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Huns and Xingn: New Thoughts on an Old Problem


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Dubitando: Studies in History and Culture in Honor of Donald Ostrowski. Brian J. Boeck,
Russell E. Martin, and Daniel Rowland, eds. Bloomington, IN: Slavica Publishers, 2012,
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34

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36

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38

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CHRISTOPHER P. ATWOOD

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)%L"L&!L+'L#"L"#&L#LLE L#<FL(L#(&L"#&L+'L"#(L"L
"<L )(L "L ";L "L (L ,&L 535<L #"L !&"('L +&L +&("L #)(L
"L ((L E L (L ( 'L #L #+L "L &<L (L +#) L L L '(#&,L #L ('L
"L+#>L,#)L*L"#L+ (L&#!L(F :7K"#&L,L597LL"'L&'L!I
$&#*L !);L ,L #"(&'(L "L +'L )"&L (L $#+&) L "L '( L )$(L
!$&;L (#)L""L!&"('L"L(&L(&L"L"(& L'L"L)'I
'L *L (##L #"L "L " (L ,L '(#&"'<:8L "L +'L $&# ,L (L ) I
(!(L'("(#"L"L*+L#&L(L!#",L)'L(#L$,L#&L(LE##'L#L';FLL
Conclusions
,L#" )'#"'L!,LL')!!&-L& ,L& ,L"L(L#&!L#L&("L"I
((#"'L"L'(#& L$&#$#'(#"'=L

3;L "'&(L " "L &L   L &L (&"'&$(#"'L #L (L +#&L
 !L <L (&"'&L "L  L "'L 'L + # L ?*&"(=L
+ # @;L"'&(L+&(&'L+&L)'"L('L(&!L+ L#&L",L!I
&(#"L #L (L /""0L &#!L #"# ;L ,L !,L *L &"L
#)(L (L /""0L "#(L *L (L E L #FL )(L *L (L )"I
)"""L&#)(;L
4;L "'&(L " +'L &L ,L &'L "L (& 'L  L ?  L
"'L *  @<L L (&!L ((L +'L $&# ,L )'L #&L (L &L #L
/""0L"#!'L,L(L&'(L"()&,L;;L" ,L"L(L#)&(L"I
()&,L;;LL('L)""HD""L#!LL!((&L#L!!(L
$# ( L!$#&(";L
5;L #". (1L 'L (#L L &L 'L ;L (L 'L L  #'L & (*L #L

#&-!"."L"LL ;L L&*L&#!L"L#&" L"I


'&(L" .L
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
:5

LL L''.&<L
 .  <L464J6:;L
L& 'L ;L &#+<L (&"';<L . . . .  L ?3:37>L &$&;<L &"(* <L
=L*# )(#"L) '"<L4228@<L7:<LG58J59@;L
:7
L"""<L EL (L #L (L #"L ""(L ((&'<FL 829<L ("L ""(L ((&L <L
52J53;L
:8
L<L #+*&<L #((L !&#"L *<L L  .   . .  .  . . .  ).
%&&$-%'$$L? "=L& <L4224@;L
:6

HUNS AND XINGN

(,7 7 7 ,,7 ')&-7 7 #7 7  #27  $  57
  7 7 -7 7 ! 7  7  7 /  .7  6
 .07   7  #7 7  7  7 7   7  ,7
7777 77 7  #7 #7 7 6
7777!7#,7
),7  7 7')&77 7 7 -7 7 7'+)777
 7 -7 7 !7 


7  7   7 7
 7 7 7  7 7 7 7  7 7 7  7
,7
*,7 7 7 7 !7  7 

7 !7   7
7 -77   $7 7

7/ 7 

0,7
7  6
77 7    7  77 7 77 
777
 77777   777  ,777 # 7
7  7 !7 7 7 "7 / # 7 
-7 6
 7 
07 7 7 7 7  7 7 
7 /!7


07777,7
+,7 7 7 


 7 7 7   -7 7
7 7   7 7  7

 -7 7 7 77


 
-7 7777 777  7-7
3%%,47

49

50

CHRISTOPHER P. ATWOOD

Table 1
 !9
!9
&9
&89

9
A7!9
@A79
A79

99
9/---39 2#299
9/---39 2#29"9
9/---49 2#9'9

9
Table 2
 !9
9

9
777!9

9
&!9569

 "9

77 $9

 ,9

!%"9

7!%$!9

!(!9

!9

7%!9

!9

 !!#9

$!% !@9

 &!#9

&9

'!79

&9

#9

!7@9

#9



%!9

9

&&9

A77'9

229

*9

+79

&9

&#9

+7@9

229

%&9

@%!%7B9

#%&9

9
)!9.11.49
0.9
9/---39 2#29
 "9
9/---39 2#9
!"9
9/---39 2#29
9
9/---39 2#29
 !#9
9/---39 2#29
''9
9/---39 2#29
9
9/---39 2#29
9
9/---39 2#29
'8"7"9
9/---39 2#29
+9
9/---39 2#29
+#9
9/---39 2#29
#%99

HUNS AND XINGN

Table 3

6
6 6
4 +016

51

-666
4+5#6

-6

6 6

6
6
-66
()6
6
-66
*&66

6
4 +6
6
/6
(6
-6/6
016
-666
36
6
6

-6

6
6

-6
/6
 6
6

-6
/6
6
0 .6
;16,6
/6*6
-6

-6/6
016
6

-6
!/6
$!%6
0!316

-6/6
6
6

-666
366
-6/6
26

6
6

-66
%"6
6
-66
%66
6

/6
6

Table 4
6 6
/6 !6-6
6
6

/6 !(6
6
6

6 6
-6
!/6!!36
-6/66
-6/6(6

52

CHRISTOPHER P. ATWOOD

Table 5
2 2
/-2

02
/2
2
2
2

2
2
/-2.22

 2 2


.2 2
-22"!422
2
2
2

2 2
-22&22

-2.2%2
-2.22
2

22 2*1+2
22 22#2 22..(+'1)''2
2,2 22
.2,22
 .2,2 2
.2,22
.2,2$2
.2,22
2,222
2,222

.2,2
 2
.2,22 2
.2,2 2
.2,2 2
#.2,2 #2
-22 2
2

2
2
2

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