Instituto Politcnico Nacional

Escuela Superior de Cmputo

Fundamental analysis circuit laboratory

Practice 8: Oscilloscope operation

Group: 1CV13
Team members:
Jagey Camarena Larry Fielding
Date of delivery: November 26, 2015

Practice 8: Oscilloscope operation

Objectives:
After the practice, students will be able to:

The handling of the oscilloscope controls.

Evaluate the setting signal for test probes of general purpose oscilloscope.
To operate a signal generator voltage in sine, square and triangular function.
Measure dc voltage input using the horizontal or the vertical input of the oscilloscope.
Obtain and evaluate voltage versus time graphs in basic circuits for measuring amplitudes,
periods and frequencies of voltage signals.
Use the two vertical posts of the oscilloscope for measuring the phase displacement between
two sine signals by way Y (t) and the Lissajous figures in XY mode.

Equipment
By laboratory

Material
By students

1 Oscilloscope
1 Function Generator
1 Variable voltage source
1 Multimeter

1 Tablet breadboard connection

1 Resistor 4.7 K Watt.
2 Resistors 10K Watt
1 Capacitor 0.15 F
3 Tips for oscilloscope
1 Connecting cable BNC-BNC
6 Tips banana-alligator
Connecting wire for breadboard
Cutting tongs and needle nose pliers

I.- Theoretical introduction:

Operating principle of the oscilloscope.
The operation of this measuring instrument is similar to kinescopes of television receivers: the
electron gun (cathode) sends a beam to a coated with a phosphor screen; during its journey, the
beam passes through stages of approach (screens) and acceleration (anodic attraction), so that
when it hits the screen a blip occurs, through conveniently located baffles, it is possible to modify
the straight path electrons, both vertically and horizontally, enabling the deployment of various
information. Allowing to observe details that other means would be impossible to visualize.

II.- Practice Development.

II.1.- Measurement of the setting signal oscilloscope probes.
Energize the oscilloscope and locate on the face of it, the terminal calibration test. Connect this
terminal to channel 1 (CH1) by cable for oscilloscope and then select the trigger source (must
be CH1). Adjust the monitor voltage amplitude (volts / div) and timebase (time / div) to a scale to
adequately visualize a complete cycle of the calibration test signal. Draw on the graticule shown
the output signal to report the characteristics of the signal obtained in both amplitude and
frequency.

For channel 1:
Time/Div= 250 Seg/Div
Volts/Div = 2 Volts/Div

For channel 2:
Time/Div= 250 Seg/Div
Volts/Div = 2 Volts/Div

The period T is calculated as follows:

T= (time/div) X (No. of horizontal divisions)
For channel 1 :
T= 250 s X 4 = 1000 s

For channel 2 :
T= 250 s X 4 = 1000 s

The frequency value is calculated as follows: F = 1 / T

For channel 11 :
F=1/1000 s = 1KHz

For channel 2 :
F=1/1000 s = 1KHz

The amplitude value of peak-to-peak voltage is calculated as follows:

V= (volts/div) X (No. of vertical divisions)
For channel 1 :
V= 2 X 2.5 = 5 Vpp

For channel 2 :
V= 2 X 2.5 =5 Vpp

Note:
Signal adjustment of terminals calibration test is generated internally by the oscilloscope,
the values measured of both frequency and amplitude should correspond with legend
marked on the face of the same.

II.2.- Checking the operation of the signal generator.

II.2.1.- Energize the signal generator, connect its output terminal to the input of the oscilloscope
channel 1, for this use your BNC-BNC cable connectors. Adjust the frequency of the signal from
the generator to 10KHz and amplitude to 10 Vpp. Select different waveforms delivery function
generator as requested and fill the following table according.

Function type

Amplitude
Vpp (Volts)

Period
T (sec)

Frequency
F (Hz)

SINE

10

4x25ms = 100ms

1/100ms = 10KHz

TRIANGULAR

10

4x25ms = 100ms

1/100ms = 10KHz

SQUARE

10

4x25ms = 100ms

1/100ms = 10KHz

Signal shape
(draw)

II.2.2.- Select a triangular signal 5 Vpp at a frequency of 10KHz. Connect to the input of the
oscilloscope channel 1, select the coupling position to GND and verify that the trace crossing in
the center of the graticule of the oscilloscope. As a next step, select the CD coupling position of
that instrument. Activate the OFFSET voltage generation in the generator, and find the minimum
and maximum values of OFFSET to draw the oscillograms obtained in the following graticules.

MAXIMUM VOLTAGE OF D.C. ADDED

TO SIGNAL

MINIMUM VOLTAGE OF D.C. ADDED TO

SIGNAL

OFFSETMAX = 7.6 Volts

OFFSETMIN = -8 Volts

II.3.- The oscilloscope as XY plotter with CD signals.

Cartesian displacement subject to different polarities of DC voltage on the input terminals of the
oscilloscope electron beam is measured.
Place the oscilloscope in XY mode selector coupling of both channels in the GND position
(ground). Use the controls POSITION POSITION X and Y, to place strokes of both channels at
the origin (reference 0Vx, 0Vy), with the point in the center of the oscilloscope screen.
Note:
In some oscilloscopes this mode is selected by turning the time base (TIME / DIV) to the
XY position on other models there is a button to select the mode.
Subsequently, connect the circuit shown in the figure below, and with oscilloscope probes
connected to the points indicated in each case. Make the measurements listed below, with the
selectors coupling of X and Y oscilloscope channels to CD. Draw the result of each measurement
by placing the corresponding number on the same graticule using in each case a different color.

Measurements performed using the oscilloscope probes:

1) Positive channel X to point A and negative channel X to point C.
2) Positive channel Y to point B and negative of channel Y to point C.
3) Positive channel X to point A, positive channel Y to point B and negatives of both channels
to point C.
4) Same connection above but with the Y inverted channel.
5) Positive channel X to point B, positive channel Y to point C, negatives of both channels
to point A and channel Y inverted.

II.4.- The oscilloscope as XY plotter with AC signals.

The phase angle () existing between the electrical signals in and out of an RC circuit energized
with sinusoidal voltage will be measured.
The following figures show two methods for measuring the phase angle () and equations for
calculation. The first is done using the oscilloscope as plotter versus time Y (t). The second mode
is performed using the oscilloscope as XY plotter and is known as the method of Lissajous.

angsenB / A

(360)(a) / T

Since it is measuring the phase angle (which is a function of time), you can make the
measurement of this even though the variables controls volts / div, both Channel 1 and Channel
2, are in a different position. Connect the oscilloscope to the next circuit for the R phase angle
with respect to the input signal using both methods and draw the resulting signals in the following
graticules.

Y(t) Mode

XY Mode

Volts/div= 2 v
Time/div= 500s

Volts/div = 2 v
Time/div = 500s

Calcule el ngulo de desfasamiento, utilizando la ecuacin correspondiente para cada caso.

55.38

arcsin(2.5/3.2)= 51.37

III.- Questionnaire
1.- How to use the oscilloscope to measure voltage and frequency?
To measure the voltage with the oscilloscope just have to count the vertical divisions occupying
the signal on the screen and multiplied by the value of volts per division. Thus we can measure
the peak to peak voltage. It is important to use the controls to obtain a scale that allows us to
make a reliable measurement. We also can help cursors and vertical positioning of the signal on
the graticule.
For the frequency first have to measure the signal period. This is measured as
explained above for the voltage but on the horizontal axis. The frequency is calculated
as the inverse of the period.
2.- What is the function of a function generator?
Produces time-varying currents. The shape of variation of these currents is set to three specific
types: square, triangular and sinusoidal.
3.- What is the use for the graphs of Lissajous?
They were used to measure the angle of existing phase displacement between the electrical input
and output signals in an energized with sinusoidal voltage RC circuit. They are obtained from the
superposition of two perpendicular harmonic motions:
x = amplitude * cos (frequency 1 * time)
y = amplitude * sin (frequency 2 * time + lag time)
4.- What operating modes Y (t) and XY are used?
In operation XY position of the light spot in the X and Y coordinates it depends on the
instantaneous voltage of the signal input for the X channel and the channel Y. Lissajous figures
thus obtained.
Mode Y (t) is the principal mode of operation of the oscilloscope displays the variables as a
function of time. We can use it to measure the period, the frequency and amplitude of the signal.
5.- What D.C. coupling means?
In this position the signal to be measured is presented exactly as it is. (A combination of AC and
DC).
You are careful and take into account the DC component of the signal (which is eliminated in the
AC measurement), can have a large value and causing the signal on the screen can not be seen.
To solve the problem vertical measuring scale properly set.
6.- What is a signal OFFSET?
Regulates the output voltage is superimposed on the variable signal output time. It's like adding
a voltage signal.
7.- Which means that a signal is out of phase?
That different signals having different initial phases. A is delayed relative to the other.

IV.- Conclusions
The oscilloscope helps us to measure the phase shift signals. It also helps us visualize an
alternating current signal. We learned to measure different parameters thanks to the graphic
that shows the oscilloscope.
The correct way to do the wiring to measure signals generated by a simple circuit was also
observed.
Two different methods were applied to measure the angles of offset between two signals and
learned to generate Lissajous figures.
V.- Bibliography
[1] Osciloscopio virtual [available online]:
http://rabfis15.uco.es/lvct/tutorial/22/ayuda/controles.htm