BENGKEL KECEMERLANGAN KIMIA

SPM 2015

Modul latihan
Topik Ting 5

SPM

Kandungan Modul :
1. Konsep kimia yang penting
2. Teknik point
3. Soalan struktur terpilih
4. Soalan esei terpilih
5. Soalan ting 5
6. Teknik menjawab yang tepat

Fasilitator
En. Azemi Bin Ahmad
Guru Cemerlang Kimia
Mersing/ Johor

1|Page
019-7836402

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Chapter 10 : Rate of Reaction

Exercise 10.1
Exp.

Reaction

Eksp

Tindak balas

Temperature

Suhu

2.0 g of calcium carbonate,CaCO3 powder

+ 25 cm3 HCl 0.1 mol dm-3

30 0C

II

2.0 g of calcium carbonate CaCO3 granules + 25 cm3 HCl 0.1 mol dm-3

30 0C

2.0 g serbuk kalsium karbonat,CaCO3 + 25 cm3 HCl 0.1 mol dm-3

2.0 g ketulan kalsium karbonat,CaCO3 + 25 cm3 HCl 0.1 mol dm-3

Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II. Explain based on collision theory
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas di antara eksperimen I dan II. Terangkan berdasarkan teori perlanggaran.

Cadangan jawapan :
1.

The rate of reaction in experiment ... is higher than experiment ...

2.

The size of in experiment ...... is smaller than experiment ......

3.

The total surface area of .. that exposed to collision become larger.

4.

Collision between ............... and ion is higher.

5.

The frequency of collision between .............................. and ion is higher

6.

The frequency of .. is higher.

Kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen .... lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen ....

Saiz .. dalam eksperimen ...... lebih kecil daripada eksperimen ....

Jumlah luas permukaan ... yang terdedah kepada perlanggaran menjadi besar.
Perlanggaran di antara ............... dan ion meningkat

Frekuensi perlanggaran di antara ............... dan ion meningkat.

Frekuensi .. lebih tinggi

Exercise 10.2 : Temperature of solution

Eksp

Exp.

Tindak balas

Suhu

Reaction

1.0 g of magnesium, Mg powder

+ 25 cm3 HCl 0.1 mol dm-3

II

1.0 g of magnesium, Mg powder

+ 25 cm3 HCl 0.1 mol dm-3

Temperature

1.0 g serbuk magnesium ,Mg + 25 cm3 HCl 0.1 mol dm-3

3

1.0 g serbuk magnesium ,Mg + 25 cm HCl 0.1 mol dm

-3

30 0C
60 0C

Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II. Explain based on collision theory
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas di antara eksperimen I dan II. Terangkan berdasarkan teori perlanggaran.

Cadangan jawapan :
1. The rate of reaction in experiment .... is higher than experiment ...

Kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen .... lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen ....

2. The temperature in experiment ...... is higher than experiment .....

Suhu dalam eksperimen ........ lebih tinggi daripada ekperimen .....

3. . of particles increases. Particles faster

Tenaga zarah bertambah . Zarah .. lebih cepat

4. Collision between . and ion is higher.

Perlanggaran di antara ............... dan ion ..meningkat

5. The frequency of collision between .............................. and ion is higher

Frekuensi perlanggaran di antara ............... dan ion meningkat.

6. The frequency of .. is higher.

Frekuensi . lebih tinggi

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Exercise 10.3 : Kepekatan larutan

Experiment

Temperature,oC

Reactant

Eksperimen

Bahan tindak balas

3

Suhu, 0C

-3

Excess of zinc, Zn powder and 25 cm nitric acid,HNO3 0.2 moldm

II

Excess of zinc, Zn powder and 25 cm3 nitric acid,HNO3 0.1 moldm-3

30 0C

Serbuk zink,Zn berlebihan dan 25 cm asid nitrik,HNO3 0.2 moldm

3

-3

30 0C

Serbuk zink,Zn berlebihan dan 25 cm asid nitrik,HNO3 0.1 moldm

3

-3

Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II. Explain based on collision theory
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas di antara eksperimen I dan II. Terangkan berdasarkan teori perlanggaran.

Exercise 10.4 : Present of catalyst

Experiment

Eksperimen
I

Temperature,oC

Reactant

Bahan tindak balas

3

Excess of zinc, Zn powder and 25 cm hydrochloric acid,HCl 0.1 moldm

and copper (II) sulphate solution.

Suhu, 0C

-3

30 0C

Serbuk zink,Zn berlebihan dan 25 cm3 asid nitrik,HNO3 0.1 moldm-3

II

Excess of zinc, Zn powder and 25 cm3 nitric acid,HNO3 0.1 moldm-3

30 0C

Serbuk zink,Zn berlebihan dan 25 cm asid nitrik,HNO3 0.1 moldm

3

-3

Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II. Explain based on collision theory
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas di antara eksperimen I dan II. Terangkan berdasarkan teori perlanggaran.

Question 10.5 : Esei SPM 2012

Table 1 shows three sets of experiment to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan tiga set ekperiment untuk menyiasat faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas

Set

Reactant

Temperature
of the mixture

Bahan tindak balas

Suhu campuran

Time taken to collect 40 cm3 of

hydrogen gas (s)

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul

40 cm3 gas hidrogen gas (s)

25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric

acid + excess zinc powder

30 0C

90

II

25 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 hydrochloric

acid + excess zinc powder

30 0C

55

25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric

acid + excess zinc powder

40 0C

30

III

25 cm asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm

+ serbuk zink berlebihan.
3

-3

25 cm asid hidroklorik 0.4 mol dm

+ serbuk zink berlebihan.

-3

25 cm asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm

+ serbuk zink berlebihan.

-3

Table 1/Jadual 1
Based on table 1, compare the rates of reaction

Berdasarkan Jadual 1, bandingkan kadar tindak balas

(i)

Between set I and set II / antara set I dan set II

(ii)

Between set I and set III / antara set I dan set III

By reffering to collision theory, explain your answer in (i) or (ii)

Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan jawapan anda di (i) atau (ii).

[6 marks ]

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Question 10.6 :
A student carried out Experiment I and II to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction between
calcium carbonate and nitric acid. Table 26 shows the results of the experiment.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan Eksperimen I dan II untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dan asid nitrik. Jadual 10.5 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.
Experiment
Eksperimen

Reactants

Bahan tindak balas

Time taken for the

maximum volume of gas
collected (minute)

Masa yang diambil untuk

mengumpul isi padu
maksimum gas (minit)
(a)

II

Excess of calcium carbonate granules

and 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3nitric acid

Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan

dengan 50 cm3 asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm-3

Excess of calcium carbonate powder

and 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid

Serbuk kalsium karbonat berlebihan

dengan 50 cm3 asid nitrik 0.2 mol
dm-3

10.0

5.0

Table 10.5/Jadual 10.5

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and nitric acid.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid nitrik
..............................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(b)

Draw the apparatus set-up to carry out this experiment.

(c)

Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II in cm3s-1.

Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas untuk menjalankan eksperimen ini.

[2 marks]

Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan II dalam cm3s-1.

(i)

Experiment I
Eksperimen I

(ii) Experiment II
Eksperimen II

[2 marks]
(e)

(i) Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I and Eksperimen II.
............................................................................................................................. ...............
(ii) Explain your answer in (e)(i) based on the Collision Theory.

[1 mark]

Terangkan jawapan anda di (e)(i) berdasarkanTeori Perlanggaran.

............................................................................................................................. ..........
...........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. ..............

[3 marks]

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Chapter 11 : Carbon Compound

Question 11.1
Rajah 1menunjukkan formula strukturbagisuatusebatianhidrokarbon, Y.
Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of a hydrocarbon compound, Y.

Rajah 1
(a)

What is meant by hydrocarbon compound?

Apakah maksud sebatian hidrokarbon?

[ 1 markah]

(b)
(i)Namakansiri homolog sebatian Y.
Name the homologous series of compound Y.

(ii)Namakansebatian yang ditunjukkandalam Rajah 1

Name the compound shown in Diagram 1
.

[ 1 markah]

[ 1 markah]

(iii)Tuliskan formula molekulbagisebatiandalam(b) (ii)

Write the molecular formula of the compound in (b) (ii).
.
[ 1 markah]

Question 11.2

Rajah 7 / Figure 7

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(a)

(i)

Nyatakan siri homolog bagi sebatian X

State the homologous series for compound X

.
.

(ii)

Tuliskan formula molekul bagi sebatian X

Write the molecular formula of compound X.

.......................................................................................................................

(b)

(c)

[ 1 markah ]

Pada Rajah 7, bulatkan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian Y

In Figure 7, circle the functional group of compound Y.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan antara sebatian X dan sebatian Y.

[ 1 markah ]

[ 1 markah ]

Describe a chemical test to differentiate between compound X and compound Y.

..
.

(d)

............................................................................................................................. .....................................................................
[ 2markah ]
(i)

Jelaskan bagaimana Sebatian Y dapat disediakan daripada sebatian X.

Explain how Compound Y can be prepared from Compound X.

(ii)

Lukiskansusunanradasbagi (d) (i)

[ 3markah]

Draw the set-up of apparatus for (d) (i)

[ 2markah]
(e)

Sebatian Z boleh dihasilkan apabila sebatian X bertindakbalas dengan sebatian Y

Namakan ester Z.

Ester Z can be produced when compound X reacted with compound Y . Name ester Z.

[ 1markah]

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Question 11.3

Rajah 4 menunjukkan tindakbalas bagi sebatian P. Sebatian P adalah sebatian hidrokarbon tak tepu.

Diagram 4 shows the reactions of compound P. Compound P is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

a)

i)

Nyatakan maksud sebatian hidrokarbon tak tepu

ii)

.....
[ 1 markah]
Namakan sebatian P

State the meaning of unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Name compound P

b)

[ 1 markah]
Dalamtindakbalas I, sebatian P ditindak balaskan dengan wap air untuk menghasilkan sebatian R.
In reaction I, compound P is reacted with steam to produce compound R.

i)

Nyatakan syarat-syaratbagitindakbalas I
State the conditions for reaction I

ii)

Nyatakan perubahan siri Homolog dalam tindakbalas I

State the changes of homologous series in reaction I

..
c)

[ 1 markah]

Sebatian P bertindak balas dengan hidrogen dalam tindak balas II

[ 1 markah]

Compound P react with hydrogen in Reaction II.

i)

Namakan mangkin yang digunakan dalam tindakbalas ini.

Name the suitable catalystin this reaction.

..
ii)

[ 1 markah]
Dengan menggunakan formula struktur tunjukkan persamaan kimia yang berlaku bagaimana sebatian
P bertindakbalas dengan hidrogen untuk menghasilkan sebatian Q
By using structural formula show the equation how compound P reacts with hydrogen to form compound Q

d)

Sebatian R boleh bertukar semula kepada sebatian P

[ 1 markah]

Compound R can turn back to compound P

i)

Namakan tindakbalas yang berlaku

Name the reaction occurs.

.
ii)

[1markah]
Lukiskan susunan alat radas bagi tindakbalas yang menukarkan semula sebatian R kepada sebatian P
Draw the set-up of apparatus for the reaction to turn compound R back to compound P.

[2markah]

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Question 11.4
Diagram 11.4 shows a series of changes on alcohol J with a molecular formula C3H8O.

Rajah 11.4 menunjukkan siri penukaran alkohol J dengan formula molekul C3H8O.
Carbon dioxide and water

Karbon dioksida dan air

I

Dehydration
Propene

Alcohol J

Pendehidratan

Alkohol J

Propena

Propanoic acid

II

Asid propanoik
CH3CH2COOH

C3H7OH

III

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik pekat

Compound Y

Sebatian Y

Diagram 11.4
(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in process I.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia di dalam proses I.

..................

[1 mark]

(b) Alcohol J can be converted into propanoic acid through process II.
Alkohol J boleh ditukarkan kepada asid propanoik melalui proses II.

(i) State the name of process II.

Nyatakan nama proses II.

.............

[1 mark]

(ii) Describe briefly the method to prepare propanoic acid from alcohol J.
Huraikan secara ringkas kaedah menyediakan asid propanoik dari alkohol J.

.............................
......................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. ..........................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw the structural formula for all the isomers of alcohol J.
Lukiskan formula struktur semua isomer bagi alkohol J .

[2 marks]

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(c) Compound Y is produced from the reaction between alcohol J and propanoic acid through process III.

Sebatian Y dihasilkan dari tindak balas antara alkohol J dan asid propanoik melalui proses III.
(i) State the name of compound Y.

Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian Y.

............

[1 mark]

(ii) State a special characteristic for compound Y.

Nyatakan sifat istimewa bagi sebatian Y.

......................

[1 mark]

(d) Hexene can be converted to hexane by the hydrogenation process.

Desribe briefly one chemical test to differentiate between hexene and hexane.

Heksena boleh ditukarkan kepada heksana melalui proses penghidrogenan.

Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan antara heksena dan hexana. .
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................
............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................
[3 marks]

Question 11.5
Eksperimen : Penyediaan ester

Preparation of ester

Huraikan penyediaan etil propanoat dalam makmal.

Describe the preparation of ethyl propanoate in the laboratory

Bahan tindak balas :

Reactants

1. Etanol / Ethanol
2. Asid propanoik / propanoic acid

Alat radas : tabung didih, silinder pengukur, penunu Bunsen, kaki tiga, penitis,bikar
Material
: boiling tube, measuring cylinder, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, dropper,beaker

Cadangan jawapan :

Prosedur / procedures :
1.

Masukkan 2 cm3 asid propanoik (glasial) ke dalam tabung didih.

Pour 2 cm3 of (glacial) propanoic acid into a boiling tube

2. Tambah 2 cm3 etanol (glasial) kepada asid itu

Add 2 cm3 of (glacial) ethanol into the acid.

3. Tambah beberapa titik asid sulfurik pekat kepada campuran.

Add a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to the mixture.

4. Panaskan campuran

Heat the mixture

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Chapter 12 : Oxidation And Reduction

Exercise 12.1: Terangkan tindak balas penyesaran logam adalah tindak balas redok
Explain that displacement of metal reaction as the redox reaction.

Tindak balas

The displacement of metal between magnesium and copper(II) sulphate solution

Reaction

Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
Magnesium is higher ........................................................................................................................................
Magnesium can displace .....................................................................................................................................

Proses

Process

Penerangan
Explanation

Oxidation (anode)

Reduction (cathode)

. .. + .....e

... + .....e ..

Magnesium,Mg release .......................................

Copper(II) ion,Cu2+ ions gain .............................

...............................................................

..................................................................................

Mg acts as the ................... agent,

b) Tindak balas
Reaction

Cu2+ ions act as ...................................... agent.

Tindak balas di antara zink dan larutan argentum nitrat

The reaction copper and silver nitrate solution

Zn + AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + Ag
......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Proses

Pengoksidaan (anod) / Oxidation (anode)

Penurunan (katod) / Reduction (cathode)

. .. + .....e

... + .....e ..

process

Penerangan
Explanation

Question 12.2
Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan sususnan radas eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindak balas dalam tabung uji P dan Q
Diagram 12.3 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reactions that take place in test tube P and Q

Air bromine,Br2
Bromin water, Br2

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat,CuSO4

Copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 solution

Larutan ferum(II) sulfat,FeSO4

Iron(II) sulphate FeSO4 solution

Pita magnesium
Magnesium ribbon

Tabung uji P Tabung uji Q

Test tube P

Test tube Q

Rajah 12.2
a) Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas / State the observation for the reaction
i) dalam tabung uji P /in test tube P :
ii) dalam tabung uji Q/ in test tube Q :
[2 markah]

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b) Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh agen pengoksidaan dari segi perpindahan elektron.
State what is meant by oxidizing agent in terms of electron transfer.

[1 markah]

c) Merujuk tindak balas yang berlaku dalam tabung uji P / Referring to the reaction that takes place in test tube P.
i) Tuliskan persamaan setengah dalam magnesium/ Write a half equation in magnesium.

ii)

[1 markah]

Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan magnesium?

What is the change in the oxidation number of magnesium?

iii)

[1 markah]

Namakan agen pengoksidaan? / Name the oxidizing agent

[1 markah]

d) Merujuk tindak balas yang berlaku dalam tabung uji P / Referring to the reaction that takes place in test tube

i) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku?State the type of reaction that occurs

ii)

[1 markah]

Nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bromin dalam air bromin.

State the oxidation number of bromine in bromine water

[1 markah]

iii) Apakah fungsi air bromin?What is the function of bromine water?

[1 markah]

iv) Namakan bahan uji lain yang boleh menggantikan air bromin.
Name another reagent that can replace bromine water.

[1 markah]

Question 12.3
Berikut adalah tindak balas penyesaran logam/ The following is the metal displacement reaction
X(s)

CuSO4

(aq)

XSO4 (aq) +

Cu(s)

Cadangkan logam X untuk tindak balas tersebut dan terangkan tindak balas redok yang berlaku dari aspek
pemindahan elektron.

Suggest metal X for the reaction and explain the redox reaction in terms of the transfer of electrons that is occurred.

[7 marks]

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Question 12.4
Rajah 12.4 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.

Diagram 12.4 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to investigate electron transfer at a distance.

Electrode P

Electrode Q

Elektrod P

Elektrod Q

Iron (II) sulphate, FeSO4

Bromine water, Br2

Air bromine, Br2

solution

Larutan ferum (II) sulfat FeSO4

Sulphuric acid/asid sulfurik

Diagram 12.4/Rajah 12.4

Based on Diagram 12.4, answer the following questions

Berdasarkan Rajah 12.4 , jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(a)

Draw the flow of electron in Diagram 28/Lukiskan arah aliran elektron dalam Rajah 28.

(b)

State the function of sulphuric acid/Nyatakan fungsi asid sulfurik.

............................................................................................................................................

(c)

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

State the observations for iron(II) sulphate solution and bromine water.
Nyatakan pemerhatian untuk larutan ferum(II) sulfat dan air bromin.
Solution

Larutan

Observation

Pemerhatian

Iron(II) sulphate

Ferum (II) sulfat

Bromine water

Air bromin

[2 marks]
(d)

Write the half equation for the reactions that occur at electrode P and Q.

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod P dan Q
(i) Electrode P : ..... (ii) Electrode Q :

(e)

[2 marks]

State the oxidising agent and the reducing agent.

Nyatakan agen pengoksidaan dan agen penurunan.

(i) Oxidising agent : (ii) Reducing agent:

Agen pengoksidaan:

(f)

Agen penurunan

State the change of oxidation number for iron in iron(II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi ferum dalam larutan ferum(II) sulfat.
............................................................................................................................. ...............

(g)

[2 marks]

[1 mark]

Name one chemical substance that can be used to replace bromine water.

Namakan satu bahan kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan air bromin.
............................................................................................................................. ...............

[1 mark]

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Question 12.5
Diagram 12.5 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the effect of metals P and Q on the rusting of iron nail.
The results are recorded after one day.
Rajah 12.5 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan logam P dan Q ke atas pengaratan paku besi.

Keputusan dicatatkan selepas satu hari.

Experiment

Observation after 1 day

Eksperimen

Pemerhatian selepas 1 hari

Agar-agar solution with potassium

hexacyanoferrate(III) and
phenolphthalein solution.

Larutan agar-agar dengan larutan kalium

heksianoferat(III) dan fenolftalein

Some dark blue

precipitate.

Sedikit mendakan biru.

Iron nail

Paku besi
Agar-agar solution with potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) and
phenolphthalein solution.

Larutan agar-agar dengan larutan kalium

heksianoferat(III) dan fenolftalein

Iron nail wrapped with metal P

Paku besi dililit dengan logam P
Agar-agar solution with potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) and
phenolphthalein solution.

Larutan agar-agar dengan larutan kalium

heksianoferat(III) dan fenolftalein

Iron nail wrapped with metal Q

Paku besi dililit dengan logam Q

Large amount of dark

blue precipitate

Banyak mendakan biru.

No dark blue precipitate.

Solution turns pink.

Tiada mendakan biru.

Larutan bertukar merah
jambu.

Rajah 1.5
a)

Nyatakan fungsi larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III) dalam eksperimen ini.

State the function of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution in this experiment.

[1 mark]

b) Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi pembentukan ion ferum(II) daripada ferum.

Write the half equation for the formation of iron(II) ion from iron.

c)

[1 mark]

Dalam tabung uji manakah menunjukkan pengaratan besi yang paling cepat. Terangkan jawapan anda.
In which test tube, iron rust the fastest? Explain your answer.

d) Susun logam Fe, P dan Q mengikut urutan menurun keelektropositifan.

Arrange the metal Fe, P and Q in decreasing order of electropositivity.

[2 marks]

[1 mark]

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Question 15 ;
Table 1 shows the observations of two experiments to determine the position of carbon the reactivity series of
metal.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen untuk menentukan kedudukan karbon dalam siri
kereaktifan logam.
Experiment
I

II

III

Reactants

Observation

Carbon + oxide of metal P

Karbon + oksida logam P

A flame spreads to the whole mixture.

A brown residue is formed.

Carbon + oxide of metal Q

No change

Carbon + oxide of metal R

A glow spreads to the whole mixture. A grey

residue is formed.

Nyalaan merebak ke ke seluruhan campuran.

Baki berwarna perang terbentuk.

Karbon + oksida logam Q

Tiada perubahan

Karbon + oksida logam R

Baraan merebak ke keseluruhan campuran.

Baki berwarna kelabu terbentuk.
Table 1

Based on observations in Table 1, arrange the reactivity of metals P, Q, and R in descending order. Explain your
answer.
Suggest one metal for Q.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 8, susun kereaktifan logam-logam P, Q dan R dalam turutan menurun.
Terangkan jawapan anda. Cadangkan satu logam bagi Q.

CHAPTER 13 : THERMOCHEMISTRY
Question 13.1 :Heat of Displacement
In an experiment to determine the heat of displacement of iron by magnesium, excess magnesium powder is
added to 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 iron (II) sulphate solution.
The results of the experiment are as shown below.
Initial temperature of iron (II) sulphate solution
Highest temperature of the mixture

= 30.5 0C.
= 40.0 0C.

Calculate the heat of displacement of iron

Dalam satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba penyesaran ferum daripada magnesium, serbuk magnesium berlebihan
ditambahkan kepada ,50 cm3 larutan ferum(II) sulfat 0.2 moldm-3.
Keputusan eksperimen seperti ditunjukkan di bawah. Hitung haba penyesaran ferum.
Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; ketumpatan larutan =1 g cm-3]

[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3]

(ans ; -199.5 kJ/mol)

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Question 13.2
Rajah 13.2 menunjukkan susunan radas satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba penyesaran bagi tindak balas
di antara larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dan serbuk zink berlebihan.
Diagram 12 shows the set-up of apparatus of an experiment to determine the heat of displacement for the
reaction between copper(II) sulphate solution and excess zinc powder.

Serbuk zink berlebihan

Excess zinc powder

50.0 cm3 larutan kuprum(II)

sulfat 0.5 moldm-3
50.0 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 copper(II)
sulphate solution

Diagram 1

a)

Keputusan adalah seperti di bawah

The results are as follows:
Suhu awal larutan kuprum(II) sulfat
Suhu tertinggi campuran
-1 o -1
[Muatan haba tentu air : 4.2 Jg C ;
Jisim atom relatif: O=16, S=32,Cu=64, Zn=65]

= 28.5 C
o
= 33.5 C

Initial temperature of copper (II) sulphate solution = 28.5 C

o
Highest temperature of the mixture
= 33.5 C
-1 o -1
[Heat capacity of water : 4.2 Jg C ;
Relative atomic mass: O=16, S=32,Cu=64, Zn=65]

Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindakbalas tersebut /Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
....

b)

[1 mark]

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian daripada eksperimen / State one observation from the experiment.
...

c)

[1 mark]

Berdasarkan kepada eksperimen, kirakan / Based on the experiment, calculate

i)

haba yang dibebaskan / the heat released

(ans:1050 J)
[2 marks]
ii)

bilangan mol kuprum yang terbentuk / the number of moles of copper that is formed
(ans:0.025mol)
[1 mark]

iii)

haba penyesaran bagi tindakbalas ini / heat of displacement for the reaction

(ans:-42 kJ)
[2 marks]

d)

Mengapa serbuk zink digunakan dalam eksperimen ini? / Why zinc powder is used in the experiment?
.......

e)

[1 mark]

Lukiskan gambarajah aras tenaga bagi tindakbalas / Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction

[2 marks]

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Question 13.3
An experiment is carried out to determine the heat of combustion of methanol, CH3OH.
The results of the experiment are shown below.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan haba pembakaran methanol,CH3OH
Keputusan eksperimen adalah ditunjukkan seperti di bawah.

Calculate the heat of combustion of methanol/ Hitungkan haba pembakaran metanol

Volume of water used

= 100 cm3

Initial temperature of water

= 29.0 oC

Highest temperature of water reached

= 51.0 oC

Isi padu air yang digunakan

Suhu awal air

Suhu tertinggi air yang dicapai

Mass of spirit lamp + methanol before combustion

= 156.55 g

Jisim pelita + methanol sebelum pembakaran

Final mass of spirit lamp + methanol after combustion

Jisim pelita + methanol selepas pembakaran

= 156.05 g

[Relative atomic mass ; C=12, H=1, O=16]

(ans: -59.31 kJ mol-1)

Question 13.4
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan haba pembakaran bagi propanol.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi.

An experiment is carried out to determine the heat of combustion of propanol. Table 1 shows the results obtained.

Jisim lampu + propanol sebelum pembakaran(g)

30.69

Jisim lampu + propanol sebelum pembakaran (g)

29.85

Mass of lamp + propanol before combustion (g)

Mass of lamp + propanol after combustion (g)

Isipadu air , cm3 / Volume of water, cm3

Suhu awal , oC / Initial temperature , C
Suhu tertinggi , oC / Highest temperature , C

200
28.0
59.0

Jadual 1 / Table 1
(a)

Lukiskan satu gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini
Draw a labelled diagram of apparatus set-up used in this experiment

[2 marks]
(b)

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran lengkap propanol.

Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of propanol.

...

[2 marks]

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(c)

Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen, hitung;

Based on the results of the experiment, calculate:

i)

haba yang dibebaskan apabila propanol dibakar / heat released when propanol is burnt
[Diberi muatan haba tentu air adalah 4.2 J g-1 C-1]
[Given that the specific heat capacity for water is 4.2 J g-1 C-1]

(ans:26040 J)
[1 mark]
ii)

bilangan mol propanol yang terbakar/ number of moles of propanol burnt.

[Diberi jisim molekul relatif propanol adalah 60]
[Given that relative molecular mass of propanol is 60]

[1 mark]
iii)

Haba pembakaran propanol dalam eksperimen ini. / Heat of combustion of propanol.in this experiment

[2 marks]
(d)

Haba pembakaran yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen ini adalah lebih rendah daripada nilai teori
sebenar. Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang patut diambil untuk mendapatkan nilai haba
pembakaran yang lebih tepat
The heat of combustion obtained in this experiment is less than the actual theoretical value.
Suggest one precaution that should be taken to obtain a more accurate value of the heat of combustion .

..............

[1 mark]

Question 13.5 : Heat of Precipitate

100 cm3 of 0.025 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution reacts with 100 cm3 of 0.025 mol dm-3 potassium bromide
solution at temperature of 30 0C.
A yellow precipitate was formed and the highest temperature reached is 36 0C.
Determine the heat of precipitation/ tentukan haba pemendakan

(ans; - 2016 kJ mol-)

Question 13.6: Heat of Precipitation

Diagram 1 shows the set-up of the apparatus used in an experiment to determine the heat of precipitation.
3
-3
3
-3
25cm of 0.5 moldm of barium chloride solution is added with 25.0 cm of 0.5 moldm of sodium sulphate
solution.
Thermometer
Thermometer

Cawan polistrena
Polystyrene cup

Larutan barium klorida + larutan natrium

sulfat
Barium chloride solution +Sodium sulphate
solution

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The following data in Table 1 was obtained.

Suhu awal larutan natrium sulfat

28 .3 0C

Suhu awal larutan barium klorida

28 .7 0C

Suhu tertinggi campuran

31. 0 0C

Initial temperature of sodium sulphate solution

Initial temperature of barium chloride solution
Highest temperature of mixture

Table 1
(a)

Nyatakan maksud haba pemendakan / State the meaning of heat of precipiatation ?

(b)

[1 mark]

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian bagi ekperimen itu / State one observation of the experiment.
..
[1 mark]

(c)

Lengkapkan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas yang berlaku

Complete the ionic equation for the reaction that occurred.
Ba2+ + SO2-4

(d)

[1 mark]

Hitungkan / Calculate
i)
Perubahan haba dalam tindak balas dalam tindak balas itu / the change of heat in the
experiment.
Use the formula , H = mc
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1 ; ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]
[Specific heat capacity of water: 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; density of solution = = 1 g cm-3]

(ans;525 J)
ii)

Haba pemendakan dalam eksperimen ini / The heat of precipitation in the experiment.
Bilangan mol barium klorida = bilangan mol natrium sulfat yang betindak balas .
The number of moles of barium chloride = the number of moles of sodium sulphate that reacted

[2 marks]
(ans 0.0125 mol ; 42 kJmol-1)
e)

Ekperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan 25.0cm3 larutan barium klorida 1.0moldm-3 dan 25.0
cm3 larutan natrium sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3. Ramalkan perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen ini.

The experiment is repeated using 25cm3 of 1.0moldm-3 barium chloride solution and 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sodium sulphate solution. Predict the temperature change in this experiment.

....
[1 mark]

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Question 13.7 : Heat of neutralisation

In an experiment to determine the heat of neutralisation, 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl at
29.5 0C is added to 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution which is also at 29.5 0C in a
plastic cup.
The mixture is then stirred and the highest temperature reached is 41.5 0C.
Calculate the heat of neutralisation for the experiment.

(ans;- 50.4 kJmol-1)

Question 13.8 : Compare the heat of neutralisation
Table shows the values of heat of reaction between different types of acids and alkalis.
Reaction

Chemical equation

Heat of reaction

NaOH +HCl NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

57 kJ

II

KOH +HNO3 KNO3(aq) + H2O(l)

57 kJ

III

2NaOH + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)

114kJ

IV

NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) +H2O(l)

55kJ

Explain why/ terangkan mengapa

heat of reaction I equal to heat of reaction II

heat of reaction III is double the heat of reaction I

heat of reaction IV is less than heat of reaction I

heat of neutralisation of reaction III is 57 kJmol and not 114 kJmol .

-1

-1

[ 7 marks ]
Question 13.9
Describe an experiment to determined the heat of neutralisation between dilute hydrochloric acid and
sodium hydroxide solution. You must include the calculation and precautions that need to be taken.
Prosedur
Procedure:

1.

Sukat 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 larutan natrium hidroksida.

Measure 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide 0.1 mol dm-3 solution.

2. Masukkan larutan itu ke dalam cawan polistrirena

Pour the solution into a polystyrene cup.
3. Catat suhu awal larutan / Record the initial temperature of the solution
4. Sukat 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik
Measure 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 1.0 moldm-3.
5. Tuangkan larutan itu ke dalam cawan polistirena. / Pour the solution into another
polystyrene cup.
Catat suhu awal larutan/ Record the initial temperature of the solution.
6. Tuangkan asid hidroklorik dengan cepat dan berhati-hati ke dalam larutan natrium
hidroksida
Pour hydrochloric acid quickly and carefully into the sodium hydroxide solution.
7. Kacau campuran dengan termometer./Stir the mixtute using a thermometer.
8. Catat suhu tertinggi yang dicapai./ Record the highest temperature reached.
Data
Data

Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution = T1 0C.

Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid = T2 0C
Highest temperature
= T3 0C

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Calculation

Average temperature of acid and alkali = T1 + T2

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= Tx 0C
2

Increase in temperature
= (T3-Tx) = 0C
Heat released in the reaction
= (50 +50) ( C ) = P Joule
Number of mole of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid = 50 x 2
= 0.1 mol
1000
0.1 mole of hydrochloric acid reacts with 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide to release P joule
of heat.
Thus , 1 mole of hydrochloric acid reacts with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide to release
1 x P J haba = H Joule
0.1
Heat of neutralisation, H =

H kJmol-11000

Chapter 14 : Chemical For Consumer

Question 14.1
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas dalam penyediaan sabun dalam makmal.
The following equation shows a reaction in the preparation of soap in a laboratory

Minyak kelapa sawit + natrium hidroksida pekat

Palm oil

a)

Concentrated sodium hydroxide

Natrium palmitat
sodium palmitate

+
+

gliserol
glycerol

Apakah nama tindak balas ini ? / What is the name of this reaction?
..

b)

[1 markah]

Apakah Siri Homolog minyak kelapa sawit? / What is the homologous series of palm oil?
..
[1 markah]

c)

Lengkapkan bahagian anion zarah sabun dalam ruang yang disediakan.

Complete the anion part of the soap particle in the space provided

[1 markah]

d)

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tindakan pencucian zarah detergen terhadap kotoron gris baju
Diagram 4.1 shows part of the washing action of detergent particles on grease stained cloth.

Rajah 14.1/ Diagram 14.1

[1 markah]

i)

Nyatakan bahagian zarah detergen yang larut dalam gris

State the part of a detergent particle that is soluble in grease

..
[1 markah]

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ii)

Berdasarkan rajah 4.1, terangkan tindakan pencucian zarah detergen pada gris kotoran.
Based on diagram 4.1, explain the washing action of detergent particles on greasy stains.

.............................
........................ ................................. [3 markah]

iii)

Lengkapkan rajah 4.2 untuk menunjukkan keadaan gris dan zarah detergen apabila air dikacau.
Complete diagram 4.2 to show the condition of grease and detergent particles when the water is stirred

Rajah 14.2 / Diagram 14.2

[1 mark]

Question 14.2
Dua bahan pencuci, X dan Y digunakan untuk mencuci pakaian menggunakan air sungai dan air laut.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi.
Two cleaning agents, P and Q, are used to wash clothes in river water and sea water. Table 7 shows the result obtained.

Bahana pencuci

Air sungai

Air laut

Cleaning agent

River water

Sea water

Tidak membentuk kekat

Membentuk kekat

X
Y

Does not form scum

Form scum

Tidak membentuk kekat

Tidak membentuk kekat

Does not form scum

Does not form scum

Jadual 7 / Table 7
(i)

Apakah jenis agen pencuci X dan Y / What are the type of cleaning agents X and Y?
P: Q:
[2 markah]

(ii)

Apakah maksud kekat? / What is the meaning of scum?

[1 markah]

(iii) Namakan dua ion dalam air laut yang menyebabkan pembentukan kekat.
Name two ions in sea water that cause the formation of scum.

[2 markah]

(iv) Nyatakan satu kelebihan bahan pencuci X berbanding dengan bahan pencuci Y.
State one advantage of cleaning agent X compared to Y.

[1 markah]

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Question 14.3 : Food addtives

(a)

Diagram shows a label of food packages.

Rajah menunjukkan satu label pembungkus makanan.

(i)

Name one food additive used in the ice cream.

Namakan satu bahan tambah makanan dalam ais-krim itu.

(ii)

[1 mark]

State the function of food additive in (a)(i).

Nyatakan fungsi bahan dalam (a)(i).

(iii)

Ethyl butanoate is an example of ester. Draw the structural formula of ethyl butanoate.

[1 mark]

Etil butanoat adalah satu contoh ester. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi etil butanoat.

[1 mark]
(b)

Diagram shows the flow chart for the preparation of detergent R.

Rajah menunjukkan carta aliran untuk penyediaan detergen R.

(i)

Name detergent R.

Namakan detergen R.
..

(ii)

[1 mark]

State the process A and process B.

Nyatakan proses A dan proses B.

Process A :
Process B :
[2 marks]

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(iii)

Based on the structure of detergent R, circle and label the hydrophilic part and hydrophobic
part.

Berdasarkan struktur detergen R, bulatkan dan labelkan bahagian hidrofilik dan hidroforbik.

[2 marks]
(iv)

Give one example of additive in detergent.

Berikan satu contoh bahan tambah dalam detergen.

(v)

[1 mark]

State one advantage of using detergent as a cleaning agent compare to soap.

Nyatakan satu kelebihan menggunakan detergen sebagai agen pencuci berbanding sabun.
...........................................................................................
[1 mark]

Question 14.4
Rajah 11 menunjukkan senarai kandungan bagi sejenis makanan
Diagram 11 shows a list of ingredients for type of food.

AGAR-AGAR NANAS
PINEAPPLE JELLY

Etil butanoat /Ethyl butanoate

Sukrosa / Sucrose
Asid sitrik / Citric acid
Gelatine / Gelatine
Natrium benzoat / Sodium benzoate
Rajah 11 / Diagram 11
Daripada senarai kandungan, pilih dua bahan yang digunakan sebagai bahan tambah makanan.
Nyatakan fungsi setiap bahan tambah makanan yang kamu pilih.
From the list of ingredient, select two substances used as food additives.
State the function of each food additive that you have selected.
[ 4 marks]

Panduan :
Bahan

Fungsi

Substances

Function

Etil butanoat
Ethyl butanoate

Sukrosa
Sucrose

Asid sitrik
Citric acid

Gelatine
Gelatine

Natrium benzoat
Sodium benzoate

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Question 14.5 ;Food addtives

Rajah 14.5 menunjukkan label satu minuman ringan / Diagram 14.5 shows the label of soft drink.
Ramuan
:
Diagram/ Ingredient
2
Air, asid sitrik, aspartame, oktil butanoat dan tartazina
Water, citric acid, aspartame, octyl butanoate,and tartazine.

Tarikh luput : 03 Jan 2015

Expiry date :

Berdasarkan ramuan yang digunakan, kelaskan jenis bahan tambah yang terkandung dalam minuman ringan.
Based on the ingredient used, classify the type of food additives that contained in this soft drink.

[4 markah]
Panduan :

Question 14.6 : Medices

The information below is about modern medicine.
Maklumat dibawah ialah tentang ubat moden.

Aspirin / Aspirin

Penicilin /Penisilin

Paracetamol /Paracetamol

Codeine / kodeina

Chloropromazin / Kloropromazin

Caffeine / Kafein

Moden medicines can be classified as analgesics , antibiotics and psychotherapeutic drugs.

Construct a table to group the medicines into three different classes.

Ubat moden boleh dikelaskan sebagai analgesik , antibiotik dan ubat psikoterapeutik.
Bina satu jadual untuk mengelaskan ubat itu kepada tiga kelas yang berlainan .
[ 4 marks ]

Question 14.7 : Essay

Anda dibekalkan dengan cecair sabun, contoh air liat, contoh air lembut serta bahan-bahan lain. Huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan pencucian sabun dalam jenis air yang berbeza.
Huraianandahendaklahmengandungicontoh air liat dan air lembut,pemerhatian dan kesimpulan.

You are given liquid soap, sample of hard water, sample of soft water and other materials.
Describe an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of cleaning action of the soap in different types of
water. Your description must include example of hard and soft water, observation and conclusion.

[ 10 marks]
*************** Modul Latihan Tingkatan 5 SPM ******************

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