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Class:
Date:
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Wednesday
12.10.16
41
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Kipli Yassin Resources, Heritage Garden

Subject:
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PHYSICS, Form 4
4 HEAT
4.4 Gas Laws Exercise 3

The kinetic theory of gas is based on the following assumptions

The molecules in a gas move freely in random motion and possess kinetic energy.
The force of attraction between the molecules are negligible.
The collisions of the molecules with each other and with the walls of the container are elastic collisions.

Boyles Law

P1
V
That is PV = constant
Or P1V1 = P2V2

Small volume molecules hit wall more often, greater pressure

Relationship between pressure and volume

Boyles law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the
temperature is kept constant.

Boyles law can be shown graphically as in Figure below:

P

(a) P inversely proportional to V

3

1/V

(b) P directly proportional to 1/V

The volume of an air bubble at the base of a sea of 50 m deep is 250cm 3. If the atmospheric pressure is 10m of water,
find the volume of the air bubble when it reaches the surface of the sea.
P2= 10m
PI =50m + 10m
V1=250cm3

P1V1 = P2V2
60m (250 x 10-6)m3 = 10m x V2
1.5 x 10-3 m3 = V2

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W41, 4.4 Gas Laws

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Physics Form 4

An air bubble of capacity 15 cm3 at a pressure of 320 cm Hg is released from the sea. Determine the volume of the
bubble when it reaches the surface of water, if the atmospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg. Assume that the temperature of
the water is constant. [Ans: 63 cm3]

A bicycle pump of length 40 cm has a uniform cross-sectional area. It contains air at atmospheric pressure. If
the piston is pushed down a distance of 17 cm to force air into a tyre, what is the resultant air pressure in the
pump? Assume that the temperature of the air is constant. [Patm = 1 atm] [Ans: 1.74 atm]

Figure 6
Figure 6(a) shows a glass tube closed at one end with a small quantity of mercury trapped inside. When the
tube is in a horizontal position, the length of air column at the closed end of the tube is 8 cm and the length of
the mercury column is 2 cm.
(a) What is the pressure of the air trapped inside the tube in a horizontal position?
(b) What is the length of the column of air trapped inside the tube, when the tube is in a vertical position as
shown in Figure 6(b)?

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W41, 4.4 Gas Laws
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Physics Form 4

Figure 7
A rod of tube with one end closed has a strip of mercury 3 cm long. When the tube is held vertically, the
length of air trapped is 8 cm as in Figure 7(a). Atmospheric pressure is taken as 76 cm Hg.
(a) Calculate the length, x of air which is trapped when the tube is placed horizontally as in Figure 7(b).
(b) Calculate the length, y of air trapped when the tube is inverted as shown in Figure 7(c).

A bubble of air with volume 4 cm3 is released from a submarine at the depth of 50 m. What will be the volume of the
bubble when it has risen to a depth of 14 m? [Atmospheric pressure = 10 m water]

An air bubble released by a diver has a volume of 6.0 cm3 at the depth of 5 m. What is the volume of the bubble at a
depth of 2 m? [Atmospheric pressure = 10 m water] [ Ans: 7.5 cm3]

10

Figure 10 shows trapped air inside a thin glass tube in three different positions. [P atm = 76 cm Hg]

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 10
Determine the value of x and y.

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Charless Law

Physics Form 4

VT
that is V = constant
T

Higher temperature, faster molecules, larger volume to keep the pressure consta

Relationship between volume and temperature

Lower temperature

Charles law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature when its pressure is kept constant.

The temperature -2730C is the lowest possible temperature and is known as the absolute zero of temperature.

Fill the table below.

Temperature
Absolute zero
Ice point
Steam point
Unknown point

Kelvin Scale(K)
0
273
373
( + 273 )

Complete the diagram below.

-273

Celsius scale (0C)

-273
0
100

100

/0C

A syringe in a refrigerator contains 4.5 ml of air at 3 oC. When the syringe was taken out and placed in a room where
the temperature was 27oC, the air in it expands. Calculate the final volume of the air in the syringe. [ Ans: 5.0 ml]

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is 150 cm3 at 35oC. If the gas is heated at a constant pressure, what is the volume of
the gas when the temperature reaches 87oC?

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W41, 4.4 Gas Laws
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Physics Form 4

Figure below shows a glass tube containing some trapped air inside it. At 27 oC, the horizontal column of trapped air is

9 cm.

If the atmospheric pressure does not vary, how much is the horizontal column of air at a temperature of 45 oC.
[Ans: 9.54 cm3]

Pressures Law
PT
That is P = constant
T
Higher
temperature
molecules move
faster, greater
pressure

Relationship between
pressure and temperature
1

The pressure law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature when its volume is kept constant.

An iron cylinder gas has a pressure of 360 kPa when it is kept in a store at temperature 27 oC. What is the pressure of
the gas when the cylinder is moved outdoors where the temperature is 40 oC? [Ans: 375.6 kPa]

Before a journey from Kuching to Lundu, the air in a car tyre has a pressure of 200 kPa and a temperature of 27 oC.
After the journey, the air pressure in the tyre is 240 kPa. What is the temperature of the air in the tyre after the
journey? [Assume the volume of the tyre is constant] [ Ans: 87oC]

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W41, 4.4 Gas Laws

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Physics Form 4

The pressure of nitrogen gas in a light bulb is 60 kPa at 20 oC. Calculate the temperature of the gas when the pressure
inside the bulb rises to 90 kPa after the bulb is lighted up. [ Ans: 166.5oC]

A closed flask contains gas at a temperature of 95 oC and pressure of 152 kPa. If the temperature is reduced to 17 oC,
what is the new pressure of the gas? [Ans: 106 kPa]

A motorcycle tyre is found to possess a pressure of 3.2 atmospheric when it was tested in a garage at a temperature of
27oC. By assuming that the volume of the air in the tyre is fixed, what is the surrounding temperature if the tyre is
found to possess a pressure of 3.5 atmospheric? [ Ans: 55oC]

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W41, 4.4 Gas Laws, Exercise 3
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The product of pressure and volume of a fixed

mass of gas at constant temperature is
A a variable
B equal to one
C a constant
D negative
Absolute zero is the temperature at which gas
molecules theoretically
A occupy no volume at all
B move the fastest
C will read 273oC in temperature
D contain twice the number of molecules at
room temperature
Mercury freeze at 234 K. What is this temperature
in oC?
A. 39
C. 30
B. 12
D. 72
Which of the following statements about the gas
pressure is false?
A Gas molecules collide with each other to
produce gas pressure.
B Gas molecules move randomly at high speed.
C The collisions between the molecules
themselves and collisions between molecules
and wall of containers are elastic.
D Gas molecules always collide with the wall of
container to produce gas pressure.
When the gas in an enclosed container is heated at
fixed pressure, what will happen to the frequency
of collisions between the gas molecules?

A. It decreases.
B. It increases.
6

Physics Form 4

C. It remains constants.

When a fixed mass of gas expands slowly at fixed

temperature, which of the following quantities
increases?
A Kinetic energy of gas
B Average speed of gas
C Gas pressure
D Volume of gas
What will happen when a fixed mass of gas in an
enclosed container is compressed slowly without
any change in temperature?
A The gas pressure increases.

B The volume of gas remains constant.

C The kinetic energy of gas increases.
D The distance between gas molecules increases.
The volume of an air bubble at the base of a sea of
50 m deep is 200 cm3. If the atmospheric pressure
is 10 m of water, find the volume of the air bubble
when it reaches the surface of the sea.
A. 1000 cm3
C. 1250 cm3
3
B. 1200 cm
D. 1450 cm3
The volume of an air bubble is 5 mm3 when it is at
a depth of h cm below the water surface. Given
that its volume is 15 mm3 when it is at a depth of 2
m, find the value of h.

[Atmospheric pressure = 10 m of water]

A. 10
B. 15

C. 22
D. 26

10 A gas of volume 20 m3 at 37oC is heated until its

temperature becomes 87oC at constant pressure.
What is the increase in volume?
A. 3.2 m3
C. 7.2 m3
3
B. 5.2 m
D. 8.2 m3
11 The volume of a gas is 1 cm3 at 15oC. The gas is
heated at fixed pressure until the volume becomes
triple the initial volume. Calculate the final
temperature of the gas.
A. 325oC
C. 485oC
B. 442oC
D. 591oC
12 The air pressure in a container at 33oC is
1.4 10 5 Nm 2

. The container is heated until the

temperature is 55oC. What is the final air pressure
if the volume of the container is fixed?
1.30 10 5 Nm 2

A.

C.
5

1.50 10 Nm

B.

1.60 10 5 Nm 2

1.62 10 5 Nm 2

D.

13 The air pressure in one of the tyres of a car is 25

kPa at 27oC. After a long journey, the temperature
of the air in the tyre is 87oC. Find the air pressure
in the tyre now.
A. 27 kPa
C. 30 kPa
B. 29 kPa
D. 32 kPa

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Physics Form 4

14 Diagram 14.1 and Diagram 14.2 shows two identical flasks being heated with different quantity of heat for 15
minutes.

Diagram 14.1

Diagram 14.2

(a) State the physical quantity represented by the difference of two mercury levels, X and Y.

(b) Why must the level of the mercury be fixed at X?

(c) Based on Diagram 14.1 and Diagram 14.2,

(i)
compare the difference of two mercury levels, h and H.

(ii)

compare the readings of the two thermometers,

(iii)

compare the amount of heat supplied for 15 minutes

W41, 4.4 Gas Laws

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(iv)

(d) (i)

(ii)

Physics Form 4

state the relationship between the heat supplied and the temperature.

Sketch a graph of air pressure against temperature in Kelvin.

State the relationship between the pressure and the temperature of air.