PENGOLAHAN SINYAL

(DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING)

Dosen: Dr. Ir. Andrian Andaya Lestari, M.Sc.
Email: andrian.andaya@surya.ac.id
Materi: Li Tan & Jean Jiang, Digital Signal
Processing; Fundamentals and Applications,
2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2013, Chapter 1 - 8.
Chapter 1:
Chapter 2:
Chapter 3:
Chapter 4:
Chapter 5:
Chapter 6:
Chapter 7:
Chapter 8:

Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

Signal Sampling and Quantization
Digital Signals and Systems
Discrete Fourier Transform and Signal
Spectrum
The z-transform
Digital Signal Processing Systems, Filter
Types, and Digital Filter Realizations
Finite Impulse Response
(FIR) Filter Design
Infinite Impulse Response
(IIR) Filter Design

PENGOLAHAN SINYAL
(DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING)
Dosen: Dr. Ir. Andrian Andaya Lestari, M.Sc.
Email: andrian.andaya@surya.ac.id
Materi: Li Tan & Jean Jiang, Digital Signal
Processing; Fundamentals and Applications,
2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2013, Chapter 1 - 8.
Materi Penilaian:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

PR
Quiz
UTS
UAS
MATLAB Project

Chapter 1
Introduction to Digital Signal
Processing

Concepts of Digital Signal Processing

Analog filter
ADC (analog to digital converter)
DSP (digital signal processor)
DAC (digital to analog converter)
Reconstruction filter (anti-image filter)

Basic block diagrams of a DSP system

band-limited
signal

Analog
input
Analog
filter

ADC

Digital
signal

Processed
digtal signal
DSP

DAC

Output
signal

Analog
output
Reconstruction
filter

DSP systems still require minimum analog processing such as the anti-aliasing
and reconstruction filters, which are musts for converting real-world information
into digital form and digital signals back into real-world information.

DSP Examples
Digital filtering to remove noise to obtain
a clean signal
x ( n)
Digitized noisy input

DSP
Digital filtering

y ( n)
Clean digital signal

Noisy signal
2

Amplitude

1
0
-1
-2

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.005

0.01

0.015
Time (sec.)

0.02

0.025

0.03

Amplitude

1
0
-1
-2

 Signal spectral analysis

Plot and display frequency information of the
digitized signal
Analog
input

x(n)
Analog
filter

ADC

Time domain display

DSP
Algorithms

Frequency content display

(b) Signal spectrum

(a) Signal amplitude

-5

0.005
Time (sec.)

2000 4000 6000

Frequency (Hz)

8000

(d) Signal spectrum

(c) Signal amplitude

1000 Hz

0.01

10
5
0
-5
-10

0.005
Time (sec.)

0.01

1000 Hz

3000 Hz
2

2000 4000 6000

Frequency (Hz)

8000

Speech amplitude

Speech data: "We lost the golden chain."

x 10

1
0
-1
-2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8
1
1.2
Sample number

1.4

1.6

1.8

2
4

x 10

Amplitude spectrum

200
150
100
50
0

500

1000

1500
2000
2500
Frequency (Hz)

3000

3500

4000

10

Applications of DSP
Digital crossover system
Gain
Digital
audio x(n)

Digital
highpass filter

Digital
lowpass filter

Gain

Tweeter:
The crossover passes
high frequencies

Woofer:
The crossover passes
low frequencies

11

 Interference cancellation in Electrocardiograph

(ECG)
ECG signal
with 60-Hz
inteference
60-Hz
interference

Digital notch filter for

eliminating 60-Hz
intererence
ECG recorder with
the removed 60 Hz
interference
ECG
preamplifier

12

 Speech coding and compression

(waveform coding)
Encoding process:

Analog
input

Analog
filter

ADC

DSP
Compressor

Storage
media

Decoding process:

Storage
media

DSP
Decompressor

Analog
output
DAC

Reconstruction
filter

13

 CD recording system
Left mic
Anti-aliasing
LP filter
Right mic

16-bit
ADC

44.1 KSPS
Anti-aliasing
LP filter

Multiplex

Encoding
Modulation
Synchronization

Optics and
Recording

16-bit
ADC
Amplified
left speaker

Optical pickup
Demodulation
Error correction

4x
Oversampling

176.4 kHz
CD

14-bit
DAC

Anti-image
LP filter

14-bit
DAC

Anti-image
LP filter
Amplified

The purpose of the oversampling is to relieve the higher-filterorder

right speaker
requirement for the anti-image lowpass filter, making the circuit design much
easier and economical.

14

 Vibration Signature analysis for

Defected Gear Tooth

15

12.8 kHz

During the test, the motor speed is set to 1,000 RPM so the meshing frequency is determined as
1000 x 18 / 60 = 300 Hz and input shaft frequency is 1000 / 60 = 16.17 Hz.
16

Gearbox in good condition

Gearbox in a damaged condition

(missing a tooth)

The spectrum contains the meshing frequency component of 300 Hz and a sideband
frequency component of 283.33 (300 16.67) Hz.
17

 Digital image enhancement

(a) Original image

(b) Enhanced image

The image processing technique called histogram equalization (Gozalez and Wintz,
1987) can stretch the light intensity of an image using the digital information (pixels)
to increase image contrast so that detailed information in the image can easily be
seen.
18

Applications of Digital Signal Processing

Digital audio and speech
Digital audio coding such as CD players and MP3 players, digital crossover,
digital audio equalizers, digital stereo and surround sound, noise reduction
systems, speech coding, data compression and encryption, speech synthesis
and speech recognition
Digital telephone
Speech recognition, high-speed modems, echo cancellation, speech
synthesizers, DTMF (dual-tone multi frequency) generation and detection,
answering machines
Automobile industry
Active noise control systems, active suspension systems, digital audio and radio,
digital controls, vibration signal analysis
Electronic communications
Cellular phones, digital telecommunications, wireless LAN (local area
networking), satellite communications
Medical imaging equipment
ECG analyzers, cardiac monitoring, medical imaging and image recognition,
digital X-rays and image processing
Multimedia
19
Internet phones, audio and video, hard disk drive electronics, iPhone, iPad,
digital pictures, digital cameras, text-to-voice and voice-to-text technologies

SUMMARY
1. An analog signal is continuous in both time and amplitude. Analog signals in the real
world include current, voltage, temperature, pressure, light intensity, and so on. The
digital signal contains the digital values converted from the analog signal at the
specified time instants.
2. Analog-to-digital signal conversion requires an ADC unit (hardware) and a low pass
filter (anti-aliasing filter) attached ahead of the ADC unit to block the high-frequency
components that ADC cannot handle.
3. The digital signal can be manipulated using arithmetic. The manipulations may
include digital filtering, calculation of signal frequency content, and so on.
4. The digital signal can be converted back to an analog signal by sending the digital
values to DAC to produce the corresponding voltage levels and applying a smooth
filter (reconstruction filter) to the DAC voltage steps.

5. Digital signal processing finds many applications in the areas of digital speech and
20
audio, digital and cellular telephones, automobile controls, vibration signal analysis,
communications, biomedical imaging, image/video processing, and multimedia.