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In
your case the particle has a force acting on it and as such the momentum changes. There is no
law of physics which states that the momentum of a particle is conserved. The gravitational force
changs the momentum of a ball in free-fall. However, as someone explained above, the total
momentum of the earth/ball system is conserved. The momentum is therefore
pearth + pball = constant
or
mearthvearth + mballvball = constant
If you start with the ball and the earth initially at rest then the constant = 0 and then
mearthvearth = -mballvball
Our question to solve is: A 5.2 g Ball bearing is fired vertically downward from 18m with an initial
speed of 14 m/s. It buries itself a depth of 21 cm in the sand. What average resistance force does
the sand exert on the ball bearing? We know the answer is -6.81N but we are having a hard time
figuring out which equations to use to solve the problem.
You can use either constant acceleration formulae or conservation of energy to solve this
problem. With constant acceleration you are going to want to calculate the velocity of the ball at
the instant it hits the ground. You will then have initial and final velocity and displacement. You
can solve for a, and use F = ma to solve for F. With energy, you can use: