D An WDM PON

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Li ni u
LI NI U
Trong nhng nm gn y, nhu cu v thng tin pht trin rt mnh trn ton cu
cng nh trong phm vi cc quc gia. p ng c yu cu i hi thng tin ngy
cng cao v a dng ca khch hng th vn v mt bng thng l v cng quan trng,
phi to mt ng truyn bng thng rng, tc cao v hn ch xy ra tc nghn.
to bng thng ln, mt gii php c a ra l s dng truy nhp quang v ch
c si quang mi m bo tc vi chc Mbps ti vi Gbps.
Trong cc gii php cho mng truy nhp quang th gii php mng truy nhp quang
th ng (PON) mang li hiu qu rt ln cho cc nh khai thc mng khi cn trin khai
mt s mng truy nhp cho mt s lng ln khch hng tp trung, yu cu bng thng
truy nhp ln. C rt nhiu k thut truyn dn c ng dng cho mng quang th ng,
c th k n nh k thut ATM (APON), to ng truyn bng rng (BPON), k thut
Ethernet (EPON), hay k thut ghp khung mi to ng truyn tc Gigabit
(GPON), s dng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng (WDM PON).
Vi cng ngh WDM, nhiu knh quang c truyn ng thi trn mt si, trong
mi knh quang tng ng mt h thng truyn dn c lp tc cao. Do vy vic s
dng k thut WDM c xem l cng ngh quan trng v hiu qu nht m rng
bng tn truyn dn cho tng ngi dng u cui cho cc mng truy nhp. Khng ch
vy kh nng m rng s lng ngi dng u cui cng linh hot hn nhiu nh ch
phi thm s lng bc sng s dng. Tuy nhin, mt vn thch thc trin khai h
thng WDM-PON l mi knh bc sng cn mt b pht sng c lp. Nh vy, s
lng ngun quang cn thit cho mng l rt ln. V vy vic nghin cu cc gii php
khc nhau gim thiu s lng ngun quang l rt quan trng nn em chn ti:
Ngun quang s dng trong h thng WDM-PON. B cc ca n c trnh by
nh sau:
Chng I : Tng quan v mng truy nhp
Chng II: Gii php WDM-PON
Chng III: Ngun quang s dng trong WDM-PON
SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1
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Li ni u
Chng IV: M phng ngun sng bng rng s dng phn mm Optisystem.
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti ThS. Ng Thu Trang B mn Tn hiu v H
thng Khoa Vin Thng I - Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin thng tn tnh gip
, ch bo v hng dn em trong qu trnh thc hin n.
Em cng xin cm n cc thy c gio trong khoa Vin Thng I, cng ban lnh o
hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin thng to iu kin gip em hon thnh
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Cui cng em xin gi li chc ti cc thy c gio trong khoa Vin Thng I nhng
li chc tt p nht, chc cc thy cc c t c nhiu thnh cng hn na trong cng
vic cng nh trong cuc sng.
H Ni, ngy thng 12 nm 2015
Sinh vin thc hin
H Trng Thy
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Mc lc
MC LC
LI NI U.................................................................................................................... i
THUT NG VIT TT...............................................................................................vi
DANH MC HNH V..................................................................................................vii
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG TRUY NHP.................................................1
1.1. Mng truy nhp hu tuyn v v tuyn...............................................................1
1.1.1. Vai tr ca mng truy nhp trong h thng vin thng.........................................1
1.1.2. Mng truy nhp cp ng.....................................................................................2
1.1.3. Mng truy nhp v tuyn......................................................................................3
1.1.3.1. Truy nhp v tuyn c nh..............................................................................3
1.1.3.2. Truy nhp v tuyn khng dy..........................................................................4
1.1.3.3. Mng truy nhp cp quang................................................................................6
1.2. Gii php FTTx cho mng th ng....................................................................7
1.2.1. Khi nim v u im ca FTTx.........................................................................7
1.2.2. Phn loi..............................................................................................................7
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Mc lc
1.2.2.1. Phn loi theo chiu di cp..............................................................................7

1.2.2.2. Phn loi theo cu hnh.....................................................................................8
1.2.3. u nhc im ca mng FTTx..........................................................................9
1.2.4. ng dng ca FTTx.............................................................................................9
1.3. Mng quang th ng.........................................................................................10
1.3.1. Tng quan v mng quang th ng..................................................................10
1.3.2. Thnh phn c bn mng quang th ng..........................................................10
1.3.3. Cc cu hnh mng PON....................................................................................17
1.3.4. Cc chun trong mng PON...............................................................................18
1.4. Tnh hnh trin khai, pht trin FTTx trn th gii v ti Vit Nam..............19
1.4.1. Tnh hnh FTTx trn th gii..............................................................................19
1.4.2. Hng pht trin ca WDM-PON.....................................................................20
CHNG II: GII PHP WDM-PON........................................................................21
2.1. Tng quan v WDM............................................................................................21
2.2. M hnh h thng WDM-PON............................................................................22
2.2.1. u nhc im ca WDM-PON........................................................................23
2.3. Cc kin trc WDM-PON...................................................................................24
2.3.1. PON hn hp (CPON).......................................................................................24
2.3.2. Kin trc WDM-PON cho LARNET.................................................................25
2.3.3. Kin trc WDM-PON cho RITENET................................................................27
2.3.4. Kin trc WDM-PON s dng AWG.................................................................28
2.3.4.1. Chc nng hot ng ca AWG......................................................................28
2.3.4.2. Kin trc..........................................................................................................30
2.3.5. DWDM Super PON (SPON).............................................................................32
2.4. Cc gii php ca WDM-PON............................................................................34
2.4.1. WDM-on-WDM.................................................................................................34
2.4.2. Lai ghp WDM/TDM-PON...............................................................................35
2.4.2.1. S dng trong ghp knh bc sng PON......................................................35
2.4.2.2. Trong mng truy nhp qung b v la chn bc sng.................................36
CHNG III: NGUN QUANG S DNG TRONG WDM-PON..........................38
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3.1. Ngun quang khng ph thuc bc sng ca WDM-PON.............................38

3.2. Hot ng ca cng ngh ONU khng ph thuc bc sng..........................38
3.2.1. S dng ngun sng bng rng (BLS)...............................................................38
3.2.2. S dng khuch i quang bn dn c phn x (RSOA)....................................42
3.2.3. S dng ngun sng trung tm (CLS)................................................................43
CHNG IV : M PHNG H THNG WDM-PON S DNG NGUN SNG
BNG RNG DA TRN OPTISYSTEM.................................................................47
4.1. Gii thiu v phn mm Optisystem..................................................................47
4.1.1. Tng quan..........................................................................................................47
4.1.2. ng dng...........................................................................................................47
4.1.3 Cc c tnh mi trong Optisystem.....................................................................47
4.1.4. Hng dn s dng Optisystem.........................................................................48
4.1.4.1. Th mc OptiSystem.......................................................................................48
4.1.4.2. Optiwave System GUI....................................................................................49
4.1.4.3. Nhng phn chnh ca GUI.............................................................................49
4.2. M hnh h thng WDM-PON............................................................................49
4.2.1. Kch bn m phng............................................................................................49
4.2.2. S thit k ca h thng WDM-PON............................................................50
4.2.3. Tham s m phng.............................................................................................53
4.2.3.1. Dung lng truyn dn v s lng knh........................................................53
4.2.3.2. La chn bc sng cng tc v khong cch knh........................................54
4.2.3.3. Si quang truyn dn (SMF)............................................................................55
4.3. Thc hin m phng............................................................................................55
4.4. Kt lun chng IV.............................................................................................60
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Thut ng vit tt
THUT NG VIT TT
A
ATM
ASE
AON
AWG
B
BER
BLS
BPON
C
CDMA
CLS
CO
CPON
CWDM
CW
D
DEMUX
DWDM
E
EAM
EDFA
E/O
EPON
F
FDMA
Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Active Optical Network
Array Wavelength Guide
Phng thc truyn d b

Pht x t pht c khuch i
Mng quang tch cc
Cch t mng ng dn sng
Bit Error Rate

Broadband Light Source
Broadband PON
T l li bt
Ngun sng bng rng
PON bng rng
Code Division Multiplexing

Access
Centralize Light Source
Central Office
Composite PON
Coarse Wavelength Division
Multiplexing
Continuous Wave
a truy nhp phn chia theo

m
Ngun sng trung tm
B phn trung tm
PON hn hp
Demultiplexer
Dense Wavelength Divison
Multiplexing
B phn knh
Ghp knh phn chia theo
bc sng mt cao
Electric Absorb Modulator

Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers
iu ch hp th in
B khuch i quang kch
thch pha tp Er3+
in/Quang
PON s dng Ethernet
Electric/Optical
Ethernet PON
Sng lin tc
FTTH
FSR
FP-LD
Frequency Division Multiplexing

Access
Fiber to the Home
Free Spectrum Range
Fabry-Perot Laser Diode

tn s
Cp quang ti nh
Di ph t do
Laser diot c khoang cng
hng
L
LARNet
Local Access Routing Network
Mng nh tuyn truy nhp ni

vng
LD
LED
M
Laser Diode
Light Emitting Diode
Diot pht quang
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MFL
MUX
MZM
N
NRZ
O
OAN
OCSU
Thut ng vit tt
Multifrequency Laser
Multiplexer
Mach-Zehnder Modulator
Laser a tn
B ghp knh
B iu ch ngoi MachZehnder
Non-Return to Zero
Optical Access Network
Optical Carrier Supply Unit
Mng truy nhp quang

n v cung cp sng mang
quang
Optical Distribution Network

Optical/Electric
Optical Network Unit
Optical Network Terminal
Optical Line Terminal
Optical Supervision Channel
Mng phn phi quang

Quang/in
n v mng quang
u cui mng quang
u cui ng quang
Gim st knh quang
Pre-Amplifier
Polarization Controller
Passive Optical Network
Remote Node
Relative Intense Noise
Reflect Semiconductor Optical
Amplifier
B tin khuch i
iu khin phn cc
Mng quang th ng
Nt iu khin t xa
Nhiu cng tng i
Khuch i quang bn dn c
phn x
Single Mode Laser

Superliminescent Light Emitting
Diode
Laser n mode
Diode pht x nh sng bng
rng
T
TDM
Time Division Multiplexing
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
Ghp knh phn chia theo thi

gian
thi gian
ODN
O/E
ONU
ONT
OLT
OSC
P
PA
PC
PON
RN
RIN
RSOA
S
SM-LD
SLED
W
WDM
Wavelength Division
Multiplexing
Ghp knh phn chia theo

bc sng
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Thut ng vit tt
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Danh mc hnh v
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 Cu trc mng truy nhp hin i.............................................................2
Hnh 1.2 Cu trc cp ng......................................................................................2
Hnh 1.3 M hnh s dng cng ngh truy nhp xDSL trong cp ng...................3
Hnh 1.4 M hnh s dng cng ngh WLAN...........................................................4
Hnh 1.5 S khi mng truy nhp quang.............................................................6
Hnh 1.6 Phn loi mng FTTx theo chiu di cp quang......................................8
Hnh 1.7 Mng quang th ng PON.....................................................................10
Hnh 1.8 Cu trc ca cp quang..........................................................................11
Hnh 1.9 Cu hnh c bn ca cc loi Coupler....................................................12
Hnh 1.10 Cu trc c bn ca cch t mng ng dn sng..................................12
Hnh 1.11 B ghp knh AWG.................................................................................13
Hnh 1.12 Cc khi chc nng trong OLT..............................................................14
Hnh 1.13 Cc khi chc nng trong ONU............................................................15
Hnh 1.14 Cc thnh phn ca ODN......................................................................17
Hnh 1.15a Cu hnh cy s dng b chia (splitter 1:N)........................................17
Hnh 1.15b Cu hnh bus s dng tapcoupler 1:2..................................................18
Hnh 1.15c Cu hnh dng vng s dng tapcoupler 2x2.......................................18
Hnh 1.15d Cu hnh dng cy d phng s dng b chia 2:N..............................18
Hnh 2.1 M hnh h thng WDM...........................................................................21
Hnh 2.2 M hnh tng qut ca mt h thng WDM-PON...................................22
Hnh 2.3 M hnh P2MP ca mng WDM-PON.....................................................23
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Danh mc hnh v
Hnh 2.4 Kin trc PON hn hp............................................................................25

Hnh 2.5 Kin trc tng qut ca LARNet.............................................................26
Hnh 2.6 Cu to ca laser a tn (MFL)..............................................................26
Hnh 2.7 Kin trc ca RITENET..........................................................................27
Hnh 2.8 Tnh nng hot ng ca AWG................................................................29
Hnh 2.9 Kin trc AWG s dng WDM-PON........................................................30
Hnh 2.10 Kin trc mng h tr dch v multicast v unicast..............................31
Hnh 2.11 DWDM super-PON s dng ONU khng ph thuc bc sng...........33
Hnh 2.12 S dng CWDM kt hp v phn chia cc tn hiu quang thng qua
di ph t do (FSR) ca AWG.................................................................................35
Hnh 2.13 Cu hnh WDM/TDM lai ghp...............................................................36
Hnh 2.14 WDM/TDM trong ng xung............................................................37
Hnh 2.15 WDM/TDM trong ng ln..................................................................37
Hnh 3.1 Thit lp h thng WDM-PON da vo BLS...........................................39
Hnh 3.2a Ph quang ca hai laser khi cha bm qua li ln nhau......................40
Hnh 3.2b Ph quang ca hai laser khi s dng BLS.............................................40
Hnh 3.3 RIN ca mt mode trong s cc mode ca ngun BLS, RIN ca mode
trong s cc mode ca laser F-P v RIN ca ngun ASE ct lt ph.....................41
Hnh 3.4 H thng WDM-PON s dng RSOA.......................................................42
Hnh 3.5 Kin trc ca ngun laser trung tm trong WDM-PON.........................44
Hnh 3.6 Cu hnh my pht i vi MZM c mc song song v ni tip.........46
Hnh 3.7 Cu hnh pha my thu i vi MZM c mc song song v ni tip. .46
Hnh 4.1 Giao din s dng Optisystem.................................................................49
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Danh mc hnh v
Hnh 4.2 S m phng h thng WDM-PON.....................................................50

Hnh 4.3 Khi pht tn hiu ng xung...............................................................51
Hnh 4.4 Ngun pht...............................................................................................51
Hnh 4.5 Khi thu tn hiu.......................................................................................52
Hnh 4.6 S khi pha my thu...........................................................................52
Hnh 4.7 Pha thu tn hiu ti ng ln................................................................53
Hnh 4.8 Tc bt ngun pht..............................................................................53
Hnh 4.9 Tham s b ghp knh AWG....................................................................54
Hnh 4.10 Tham s ca RSOA................................................................................54
Hnh 4.11 Ph ca tn hiu ng xung ti u vo v u ra............................55
Hnh 4.12 Cng sut quang ng xung..............................................................56
Hnh 4.13 Tn hiu c a ti ONU1, ONU2, ONU3, ONU4............................57
Hnh 4.14 nh gi cht lng tn hiu ng xung ti ONU 1 qua BER..........58
Hnh 4.15 Ph u ra sau khi ghp knh ti ng ln.........................................58
Hnh 4.16 Ph ca mi knh bc sng sau khi phn knh...................................59
Hnh 4.17 Tn hiu thu c ti ng ln ca ONU1...........................................60
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Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG TRUY NHP

1.1.
Mng truy nhp hu tuyn v v tuyn
1.1.1. Vai tr ca mng truy nhp trong h thng vin thng
Hin nay cc nh khai thc v cung cp dch v mng vin thng, cc nh sn xut thit
b, cc c quan qun l vin thng, cc nh sn xut thit b cng nh cc hng nghin
cu cng ang tp trung vo mng truy nhp. L do mng truy nhp tr thnh ni dung
pht trin c tnh cht chin lc ca cc quc gia l:
Mng truy nhp cho php s dng c s h tng mng hiu qu hn chi ph qun l,
khai thc, bo dng thp hn. Do to u th trong mi trng cnh tranh.
Mng truy nhp cho php trin khai dch v mt cch nhanh chng. To ra kh nng
tch hp nhng dch v mi c cht lng cao, tc nhanh, bng tn rng th ch
c mng truy nhp tin tin mi c kh nng p ng c nhu cu cho khch hng.
Mng truy nhp c mt h thng qun l gip cho mng hot ng n nh, linh
hot vi cc kh nng chn on, khc phc li v sa li tt.
Mng truy nhp giao tip vi bn ngoi thng qua 3 giao din:
- Giao din ngi s dng-mng (UNI): ph thuc vo loi dch v cung cp.
- Giao din mng truy nhp-mng li (SNI): c th l giao din 2 dy trong h
-
thng truy nhp c.

Giao din qun l Q: l giao din tiu chun kt ni n h thng qun l
mng.
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Hnh 1.1 Cu trc mng truy nhp hin i

Ngoi ra mi trng kt ni thu bao phc v cho kt ni cui n mng truy nhp,
kt ni ny c th da trn mi trng truyn dn khc nhau, c th l v tuyn hoc hu
tuyn (cp ng hoc cp quang). Cc cng ngh truyn dn khc nhau c s dng
kt ni ny ty theo nhu cu v dch v v ty theo h thng c th ca nh sn xut.
1.1.2. Mng truy nhp cp ng
Cp ng bao gm dy dn bn trong v dy dn bn ngoi (Lp bo v) c bao
bc bng lp v bn ngoi. Cp ng trc thng c cu trc nh sau:
Hnh 1.2 Cu trc cp ng
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Ta c m hnh sau:
Hnh 1.3 M hnh s dng cng ngh truy nhp xDSL trong cp ng
xDSL l mt h cng ngh cung cp truyn dn s trn ng dy in thoi ca
mng chuyn mch ni ht. Tc xDSL vo khong 640kbps n 3Mbps ty thuc vo
cng ngh DSL v tc dch v theo yu cu. Thng thng th tc ng ln thp
hn tc ng xung i vi ADSL v bng nhau i vi SDSL.
Cc thnh phn thit b ca h thng xDSL bao gm hai thnh phn thit b thuc 2
pha u cui, mt pha u cui thuc CPE v u cui kia c gi l CO. y l yu
t quyt nh v tc bit m pha khch hng t c. Cng ngh xDSL cn gp phi
mt s nhc im nh nhiu knh truyn, xuyn knh, can nhiu t cc h thng v
tuyn v cc nguyn nhn gy suy hao khc dn n chng c th lm suy hao tn hiu
ca khch hng. Ngoi ra cn mt s loi DSL khc nh HSDL, VDSL, RADSL,
HDSK2, HDSL4
1.1.3. Mng truy nhp v tuyn
1.1.3.1. Truy nhp v tuyn c nh
Truy nhp v tuyn c nh (FWA) c nh ngha l t giao din node dch v n
b phn u cui thu bao, p dng phng thc v tuyn ton b hoc mt phn. Lin
kt bng v tuyn c dng thay th cho cp hoc si quang truyn dn d liu v
thoi. FWA c dng trong truy nhp Internet nhanh v hi ngh truyn hnh. Thng tin
c truyn i t mt trm pht n cc u cui c nh, khc vi in thoi di ng,
thng tin c truyn i t mt trm pht n cc u cui di ng.
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FWA thch hp cho truy nhp bng rng nhng ni m vic xy dng h thng cp
quang hoc c s h tng kh khn hoc c chi ph ln.
1.1.3.2.
Truy nhp v tuyn khng dy

Ngy nay mng khng dy (Wireless Lan) tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu
trong cuc sng khi n xut hin trong cc doanh nghip, trng hc, cc a im gii tr
v ngay c ti tng h gia nh. Nh s tin li ca mnh, mng khng dy dn thay
th kt ni truyn thng bng cp truyn thng.
Hnh 1.4 M hnh s dng cng ngh WLAN

Mng khng dy cho php bn truy nhp vo internet bt k ni u trong khu vc
ph sng. Vi s pht trin v cng ngh, cc sn phm cng ngh nh my tnh xch tay,
smartphone ngy cng c gi thnh r hn v chng u c tch hp sn kh nng
kt ni wi-fi th xu hng s dng mng khng dy l tt yu. Hn th na, vic thit lp
mng khng dy khng qu kh khn so vi mng phi dng cp (v d trin khai h
thng cp nhng ta nh ln), vic sa cha bo dng cng s d dng hn.Mng
khng dy c th p ng tc th s gia tng s lng ngi dng.
Phm vi hot ng ca mng khng dy kh nh nn ch thch hp trong mt cn
nh, nu mt ta nh ln cn phi c thm nhng b pht tn hiu, khuych i tn hiu
lm gia tng chi ph. Vic kt ni vo mng chm hay b t on do nh hng ca mi
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trng, ca cc thit b pht tn hiu radio khc.Tc ca mng khng dy hin ti vn

chm hn so vi s dng cp (100 Mbps cho n hng Gbps).
Cc k thut truy nhp nh FDMA, TDMA, CDMA
a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA): FDMA th hin knh bng hp m
n gin nht l bt k u cui no cng c mt ng thu bao theo mi knh m
n c th truy nhp ti bt k tn s no, i khi h thng ny c gi l mi knh
trn mt sng mang. Phn chia tn s y l mi my di ng c th s dng mt
ng c to ra. a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s c ngha l nhiu khch hng
c th s dng di tn c gn cho h m khng b trng nh vic phn chia
ph tn ra thnh nhiu on.
Ngoi ra ghp knh phn chia theo tn s l tn hiu cn c pht ti mt s khch
hng t mt my pht bng cch phn chia cc bng tn v my thu s la chn
thng tin thuc bng tn ca n.
a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA): trong thng tin di ng TDMA,
trm gc pht tn hiu TDM n my di ng trong t bo. My di ng nhn mt
khe ca mnh trong s cc tn hiu TDM v gi tn hiu khi v trm gc mt cch
tun t. Cc s my di ng lin lc vi cc trm gc mt cch ng thi theo mt
knh v tuyn.
a truy nhp phn chia theo m (CDMA): Thu bao ca mng di ng CDMA chia
s cng mt di tn chung. Mi khch hng c th ni ng thi v tn hiu c
pht i trn cng mt di tn. Cc knh thu bao c tch bit bng cch s dng
m ngu nhin, cc tn hiu ca nhiu thu bao khc nhau s c m ha bng cc
m ngu nhin khc nhau, sau c trn ln v pht i trn cng mt di tn
chung v ch c phc hi duy nht thit b thu bao (my in thoi di ng)
vi m ngu nhin tng ng. p dng l thuyt truyn thng tri ph, CDMA a
ra hng lot cc u im m nhiu cng ngh khc cha th t c.
1.1.3.3.
Mng truy nhp cp quang
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Mng truy nhp quang (OAN) l mng truy nhp ch yu s dng si quang l mi
trng truyn dn.
u im: Dung lng ln, kch thc v trng lng cp nh, khng b nhiu in,
tnh bo mt cao, tnh hnh th trng rt tt, cht lng truyn dn tt
Nhc im: vn chuyn i tn hiu in sang quang v ngc li. Chi ph ca
cc thit b chuyn tip cao, cn xem xt khi thit k mng. ng truyn thng
iu ny khng thch hp cho vic lp t nhng ni c a hnh phc tp. Yu
cu lp t c bit do si ch yu lm bng thy tinh.
Cu hnh tham chiu
Mng truy nhp quang s dng si quang lm mi trng truyn dn ch yu.
Thng tin trao i gia CO v tn hiu nhn c ca thu bao u l tn hiu in.
Cn phi c b bin i E/O pha CO v bin i O/E n v mng quang
(ONU) c th thc hin truyn dn tn hiu.
Hnh 1.5 S khi mng truy nhp quang

Mng truy nhp quang c chia lm 2 loi c bn l truy nhp quang tch cc
(AON) v truy nhp quang th ng (PON)
Mng AON s dng cc thit b tch cc nh cc b chia tch cc hoc cc b ghp
knh on phn b ca mng truy nhp. Mng PON cha cc thit b th ng nh b
chia, b kt hp, b ghp nh hng. iu ny gip cho PON c mt s u im l
khng cn ngun in cung cp nn khng b nh hng bi li ngun. C tin cy cao
v khng cn phi bo dng do tn hiu khng b suy hao nhiu nh cc thnh phn tch
cc.
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1.2. Gii php FTTx cho mng th ng

1.2.1. Khi nim v u im ca FTTx
Trc y cc h thng mng truy nhp c s dng ch yu bi cp ng, ng
dng cho cc dch v c lu lng thp, vic s dng cp ng c nhng li ch nh chi
ph thp, kh nng lp t v trin khai n gin. Tuy nhin cp ng c nhiu hn ch
nh bng thng hp, kh nng chng nhiu km, suy hao ln v khong cch truyn nh.
Cng ngh truyn dn bng cp quang khc phc hon ho cc nhc im ny.
Truyn dn bng cp quang khng b nhiu do tn hiu c truyn bng nh sng, suy
hao nh, phm vi truyn dn gp hng chc ln so vi cp ng v c bit l cp quang
c bng thng ln ln n hng trm Ghz p ng c hon ton vi nhng nhu cu
truyn dn tc cao. Mt khc, vi s bng n v nhu cu bng thng hin nay, vic
trin khai mt h thng mng truy nhp quang n tng h gia nh, vn phng, ta nh l
mt iu tt yu . chnh l mng FTTx.
FTTx (Fiber To The x) l mt kin trc mng trong si quang c ko t cc
thit b chuyn mch ca nh cung cp dch v n cc thu bao. Trong si quang c
hoc khng c s dng trong tt c cc kt ni t nh cung cp dch v n khch
hng. x c biu th l mt k hiu i din cho cc loi hnh mng khc nhau nh
FTTH, FTTC, FTTB, FTTN,.. Do n c th thay th h tng cp ng hin ti nh dy
in thoi, cp ng trc. y l mt kin trc mng mi v ang pht trin nhanh chng
bng cch cung cp bng thng ln hn cho ngi dng.
1.2.2. Phn loi
1.2.2.1. Phn loi theo chiu di cp
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Hnh 1.6 Phn loi mng FTTx theo chiu di cp quang

Trong nh ngha ta c cc loi FTTH, FTTB, FTTC,... im khc nhau ca cc loi
hnh ny l do chiu di cp quang t thit b u cui ca ISP (OLT) n cc user. Nu t
OLT n ONU (thit b u cui pha user ) hon ton l cp quang th ngi ta gi l
FTTH/FTTB.
1.2.2.2. Phn loi theo cu hnh
Cu hnh point-to-point: l kt ni im-im, s c mt kt ni thng t nh cung
cp dch v n khch hng, mi si quang s ch kt ni ti mt khch hng cho nn cu
hnh mng tng i n gin do khng phi chia s vic s dng bng thng v tc
c th s rt cao. Qu trnh truyn dn P2P cng rt an ton do ch thc hin truyn dn
trn mt ng truyn vt l. Tuy nhin vi m hnh ny th rt kh c th m rng vi
quy m ln bi gi thnh u t cho mt khch hng l rt cao, h thng tr nn cng
knh, kh khn trong vic vn hnh v bo dng khi s lng khch hng tng ln.
Cu hnh Point to Multipoint: l kt ni im-a im, mt kt ni t nh cung cp
dch v n nhiu khch hng thng qua mt b chia Splitter. Trong m hnh ny th mi
ng quang i t nh cung cp dch v s c chia s bng thng cho mi khch hng.
iu ny s lm gim chi ph lp t ng cp quang v trnh cho h thng khi pht
trin gi cng knh.
1.2.3. u nhc im ca mng FTTx

u im
Dung lng ln: Cc si quang c kh nng truyn i nhng lng ln thng tin.
Tnh cch in: Cp si quang c th loi b c nhiu gy ra bi cc dng in
chy vng di t hay nhng dng in c phng ra t cc ng dy thng tin nh
vic trc trc v in.
Tnh bo mt: Si quang cung cp bo mt thng tin cao. Mt si quang khng
th b trch ly trm thng tin bng cc phng tin thng thng.
tin cy cao v d bo dng: Do khng chu nh hng ca hin tng pha inh
v do c tui th cao nn yu cu v vic bo dng h thng quang l t hn so vi cc
h thng khc.
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Tnh linh hot: Cc h thng thng tin quang u kh dng cho hu ht cc dng
thng tin s liu, thoi v video.
Tnh m rng: Cc h thng si quang c thit k thch hp c th d dng m
rng khi cn thit.
Nhc im
P2P: khi s lng thu bao ln th kin trc ny khng cn ph hp na bi vic
qun l ng truyn vt l thu bao s rt phc tp v tn km.
P2MP: Thit b u cui, vt t, nguyn liu c gi thnh cao, hn na kin trc ny
phi c qu trnh o to chuyn su.
1.2.4. ng dng ca FTTx
Vi cng ngh FTTx, nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp tc download ln
n 10Gbps, nhanh gp 200 ln so vi ADSL2+ (ch c th p ng 20Mbps). Tc
truyn dn vi ADSL l khng cn bng, c tc ti ln lun nh hn tc ti xung
v ti a l 20 Mbps. Cn FTTH cho php cn bng, tc ti ln v ti xung nh nhau
cho php ti a l 10Gbps, c th phc v cng mt lc cho hng trm my tnh.
Nhng tnh nng vt tri ca FTTX cho php s dng cc dch v thoi, truyn
hnh, internet tc cao. iu khng ch to nn s nh gn v thit b, ng dy m
cn mang li cht lng truyn dn tt. Cc loi hnh dch v i hi tc truyn cao,
c tnh bo mt tt nh truyn hnh hi ngh, Host Server ring, VPN cng c cc nh
cung cp dch v tp trung khai thc, truyn d liu, Game Online, IPTV (truyn hnh
tng tc), VoD, Video Conference, IP Gamevi u th bng thng truyn ti d liu
cao, c th nng cp bng thng ln ti 1Gbps, an ton d liu, n nh cao, khng b
nh hng bi nhiu in, t trng.
1.3. Mng quang th ng
1.3.1. Tng quan v mng quang th ng
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Hnh 1.7 Mng quang th ng PON.

Cc phn t th ng ca PON u nm trong mng phn b quang hay cn gi l
mng quang ngoi vi bao gm cc phn t nh si quang, cc b tch/ghp quang th
ng , cc u ni v cc mi hn quang. Phn t tch cc nh OLT s nm CO (Central
Office) v ONU nm pha ngi dng. Tn hiu trong PON c th c phn chia v
truyn i theo nhiu si quang hoc c kt hp li v truyn i trn mt si quang
thng qua b ghp quang, ph thuc tn hiu i theo ng ln hay ng xung ca
mng quang th ng PON.
1.3.2. Thnh phn c bn mng quang th ng
a) Si quang v cp quang
Hai thng s c bn ca si quang l suy hao v tn sc. Tuy nhin ta ch xt n
thng s tn sc v khng quan tm n suy hao do khong cch truyn dn ti a ch l
20km. Do ngi ta s s dng si quang c suy hao nh, ch yu l s dng si quang
theo chun G652.
Khng ging nh cp ng truyn tn hiu in, cp quang truyn tn hiu bng nh
sang. Chnh v s khc bit m cp quang t b nhiu, tc cao v c kh nng truyn
i xa hn.
Cp quang gm cc thnh phn c th hin nh hnh 1.8
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Hnh 1.8 Cu trc ca cp quang

b) B tch ghp quang
Coupler
Mt mng quang th ng s dng mt thit b th ng tch 1 tn hiu quang t
mt si quang sang mt vi si quang khc v ngc li. Thit b ny c gi l Coupler
quang.
Hnh 1.9 Cu hnh c bn ca cc loi Coupler

1.9a c chc nng tch 1 tia vo thnh 2 tia u ra, gi l coupler Y
1.9b c chc nng ghp cc tn hiu quang ti 2 u vo thnh 1 tn hiu
ti u ra
1.9c va ghp va tch quang gi l coupler X hoc Y phn hng 2x2
AWG (Cch t mng ng dn sng)
Cch t mng ng dn sng (AWG) l mt thit b c th phn chia hoc kt hp cc
tn hiu cng vi nhng ca s bc sng khc nhau. AWG c thit lp nh mt knh
si quang hai chiu, ni m nh sng ti ti u vo ca si quang u tin c a vo
phn on ng dn sng a mode, tip theo s truyn ti thng qua mt vi ng dn sng
n mode n phn on a mode th hai, v cui cng c a n u ra si quang.
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Qu trnh lc ca s bc sng da trn nh hng ca giao thoa v di cc tuyn

ng quang khc nhau trong ng dn sng n mode. Bt c mt bc sng kt hp ti
u vo c truyn ti thng qua cc ng dn sng n mode, v u ra trong bt c
knh no s dn ti s chng ln (giao thoa) ca tt c cc ca s bc sng.
Hnh 1.10 Cu trc c bn ca cch t mng ng dn sng

Cch t mng ng dn sng c th c s dng trong min quang i vi khong
cch truyn dn di v cc mng quang th ng. AWG c th thc hin ghp knh i
vi mt s lng cc knh quang ln. AWG iu chnh nh sng trn mt mt phng cha
cc sng nh sng, cung cp tn sc phn chia nh sng cho nhng bc sng khc
nhau. Nhng thit b ghp knh hay OADM, OXC c th c thc hin vi nhiu cng
ngh khc nhau. Nhng 2 cng ngh tiu biu l s dng cch t mng ng dn sng
AWG v cch t Bragg si quang. Gn y AWG c s dng ph bin hn mc d
cng ngh ny rt kh t c hiu nng tt trong cc qu trnh phn knh v ghp
knh mt s lng nh cc knh. Tuy nhin n c kh nng m rng tt vi s lng ln
cc knh v ph hp vi cc kin trc phc tp.
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Hnh 1.11 B ghp knh AWG

Nhng thnh phn ca mt tn hiu quang u vo c truyn trc tip n cc
cng u ra c ch r cng ca s bc sng c ch ra trn hnh 1.11(a). Mt b
ghp knh AWG ph bin bao gm 2 b coupler sao c hot ng cng nhau vi cc
ng dn sng c di khng bng nhau th hin trn hnh 1.11 (b). Chc nng ca cc
ng dn sng nh mt cch t quang phn tn cc tn hiu ca cc bc sng khc
nhau.
B chia Splitter
B chia l thit b th ng, nhim v ca b chia l chia cng sut quang t mt si
ra nhiu si khc nhau, t OLT n ONU c th s dng nhiu dng b chia c t l chia
l 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128. Vic s dng b chia c t l ln nh 1:32 hay
1:64 hay c th s dng b chia nhiu lp vi lp th nht s dng b chia 1:2 v lp th
2 s dng 2 b chia 1:4. Tuy nhin hu ht h thng PON s dng b chia 1:16 v 1:32, t
l chia trc tip nh hng n qu suy hao ca h thng v suy hao truyn dn. T l ca
b chia cng cao cng c ngha l cng sut truyn n mi ONU s gim xung do suy
hao ca b chia Splitter 1:N tnh theo cng thc 10xlogN (dB), nu t l chia m tng ln
gp i th suy hao s tng ln 3dB.
Bng 1.1: Lit k suy hao ca cc b splitter tng ng

c) u cui ng quang OLT
OLT cung cp giao din gia h thng mng truy nhp quang th ng PON v
mng quang ng trc ca cc nh cung cp dch v thoi, d liu v video. OLT c th
c t bn trong tng i hoc ti mt trm t xa. OLT cng kt ni n mng li ca
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nh cung cp dch v thng qua h thng qun l EMS. S khi chc nng ca OLT
c m t nh sau:
Hnh 1.12 Cc khi chc nng trong OLT

Phn li OLT
Phn li OLT bao gm cc chc nng:
Chc nng kt ni cho c s ha cung cp cc kt ni gia phn mng li vi
phn mng phn phi quang ODN. Chc nng ghp knh truyn dn cung cp kt ni VP
gia chc nng cng dch v SPF v giao din ODN. Cc VP khc nhau c gn vo cc
dch v khc nhau ti giao din PON. Cc thng tin khc nh bo hiu, OAM c trao
i nh cc VC trong VP. Chc nng ghp knh truyn dn cung cp vic truyn v ghp
cc knh trn mng phn phi quang ODN. Chc nng giao din ODN cung cp mi
trng truyn dn quang kt ni OLT vi mt hoc nhiu ONU bng vic s dng thit b
th ng. N iu khin qu trnh chuyn i quang in v in quang.
Phn dch v OLT
Phn dch v OLT c chc nng cng dch v, cc cng dch v s truyn tc
ISDN v c th cu hnh mt s dch v hay c th h tr hai hay nhiu dch v khc
nhau nh game online, truyn d liu. Chc nng cng dch v ng vai tr giao tip vi
node dch v, chc nng cng dch v thc hin chn t bo ATM vo ti trng SDH
ng ln, v tch t bo ATM t ti trng SDH ng xung.
Phn chung OLT
Bao gm chc nng cp ngun v chc nng hot ng, qun l v bo dng
OAM, chc nng cp ngun chuyn i ngun ngoi thnh ngun mong mun, chc nng
OAM cung cp cc phng tin hot ng, qun l v bo dng cho tt c cc khi
OLT.
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d) n v mng quang ONU

ONU c t pha khch hng, ONU cung cp phng tin cn thit phn
phi cc dch v khc nhau c iu khin bi OLT.
ONU cng c chia lm 3 phn: phn li, phn dch v v phn chung.
Hnh 1.13 Cc khi chc nng trong ONU

Phn li ONU
Giao din ODN x l cc qu trnh chuyn i quang in, giao din ODN ly cc
t bo ATM t ti trng PON ng xung v chn cc t bo ATM vo ti trng ng
ln. Phn li ONU gm: Chc nng ghp khch hng v dch v c nhim v nu pha
khch hng th d liu s c ghp trc khi truyn n ODN cn nu pha ODN th
cc dch v s tch ra ph hp cho tng user yu cu dch v. Chc nng ghp knh
truyn dn cung cp cc chc nng
phn phi tn hiu gia ODN v khch hng.Chc
nng giao din ODN cung cp chc nng chuyn i quang in hay in quang.
Phn dch v ONU
Cung cp cc chc nng cng ca ngi dng, chc nng cng ca ngi dng cung
cp cc giao din dch v ca khch hng. Chc nng ny c th c cp bi mt khch
hng hay mt nhm khch hng. N cng cung cp chc nng chuyn i tn hiu ty
thuc vo giao din.
Phn chung ONU
Bao gm chc nng cp ngun, chc nng hot ng, qun l v bo dng OAM.
Chc nng cp ngun v d nh chuyn i tn hiu xoay chiu thnh tn hiu mt chiu
v ngc li. Chc nng OAM cung cp cc phng tin iu khin cc chc nng
hot ng, qun l v bo dng cho tt c khi ONU.
e) ODN
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Cung cp phng tin truyn dn quang cho kt ni vt l gia ONU v OLT, cc

ODN ring l c th c kt hp v m rng nh cc b khuch i quang, ODN gm
cc thnh phn th ng nh cp v si quang n mode, connecter quang, thit b r
nhnh quang th ng, b suy hao quang th ng v mi hn.
Hnh 1.14 Cc thnh phn ca ODN

1.3.3. Cc cu hnh mng PON
C mt vi cu hnh thch hp cho mng truy nhp nh cu hnh cy, vng hoc bus.
Mng quang th ng c th trin khai linh ng trong bt k cu hnh no nh s dng
mt tapcoupler quang 1:2 v b tch quang 1:N.
Ngoi nhng m hnh trn, PON c th trin khai trong mt vi cu hnh d phng
nh vng i hoc cy i.
Di y l mt vi cu hnh v PON:
Hnh 1.15a Cu hnh cy s dng b chia (splitter 1:N)

Tt c qu trnh truyn dn trong mng PON u c thc hin gia OLT v ONU.
OLT nm ti CO (Central Office), kt ni mng quang n mng khu vc th MAN
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hoc mng din rng WAN cn c gi l Backbone, mng ng di chng hn nh

mng IP. ONU u cui ngi s dng trong cc gii php nh FTTH, FTTB/C v c
kh nng cung cp cc dch v thoi, d liu, multimedia, bng rng.
Hnh 1.15b Cu hnh bus s dng tapcoupler 1:2
Hnh 1.15c Cu hnh dng vng s dng tapcoupler 2x2
Hnh 1.15d Cu hnh dng cy d phng s dng b chia 2:N

1.3.4. Cc chun trong mng PON
Cc chun mng PON c th chia thnh 2 nhm: nhm 1 gm cc chun theo
phng thc truy nhp TDMA-PON nh B-PON, E-PON,G-PON; nhm 2 bao gm cc
chun theo phng thc truy nhp khc nh WDM-PON v CDMA-PON
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B-PON: a ra cc tiu chun v cc khi chc nng ONT v OLT, khun dng v
tc khung ca lung d liu hng ln v hng xung. Phng thc truy nhp
hng ln l TDMA. Ngoi ra B-PON s dng phng php DBA cho php OLT
nhn bit lng bng thng cn thit cp cho cc ONT.
E-PON: l giao thc truy nhp mng truy nhp y dch v FSAN. D liu
hng xung c ng khung theo khun dng Ethernet. Tc truyn d liu ca
E-PON c th t ti 1Gbps
GE-PON: l pht trin ca E-PON ti tc 10Gbps v c ng dng ch yu
trong mng qung b video s.
GPON: l c xy dng trn B-PON v E-PON. Mc d GPON h tr truyn ti
tin ATM nhng n cng a vo mt c ch thch nghi ti tin m c ti u ha
cho truyn ti khung Ethernet l phng thc ng gi GEM. Ngoi ra GPON s
dng cu trc khung GTC cho c hai hng ln v hng xung
WDM-PON: l mng quang th ng s dng phng thc ghp knh phn chia
theo bc sng. OLT s dng mt bc sng c lp thng tin ti mi ONT theo
dng im-im. Mi ONU c mt b lc quang la chn bc sng tng thch
vi n. WDM-PON s dng cho nhiu ng dng khc nhau nh FTTx, cc ng
dng VDSL v cc im truy nhp v tuyn t xa
1.4. Tnh hnh trin khai, pht trin FTTx trn th gii v ti Vit Nam
1.4.1. Tnh hnh FTTx trn th gii
Th trng Trung Quc
Cc nh cung cp dch v bng thng rng Trung Quc tp trung vo trin khai
FTTH/B l chnh v theo xu hng cng ngh PON, c th l EPON v GPON. IPTV l
yu t tc ng quan trng nht pht trin FTTx ti y. Trung Quc c xu hng truy
nhp mng tc cao vi cht lng n nh v truyn dn i xng.
Th trng ti Nht Bn
Nht bn xy dng d n 5 nm vi mc tiu: 38 triu thu bao aDSL, 18 triu thu
bao FTTH, gi bng rng gim trn 60%, 97% c quan chnh ph lm vic qua Internet,
kt ni bng rng n cc vng nng thn. Cng ty NTT dn u v FTTH Nht u t
5 ngn t Yn (47 t USD) tnh n nm 2013 nng cp FTTH cho cc ng dn c
ca 30 triu thu bao, NTT v Tepco a gi dch v ln n 1Gbps cho php xem TV
trn FTTH.
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Ti khu vc chu M: mng FTTx cng chng t tim nng pht trin qua nhng
con s ng ch . Ti M, FTTH l gii php duy nht i vi cc cng ty cung cp dch
v ni ht M. Tnh ti nm 2014, cng ty VerZon c ti hn 20 triu thu bao FTTH.
Th trng Hn Quc
Mc tiu truy nhp bng rng ca Hn Quc l cung cp tng th bng thng rng,
cc dch v a phng tin mi lc mi ni. c 10 triu thu bao khng dy tc
thp hn 1Mbps vo nm 2010 ti Hn Quc v Hn Quc l mt quc gia pht trin
mnh v cng nghe WDM-PON.
1.4.2. Hng pht trin ca WDM-PON
Vi tc pht trin Internet nh hin nay th dch v Internet bng rng l mt
phn khng th thiu trn ton th gii. Mc d s pht trin ca WDM-PON ni ring
cng nh cc cng ngh khc ni chung l kh thnh cng nhng chi ph li cao. iu
ny r rng cho ta thy FTTH l mt trin vng trong tng lai, nhng vn cn rt tn
km.
p ng c s pht trin rt nhanh v lu lng ca cc ng dng internet
cng nh ca cc dch v bng rng ngy cng a dng nh HDTV, game, hi ngh truyn
hnh Kin trc mng truy nhp l rt cn thit. WDM-PON c th khc phc c
nhng hn ch ca cc mng PON khc nh v bng thng truyn dn, p ng c cc
yu cu kht khe ca nh cung cp dch v cng nh v pha khch hng. V th nhng
nghin cu cho kin trc mng WDM-PON l rt cn thit.
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CHNG II: GII PHP WDM-PON

2.1. Tng quan v WDM
Cng ngh WDM khng phi l mi, khi nim ny bt u c t nhng nm 1950.
V tng truyn nhiu tn hiu quang trn cng mt knh truyn l rt n gin tuy
nhin nhng gii php cho cc vn cng ngh l rt kh khn v n cn thi gian di
pht trin v gii quyt cc vn . Khong 20 nm sau cc thit b thc t u tin
s dng cho ghp knh c sn xut v s dng M, Nht, Chu u.
M hnh h thng WDM
Hnh 2.1 M hnh h thng WDM

Gi s c cc ngun quang lm vic cc bc sng khc nhau 1, 2, ..., n. Tn
hiu quang cc bc sng khc nhau ny s c ghp cng mt si dn quang. Cc tn
hiu c bc sng khc nhau c ghp li pha pht nh b ghp knh (MUX), b
ghp bc sng phi m bo c suy hao nh v tn hiu sau khi ghp s c truyn dc
theo si quang ti pha thu. Cc b tch sng quang khc nhau pha u thu s nhn li
cc lung tn hiu vi cc bc sng ring r ny sau khi chng qua b gii ghp bc
sng (DE-MUX).
pha pht, cc thit b ghp knh phi c suy hao nh t mi ngun quang ti tn
u ra ca b ghp knh. u thu, cc b tch sng quang phi nhy vi rng ca
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cc bc sng quang.Khi thc hin tch knh cn phi thc hin cch li knh quang tht
tt vi cc bc sng bng cch thit k cc b gii ghp knh tht chnh xc, cc b lc
quang nu c s dng phi c bc sng ct chnh xc, di lm vic tht n nh.
C 2 phng n thit lp h thng truyn dn s dng ghp knh phn chia theo
bc sng l thit lp h thng ghp knh theo bc sng quang mt hng v thit lp
h thng theo 2 hng. Hnh v 2.1 ch ra mt h thng theo 2 hng, trong ti cc u
cui ca h thng c cc thit b tch ghp knh hn hp. Trong h thng ny 1, 2, ...,
N v 1, 2, ..., nm trn mt ca s truyn dn nhng thuc 2 di tn s khc nhau.
2.2. M hnh h thng WDM-PON
Hnh 2.2 M hnh tng qut ca mt h thng WDM-PON

Hnh 2.2 cho ta thy m hnh tng qut ca mt h thng WDM-PON. CO (Center
Office) cha nhiu b thu pht ti nhng ca s bc sng khc nhau cng vi mi ca
s bc sng pha thu to ra mt tuyn ng dnh ring hoc mt knh cho mt ngi
dng ring bit bng vic thng qua la chn ca s bc sng v ph thuc vo cc yu
t ti cc RN. Vic la chn ca s bc sng cng c th t c bng cch lc t pha
ngi dng. Kt ni lung ln c s dng tng t dnh ring cho mt knh bc
sng. Cng vi kin trc ny, cc b thu pht ti OLT v ONU cn hot ng ti tc d
liu trc tip t pha ngi dng. Tuy nhin, nhng u im trn i cng vi nhng thch
thc bi cc thit b thu pht ti cc im cui, in hnh l RN. Khi tch/ghp ca s
bc sng MUX, DEMUX c thc hin ti ODN.
32
RxN
n tt nghip i hc
Ti lung xung ca WDM-PON, trn hnh 2.2, cc knh bc sng c truyn t

OLT n ONU bng b ghp knh AWG trong AWG l mt thit b quang th ng th
hin c tnh tun hon.
Dnh cho lungRxN
ln, OLT s dng mt b phn knh cho cc tn hiu thu c t
lung ln. Mi ONU c trang b vi mt b thu v b pht thu hoc truyn tn hiu
vi cc bc sng tng ngTxN
ca n.
WDM-PON c xy dng da trn tnh c lp ca cc ca s bc sng khc
nhau trn cng mt si quang. Mi mt ONU ring bit trong h thng WDM-PON c
,1
cp ti nguyn bng rng trn mt bc sng. mt kha cnh khc, WDM-PON s m

t nhng c im ni bt ca m hnh P2MP (Point-to-multipoint) c th hin trn
hnh 2.3.
,N
1
KnhN
KnhN
Knh 1
Hnh 2.3 M hnh P2MP ca mng WDM-PON

Trong h thng WDM-PON trn hnh 2.3, mi cng ca AWG s ph thuc vo ca
s bc sng, v b thu pht quang trn mi ONU phi truyn ti tn hiu quang ch r
ca s bc sng c xc nh bi cng trn AWG. B thu pht quang
cng
Knh
1 vi ca s
bc sng th gi l b thu pht quang ph thuc vo bc sng.
AWG cn c cu thnh bi yu t l nhy ca nhit , cho nn h thng
WDM-PON s gp phi mt vi thch thc ln. Ngoi ra cn mt s yu t kh khn
33
n tt nghip i hc
khc ca WDM-PON nh gi thnh, vn thiu st khi iu khin bng thng t cc

ngi dng u cui.
2.2.1. u nhc im ca WDM-PON
u im
Thit b phn phi quang l th ng cho nn WDM-PON c chi ph bo tr thp v
tin cy cao. Mi ngi dng s nhn c mt bc sng ring bit cho nn WDMPON c tnh ring t rt tt. Kt ni P2P gia OLT v ONU c thc hin trong phm vi
bc sng. Khng yu cu iu khin truy nhp mi trng P2MP. D dng nng cp h
thng, nu tc OLT c tng ln, tt c cc ONU cng s c nng cp ti cng thi
im. Mi bc sng trong WDM-PON c th hot ng nhng tc khc nhau cng
nh nhng giao thc khc nhau.
Nhc im
Gi thnh cao i vi cc thit b WDM. Tuy nhin chi ph cho cc thit b WDM
hin nay gim i rt nhiu khin cho cng ngh WDM-PON c tnh kh thi hn. Hot
ng ca ONU khng ph thuc vo bc sng. Trong mt h thng WDM-PON, mi
ONU cn mt bc sng khc nhau cho kt ni ng ln. iu ny s nh hng
nghim trng ti vn hot ng v vn kinh t.
2.3. Cc kin trc WDM-PON
WDM c xut nh mt phng php i vi a truy nhp. Cc sng mang
quang khc nhau c s dng cp pht cho nhng ONU khc nhau. H thng WDM
c thit k a ra gii php cho si quang c s dng cho mi ONU, mi ONU s
nhn c thng tin ch dnh ring cho n. Vic nng cp mng trong tng lai c th
c thc hin mt cch n gin v c u im l tn hiu ring t v pht hin s c d
dng hn.
2.3.1. PON hn hp (CPON)
gii quyt gii hn m rng ca PON truyn thng, mt kin trc WDM-PON
sm nht c xut da trn hot ng ca AWG tn dng WDM trong bng tn 1550nm lung xung v bc sng lung ln trong bng 1300-nm kt hp TDMA. Trong khi
mt phin bn thit k trc ca kin trc ny s dng cc si quang ring bit cho lung
34
n tt nghip i hc
ln v lung xung , trong kin trc ny mt loi thit b tch hp c xut WDM
nh tuyn kt hp 2 ca s bc sng c lp cho hng ln v hng xung trn
cng mt si quang nh k thut CWDM. Kin trc ny c gi tt l CPON.
ONU1
My
pht v thu ca s b
1,2, ... N
iu ch ngun- WDM
.. Nknh th ng (ng xung)v b 2kt hp th ng

AWG-da trn 1,2,
b ghp
(hng l
ONU2
My pht v thu ca s b
Ch Burst n tn ti pha my thu
ONUN
My pht v
thu ca s
bc sng
c lp
Hnh 2.4 Kin trc PON hn hp
Trong kin trc CPON, My thu hot ng ch Burst c s dng ti OLT
nhn cc tn hiu ng ln, ng thi my thu ny cng s c yu cu ng b tn
hiu nh thi ca cc ONU vi nhng khong cch khc nhau t OLT. Ngoi ra kin trc
CPON cng trnh c nhng mt hn ch ti ng ln WDM nhng trong thc t th
CPON b hn ch bi laser n tn ti ONU nh laser phn hi phn b (DFB).
2.3.2. Kin trc WDM-PON cho LARNET
LARNET (mng nh tuyn truy nhp ni vng) c a ra trong hnh 2.5. Tn
hiu ng xung cng N ca s bc sng kt hp vi nhau ti CO c pht i bi
mt laser a tn trn si quang thng qua b ghp knh quang vi ca s bc sng l
1.3m hoc 1.5 m. Mt cch t mng ng dn sng 1xN nm bn trong RN gi cc
bc sng ph hp n nhng ONU khc nhau. Ti thng tin ng xung i qua b
35
n tt nghip i hc
phn knh quang v s c tch sng bi pha nhn. pha ng ln, ta s dng mt
LED pht x ca s bc sng 1.3m nh mt ngun pht c truyn i trn si
quang bi b ghp knh 1.3m v 1.5m. Nhng ph quang c ct nh ti RN nm
bn trong di tn khc nhau c xc nh bi AWG. i vi vic gim khong cch v
tc d liu, nhiu ca pht x t pht t mt ngun ri rc nh mt LED s khng c
vn g xy ra. Theo nguyn tc, cc tn hiu ng ln c th c tch knh quang
bi d liu ng ln t mi ONU c mang bi nhng ca s bc sng quang khc
nhau.
Hnh 2.5 Kin trc tng qut ca LARNet
Hnh 2.6 Cu to ca laser a tn (MFL)

Ngoi ra LARNet cung cp cc lin kt im im o i vi c hai lu lng
ng ln v ng xung cho php loi tr s cn thit ca TDM hoc cc nh dng
ghp knh sng mang con v kch hot thit b hot ng mng nng cp h thng t
c tc bit cao.
36
n tt nghip i hc
i vi vic trin khai ln u cng xut qu trnh ghp cc sng mang con
(SCM) hoc TDM tch lu lng ng ln. Khng c di no c yu cu i vi
SCM v s khng c bt c vn g v giao thoa gia cc sng mang.
Ch rng LARNet c nhiu im tng ng vi cu trc mng ang c trin
khai hin ti gi l RITENet (Thm d t xa ca mng thit b u cui). Trong kin trc
RITENet, mt b iu ch nm bn trong ONU s ghi nh thng tin ng ln trn mt
on sng mang lin tc ca tn hiu ng xung.
Nhc im ca kin trc ny l ph hp bi mt AWG c th mang li tn hao
cng sut cao v vy khong cch t ONT n ONU s gim i i vi kin trc LARNet.
2.3.3. Kin trc WDM-PON cho RITENET
Cc b iu ch quang c th cung cp tin cy, gi thnh tt thay th hiu qu cc
ngun laser trong cc thit b u cui t xa da trn cc h thng truy nhp ni vng.
Mt trong nhng h thng s dng cc b iu ch nh vy l RITENet, vi cu trc ny
cc tn hiu c to ra bi laser a tn (MFL) ti cc b OLT , c phn b iu
khin cc thit b ONT t xa bi mt b ghp knh cc bc sng, c iu ch ti cc
ONT t xa v quay tr li OLT thng qua tuyn ng song song trn cc b ghp knh.
RITENet cung cp s duy tr hot ng v cc u im v tnh bo mt v tnh ring t.
Ta c s ca kin trc nh sau
37
n tt nghip i hc
Hnh 2.7 Kin trc ca RITENET

Cc knh ca h thng c thit lp bi b ghp knh phn chia theo ca s bc
sng (WDM/R) ti RN. Ti CO, mt Laser iu hng, c ch ph hp vi WDM/R
v c tn hiu c iu ch cng vi gi d liu.
Ti ONU, nh sng c chia bi mt b chia th ng, vi mt phn nh sng s
c tch bi b thu, phn nh sng cn li s i qua b iu ch quay tr li CO. Cc
tn hiu ti hng ln v hng xung c chia s thng qua thi gian, ca s bc
sng, tn s sng mang con, nh dng, su iu ch, cch t, m ha. Mt b AWG
2x2N da trn b ghp knh ghp cc bc sng. Vi qu trnh ghp knh cc gi tin
ng ln s xy ra xung t da trn s khc nhau v di tuyn ng t RN n
ONU. Gii php ca vn ny l khc phc nhng hn ch ti ng ln ti CO hoc
sp xp cc gi tin nh mt tnh nng ca di tuyn ng quang.
C hai knh ng ln v ng xung c chia s bi cc ONU bng cch s
dng TDMA hoc cp pht bng thng ng.
Kin trc RITENet c mt s u im:
-
Cung cp tnh bo mt cho mng, cng sut tt v khuch i ca si quang;

SCM ngn chn s xung t ng ln. Hiu nng cao c th cung cp tnh sn
c nh vic m rng cc dch v nng cao n cho ngi s dng.
RITENet gip gim thiu chi ph kt cui ti ONU, khong cch t ONU n
OLT l rt nh. S lng cc si quang thc hin trong kin trc tng ln gp i.
Vic trin khai laser iu hng ti OLT lm cho RITENet s c chi ph cao hn
so vi LARNet v CPON. Tuy nhin, kin trc ny s cung cp bng thng mt
cch cn bng c ng ln v ng xung. Tn hiu ng ln khng chu s
ct lt ph ging nh LARNet.
2.3.4. Kin trc WDM-PON s dng AWG

2.3.4.1. Chc nng hot ng ca AWG
AWG l mt thit b th ng cng vi nhiu cng u vo v u ra. Thit b ny
c th thc hin phn knh, ghp knh, v chc nng ghp knh la chn di bc
sng quang. i vi bt c mt di bc sng hay cng u vo ca mt AWG, cng
38
n tt nghip i hc
u ra c quyt nh vi chc nng ghp knh ca n. Chc nng ghp knh c bn

ca AWG c th c xc nh nh sau:
Hnh 2.8 Tnh nng hot ng ca AWG
f 1
j 1 i 1
mod M
Trong i v j l th t cc cng u vo v u ra; M l kch c ca AWG. C v f

ln lt l cc ch s xc nh ca s bc sng tng ng, v
hai ca s bc sng lin k nhau. Ca s bc sng c bn,
basic
nu nh n c a n cng u vo i, gi tr ca f=1 i vi
l khong cch gia
, n ti cng u ra j
basic
. C c hiu rng,
s c C ca s bc sng hot ng vi chc nng ghp knh nh nhau v cng nm bn

trong gii ph t do (FSR).
Mt AWG c th hot ng nh mt b lc tun hon, vi mt ca s bc sng
tun hon ti mt khong c nh. Khong c nh c gi l FSR c xc nh:
FSR MC
. Trong mt AWG, cc gi d liu ca ca s bc sng ging nhau c
39
n tt nghip i hc
a vo AWG t nhng cng u vo khc nhau, c th c ghp knh n nhng cng

u ra khc nhau m khng xy ra xung t.
S khc nhau ca nhng ca s bc sng t cc cng u vo khc nhau c
ghp knh mt cng u ra, s dng cng thc sau:
0 c MC (i j) C
j i
0 c (i j) C
i j
Vi c c gii hn
0 c C 1
kin , M l kch c ca AWG,

0
v j, i l th t cng u ra/u vo tha mn iu
l khong cch gia hai ca s bc sng lin k nhau.
l ca s bc sng c bn.
2.3.4.2. Kin trc

Hnh 2.9 ch ra kin trc WDM-PON s dng AWG i vi ng ln v ng
xung. Kin trc bao gm 128 ONU v s dng 32 ca s bc sng. Lu lng ng
xung c truyn ti t OLT thng qua 2 tng ca AWG; tng 1 s dng mt AWG trong
khi tng 2 c s dng 2 AWG.
40
n tt nghip i hc
Hnh 2.9 Kin trc AWG s dng WDM-PON

i vi hot ng ng xung, s lng cng u ra trong tng 1 l 4 v cc ca
s bc sng c th c s dng li 4 ln. 32 ca s bc sng t bt c u vo no
c phn knh 8 cng u ra nh s dng FSR. Kt qu l, trong tng 1, mi cng u
ra c 4 ca s bc sng t cng u vo ging nhau. Tng cng s c 16 ca s bc
sng t 4 cng u vo. Trong tng 2, i vi 1 cng u vo , tt c di bc sng
c phn knh ton b t cc cng u vo i (i=17,33,49) n cc cng u ra (
i j i 15
).
i vi hot ng ng ln, s dng 2 thit b AWG tng 2 v thc hin phng

thc truy nhp TDMA kt hp WDM. Tuy nhin ng ln ta s s dng thm 2 b kt
hp tng 2 v trin khai trn si quang c tch ring, t tn hiu WDM (gi tin) t
tng 2 s c ghp knh s dng TDMA. Tip cc ONU c phn chia ti 2 cm,
mi cm gm 64 ONU v mi cm c kt ni n mt trong hai b AWG ti tng 2.
Trong mi cm ONU, mt ONU (ONU th n) truyn ti d liu ng ln ti mt ca s
bc sng, ca s bc sng ny c s dng nhn d liu ng xung t ONU
trc (ONU th n-1).
41
n tt nghip i hc
Hnh 2.10 Kin trc mng h tr dch v multicast v unicast

Hnh 2.10 th hin kin trc mng ca phng php lai ghp 2 tng AWG da trn
WDM-PON, n s h tr c hai dch v l unicast v multicast. OLT bao gm 2 thnh
phn. Ngun quang trong unicast bao gm mt ngn xp laser c nh, ni tp hp 32
laser c nh. Ca s bc sng c th c ti s dng i vi mi cng u vo AWG.
OLT chuyn tip cc khung d kiu unicast ti cc cng u ra unicast tng ng, da
trn ca s bc sng v cng AWG i vi mi ONU. Multicast gm 2 laser c nh v
2 khi multicast s c h tr bi mt phn lu lng thng qua cc knh unicast.
V bn cht, laser c nh th nht v khi multicast th nht c s dng
truyn ti gi tin multicast gc. Ca s bc sng ca multicast khng s dng di thng
chnh m s dng FSR lin k nhau.
C th s dng cng AWG ging nhau i vi c 2 lu lng unicast v multicast
trong mi ONU. Mt cch khc, laser c nh th hai v khi multicast th hai c s
dng truyn ti gi tin multicast, ni s chia s cc knh unicast mt cch chnh xc
tuyn ng nh tuyn.
42
n tt nghip i hc
2.3.5. DWDM Super PON (SPON)

Super Pon l s m rng ca PON khi m trong khi ODN xut hin thm cc
thit b tch cc nh cc b khuch i hoc cc trm lp. Super PON c xut c
tnh kinh t tt hn bi vic tng khong cch truyn dn ca h thng PON vt qu
20km v h tr t l b chia cao hn l 1:64 v thm ch l 1:128. Hu ht SPON c
trin khai Chu u. Kin trc SPON c p dng vi mt phm vi trn 100 km cng
mt t l phn chia cng sut ln n 2000 nh s h tr ca b khuch i quang (OA).
Cc b khuch i c t ti dy dn di do n c th cung cp cng sut cho h
thng. Tuy nhin, ca s bc sng c lp ca SPON c s gii hn v bng thng do
mt ca s bc sng c th c chia s bi nhiu ONU.
Kin trc a ra ny c c th hin trong hnh 2.11.
43
n tt nghip i hc
CW
44
n tt nghip i hc
Hnh 2.11 DWDM super-PON s dng ONU khng ph thuc bc sng

DWDM SPON c yu cu tng cng bng thng bi vic cung cp mt vi
ca s bc sng cho c ng ln v ng xung. Mi b chia s dng hai knh
DWDM, mt cho lung ln v mt cho lung xung, ONU s dng mt ngun chia s .
Mt b iu ch hp th in b khuch i quang bn dn (EAM-SOA) c th hot
ng nh mt ONU hot ng khng ph thuc vo bc sng, c s dng khng ch
cho qu trnh iu ch m cn cho c qu trnh khuch i.Ti trm lp s cha mt sng
mang lin tc (CW), sng mang ny s c a n b tin khuch i ri phn b mt
ngun quang ng ln n mi ONU. Tt c cc bc sng lung ln c khuch i
bi mt b khuch i EDFA trc khi c tch v mi b thu ti OLT.
Tuy nhin, SPON phi i mt vi mt vi thch thc:
Tc bit trong h thng PON s duy tr vic tng ln khi yu cu i vi pht
trin bng rng. Nng lng ti thiu cho mi bit c yu cu m bo BER.
iu c ngha l khi tng tc bit, cng sut yu cu s bng vi tc bit
v nng lng trn mi bit. Vic tng t l b chia v khong cch truyn dn s
lm tng s mt mt tn hiu gia OLT v ONU. Vi kt qu , tng cng sut
gia OLT v ONU l iu cn thit i vi SPON. Thc t, SPON yu cu cc b
khuch i cung cp cng sut mt cch tt nht.
B khuch i quang khng c sn ti cc bc sng 1.3/1.49 m trn c ng
ln v ng xung. Cng ngh khuch i quang mi nht c a ra l EDFA
lm vic ti bng C. Mc d cc cng ngh khuch i quang khc nh SOA hoc
RAMAN cng c th s dng. Nhng nhng cng ngh vn rt tn km v chi
ph. B khuch i RAMAN yu cu phi c dng bm cng sut ln v c hnh
nh nhiu b khuch i l ln.
B khuch i quang ng xung c th chia s n gin gia nhiu ONU. Tuy
nhin, chia s ng ln c th s gp phi mt s thch thc nh cc ONU
phi c t ti cc khong cch khc nhau cng vi s tn hao khc nhau trong
b khuch i quang. Ngoi ra, tc ng ln c gi trong ch burst, yu
cu b khuch i phi c kh nng iu khin nht nh.
45
n tt nghip i hc
nh hng ca tn sc xung quanh di bc sng 1.5 m l ng k, khi tc

bit v khong cch tng ln th tn sc cng s tng.
RTT tng ln gia OLT v ONU. i vi khong cch 20km, RTT l 200 s. i
vi 60km th thi gian s tng ln 600 s. Ti tc 1Gb th s tng ng vi
750.000 byte d liu. Khi tng RTT th cng s tng ln tr t bng thng
c yu cu n bng thng c cung cp.
2.4. Cc gii php ca WDM-PON
2.4.1. WDM-on-WDM
Vic s dng nhiu di ph t do (FSR) trong mt cch t mng ng dn sng AWG
gip mt AWG c th phn tch thnh nhiu ca s bc sng vi cc dch v n tng
ONU. CWDM c s dng ti OLT tch hp cc dch v c s dng bi cc gii
ph t do FSR khc nhau. Tng t mt CWDM ti ONU s phn chia dch v mt cch
ring bit iu c th hin di y.
Hnh 2.12 S dng CWDM kt hp v phn chia cc tn hiu quang thng qua di ph
t do (FSR) ca AWG
Ba dch v c cung cp thit lp:
Bng tn c s 50Mbps s cung cp cc dch v d liu, voice, video .

Hai s thit lp ca dch v qung b 80 knh c s dng trn 2 bc sng
trung tm l 1545 nm v 1565 nm. Cc tn hiu c iu ch trc tip vi k
46
n tt nghip i hc
thut iu ch sng mang con QPSK, u ra ca LED c khuch i cng vi

cng sut ln cung cp cho 1000 ngi s dng.
Dch v tc cao 2.5 Gbps OC-48 c cung cp bi laser DFB cng vi
nhng ca s bc sng nm trong di 1.5m.
2.4.2. Lai ghp WDM/TDM-PON
2.4.2.1. S dng trong ghp knh bc sng PON
WDM-PON gp phi mt s hn ch trong khi trin khai l gi thnh cao v b
gii hn trong mt vi phm vi bc sng. Khi s lng thit b s tng ln do phi
thit k thm cc laser cho mi lin kt ONU n mng.
Tuy vy khc phc vn ca WDM-POM th mt phng php tt hn c
trin khai l phng php lai ghp WDM/TDM-PON. V phng php c p dng
nhiu nht chnh l nhng TDM-PON vo bn trong WDM-PON dn n kh nng
mng dy c ca cc yu cu kt ni mng ngi dng. Ngoi ra phng php ny cn
c th tng kh nng m rng h thng PON.
Ta c s ca cu hnh WDM-TDM lai ghp
ONU
ONU
Giai on TDM
Giai on WDM
ONU
OLT
Giai on TDM
ONU
ONU
ONU
Hnh 2.13 Cu hnh WDM/TDM lai ghp

Mt phng php ng ch khc l s dng phng thc truy nhp bao gm chia
s mt ngn laser gia ONU c kt ni n mng (hnh 2.13). Trong trng hp ,
mi laser iu hng s iu khin cc bc sng khc nhau gi d liu da trn cc
47
n tt nghip i hc
ONU khc nhau. La chn ny cng gim gi thnh bi v khng cn cp pht mt laser
cho mi ONU tai OLT.
2.4.2.2. Trong mng truy nhp qung b v la chn bc sng
Trong trng hp ny, nng cp, thay i cng nn c trin khai trong OLT ti
CO hoc trong ONU ti v tr thu bao iu chnh h tng hin ti l nh nht.
48
n tt nghip i hc
49
n tt nghip i hc
Hnh 2.14 WDM/TDM

trong ng xung
ONUs
Mt phng php n gin v c hiu qu kinh t l ch thc hin trong lung
xung v b qua lung ln (lung ln da vo TDM) a ra trong hnh 2.15. OLT c
trang b cc laser truyn trn cc bc sng khc nhau, v ONU nn c cc b lc thay
i nhn trn bc sng c lp
OLT
B chia
Hnh 2.15 WDM/TDM trong ng ln

ci tin cp pht bng thng dnh cho lu lng ng xung (v d trong cu
trc ngang hng Peer-to-peer) (C)WDM c th c thc hin trong lung ln bng cch
thit k ONU vi cc b pht v OLT s dng cc my thu c nh.
50
n tt nghip i hcChng III: Ngun quang s dng trong WDM-PON
CHNG III: NGUN QUANG S DNG TRONG WDM-PON

3.1. Ngun quang khng ph thuc bc sng ca WDM-PON
Cng ngh s dng ONU khng ph thuc vo bc sng c nghin cu nh mt
cng ngh then cht i vi vic thit lp cc dch v bng rng n ngi dng. Cho n
nay, nhng ng dng c s dng vo i vi dch v FTTH. Qu trnh trin khai
WDM-PON ang c nghin cu nh mt m hnh mng vi s qun l, bo tr n
gin v chi ph hot ng thp. Vic thc hin tng th da trn khi nim colorless,
trong vic thit lp knh c ca s bc sng c lu tr ti CO. C l phn kh
khn nht t c l chi ph thp cho thit b thu pht ONU, n phi l nhng thit b
khng ph thuc vo bc sng. Mt ONU khng ph thuc bc sng h tr tt c
knh bc sng khi cn gim bt s hot ng v bo tr v gim thiu chi ph. C rt
nhiu phng php a dng v cc thit b c nghin cu. u tin l s dng mt
ngun sng bng rng (BLS) ging nh my pht, cng vi nhng tn hiu u ra ca
BLS c ct lt ph bi cc RN. Tuy nhin c mt vi vn chnh gy cn tr hiu
nng, l suy gim cng sut thng qua RN, tn sc, v gii hn nhiu do pht x t
pht. Cho nn phng php s dng b khuch i quang bn dn RSOA c
TXsnghin
cu su hn, cng vi s ci thin trong vic gim thiu s phn x u cui, tng tc
iu ch. Trong thc t, bt c mt h thng no cng s yu cu thit lp mt ngun
WDM ti CO.
3.2. Hot ng ca cng ngh ONU khng ph thuc bc sng
3.2.1. S dng ngun sng bng rng (BLS)
Mng quang th ng da trn ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng (WDM)
c nghin cu rng ri i vi FTTH, bi chng cung cp rng bng thng khng
gii hn n cc thu bao cng vi giao thc v tc bit trong sut. Tuy nhin, qu trnh
thc hin ca WDM-PON yu cu ngun WDM phi c hiu qu v kinh t. Gn y,
vic s dng Laser kha phun F-P c xut do y l phng php hiu qu
gim thiu vic thit lp v qun l gi thnh, bi ONT c th c hot ng m khng
ph thuc vo bc sng. thc hin WDM-PON da trn F-P LD, gi thnh ca BLS
l mt yu cu thit yu. BLS c th s dng LED, diode siu sng (SLD) hoc pht x t
51
pht c khuch i (ASE) ca b khuch i si quang pha Erbium. Ngun quang BLS
gi thnh kinh t c th c to ra bng vic s dng cc b laser F-P c bm qua li
vi nhau. Ni cch khc y chnh l ngun quang bng rng BLS cho laser F-P kha
bc sng. Phn nt t trong hnh 3.1 m t ngun quang BLS trong thc nghim vi
cu hnh nu. N bao gm 2 Laser F-P ph lp chng phn x, mt b coupler quang
t l 50:50 v 2 b cch ly quang. H s phn x ca mt trc, mt sau khoang cng
hng v khong cch mode ca laser 1 v 2 tng ng l 1% v 3% v 100GHz. Chiu
di si quang gia hai laser F-P l 50cm. u ra ca Laser F-P 1 c bm vo laser F-P
2 v ngc li. Vic s dng cc b iu khin phn cc v kt hp phn cc m bo
ngun quang BLS khng phn cc.
Hnh 3.1 Thit lp h thng WDM-PON da vo BLS

Hnh 3.2a cho thy ph quang ca tng laser trc khi c bm qua li ln nhau.
Khi s chnh lch bc sng gia laser 1 v laser 2 l 0.38 nm.
52
Hnh 3.2a Ph quang ca hai laser khi cha bm qua li ln nhau

ng bao ph 3dB ca mt mode ca tng laser nh hn 0.06nm. Sau khi bm
nh sng qua li gia hai laser, ng bao ph ca BLS m rng ln ti 0.2nm (hnh
3.2b). Ph u ra ca ngun quang BLS theo cu hnh trn c dng b ct lt. Bc sng
trung tm ca ngun quang BLS b dch v pha bc sng di hn so vi bc sng
trung tm ca tng laser c lp. iu ny l do dng ngng b gim i do lc ny laser
BLS c coi nh s c khoang cng hng di hn vi h s phn x 2 mt ln ti 30%
(do khoang cng hng ca 2 laser thnh phn hp li)
Hnh 3.2b Ph quang ca hai laser khi s dng BLS

kho st tnh kh thi ca ngun sng bng rng (BLS) theo cu hnh cho, ta i
xc nh c tnh nhiu cng tng i (RIN) ca mt mode trong s cc mode do
laser ny to ra.
53
Hnh 3.3 RIN ca mt mode trong s cc mode ca ngun BLS, RIN ca mode trong s
cc mode ca laser F-P v RIN ca ngun ASE ct lt ph.
c trng RIN ca tt c cc mode c cng sut nh hn khng qu 10dB so vi
cng sut nh l ging nhau. Hnh 3.3 cho thy RIN ca 1 mode ca BLS gim ng k
so vi RIN ca mt mode ca tng Laser F-P. Nguyn nhn l bi v gim thiu s dao
ng ca s lng cc ht photon trong mt mode v hai laser F-P thnh phn c chung
ca s pht x v cc ht photon c lu tr bn trong cc khoang cng hng c cu
hnh t 2 laser F-P ban u. c tnh RIN ca ngun BLS ny cng c so snh vi c
tnh RIN ca ngun ASE ct lt ph. rng ph ca ngun ASE ny l 0.2 nm, bng vi
rng ph ca ngun BLS. Tuy nhin, c tnh RIN ca ngun BLS thp hn ng k
so vi RIN ca ngun ASE.
M hnh thc nghim nghin cu cc c tnh kha bc sng ca ngun bng rng
BLS c cu to t cc laser F-P bm qua li c trnh by hnh 3.1. Tn hiu u ra
ca BLS c khuch i bi EDFA v c truyn qua 20km si n mode. Tip theo
tn hiu c lc bi b AWG v c bm cho cc laser F-P t ti ONT. Mt s AWG
khc c t ti CO thc hin tch knh quang cho hng ln. Khong cch knh
bc sng ca cc AWG l 100GHZ.
Trong truyn dn ng ln ca WDM-PON, ba knh bc sng trong di
(1560~1562.2nm) vi khong cch knh 100GHz c s dng. Laser F-P ti cc ONT s
iu ch trc tip d liu v truyn v CO.
54
3.2.2. S dng khuch i quang bn dn c phn x (RSOA)

H thng WDM-PON s dng khuch i quang bn dn c phn x (RSOA) nh
mt b pht quang. Trong h thng, ngun sng c cung cp t CO n RSOA, cc
sng mang quang bao gm mt cp cc ngun sng laser phn cc trc giao nhau trnh
s ph thuc v phn cc ca RSOA. Cc sng mang quang c th chia s bi mt vi h
thng WDM-PON tit kim chi ph. Ta s xc nh hiu nng ti pha pht ca RSOA,
tn hiu iu ch phn cc kt hp vi dng bm laser ti 1.25 Gbps, iu mang n
nh hng ca s kt hp gia tn x ngc Rayleigh v nhiu cng gy ra bi s
phn hi cc tn hiu quang.
Kin trc WDM-PON s dng RSOA nh mt b iu ch. Ngun laser lin tc t
mt laser n mode (SM-LD) c bm vo trong RSOA. Cc vn ca nhiu do pht
x t pht v tn sc nh sng c th c loi b bi ngun sng laser c bm vo
trong RSOA thay th bi ngun sng bng rng. xut ny c th c hiu qu v chi ph
do cng sut quang ca ngun laser lin tc (CW) c th c phn chia v chia s n
nhiu ngi dng.
Hnh 3.4 H thng WDM-PON s dng RSOA

Hnh 3.4 a ra kin trc ca WDM-PON s dng RSOA nh mt b pht. Cc
sng mang quang ca ngun sng s bm vo bn trong v c iu ch bi RSOA. Cc
55
sng mang quang c a n RSOA i vi c ng ln v ng xung. Cng sut

ca sng mang quang c ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng t OCSU (khi cung
cp sng mang quang) c phn chia bi mt b chia cng sut quang (splitter) v chia
s bi mt vi OLT tit kim chi ph cho OCSU.
Cng sut ca sng mang quang c th c khuch i bi b khuch i quang
nh EDFA hoc khuch i quang bn dn SOA. Trong kin trc ny, cch t mng ng
dn sng (AWG) v si quang c s dng ng thi i vi c ng ln v ng
xung. c tnh tun hon i vi ph bc sng trong AWG c s dng ng thi i
vi c hai bng pha pht. Trong hnh 3.3, sp xp cch t ca AWG i vi ca s
bc sng trong bng A v B l khc nhau, mi bng c s dng tng ng i vi
ng ln v ng xung. Cc sng mang quang trong mi nhnh A v B c bm vo
RSOA trong OLT v ONU tng ng, chng c khuch i v iu ch bi RSOA.
Pha ONU, RSOA nn c c tnh khng nhy phn cc hay cc dng bm nh
sng nn c loi b s phn cc v qu trnh phn cc c th c iu khin trong si
quang ca mng truy nhp, RSOA c th c h s khuch i cng sut khng nhy
phn cc bi iu khin bin dng hoc mt ct ngang ca ng dn sng tch cc trong
RSOA. Tuy nhin,h s khuch i cng sut khng nhy phn cc c th t c s
gim thiu chi ph hoc s thng ging hiu nng nh h s khuch i cng sut quang
ln v cc c tnh nhit cao. Sng mang quang bao gm cc ngun sng laser phn
cc trc giao nhau c bm vo trong RSOA trnh s ph thuc phn cc ca h s
khuch i cng sut quang.
n v cung cp sng mang quang (OCSU) gm 2 qu trnh thit lp mng ghp
knh phn chia theo bc sng ca ngun laser lin tc t SM-LD. Hai qu trnh thit lp
ngun sng vi phn cc trc giao nhau c th c kt hp nh b coupler 3dB hoc
b chia dng bm phn cc (PBS).
3.2.3. S dng ngun sng trung tm (CLS)
Kin trc ca ngun laser trung tm trong h thng WDM-PON c m t di
hnh 3.5.
56
Ngun laser chnh c s dng ti OLT nm bn trong CO hot ng nh mt sng

mang ca tn hiu DQPSK to ra bi b iu ch pha (MZM1 v MZM2) v b tin m
ha, sng mang c truyn i qua si n mode (SMF) vi khong cch 20km. Ti
ONU, tn hiu nhn c s c chia thnh 2 phn thng qua b chia cng sut quang,
mt phn ca tn hiu i n pha my thu DQPSK i vi qu trnh gii iu ch ca d
liu ng xung v mt phn khc s i n pha my pht d liu ng ln.
i vi tn hiu ng ln, cng sut tn hiu ng xung c s dng nh mt
sng mang i vi qu trnh ti iu ch ca d liu IRZ thng qua b iu ch cng
(MZM-3) v truyn ti v pha OLT. V tn hiu ng xung ca sng mang c ti s
dng i vi d liu ng ln cho nn s khng c bt c mt ngun sng ca ca s
bc sng dnh ring no c yu cu ti ONU.
Hnh 3.5 Kin trc ca ngun laser trung tm trong WDM-PON

DQPSK l mt cng ngh k thut rt ph bin c hiu sut ph v tc truyn ti
d liu cao. Do s pht i 2 bt trn mt k hiu nn s chim mt na rng ph c
yu cu so vi DPSK. Da vo s iu ch pha 4 mc, DQPSK s cung cp hiu nng tt
hn chng li hiu ng phi tuyn, gim thiu chi ph in iu khin cc thnh phn v
ci thin s linh hot i vi tn sc mode phn cc (PMD). Cng sut pht ca h thng
57
DQPSK cng s gp i so vi DPSK ti cng tc k hiu. Cng so snh vi iu ch

OOK (On off keying) th DQPSK cung cp hiu nng tt hn chng li cc hiu ng
phi tuyn v ci thin nhy my thu.
i vi qu trnh truyn dn ng xung ca DQPSK, chui nh phn gi ngu
nhin (PRBS) c s dng to ra d liu nh phn 10Gbps tn hiu in, tip theo
tn hiu s i qua b chuyn i ni tip sang song song (S/P) v b tin m ha.
Trong DQPSK, b tin m ha c s dng trnh s lp li qu trnh gii m,
gim thiu tnh phc tp ca phn cng v t c chnh xc ti my thu i
vi qu trnh gii iu ch v pht hin li.
Sau b tin m ha, tn hiu c phn chia n 2 lung 5Gbps vi 4 mu nh phn
(00,01,10,11) trn nhnh I v nhnh Q ca tn hiu DQPSK, tng ng vi 4 pha (0,
/2, , 3/2) hoc (/4, 3/4, 5/4,7/4).
Ti pha thu DQPSK, tn hiu c phn chia n 2 phn, mi phn gm mt b
giao thoa k c tr Mach-Zehner (MDZI) c s dng i vi vic thc hin s
lin kt v loi b cc tn hiu quang vi tr T v dch pha l /4 v -/4.
to ra cc pha trong nhnh I v nhnh Q, T=2/B c thit lp ti MZDI vi B l
tc bt pha pht. Hai b tch sng cn bng c s dng sau MZDI i vi qu
trnh gn vo cc pha khc nhau trong nhnh I v nhnh Q ca DQPSK, cui cng l
thit b phn tch tc li bt BER c s dng.
58
Hnh 3.6 Cu hnh my pht i vi MZM c mc song song v ni tip
Hnh 3.7 Cu hnh pha my thu i vi MZM c mc song song v ni tip

Trn hnh 3.6 cu hnh pha my pht DQPSK i vi MZM c mc song song v
ni tip tng ng vi cu hnh pha my thu ca MZM c mc song song v ni tip
ca tn hiu DQPSK trn hnh 3.7. Trong cu hnh DQPSK ny, ta s t c nhy
ca b thu tt hn so vi h thng DQPSK c thit lp bi.
59
n tt nghip i hcChng IV: M phng h thng WDM-PON
CHNG IV : M PHNG H THNG WDM-PON S DNG NGUN

SNG BNG RNG DA TRN OPTISYSTEM
4.1. Gii thiu v phn mm Optisystem
4.1.1. Tng quan
OptiSystem l mt phn mm m phng c th gim thiu cc yu cu v thi gian
vdecrease cost related to the design of optical systems, gim chi ph lin quan n thit
k ca cc h thng quang hc,links, and components. lin kt, v cc thnh
phn.OptiSystem is an innovative, OptiSystem l mt s sng to v l cng c thit k
phn mm mnh m that enables users to plan, test, and simulate almostcho php ngi
dng lp k hoch, kim tra, v m phng gn nhevery type of optical link in the
transmission layer of a tt c cc loi lin kt quang hc trong lp truyn dn ca mt
broad spectrum of optical networks from LAN, SAN,ph rng ca cc mng quang hc t
mng LAN, SAN, MAN to ultra-long-haul.MAN siu ng di. NIt offers transmission
layer cung cp cc lp truyn dn optical communication system design and
planningthit k v quy hoch h thng giao tip quang hcfrom component to system
level, and visually presents t cc thnh phn h thng cp, v trc quan trnh byanalysis
and scenarios. phn tch v kch bn, hIts integration with otheri nhp ca n vi
ccOptiwave products and design tools of industry leading sn phm Optiwave v cng
c thit k ca ngnh cng nghip hng u v electronic design automation software all
contributein t phn mm, thit k t ng ha.
4.1.2. ng dng
Optisystem c Created to address the needs of research scientists,to ra p
ng nhu cu ca cc nh khoa hc nghin cu,optical telecom engineers, system
integrators, students k s vin thng quang hc, cc nh tch hp h thng, sinh vinand
a wide variety of other users, OptiSystem satisfies the v mt lot cc ngi dng khc,
OptiSystem p ng ccdemand of the evolving photonics market for a powerful nhu cu
ca th trng lng t nh sng pht trin mnh myet easy to use optical system design
tool. nhng vn d s dng cng c thit k h thng quang hc.
60
Opti SystemOptiSystem enables users to plan, test, and simulate:OptiSystem cho

php ngi dng lp k hoch, kim tra, v m phng:
WDM/TDM hoc CATV thit k mng

SONET / SDH vng thit k
Transmitter, knh, b khuch i, v thit k nhn
Thit k bn phn tn
S nh gi ca BER v hnh pht h thng khc nhau m hnh
WDM/TDM or CATV network design4.1.3 Cc c tnh mi trong Optisystem

The latest version of OptiSystem features a number ofPhin bn mi nht ca
OptiSystem tnh nng mt snew features and enhancements to address the design tnh
nng mi v ci tin gii quyt cc thit kof passive optical network (PON)
architectures using mng quang th ng (PON) kin trc bng cch s dngorthogonal
frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) phn chia tn s trc giao ghp (OFDM)signals,
optical coherent detection systems and injection- tn hiu, h thng pht hin quang hc
mch lc v timlocked Fabry-Perot laser diodes (FP LD). kha Fabry-Perot tia laser it
(FP LD).
Cc c tnh mi nh:
fabry-perot LaserFabry-Perot Laser
A new model of a wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laserDuobinary, CSRZ and
DpSK TransmittersDuobinary, CSRZ and DPSK Transmitters

OfDM Modulator/DemodulatorB iu ch v b gii iu chOFDM
Yb Doped Fiber Dynamic
Bi-Darectional AWG
Microwave componenst
4.1.4. Hng dn s dng Optisystem

4.1.4.1. Th mc OptiSystem
Theo mc nh, ngi ci t OptiSystem to ra mt th mc OptiSystem trn a
cng ca cc bn. Th mc OptiSystem cha ng nhng th mc sau y:
/bin executable files, dynamic linked libraries, and help files
/components OptiSystem component parameters from vendors
/doc OptiSystem support documentation
61
/libraries OptiSystem component libraries

/samples OptiSystem example files
/toolbox MATLAB related files
4.1.4.2. Optiwave System GUI
Hnh 4.1 Giao din s dng Optisystem

4.1.4.3. Nhng phn chnh ca GUI
OptiSystem GUI cha nhng phn chnh sau y:
Project layout
Dockers
-
Component Library
Project Browser
Description
Status bar
4.2. M hnh h thng WDM-PON
4.2.1. Kch bn m phng
Ngun d liu 2.5 Gbps c cu hnh trong OLT s dng phn mm m phng
Optisystem. Hnh 4.2 a ra s m phng ca h thng WDM-PON . Trong h
62
thng WDM-PON bao gm mt my pht WDM, b ghp knh, phn knh, mt b

khuch i quang bn dn c phn x RSOA v mt b iu ch ngoi MZM. Ngun sng
bng rng c cung cp chui bt nh phn, b to dng xung NRZ kt hp vi b iu
ch ngoi MZM. Pha thu gm 4 ONU tng ng vi 4 User, bn ca s bc sng vi
khong cch gia cc knh l 100GHz c s dng trong qu trnh m phng.
4.2.2. S thit k ca h thng WDM-PON
Hnh 4.2 S m phng h thng WDM-PON

Chc nng ca tng khi
Pha pht tn hiu ng xung ti CO
63
Hnh 4.3 Khi pht tn hiu ng xung

Trong khi pht tn hiu ng xung c nhng thnh phn chnh l khi ghp knh
AWG vi ngun pht l 4 laser n sc ph hp kt hp vi b iu ch ngoi MZM.
Ngoi ra s dng thm cc thit b phn tch ph quang v o cng sut quang.
Hnh 4.4 Ngun pht

Pha thu tn hiu ti ONT
64
Hnh 4.5 Khi thu tn hiu

Trong khi thu tn hiu c nhng thnh phn chnh l b tch knh quang AWG
lc ng knh thng tin mong mun. B chia cng sut (Splitter) c chia lm 2 nhnh,
mt nhnh a tn hiu n pha my thu Rx xc nh cht lng ca tn hiu thng
qua t s tn hiu trn tp m (BER), nhnh cn li s ni n b khuch i bn dn c
phn x (RSOA) phn x tn hiu quay ngc tr li. Ngoi ra s dng b ghp knh
AWG ti ng ln ghp cc bc sng phn x ngc tr li t RSOA.
Hnh 4.6 S khi pha my thu
65
Pha thu tn hiu ti ng ln
Hnh 4.7 Pha thu tn hiu ti ng ln

4.2.3. Tham s m phng
4.2.3.1. Dung lng truyn dn v s lng knh
Theo yu cu ca bi ton chng ta cn thit k h thng thng tin quang c dung
lng mt knh 2.5 Gbit/s.
Hnh 4.8 Tc bt ngun pht

S lng knh: N = 4 (knh) t 1 n 4
Tc truyn tn hiu trn mi knh: B = 2.5 Gbit/s.
Chiu di chui: 128 bt
66
S mu trong mt bt : 64
S lng mu = chiu di chui x s mu trong mt bt = 128 x 64 = 8192
4.2.3.2. La chn bc sng cng tc v khong cch knh
Bc sng cng tc: c = 193.1 Hz.
Khong cch knh: Dl = 100 GHz

Ta c:
f .2
0,8 nm
c
Trong : = 1550 nm (l bc sng trung tm ca bng C)

Tng bng thng s dng = 4 x 0,8 = 3,2 nm
Vy ta c:
1 1550nm 1 193.1Hz
3 1551, 6nm 3 193.3Hz
2 1550,8nm 2 193.2Hz
4 1552, 4nm 4 193.4Hz
Hnh 4.9 Tham s b ghp knh AWG

Tham s ca ngun RSOA phn x ngc tr li
67
Hnh 4.10 Tham s ca RSOA
4.2.3.3. Si quang truyn dn (SMF)

Reference wavelength (Bc sng tham kho) = 1550 nm.
Length (Chiu di si) = 20 km.
Attenuation (S suy hao) = 0.2 dB/km.
Dispersion (S tn sc) = 17 ps/nm2/km.
Dispersion Slope ( dc tn sc) = 0.075 ps/nm/km.
4.3. Thc hin m phng
Sau khi m phng ta c kt qu ca ph u vo v u ra ca tn hiu AWG sau
khi i qua si quang
Hnh 4.11 Ph ca tn hiu ng xung ti u vo v u ra

Bn knh thng tin ln lt l 193.1 Hz, 193.2Hz, 193.3 Hz, 193.4 Hz vi khong
cch gia cc knh bc sng l 100GHz.
Cng sut quang ca tn hiu ng xung bao gm 2 thnh phn, thnh phn tn
hiu ghp knh ti b AWG c cng sut 1.861 mW tng ng vi 2,698 dBm. Ta thy
sau khi tn hiu i qua si quang th tn hiu s b suy hao do tn hao ghp knh cho nn
cng sut quang sau khi ghp knh s b gim xung l -1,302 dBm.
68
Hnh 4.12 Cng sut quang ng xung

Tn hiu o c u ra b chia knh c a ti 4 ONU. Di y l tn hiu
ca 4 knh.
69
i
Hnh 4.13 Tn hiu c a ti ONU1, ONU2, ONU3, ONU4
Kho st tn hiu thu c ti ONU1 bng b phn tch t l li bt BER
(a) Biu mt v ng cong ca hm Q
(b) Gi tr ca biu mt v ng cong hm Q

70
Hnh 4.14 nh gi cht lng tn hiu ng xung ti ONU 1 qua BER

Ta nhn thy vi gi tr Min.BER = 0 tc l cht lng tn hiu tt v khng c li
xy ra cho nn biu mt nhn rt r nt.
Tip theo ta i kho st ng ln khi tn hiu c phn x ngc tr li t b
khuch i quang c phn x (RSOA).
Hnh 4.15 Ph u ra sau khi ghp knh ti ng ln

Ta thy ph u ra ca 4 knh bc sng sau khi qua si quang ti ng ln c
m rng do nh hng ca tn sc sau khi i qua si quang.
Tng t ph ca tng bc sng sau khi c ghp knh ng ln cng rng.
Bc sng trung tm b dch v pha bc sng di hn so vi bc sng trung tm ca
tng laser c lp.
71
Hnh 4.16 Ph ca mi knh bc sng sau khi phn knh

Kho st tn hiu thu c ti ng ln vi ONU1, tc l ti OLT c pht ln bi
ngun quang RSOA
(a) Biu mt v ng cong hm Q
(b) Gi tr ca biu mt v hm Q
72
Hnh 4.17 Tn hiu thu c ti ng ln ca ONU1

Ta thy vi Min.BER = 1.24e-034 th tn hiu thu c l tt, biu mt nhn kh
r nt.
4.4. Kt lun chng IV
Chng ny trnh by chi tit v qu trnh m phng h thng WDM-PON hot
ng tc 2.5 Gbps v truyn vi khong cch 20km s dng ngun sng bng rng
BLS thng qua cc thit b phn tch ph quang xc nh ph ca tn hiu, my o
cng sut xc nh cng sut sau khi ghp knh v sau khi i qua si quang. Qua
xc nh nhng nh hng n ng truyn nh suy hao, tn sc, tn hao sau khi ghp
knh t ta s nh gi v kho st cht lng ca tn hiu ca ng ln v ng
xung trong h thng WDM-PON da trn biu mt v gi tr ca hm Q thng qua
thit b phn tch t l li bt BER. Kt qu m phng cho thy thnh phn tn hiu ghp
knh ti b AWG c cng sut 1.861 mW tng ng vi 2,698 dBm s b gim i do
tn hao ghp knh, khi cng sut sau khi ghp knh s ch cn -1,302 dBm. Ngoi ra
ph ca 4 bc sng sau khi n sau khi ghp knh s b m rng ra do nh hng ca
tn sc trn ng truyn. Cht lng tn hiu nhn c pha thu c ng ln v
ng xung l kh tt sau khi c phn tch thng qua biu mt v gi tr Min.BER
= 1.24e-034.
73
n tt nghip i hc
Kt lun
KT LUN
Trong cc gii php mng PON, gii php WDM-PON hin ang l gii php quan
trng v hiu qu nht cung cp bng thng cho tng ngi s dng u cui cho
mng truy nhp. Nhiu nh sn xut, cng ty vin thng ln u c nhng hng i ring
trong vic pht trin cng ngh WDM-PON, v cc nh pht trin cng ngh ny ang
ch yu tp trung vo vic lm th no gim c gi thnh ca WDM-PON. V vy
trong phm vi n ny, em xin trnh by mt cch nhn tng th v cng ngh WDMPON. n tp trung vo kha cnh nh cc kin trc mng, cc gii php cho cng ngh
v c bit l s dng ngun quang trong h thng WDM-PON.
n trnh by c nhng vn sau:
Gii thiu tng quan v mng truy nhp. ng thi gii thiu v cc thit b cng
ngh c xut.
Trnh by v cc kin trc ca WDM-PON, cc u nhc im ca tng kin trc
v cc gii php cho WDM-PON thy rng WDM-PON l mt cng ngh ha
hn y trin vng trong tng lai.
Trnh by v vic s dng ngun quang trong h thng WDM-PON qua a ra
kch bn m phng nh gi cht lng ca tn hiu ca h thng.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n, do thi gian c hn nn em cng ch tm hiu c
nhng ni dung khi qut v thit b, kin trc v gii php ca WDM-PON. Vic tm
hiu cc vn i hi phi c kin thc su rng v lu di. Do kin thc cn hn ch
nn n khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Rt mong nhn c s ch bo, gp ca thy
c v cc bn.
74
n tt nghip i hc
Ti liu tham kho
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Josep Prat, Next Generation FTTH Passive Networks Researchers Towards
Unlimited BandWidth Access, Universital Politecnica Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, 2008.
[2] Y.C.Chung, Recent Advancement in WDM-PON Technology, KAIST, Department of
Electrical Engineering, 2011.
[3] Min Cen, Master of Science Thesis Stockholm : Study on Supervision of
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks Systems, Sweden, 2011.
[4] Optical WDM Networks, Springer, University of California, 2006.
[5] Principles and Issues of Colorless WDM-PON, Mohammad Suyhaimi Abrahman,
Falhat Shatami, 10/2013.
[6] WDM-PON: systems and technologies, Ning Cheng and Frank Effenberger,
Advanced Technology Department US Center, Huiwei Technologies, 2010.
75

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n tt nghip i hc

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

1.2.2.1. Phn loi theo chiu di cp..............................................................................7

3.1. Ngun quang khng ph thuc bc sng ca WDM-PON.............................38

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Phng thc truyn d b

Bit Error Rate

Code Division Multiplexing

a truy nhp phn chia theo

Electric Absorb Modulator

Frequency Division Multiplexing

a truy nhp phn chia theo

Local Access Routing Network

Mng nh tuyn truy nhp ni

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Diot pht quang

Mng truy nhp quang

Optical Distribution Network

Mng phn phi quang

Single Mode Laser

Time Division Multiplexing

Time Division Multiple Access

Ghp knh phn chia theo thi

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Ghp knh phn chia theo

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Hnh 2.4 Kin trc PON hn hp............................................................................25

Hnh 4.2 S m phng h thng WDM-PON.....................................................50

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG TRUY NHP

thng truy nhp c.

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

Hnh 1.1 Cu trc mng truy nhp hin i

Hnh 1.2 Cu trc cp ng

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

Truy nhp v tuyn khng dy

Hnh 1.4 M hnh s dng cng ngh WLAN

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

trng, ca cc thit b pht tn hiu radio khc.Tc ca mng khng dy hin ti vn

Mng truy nhp cp quang

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

Hnh 1.5 S khi mng truy nhp quang

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

1.2. Gii php FTTx cho mng th ng

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

Hnh 1.6 Phn loi mng FTTx theo chiu di cp quang

1.2.3. u nhc im ca mng FTTx

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1

Chng I: Tng quan v mng truy nhp

Hnh 1.7 Mng quang th ng PON.

SVTH: H TRNG THY D11VT1