Journal/Book/Patent

Process For The Manufacture

of Fusel-Oil And Its
Components.

Author
Felix Ehrlich

Citation
Ferments at a temperature of
25-30C.

Side Reaction:
Leucine + Water -> Isoamyl
Alcohol + Ammonia
Valine + Water -> Isobutanol +
Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide +
Ammonia
Iso-Leucine + Water -> Amyl
Alcohol + Carbon dioxide +
Ammonia
Process of Producing Fusel
Oil by Fermentation

Frank A. McDermott

Bio-Ethanol Production from

Banana Peel by Simultaneous
Saccharification and
Fermentation Process Using
Cocultures Aspergillus Niger
and Saccharomyces
Cerevisiae

Ajay Kumar Singh

Sanat Rath
Yashab Kumar
Harison Masih
Jyotsna K. Peter
JaneC. Benjamin
Pradeep Kumar Singh
Dipuraj
Pankaj Singh

Design of an Ethanol
Fermentation Plant

John Schrilla

The
temperature
of
fermentation is not especially
critical,
but
satisfactory
results may be obtained
between 25 and 35C.
A 4% inoculum Aspergillus
Niger and 3% inoculum
Saccharomyces
Cerevisiae
was added.

The optimum pH and

temperature
for
the
fermentation of banana peels
was found to be 6 and 30C.

Fermentation was done for 7

days for banana peels.
In a fermentation process,
yeast
are
used
to
metabolically convert sugars
into ethanol and carbon
dioxide via the simplified
chemical reaction.

Glucose -> 2Ethanol + 2Carbon

Dioxide

The Formation of Higher

Alcohols in the Fermentation
of Amino Acids by Yeast

Kiyoshi Yoshizawa

A fermenter is a specialized
vessel with a motorized
impeller for stirring and
outlets for regular testing of
the contents. This allows for
mixture to be uniformly
exposed to the yeast and for
the progress of the reaction to
be monitored over time.

The fermentor is held at 32C

and left for 4872 hours to
allow the yeast to fully
metabolize the sugars and
convert as much as possible
into ethanol.

Due to the long processing

times required, fermentation
is typically implemented as a
batch process.
The Presumptive Scheme of
Synthetic
Pathway
of
Isobutanol
and
Isoamyl
Alcohol.

Glucose -> iBuOH + 2CO2 +

H2O

Handbook of Food Products Y. H. Hui

Manufacturing

5Glucose -> 4iAmOH + 10CO2

+ 6H2O
In the anabolic pathway, the
higher
alcohols
are
synthesized from a-keto acids
during the synthesis of amino
acids from the carbohydrate
source (Oshita and others
1995). The pathway choice
depends on the individual
higher alcohol and on the
level of available amino acids

available.
Only 50 mole-% of the
leucine added is converted to
isoamyl
alcohol.
The
remainder of the leucine
remains unassimilated in the
medium.

Factors Affecting The

Production Of Fusel Oil

J. S. Hough, B.Sc., Ph.D.

R. Stevens, Ph.D.

Bat2p is essential in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae for
fusel alcohol production on
the non-fermentable carbon
source ethanol

Sung A. SchoondermarkStolk Maria Tabernero

John Chapman
Eelko G. ter Schure
C. Theo Verrips
Arie J. Verkleij
Johannes Boonstra

Temperature was set at 30oC

and pH was maintained at 5.

Stirrer speed was set at 500

rpm.

Quilter, M. G.
Hurley, J. C.
Lynch, F. J.
Murphy, M. G.

Working volume of the

bioreactors was 500 ml.
The addition of L-leucine
gave rise to nearly a 2.3 fold
increase in isoamyl acetate
production (4.8 to 11.0 ppm)
and a 27% increase in amyl
alcohol production.

The Production of Isoamyl

Acetate from Amyl alcohol
by Saccharomyces

A Method For The

Adaptive Stochastic Control
of a Process

Reyman, Greg

4.0 g/L addition of L-leucine,

Beyond that no further
increase in amyl alcohol
production, suggesting that Lleucine catabolism may be
saturated.
Stoichiometric equations of
the growth of bakers' yeast
on glucose

Glucose + Ammonia -> Biomass

+ Carbon Dioxide + Water +
Ethanol