Composition of Citrus Processing Residue (Approximately)

1.
2.
3.

Water
Citrus oil
Dry matter

75-80%
0.5-1.4%
20-25%

Dry matter contains:

1
2
3
4
5
6

simple sugars
23 - 28%
cellulose
8 - 10%
hemi cellulose
8 - 12%
pectin
20%
Mix of flavonoids, limonoids ,organic 20 %
acids, protein, minerals
cutin, waxes
8-10 %

Preservation Processes:During the drying process, the water content of citrus pulp decreases from
about 80% to 11% water (Grant, 2007). The drying process requires the
addition of lime (quicklime (CaO) or hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2)) to neutralize
the free acids, bind the fruit pectins and release water (Wing, 2003; Ghl,
1978). The mixture of fresh pulp and lime is then pressed to remove the
excess moisture. The resulting liquid, rich in soluble sugars, is
concentrated to make citrus molasses that can be fed to animals, sold to
distillers or reintroduced in the final pulp. Other components such as
essential oils and limonenes can also be extracted (Rihani, 1991; Grant,
2007). Once the liquid is removed, the pressed pulp is dried in a natural
gas dryer (some Brazilian companies use sugarcane bagasse as fuel for
this operation) and then pelleted and cooled (European Union, 1999; Ghl,

1978; Grant, 2007). Over-heating during the pelleting process can cause
charring, which may decrease the nutritional value (Arthington et al., 2002).
In areas where fuel costs are low, the fresh pulp can also be dried directly
in a rotary drier. Such pulps have higher sugar content (Ghl, 1978).
Drying production line citrus pulp pomace dryer:Pomace drying equipment is mainly composed of heating source (hot blast
stove, spray pulverized coal furnace or gas producer), feeder (scattered
machine), the rotary drum drying, discharging machine, induced draft fan,
transmission equipment, discharger and distribution;After a certain wet
pomace after dehydration after break up from the feeder to drying drum,
the drum uniformly distributed in the feed plate flip, copy board evenly
dispersed in a dry area with a good contact with the hot air, to speed up the
drying heat transfer, mass transfer;Moisture by induced air equipment,
prevent material get damp.In the process of drying, pomace with gradient
copy board and the uniform motion under the action of heat medium to the
dryer at the other end discharge valve to discharge drying product.In the
midst of scheme design, and fully consider the pomace moisture content,
high vitamin content, the characteristics of big viscosity, and adopted a
series of unique technology and unique technology to be solved, in order to
ensure good drying effect.

The pipe part of dryer connect with heating source

Sources:http://renewablespirits.com/presentation.htm
http://www.atritor.com/en/products/ast-dryer
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Orange-Juice.html#ixzz4IgNqjuJB
http://www.feedipedia.org/node/680