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Overview
Why VoIP?
Voice Codec
Signaling & Control Protocols
Quality of Service
Design a VoIP network
Why VOIP ?
Cost reduction
Toll by-pass
Operational Improvement
Common network infrastructure
Simplification of Routing Administration
Yesterdays Network
Converged Network
Components of VOIP
Coding & Decoding of Analog Voice
Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog conversions
Compression
Signaling
Call setup & tear down
Resource & coding negotiation
Transport of Bearer Traffic
Voice packet transmission
Routing
Support of quality of service
Numbering
Phone number, IP address
VOIP Protocols
H.323:
ITU-T standard, latest version v4
Peer-to-peer protocol that supports terminals communicating
over packet based networks
SIP:
IETF standard, RFC 3261
Peer-to-peer protocol for initiation, modification termination of
communication sessions between users
MGCP:
ITU-T and IETF collaboration, RFC 3435
Master/slave protocol for media gateway controller to control media gateway.
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H.323 Components
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SIP Registration
SIP Registration
Establishes presence of user with an
address (eg.dave@abc.com)
Binds this address to users current
location (199.147.77.23)
dave@ 199.147.67.23
Location sever
SIP register
SIP / 2.0 200 OK
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OK 200
VIA: dave@abc.com
FROM: sip:dave@abc.com
TO: sip:john@xyz.com
Call-id: 1234@abc.com
Where is john?
INVITE sip:john@xyz.com
VIA: dave@abc.com
FROM: sip:dave@abc.com
TO: sip:john@xyz.com
Call-ID: 1234@abc.com
john@195.127.75.123
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INVITE sip:john@195.127.75.123
VIA: proxy@internet.com
VIA: dave@abc.com
FROM: sip:dave@abc.com
TO: sip:john@xyz.com
Call-id: 1234@abc.com
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Proxy Server
ACK sip:john@xyz.com
VIA: dave@abc.com
FROM: sip:dave@abc.com
TO: sip:john@xyz.com
Call-id: 1234@abc.com
Media Streams
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OK 200
VIA: proxy@internet.com
VIA: dave@abc.com
FROM: sip:dave@abc.com
TO: sip:john@xyz.com
Call-id: 1234@abc.com
Location Server
Where is
john
john@def.
com
INVITE sip:john@xyz.com
VIA dave @abc.com
1 From sip:dave@abc.com
To sip:john@xyz.com
Call ID 1234@abc.com
Redirect Server
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INVITE sip:john@def.com
VIA dave@abc.com
To sip:john@def.com
Call ID 1234@abc.com
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OK 200
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ACK john@def.com
Media Stream
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Network servers:
Proxy server: relay calls, act as both client and server
Redirect server: redirect calls to other servers
Registrar: accept user registration
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SIP Messages
SIP is a text-based protocol with message syntax and header fields identical to HTTP
Message header includes:
General header
Entity header
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SIP Messages
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