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A sustainable society is a society that meets the needs of the present generation,that does not
compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, in which each human
being has the opportunity to develop itself in freedom, within a well-balanced society and in
harmony with its surroundings.
Q- CONSERVATION PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION ??
Ans :Conservation : Keeping objects and collections for future generations is what
museums do. The action of prolonging the existence of significant objects is generally called
conservation.
Conservation covers all actions aimed at safeguarding historical objects and
collections. It includes:
retaining an objects significant historical, social, aesthetic and technological qualities
ensuring that all actions are carried out with the least possible intervention
researching, recording/cataloguing and retaining all knowledge and
information related to the objects context, history, manufacture, use,
acquisition, donors, etc
documenting the object in detail, which may include photographing it
identifying the needs of an object, such as storage, so that it is cared for
appropriately
setting strategies, perhaps in a conservation plan, and allocating resources
recording and retaining all information related to the museums treatment of
an object.
Preservation
All actions taken to maintain an object in its existing condition, minimise the rate of
change, and slow down further deterioration and/or prevent damage are part of
preservation.
Preserving an object involves:
preserving the integrity and authenticity of the object
creating a safe display and storage environment, which includes controlling
temperature, relative humidity, light levels, pests, dust and other pollutants
controlling the conditions of its use, including display, visitor interaction and
loans
making considered decisions about the treatment of an object and
documenting these decisions
physically treating an object only in order to, as nearly as possible, maintain
the object in an unchanging state and to stabilise its condition, such as
carrying out repairs or treating damaged materials or any other actions taken
to prevent or delay deterioration or damage. This is usually carried out by
trained conservators who understand the objects structure and chemistry.
Most treatments are reversible.
materialsmaterials that are not only healthier, but that can also be cycled and recycled in
closed loops, and eventually safely returned to nature as compost.
3. Decentralization : Decentralization is a tendency of advanced economic development that
we already see in energy technologiesfor example, the decline of the massive
generation utilities like Ontario Hydro. Decentralization is also visible in more subtle
ways in manufacturing processes; but more radical forms of it are necessary to establish
tight loops of production and consumption, to make waste into a resource, and to make
the most of regional materials.
Q- WHAT IS BIOREGIONALISM ??
Bioregionalism is a system for living that emphasizes the importance of the natural world and
a participatory relationship with the place where we live. A bioregion, eco-region, or lifeplace, is a land area whose boundaries are determined by the terrain, topography and
watersheds within it rather than by state or county lines. Each region has its own unique form
and pattern, its own watersheds. It is an area that sustains an interrelationship of natural
characteristics which includes animals, plants, pollinators, soils, waters and climate.
There are three main goals of bioregionalism:
Restoration and Conservation The first and primary goal is restorative ecology, a way of
living that seeks to restore and maintain local, natural systems including waters, watersheds,
plants, soil ecology, and wildlife. This is an active process of conservation and healing. A
bioregional worldview places highest importance on the health of the natural terrain, whether
that terrain is comprised of wilderness, suburbs or cities. The focus is on restoring the natural
integrity of the region.
Local Resourcing The second goal is to work towards providing basic needs: food, water,
housing, energy and commodities to the inhabitants of the region in sustainable ways from
within the region. This is becoming a somewhat more popular idea now with the proliferation
of farmers markets, CSAs and restaurants featuring local foods. But there is still little
awareness about our soils or our waters where they come from and where they go when we
flush them away and we live in ways that are divorced from these issues. The loss of habitat
and the extinction of species are abstract concepts when we can get our food from a
supermarket and our water from a tap. But when we begin to source our basic human needs
locally, it becomes imperative to pay close attention to climate, weather, growing season, and
health of the land.
Education and Re-inhabitation Thirdly, bioregionalism works to support proactive
education, employment and re-inhabitation of the land. To this end, educational curricula of
all levels are designed to teach the importance of the natural world and our relationship to it.
The goal of re-inhabitation is a long-view goal, perhaps taking a century or more to
implement fully. It includes fostering an understanding of the history of the region along with
knowledge of the land.
(=something that must be done because it is right): Solidarity between rich and poor
nations is a moral imperative.
Q- WHAT IS POLLUTERS PAY PRINCIPLE ??
Ans) The Polluter pays principle is also known as extended producer
responsibility (EPR). the polluter pays principle is enacted to make the party
responsible for producing pollution responsible for paying for the damage done
to the natural environment.
The polluter pays principle underpins environmental policy such as an ecotax,
which, if enacted by government, deters and essentially reduces greenhouse gas
emissions. Some eco-taxes underpinned by the polluter pays principle include:
the Gas Guzzler Tax, in US, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)- a "polluter
pays" fine.
Q- CREATION vs EVOLUTION ??
Ans) Creationism or Intelligent Design is the belief that life and the universe
were created by a supernatural being (an "intelligent designer"), an omnipotent,
benevolent God. Evolution is the process by which different kinds of living
organisms developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the
Earth
Q- SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK ?
The Sustainability Framework (SF) is a way to organize thinking about
sustainability as well as inform planning, management, and evaluation of
activities in order to improve and maintain health outcomes at a population level.
The SF is implemented by project staff and local stakeholders.
Q- WHT IS ARCHYTYPES ?
12 TYPES :
1. The
2. The
3. The
4. The
5. The
6. The
7. The
8. The
9. The
10. The
11. The
12. The
Innocent :
Orphan/Regular Guy or Gal
Hero
Caregiver
Explorer
Rebel
Lover
Creator
Jester
Sage
Magician
Ruler
Q- GAIA HYPOTHESIS ??
Ans ) The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle,
proposes that organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to
form a synergistic self-regulating, complex system that helps to maintain and
perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet. Topics of interest include how the
biosphere and the evolution of life forms affect the stability of global
temperature, ocean salinity, oxygen in the atmosphere, the maintenance of a
hydrosphere of liquid water and other environmental variables that affect the
habitability of Earth.
Q- BIOSPHERE RESERVE ??
Ans ) Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems
promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its
sustainable use. They are internationally recognized, nominated by national
governments and remain under sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they
are located.
Q- DEMARKETING ??
General demarketing
General demarketing occurs when a seller shrinks the level of total demand. Suppliers of
electricity and water use advertisements and publicity campaigns during periods of excess
demand.
Selective demarketing
Selective demarketing occurs when a company discourages demand from certain classes of
consumers. Adult communities demarket properties to families with children, and producers
of goods with a snob appeal avoid low-image retailers.
Ostensible demarketing
Ostensible demarketing occurs when a seller creates an artificial or perceived shortage to
whet consumer appetites. Limited distribution of goods may induce consumers to stockpile
these hard-to-get" items
Although Kotler and Levy (1971) emphasized the need for careful research into these
phenomena, little effort has been devoted to the formal study of demarketing by marketers.
This is not surprising, as marketers are trained to build demand rather than destroy it.