MEE ei se vein of reread Gmente 209 What i ice sanding sign principles 20:0 Stet the effective gun and the loading 0 be used 1 call the BM and SF na step fe suircsecantevering from he wal, ase? Sketch such 2 sicase and explain its sabiity and PROBLEMS 201 A stazcase slab spanning longi is et into pokes of vo supporting beams. one of eer end. in sucesive landings Between Noor fhe elective spa of the sb is $Seuherizoly andthe ie ofthe ei 3m with 250 en eas snd 150 sr, desi, td de the tase slab Assume alive ld of 3 KN ses SKN f= 20 Nima and = 413 Nom 2n2- Lay oat longltudinasarease 1.25 m wide fra residential att climb 3.2m between ‘ors in arate room 45 5m Design the slab and desl the sec, suming ‘fa 20 Nina tof, 815 Nina Assume thatthe wpe te blt one sa in beware 20.3 A eaireze of 1.2 m with fran office bing conse of ech step but nto the wall ‘rit bearing of 110 mm along he ight with he w= 250 mand pe = 200 mm Desi the starease and sketch the layout of reisforcemens, assuming fa = 18 Nim and faaisNinm 204 Ado legged staicase fra resides a const of 18 steps each of 200 mm tread and 180 me rise, with an interment landing 12 min width tthe mile. Toe with of| Stace ialso 12m 1 the lights are of equal umber of sep, design the sacae and ‘etal eel f= 20 Nin? and f= 5 Ni IMS Skah the layout of a twolipht Rarene for resent Mat whose flor to Moor 2m cleat under the fest lading sla, for an trance door. Design the staltease Su assming swith a ms 60m, an ed 290 f= 20 Ny 3 Cuapter 21 Design of Corbels, 7 Brackets and Nibs eee 21.1 INTRODUCTION 3S 436: 200 Secon 4 Cle 24 det with design of Cone Core. The cate of shear spite men in wh enka oa be pr ee iin wich te oan are pple ray te spor The tro oe eae lou sintion fom the appara te eve dop of te ment sipping ad ical ald ao he er spaept) sa. Reus ieray a sho a es thst nw eu thn in ruta men he Wace pl pcre i he lose care appr), the tnd tant he yp ante mse ake ne inate By “st acton than y sil bending se F271” Unde te odin of ‘ido the sear tempt eae obey et els swe a ig 0 te wy Fig 214 thustration of ratio in beams: (a) Corba dlmensions; (0) Lond near support. ‘Te method of design andthe plang of sel in s8ch cumstances have bees evolved from a theory based on theres of abraoy test, nd he recommendations for feds: fhe sractures as given the British bd fin Cade of Pact is resented inthis chapter, ‘Tis pocedare i ih diferent from the ACI tod. The BS mcined ive in this caplet 's much simpler than the ACT method nd hasbeen found to give mae res. 212, ALLOWABLE SHEAR IN BEAMS FOR LOWER 4/d VALUES ACCORDING TO BS 8110 ‘ssn sted, ex show hat he sapien nse Suength when ad osLin te Deg f Rife Coe 1 tax i Ye + ony ma? me . 7 3 ‘ ove Fig.21.Mustration ofthe Inuence of 2 ratto on shar restance. ane te eed shen sng (6) scding © BS code 8110 and 5456 nen by modified expression * oe (#4) *Ua) fe se sesh ral ean en i 5619 eat Sadi mel) tar mene ae el ale ot te tte selmi ost Ths mene aS et Seon fe sje ws mimes ian 21.3 DESIGN OF CORBELS OR BRACKETS Soroka abr caivrs hse a/v i tan 1.0, nd he depth (0p at fb cd fice ofthese memes snot lett Schaef he dps Da ae een fare i hea by statin a sow in Fig 2 and ert he lj of scone for corbes shoud be town In Fig 21 214 INITIAL DIMENSIONING OF CORBELS (CRITERIA FOR CORBEL ACTION) The nal dimensioning of he bck! seared ou fom he following principe: 1 The ukinae bearing preser n conrt shld ot be exceded aloo rer. The following ae the values gone recomended (BS BL10 (85) Cease Sah Des of Gr bc od ie EE (9) Bening with no padding material Ot (Dry beating os concrete) (0) Bearing in cement moar 046 (Bede beg) (Beating on sel pte cat ini member Of (@ Flexible pats 05 fa ‘The width b ofthe member shoo he determined fm the sie of teeing reguite. ft 4 plat is ted he size of bearing pati to be cael by aig tbe Bearing sess ‘onld not be greter than (provided the horizontal foc act ine ole estan 10 pe cot ofthe vets! land andthe area ot more than 4% ot conc ae). 2. Genenly the value of ad shold not be rete than 06a ne, abou ot croond 10. |. From the design shear aspect for low values ofa the eth he ppt shold te large enoueh 44 The depth at the far en shuld et leas one af the depth ae ppt Fig 213 Forces ina corbel 21 EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES IN A CORBEL ‘The design of corte, according 10 BS $110 and 18456 ix based onthe smi shown In ig. 21.3 The vera load denoted by Feist by srt acon i neal unr the action ofthe orzo sel fre Fan the Inline fore F, fom conse ampesson With 8 poteaial crack along the face of he spporng member. Toe fre Fan Fan be eels from the assmpions tht F, cs OS nthe compressive one of comes assed in BS 18110 compression backs ine of scion tthe face of the supra aoe gual 0 BE lever ar fom the cee ofthe fenileforce. The coaperie fre Pl be mobs Dy once and he fens force F, bythe min se! provided in fe dreson fF,MEE et sen ined meee 21.6 ANALYSIS OF FORCES IN CORBELS As shown ie Fit 21. let Alistnce of loud fom the feof the support, adth ofthe corel fective depth ofthe corel at the fae ofthe support lever arm distance distance ofthe cent of comprenin from te centre of he tension seb) y= applies veri load F,= tension Inthe hodzonl ieton de 0, -Fe= compression developed in conte a sr action to support, Fie Plat) aw Bla 22 + a ‘An expesion forthe compresive force Fass be obtied fom the strengh of he concrete hich compression Let eight ofthe compression concrete tthe root ofthe cut! from the bot side Assuming thatthe estat compresion passe hough the dept 045, the expression fo the lever am canbe writen (4-045) 24-9 ‘As the art piper to he force F, over which he compresion is built up ion an ‘espresion fr can te writen as Fa 04fab (x00 Subsitting for x an cos we obtain Fn 088 fbil-2) —£ as) wey Equtng Bs. (21.2) and (21.3), we aban 08m Net ac~ F(a + 2) By puting fh. aha ew fom relation (21.2) 4921.4, we obtain the equation BRINE oe ose of rte, Bread io EEE BOGARS 9 SATE + i) Vs - —@ —® Section BB. MDa Renfrcment ring sri en ing me anew mer aa ‘Gata at ear than 28 fare of ain ene eintornment 3 Compress Sti tua aren of wach should nt be than 1000 metre width of rel ‘Cte bindersLin ude Dag of Ref Cones Soe paces rear — i ® i © K 1 a vt Outer compression bars psoas t \ Section 88 Fig2LAb Reinorment daing of orbel when wing H6mnm dame o es smn tensile feiforcement (Main esl bars; 2. Horisoatal nk, tal are soul not be est ‘han 0.25 of area of main ten relaforcement, 3 Comprestion bar toa area of ‘which should mat be es than 100 mnYnetre width ot crbel 4 xtra Binder Desgnof ie, Brat end Ni “The vale of id for given valves of ald and Jf bd) canbe clelned from Ea. 21.5) [Ateraaivey the value of dean be bined fom Chart 2. forgiven vals of ald en Tatd Ta Once 1s known. the value of Fan be eu clued a shown ie Examples 21.1 ad 21°2 Alternatively, apie slution Based on the above patcples canbe used 1 give the cesar values (Chat 211) ° oF oe Oe OO or (Chart 211 Mstration of 4 values for design of corte. 217 DESIGN CALCULATION FOR STEEL AREAS As edy tated, the tudard dealing feel for 2 corel consists ofthe main brio se! ‘hv hic abe sel Ags abd the compression steel Ay as shown In Fig 214 21.741 Caleultion for Main Tension Stoel Ay ‘The area of min steel Ay shoud stiey the following tre contin: 1. The ae of tention sel i to Be eae fom the expression hes Fl andthe vale oi esi fom theultimate lad contin, by sig sin compasME se been ote Cone ston withthe depth of neural asi asx. As the allure sin of concrete is 0.0035, 2.003514 =») steve of ol oe in te seta cave of he 9p of els In ow ct twill be fun tht lows ta be ees eda inten ih Sennen rs pee Aen se reatee sitet il mol ws hy epee ee fects tay be ecy nl i ate De hase ea aan 410 satisfy anchorage requirements, » 2. The scot omit oe satifed tht shoul be win te nt secs evi pein see of et Ope atl be pred ty eae 1 The hd contin i hat sh ob tan 72F fae any iota foe tng te bring thr sl ede Frasca os 21.72 Calculation for Shear Stee! A,, 1 hes been foun by tess that prematore diagonal tension fire wil got ecu in corte i loved rps ors pratt he min tension el ae provided a spesiad lw (ne 1 Av should nee fess than bf the maia tension sel rested to resist F (Fig. 21.4) the a2 itt Slt He shold te placed ete upper two-thidefctve dp fhe ere 2173 Compression See! Ay Even hugh hori te compreson infloement ot ere prea ted in SP 34 is followed: os 1 Inthe srangement where the min tension bts athe fot face ofthe cob re melded ‘0.4 wansverse tony nominal compression sel to anchor the straps is provided Pig 3, 2 Alterativey, alte msn tenslon tare are bet back o Frm loop oat compesion stat ig 21. 21.7.4 Horizontal Forees on Beating 1 any hoszentalfres can develop atthe poit of application ofthe load hey should aso be bropsly taken cee of For ths papose, the bearing plate generally weed he tae scl ‘With no ve load the vale of Fi ton ae not ese thon 02 21.8 PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF CORBELS Sip 1: Dimensioning the corbel (9 Bread of bearing plate. Assuming» desig bestng press of 0 fx. determine he Jeng of bearing late eign f ors ras nd sR (©) Depth of bracket at suport. As the design value for shea esr spots can Be mich lage tha he somal vale in Table 13 of 5 456 bt ot more thay 0 able, ssune {slab value fo shear Meter gg allt the efectvedopth mth 100 a tthe face ofthe bracket Fiab Dadvooerng (©) Check the dimension fr erteron for core (3 in Section 214). The vahe of ald shoald be preferably les than, bat aways not more than 1.0. [Asa consevaive estimate, ne may assume that he laud i Sting at the otra of he Step 2: Derrmination of lever erm depth. Deteonine 2, te lover stm ep, from eg 21) ort sing Sesgn chr 211, Ano cneate v= 2 200120) and checks ese than the Hing value of = Sep 3: Resolation of forces. The vals of Fan F canbe called from Fix Fate ‘The BS code sho rege that F shold beat leat IDF, obtained from Bauaion (21.1), Sie 4: Caleaation area of main tec. Strets in sel feel comespnd othe tin From the vale f= cbisined te sep 2 Bad 43) Here, assuming = 0.0035, find f, corresponding 10 the value of, Stel may no reach ye er there any atonal rina fore then na ‘Sep 5: Check minimum and marina percentage of tel Ay ould wot be gree than 1.3 per tt and not en than Oper cen be If exceed the makmam allowed eres he depth and redesign Sip 6: Ave of horizontal shear steal Ay shold be a Test onehalf the ree of maln tension sel, he be a= 26 ‘Provide iat lope inthe epper twouhind part ofthe ttl depth ofthe corel a the separ. Sep 7: Check she ston for shear Koowing the percentage of el the exact value of allowable shear f= (2a) it Keown, snd th seston canbe hosed fr sey. Sip 8: tall she sel. According wo standard practices given in SP 4: Clase 7. (se| Lin Ste Den of enor Cnete_ | 219 DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS NIBS (BEAM SHELVES) | Nis or hem shea uted t cary Ror ais in a pefabricned yen. Usually 100 mm or more in depth and the wiih of bearing shouldbe enought carry the pease senbers. It may algo be continuous, depending on the prefabricaion srengement Cozusuous iba les than 300 mm i depth are designed in cordance vith the ales Tor Aesign of cniever sh nation the pans io beremembered inthe dealing ofthe mens 1 The distance a, representing he line of ston of he aed for calesliting BM and shear shancemen factor for design purpases should be taken a he distance from the cere ine of the nearer vet leg ofthe seep Inthe Dea Yo te Gr face the main horn el Fig. 215. Distance for bending moment and shes. 12 Additional eso inks shouldbe provided as hangers in the suc (eam) connected vids he nib. The fond on he nib ha to Be carid tothe compresin soe of he soppring Seam. These dangers ae wed ot only forest sharin he Denn but al ots te Toad from the mbt the sompestion sige ote beam The aon! ste aes (in ition the are necesay 1 cary the he) forte hangers is ven by Awan = fie 0" aT 1X The Cement and Concrete Associstion, U.K. recommend the canilvepat ofthe ibs 1o be reinforce bth horizontally an vertely with i system of reinforcement Acorn. {be best way i to provide tcl im normal bein the fxm of hazonal Toop, as shown ig 216 Thi aot re given by Taig orion mb sel Ay = whee 04, bur <13-% spacing = 22555 «905 otmn’) 4710 tins (aanLint Sie eign of Reif Comoe EXAMPLE 211 (cout) 1. | Shear capacity of rection , Tate 13 : ‘ld Inca shea engi ost, ad -(eegauass) ‘Toul shear eapacy =(340+ 83) kN = 793 4N> 500 RN Design i safe 8 | Deni eet cording to stn pat. REVIEW QUESTIONS. 31.2 Teas show tht the ale of shear suength of beams decreases with incease in (shear san dept) aio. Draw the nature of the experimental carve obtained, and write down the 21.3. Whenwil you csifyacanilever projection rom column, a5 aoe Explain how the toad is eae by corte 214 Skt the cimention ofa corte! to ae s loud of 300 KN a distance of 250 mm from 215 What isthe desig compressive strength fr beating i init tte dsiga? How does onrpare with the average design compresive sng n beading compression In Beams tnd et compression columas? 231.6 Explain the inuenceof orzo es in a bracket nd dacs why shear ste inthe or of terical es or links isnt very wel in B.C. brakes 21.7 Sketch the equine of forces in a corbelasesng the depth of retal axe at oneal the cep 218 Ste the typical yous of teste ina cote 21.9 What nb odin what stains would you ute the? Wha the irene indesign procedure erween# crtel aod ans? 21.0 Stich te epic! you of tel In ab PROBLEMS 211 Design acre 430m scan a sap eri inate a of 5048 i a ino cen 20 am os oh same a fc Sot a eed fb cos 212. Design aati bacet ote) os ere coun 30 mo cy 3 ea, wich firs macon sf 0a net cuca td A cea ofa aoa ek Seon bee soe run a ts Occ oe Same ecsaere Irs cna tal a lowe 30st pid Aria fas N= 8 Waban eo eh Seale 213. Deg cl pp «ann deere dea ado 50 ade Ist i a fo etc oes of Sm Bag he sone nd hah etene hw a Soe fa a7 214. Acommow ome et be pov 1 «rf xc em, ati si The sw apts see a pect cr 40m weed 3 Soy. Thess lah onthe ah Tey ago he ula on eben cae at Of. Aang ha a ow 20 as be pod fe palog oa allowasce of 25mm has be made forthe face the clu forinaccue ines Sein sue i od sch lyf atacenes hee on isa