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COAL PETROGRAPHIC CONTROL ON COAL COMBUSTION PROFILE

YANUAR YUDHI ISWORO-


Supervisor: Prof.Steve Jeon; DR.Herudiyanto
FEB 20th 2015

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

COAL COMPOSITION CHARACTERIZATION


(Physical, Chemical, Thermal, Mechanical-Properties)

Physical Properties

Density, Spesific Gravity, Pore Structure,


Surface Area, Reflectivity

Chemical Properties

Carbon (C), H, O, N, S (Ultimate Analysis),


Proximate Analysis, Ash Analysis

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

SOME REFERENCE STATEMENTS


NO-CHAPTER

STATEMENTS

EXPLANATION

Abstract-1

Combustion profile parameters of coal samples and


chars were correlated with Petrographic, Proximate
and Ultimate Analysis data in order to establish the
combustion differences of the samples.

Abstract-2

The results indicated that only the combustion


profile parameters of ignition and burnoff
temperatures of coal were correlated with H/C
ratio, fuel ratio and petrofactor

Abstract-3

The amount of total reactive macerals showed a


strong relationship with char reactivity for the same
rank coal samples.

Abstract-4

Petrofactor, showed a strong relationship with char Petrofactor


reactivity for the whole range of coal samples
(Pf)=(Rm/reactive
macerals)*100
Rm : Mean Reflectance

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

SOME REFERENCE STATEMENTS


NO-CHAPTER

STATEMENTS

EXPLANATION

Intro-1

Petrographically, the organic constituents*) of coal *) means Macerals


are classified as reactive and inert

Intro-2

Major coal characteristics (calorific value,


grindability, ash properties, char reactivity) are
related to rank and petrographic composition in
combustion

Intro-3

The thermal properties of coal (e.g. ignition


temperature) strongly depend on coal rank, and
Petrographic analysis is also important in explaining
the inefficient combustion of coals and the
optimization of combustion

Abstract-4

Petrofactor, showed a strong relationship with char Petrofactor


reactivity for the whole range of coal samples
(Pf)=(Rm/reactive
macerals)*100
Rm : Mean Reflectance

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

COAL PETROGRAPHIC TO COAL COMBUSTION


Coal Combustion Character Profile

A 10 0.1 mg Coal Sample was


heated to 850C at 10 K/min in air
with air fllow rate of 15 cm3/min

Hypothesis

Definition

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Literature Study

Coal Samples

0.8

Adaro, CO2 100%


1100K
1223K
1400K
1550K

Reactivity (1/min)

0.6

Pulverized to -200mesh, Float


materials with 1.5 g/cm3

0.4

0.2

0.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Time (min)

Proximate & Ultimate Analysis

Thermo gravimetric Analysis

Prox: Fuel Ratio


Ult: H/C Ratio

Initial Temp, Burnout Temp


Combustion Kinetic

Petrographic Analysis
Maceral Analysis-Reactivity
Maceral Reflectance
Petrofactor

Hypothesis

Definition

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Literature Study

THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Coal Sample
Char Making

10mg Coal heated to 700


C at 10 K min-1, in N2 at
15 cm3 min-1

Heated to 850C at 10 K
min-1, in air, Flow Rate
15 cm3 min-1

Initial Temperature

Peak Temperature

Switched to air 500 C,


15cm3min-1

Char Reactivity
R = (-1/Wo)(dW/Dt)

Burnoff Temperature

Definition
Literature Study

Hypothesis

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis


EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

1. Coal Sample
- Ground sample to -200 mesh (75m)
- Do Proximate Analysis (Measured Fuel Ratio, FC/VM)
- Do Ultimate Analysis (Measured H/C Ratio)

2. Petrographic Analysis
- Prepared polished block sample based on standard method (ASTM & ISO)
- Maceral Analysis & Reflectance; Maceral classified into Vitrinite, Liptinite, & Inertinite
(Semi-Fusinite)
- Calculate Petrofactor; Pf = (Rm/Reactive Macerals)*100; Rm represent Mean
Reflectance, Reactive Macerals (Vitrinite, Liptinite, and Fusible Inertinite)
3. Thermogravimetric Analysis
- 10 0.1 mg coal heated to 850C at 10 K/min in air, with flow rate 15 cm3/min
- From TGA result, calculate: Ti (Initial Temperature where mass loss reaches 1%/min);
Tp (Peak Temperature at the maximum weight loss rate); T1/2 (Temperature at which
50% burnoff), Tb (Burnout temperature where DTG curve reaches a 1% combustion
rate at the tail-end of the curve)
- Calculate Activation Energy (Ea) using Arrhenius Equation

Definition
Literature Study

Hypothesis

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis


EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

3. Thermogravimetric Analysis
- Prepared Char Samples to Analyze Char Reactivity Using TGA; 10 mg Coal sample heat
to 700C at 10 K/min in Nitrogen with flow rate of 15 cm3/min then switch to air at
the same flow rate following cooling of the furnace to 500C for char reactivity
calculation
- Calculate Char Reactivity Coefficient (R); R = (-1/Wo)(dW/dt); Wo is the Initial mass of
char and dW/dt is the maximum rate of mass loss, %/min

Definition
Literature Study

Hypothesis

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Char Reactivity

Using TGA., 10 mg coal heated to 700C at 10 K/Min in


Nitrogen condition, with a flow rate of 15 cm3/min; The
Atmosphere was switched to air to get acessed of O2 to
react internally to get perfect Char Combustion into pores,
Then the System cooling down

Hypothesis

Definition

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Literature Study

COAL PETROGRAPHIC METHOD

Coal Bulk Sample

Cutted Sample
Sample Cutting

Microscopically Evaluation

Maceral Type

Coal Thin Section Sample

Char Morphology

Definition
Literature Study

Hypothesis

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

COAL PETROGRAPHIC METHOD-OPTICAL BASIC WORK

Definition
Literature Study

Hypothesis

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

COAL PETROGRAPHIC METHOD-OPTICAL BASIC WORK

Hypothesis

Definition

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Literature Study

COAL PETROGRAPHIC METHOD


FIGURES

EXPLANATION

Maceral Identification
Maceral Quantitatively Report

Maceral Identification
Maceral Reflectance

Hypothesis

Definition

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Literature Study

PROXIMATE & ULTIMATE ANALYSIS


Sample No
6
7

Parameter
Proximate
(d.b.) wt%
Ash
Volatiles
Fixed Carbon
Fuel Ratio

11.1
25.3
63.6
2.51

6.2
27.0
66.8
2.47

9.6
27.3
63.0
2.31

5.2
24.8
70.0
2.82

7.6
28.5
63.9
2.24

5.3
31.1
63.7
2.05

Ultimate
(d.b.) wt%
C
H
N
O
S
H/C ratio

77.2
4.6
0.8
6.3
0.7
0.72

81.9
4.5
0.8
6.6
0.5
0.66

78.9
4.3
0.9
6.2
0.6
0.65

83.8
4.5
0.6
5.9
0.4
0.64

80.7
4.4
0.7
6.6
0.4
0.65

82.4
4.8
0.7
6.8
1
0.70

10

11

12

9.5
27.7
62.7
2.26

7.9
28.7
63.4
2.21

5.1
36.5
58.4
1.60

3.8
34.9
61.4
1.76

10.4
29.2
60.4
2.07

8.0
38.1
53.8
1.41

79.4
4.3
1.1
5.7
0.6
0.65

80.3
4.6
0.9
6.2
0.7
0.69

78.8
4.8
0.9
7
0.8
0.73

83.7
4.8
0.9
7
0.8
0.69

77.6
4.4
0.8
6.8
1.1
0.68

72.4
4.5
0.6
14.5
0.6
0.75

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis


PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

SOME REFERENCE STATEMENTS

NO-CHAPTER

STATEMENTS

Experimental-1

Petrofactor, combining both maceral and rank data

Experimental-2

Reactive macerals include vitrinite, liptinite, and fusible


inertinite

Experimental-3

The effect of reflectance on Petrofactor was considerably higher


than the effect of the amount of total reactive macerals

EXPLANATION
Pf = (Rm/reactive macrals)*100

Hypothesis

Definition

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Literature Study

PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS (Reference Based)


No

Maceral Group

Maceral Sub-Group

Vitrinite

Liptinite

Sporinite

Visualization (Literature Based)

Hypothesis

Definition

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

Literature Study

PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS (Reference Based)


No

Maceral Group

Maceral Sub-Group

Inertinite

Semi Fusinite

Inertinite

Fusinite

Visualization (Literature Based)

Definition
Literature Study

Hypothesis
Experiment & Analysis
COAL COMBUSTION PROFILE

CHAR REACTIVITY

Conclusion

Definition
Literature Study

Hypothesis
Experiment & Analysis
CORRELATION FACTOR (r)

Conclusion

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

COAL PETROGRAPHIC TO COAL COMBUSTION

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

COAL PETROGRAPHIC TO COAL COMBUSTION

Hypothesis

Definition
Literature Study

Conclusion

Experiment & Analysis

1. Ignition Temperature (Ti) and Burnout Temperature (Tb) were better parameters to
estimate combustion differences of the coal samples than other characteristic parameter
derived from combustion profiles.
2. The total amount of reactive macerals could be used to asses combustion differences of
same rank coals.

Bartenstein and Teichmuller, 1974

Teichmuller, 1979

REFERENCES
1. KIZGUT Sait, Dilek CUHADAROGLU, Ihsan TOROGLU, Thermogravimetric Characterization of
Turkish Bituminous Coals for Combustion, Turk J Chem 27 (2003), 521 528.
2. Cloke Michael, Lester Edward, Characterization of Coals for Combustion Using Petrographic Analysis,
Fuel 1994 Volume 73 Number 3, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
3. Tomeczek Jerzy, Coal Combustion, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 1994.

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