5HY/DWLQRDP3VLTXLDWUtD

Artculo original
Nios criados en cautiverio
0LJXHO&KHUUR$JXHUUH &DUOD)UDQFROLQR 'HOQD0LOOHU &RQVXHOR7RUUHJURVD2VRULR 
)HOLSH/HFDQQHOLHU0DUtD,QpV$UULHWD0DLWH3H\URX

RESUMEN
Antecedentes:8UXJXD\VXIULyXQDGLFWDGXUDPLOLWDUGHD'XUDQWHHVHODSVRGHWLHPSRDOJXQRVQLxRVQDFLHURQRIXHURQFULDGRV
HQFDXWLYHULRMXQWRDVXVPDGUHVSUHVDV
Objetivo:H[SORUDUORVHIHFWRVGHOFDXWLYHULRDWUDYpVGHODHYDOXDFLyQGHGLH]GHDTXHOORVQLxRVDFWXDOPHQWHHQODWHUFHUDGpFDGDGHODYLGD
Material y mtodo:VHPLGLyHODSHJR\ODVLQWRPDWRORJtDSVLFROyJLFDHQHVWHJUXSRGHGLH]QLxRV\HQRWURVLPLODUTXHVLUYLyFRPRFRQWURO
/RVLQVWUXPHQWRVXWLOL]DGRVFRQHVWHQIXHURQOD(QWUHYLVWDGH3URWRWLSRGH$SHJR$GXOWR(3$$\HO/LVWDGR5HYLVDGRGH6tQWRPDV
6&/5/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQHVXQWUDEDMRLQWHUQDFLRQDOSXHVLQYROXFUDSDUWLFLSDQWHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD5HS~EOLFDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG
&DWyOLFDGHO8UXJXD\\GHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGHO'HVDUUROORGH6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH
Resultados:DDSHJRGHODPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRVSUHVHQWyHOSURWRWLSRSUHGRPLQDQWHH[FHVLYDPHQWHVREUHSURWHFWRU3GHDSHJR
LQVHJXUR(QFDPELRGHORVVXMHWRVGHOJUXSRFRQWUROSUHVHQWyDSHJRVHJXUR\VyORDSHJRSUHRFXSDGRDPELYDOHQWH33(O
JUXSRFRQVWLWXLGRSRUVXMHWRVTXHVXIULHURQFDXWLYHULRWXYRSXQWXDFLRQHVVLJQLFDWLYDPHQWHPiVDOWDVTXHHOJUXSRFRQWUROHQORVSURWRWLSRV
\EVtQWRPDVSVLFROyJLFRVHVHJUXSRWDPELpQWXYRSXQWDMHVPiVDOWRVHQHO6&/5HQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQHOJUXSRFRQWURO
Conclusiones:VHREVHUYyXQDFRUUHODFLyQVLJQLFDWLYDHQWUHORVVtQWRPDVSVLFROyJLFRV\HODSHJRHVGHFLUORVSXQWDMHVDOWRVHQVtQWRPDV
SVLFROyJLFRVVHFRUUHODFLRQDURQFRQORVGHDSHJRLQVHJXUR\ORVEDMRVFRQHODSHJRVHJXUR
Palabras clave: DSHJRFDXWLYHULRFULDQ]D(33$6&/5

ABSTRACT
Background:8UXJXD\VXIIHUHGDPLOLWDU\GLFWDWRUVKLS'XULQJWKLVSHULRGVRPHFKLOGUHQZHUHERUQRUUDLVHGLQMDLOWRJHWKHU
ZLWKWKHLUPRWKHUV
Objective:([SORUHWKHSRVVLEOHHIIHFWVRIFDSWLYLW\RQWKHHDUO\OLYHVRIWHQRIWKRVHFKLOGUHQQRZLQWKHLUWKLUWLHVZKRDJUHHGWRWDNHSDUW
LQWKLVVWXG\
Method and material::HPHDVXUHGWKHDWWDFKPHQWDQGSV\FKRORJLFDOV\PSWRPVLQWKLVJURXSRIIRUPHUFKLOGUHQUDLVHGLQFDSWLYLW\DQGLQ
DVDPSOHFRQWUROJURXSXVLQJWKH3URWRW\SH$GXOW$WWDFKPHQW,QWHUYLHZ(33$DQGWKH6&/57KLVSDSHULVDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHQWHUSULVH
LQYROYLQJUHVHDUFKHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD5HSXEOLFDDQGWKH8QLYHUVLGDG&DWROLFDRI8UXJXD\DQGWKH8QLYHUVLGDGGHO'HVDUUROOR
RI6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH
Results:DDWWDFKPHQWRIWKHFDSWLYLW\VDPSOHVXEMHFWVREWDLQHGYDOXHVRISUHGRPLQDQWLQVHFXUHDWWDFKPHQWSURWRW\SH3RYHU
SURWHFWLYH7KHFRQWUROJURXSVKRZHGSUHGRPLQDQWVHFXUHDWWDFKPHQWLQRIWKHVXEMHFWVDQGFRQFHUQHGDPELYDOHQWDWWDFKPHQWLQ
33ESV\FKRORJLFDOV\PSWRPVWKHUHDUHVWDWLVWLFDOGLIIHUHQFHVLQSURWRW\SHDQGEHWZHHQWKHFDSWLYLW\VDPSOHDQGWKH
FRQWUROJURXSZLWKKLJKVFRUHVLQWKHFDSWLYLW\JURXS7KH6&/5VKRZVDKLJKOHYHORISV\FKRORJLFDOV\PSWRPVLQWKHFDSWLYLW\VDPSOH
Conclusion:7KHUHLVDFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQDWWDFKPHQWDQGSV\FKRORJLFDOV\PSWRPV+LJKHUSV\FKRORJLFDOV\PSWRPVFRUHVFRUUHODWHG
ZLWKLQVHFXUHDWWDFKPHQWZKHUHDVORZV\PSWRPVFRUHVFRUUHODWHGZLWKVHFXUHDWWDFKPHQW
Keywords: DWWDFKPHQW(33$6&/5FDSWLYLW\



&DWHGUiWLFR HQ SVLFRORJtD GH QLxRV \ DGROHVFHQWHV \ SVL

FRWHUDSHXWD SVLFRDQDOtWLFR 8QLYHUVLGDG &DWyOLFD 8UXJXD\
PDFKHUUR#PHGQHWRUJX\
 &DWHGUiWLFRDVRFLDGRSVLFyORJR8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD5HS~EOLFD

8UXJXD\FDUODI#KFHGXX\
 &DWHGUiWLFR SVLFyORJR \ SVLFRWHUDSHXWD SVLFRDQDOtWLFR 8QL

YHUVLGDG&DWyOLFD8UXJXD\GHOQDPLOOHU#HGXRUJX\
 3VLFyORJR 8QLYHUVLGDG GHO 'HVDUUROOR 6DQWLDJR GH &KLOH

FRQVXHORWRUUHJURVD#JPDLOFRP

&DWHGUiWLFR\SVLFyORJR8QLYHUVLGDGGHO'HVDUUROOR6DQWLDJR

GH&KLOHHFDQQHOLHU#XGGFO

8QLYHUVLGDG&DWyOLFD8UXJXD\DUULHWDP#DGLQHWFRPX\

38



3VLFyORJD8QLYHUVLGDG&DWyOLFD8UXJXD\UXELDSH\#JPDLOFRP

&RUUHVSRQGHQFLD 0LJXHO &KHUUR$JXHUUH &RUUHR HOHFWUyQLFR

PDFKHUUR#PHGQHWRUJX\
5HFLELGRHQHUR$FHSWDGRPDU]R
(VWHDUWtFXORGHEHFLWDUVHFRPR&KHUUR*XHUUH0)UDQFROLQR&
0LOOHU'7RUUHJURVD&/HFDQQHOLHU)$UULHWD0,\FRO1LxRVFULD
GRVHQFDXWLYHULR5HY/DWLQRDPGH3VLTXLDWUtD

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

Nios criados en cautiverio

Q8UXJXD\GXUDQWHODGLFWDGXUDGHD
KXERQLxRVTXHSDGHFLHURQFDXWLYHULRMXQWRDVXV
PDGUHVSULYDGDVGHOLEHUWDGHQFXDUWHOHV$FWXDOPHQWHDTXHOORVQLxRVWLHQHQHQWUH\DxRVGHHGDG
\SDUHFHQELHQLQWHJUDGRVVRFLDOPHQWHSHURGXUDQWHDxRV
HYLWDURQKDEODUGHORVGRORURVRVPRPHQWRVYLYLGRVWDOFXDO
RFXUUHFRP~QPHQWHFRQORVVREUHYLYLHQWHVGHVLWXDFLRQHV
WUDXPiWLFDV
5HFLpQ KDFH PiV R PHQRV GRV DxRV HVRV QLxRV GHcidieron constituirse como grupo y pudieron empezar a
KDEODUGHOVXIULPLHQWRYLYLGR3HQVDPRVTXHVHFXPSOLy
HQHOORVORTXHVRVWLHQH0RVNRYLW]DTXHOORVTXHVXIULHURQ
FDXWLYHULRHQODVWHPSUDQDVHWDSDVGHODYLGDFRPRPXFKRVQLxRVGXUDQWHOD6HJXQGD*XHUUD0XQGLDOWDUGDURQ
PXFKRVDxRVHQSRGHUUHIHULUVHDOWHPD1
$OHQWHUDUQRVGHODH[LVWHQFLDGHOJUXSRSURFXUDPRV
FRQWDFWDUORFRQPXFKDFDXWHODSXHVH[LVWtDHOWUHPHQGR
desafo de enfrentar el sufrimiento padecido por ellos con
XQDDXWpQWLFDSRVWXUDpWLFD6HUHDOL]DURQYDULDVUHXQLRQHV
SDUDFRQRFHUORV\FUHDUXQFOLPDGHFRQDQ]DPXWXDHQ
HO TXH IXHUD SRVLEOH KDEODU GH KHFKRV TXH SUHYLDPHQWH
KDEtDQHYLWDGRPHQFLRQDU
6HJ~Q.UHOOHOSRGHUFRQWDUVXKLVWRULDDDOJXLHQTXH
ODYDORUD\HVFXFKDFRQUHVSHWRSXHGHKDFHUORVVHQWLUVH
ELHQ2SRUORFXDOQRVDWUHYLPRVDLPDJLQDUTXHQRVVHQWLUtDPRVJUDWDPHQWHUHFRPSHQVDGRVVLORVD\XGiEDPRVD
PLWLJDUSRUORPHQRVHQSDUWHHOLQWHQVRGRORUTXHKDEtDQ
VXIULGRGXUDQWHDxRV/XHJRGHKDEHUDFUHFHQWDGRQXHVWUD
PXWXDFRQDQ]DDOFDERGHYDULDVUHXQLRQHVSURSXVLPRV
DOJUXSROOHYDUDFDERXQDLQYHVWLJDFLyQTXHWXYLHUDSRU
REMHWLYRFRQRFHUHOWLSRGHLPSDFWRTXHODH[SHULHQFLDGH
KDEHUQDFLGRHQFDXWLYHULRRKDEHUSHUPDQHFLGRSRUDOJ~Q
WLHPSRHQpOMXQWRDVXVPDGUHVSXGRWHQHUHQVXVYLGDV
(OUHVXOWDGRGHHVDLQYHVWLJDFLyQHVORTXHSUHVHQWDUHPRV
a continuacin.

Fundamentos de la investigacin

&RLQFLGLPRV FRQ =HDQDK \ 6P\NH TXH VRVWLHQHQ FLWDQGRD%RZOE\TXHODFDOLGDGGHOFXLGDGRSDUHQWDOTXH

XQQLxRUHFLEHHQORVSULPHURVDxRVGHYLGDHVGHYLWDO
LPSRUWDQFLDSDUDVXVDOXGPHQWDOIXWXUD(ODSHJRMXHJD
XQUROLPSRUWDQWHHQODYLGD\HOGHVDUUROORGHORVVHUHV
KXPDQRV FRPR PXHVWUDQ ORV UHVXOWDGRV GH LPSRUWDQWHV
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV8QHMHPSORHVHOWUDEDMRGH6FKRUHTXH
demuestra la importancia del apego seguro en la estructuUDFLyQGHOKHPLVIHULRGHUHFKRGHOFHUHEUR\HQODFDSDFLGDG

GHHQIUHQWDUHOHVWUpV2WURVDXWRUHVH[SORUDQODUHODFLyQ
HQWUHHODSHJRVHJXUR\ORVQLYHOHVySWLPRVGHFRUWLVROTXH
VHVHJUHJDQSDUDHQIUHQWDUHOHVWUpV'HVGHRWUDSHUVSHFWLYD)RQDJ\UHVDOWDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODSHJRVHJXUR
HQHOGHVDUUROORGHODIXQFLyQUHH[LYD\HQODKDELOLGDG
GH GHVHQWUDxDU LQWHQFLRQHV *XWWPDQQ6WHLQPHW] \
&URZHOOGLFHQTXHODWHRUtD\ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQIDWL]DQ
ODFRQWULEXFLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHDSHJRHQHOGRPLQLRGHOD
UHJXODFLyQ HPRFLRQDO GH ODV DWULEXFLRQHV VRFLDOHV GH
ODVRFLDOL]DFLyQGHOGHVDUUROORPRUDO\GHODWUDVPLVLyQ
LQWHUJHQHUDFLRQDOGHFRQGXFWDVWRGRVKHFKRVUHOHYDQWHV
con respecto a los desrdenes externalizados.
1XPHURVRV HVWXGLRV LQGLFDQ TXH HO DSHJR VHJXUR D
XQ FXLGDGRU VH DVRFLD FRQ DOWD VRFLDELOLGDG HOHYDGR
FXPSOLPLHQWR GH ORV UHTXHULPLHQWRV SDUHQWDOHV \ PiV
HIHFWLYDUHJXODFLyQHPRFLRQDO(JHODQG citando a BronIHQEUHQQHUHQIDWL]DODLPSRUWDQFLDGHXQDDSUR[LPDFLyQ
HFROyJLFDSDUDFRQVLGHUDUORVYtQFXORVGHDSHJRHQUD]yQ
GHORVYDULDGRVFRQWH[WRV\FRQGLFLRQHVTXHSXHGHQDIHFWDU
DODVPDGUHVDORVQLxRV\DODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHHOORV
$OJXQDVLQXHQFLDVVRQLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDSURPRYHUR
GLVWRUVLRQDUHODSHJRVHJXURLQIDQWHFXLGDGRUSRUHMHPSOR
ORVHYHQWRVYLWDOHVHVWUHVDQWHVHOVRSRUWHIDPLOLDU\VRFLDO
\ODSVLFRSDWRORJtDPDWHUQD6DEHPRVTXHDSDUWLUGHHVWDV
primeras relaciones los infantes forman representaciones
PHQWDOHVGHVtPLVPRVGHORVRWURV\GHOYtQFXORHQWUH
DPERV3RUORWDQWRQRHVGLItFLOVXSRQHUTXHHQHOFDVR
GHQLxRVFULDGRVHQFDXWLYHULRSXHGHDSDUHFHUDOJ~QWLSR
GHGLVWXUELRTXHDIHFWHODFDOLGDGGHODSHJR
(QHORWURH[WUHPRKD\WUDEDMRVTXHEXVFDQUHODFLRQDU
el tipo de apego desarrollado por el infante con ciertos
WLSRV GH SVLFRSDWRORJtD TXH SXHGH DSDUHFHU PiV WDUGH
=HDQDK \ 6P\NH LQVLVWHQ HQ TXH DXQTXH WUDEDMRV PX\
LPSRUWDQWHV KD\DQ SRVWXODGR HO PD\RU ULHVJR GH WUDVWRUQRV GH DQVLHGDG GHVyUGHQHV GH FRQGXFWD GLVUXSWLYD
GHVyUGHQHVGLVRFLDWLYRVDEXVRGHVXVWDQFLDVGHOLQFXHQFLD
\ WUDVWRUQRV GH SHUVRQDOLGDG HQWUH ORV QLxRV FRQ DSHJR
LQVHJXUR\HVSHFLDOPHQWHDSHJRGHVRUJDQL]DGRKDFLDVXV
FXLGDGRUHVSULPDULRVKDVWDDKRUDQRVHKDSRGLGRDVRFLDU
ODVFODVLFDFLRQHVGHDSHJRFRQVHFXHODVGHGHVyUGHQHV
SVLTXLiWULFRV HVSHFtFRV +HFKD HVWD VDOYHGDG DUPDQ
VLQHPEDUJRTXHORVGLVWXUELRVWHPSUDQRVGHODSHJRVH
DVRFLDQFRQXQPD\RUULHVJRGHWUDVWRUQRVSVLTXLiWULFRV
*XWWPDQQ6WHLQPHW]\&URZHOODUPDQTXHHODSR\R
LQDGHFXDGRGHORVFXLGDGRUHVHVKLSRWpWLFDPHQWHHOPD\RU
factor de riesgo de que aparezcan desrdenes externaliza-

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

39

Cherro-Aguerre M y col.

GRVSRUTXHH[LVWHHQWRQFHVXQDGpELOUHGGHVHJXULGDG
TXHSRUIDOWDGHVXSHUYLVLyQ\SRUHVFDVRFRPSURPLVR
QRSURWHJHDOQLxRGHORVULHVJRVGHOHQWRUQRFRQODFRQVLJXLHQWHLQGLIHUHQFLDGHOQLxRKDFLDHOFXLGDGRGHVtPLVPR
\KDFLDORVYDORUHVSDUHQWDOHV\VRFLDOHV
(QWHQGLPRVUHOHYDQWHSUHJXQWDUQRVVLQXHVWURJUXSRGH
QLxRVFDXWLYRVVXIULyGLVWRUVLRQHVHQVXVYtQFXORVGHDSHJR
como consecuencia del trauma que experimentaron y si
DUUDVWUDEDQDOJXQDIRUPDGHSVLFRSDWRORJtD
MATERIAL Y MTODO
(QHVWHHVWXGLRVHDSOLFDURQGRVLQVWUXPHQWRV/D(VFDOD
GH 3URWRWLSRV GH$SHJR$GXOWR (3$$ \ OD Symptom
Checlist-90-R6&/5
/DEPAAGH6WUDXVV/RER'URVW\3LNRQLVYDOLGDGD
HQ&KLOHSRU0DUWtQH]*X]PiQ\1XxH]0HGLQDHQHODxR
16SHUPLWHXQDHYDOXDFLyQFXDQWLWDWLYDGHSDWURQHV
GHDSHJRDGXOWRHQWUHVFDWHJRUtDV8QDFDWHJRUtDFRUUHVSRQGHDXQtQGLFHJOREDOGHDSHJRVHJXUR\ODVRWUDVGRV
FRQVWLWX\HQtQGLFHVJOREDOHVGHDSHJRLQVHJXUREDMRGRV
VXEPRGDOLGDGHV XQD HV SUHRFXSDGRDPELYDOHQWH \ OD
RWUDHYLWDWLYRUHFKD]DQWH&RQEDVHHQHVWDFDWHJRUL]DFLyQHOLQVWUXPHQWRSHUPLWHGHVFULELUVLHWHSURWRWLSRVGH
DSHJRXQRVHJXUR\VHLVLQVHJXURV/RVSURWRWLSRVVRQ
3SURWRWLSRVHJXUR3H[FHVLYDPHQWHGHSHQGLHQWH3
UHODFLRQHVLQHVWDEOHV3H[FHVLYDPHQWHVREUHSURWHFWRU
3 H[FHVLYDPHQWH DXWRFRQWURODGR 3 H[FHVLYDPHQWH
DXWyQRPR3HPRFLRQDOPHQWHLQGLIHUHQWH3DUDFRGLFDUODHYDOXDFLyQHVQHFHVDULRHVWDEOHFHUWRGRVORVYDORUHV
de apego seguro e inseguro. El prototipo 1 es seguramente
DSHJDGRORVSURWRWLSRV\FRUUHVSRQGHQDDSHJR
LQVHJXURWLSRSUHRFXSDGRDPELYDOHQWH\ORVSURWRWLSRV
\FRUUHVSRQGHQDDSHJRLQVHJXURWLSRHYLWDWLYR
UHFKD]DQWH
Symptom Checlist-90-R (SCL-90-R)GH'HURJDWLV
YDOLGDGRHQ8UXJXD\SRU1DMVRQ)UDQFROLQR\9LHUDHQ
HO DxR  es un cuestionario autoadministrado que
PLGHQXHYHGLPHQVLRQHVVLQWRPiWLFDVSULPDULDVVRPDWL]DFLyQ620REVHVLYRFRPSXOVLYR2&VHQVLELOLGDG
LQWHUSHUVRQDO ,6 GHSUHVLyQ '(3 DQVLHGDG $1;
KRVWLOLGDG+26DQVLHGDGIyELFD3+2%LGHDFLyQSDUDQRLGH3$5SVLFRWLFLVPR36<0LGHRWURVWUHVtQGLFHV
JOREDOHVTXHVRQ el tQGLFHGHVHYHULGDGJOREDO*6,TXH
mide el malestar psicolgico general; el ndice de sntomas
SRVLWLYRVGHPDOHVWDU36',TXHPLGHODLQWHQVLGDGGH

40

ORVVtQWRPDV\HOWRWDOGHVtQWRPDVSRVLWLYRV367TXH

HVHOQ~PHURGHVtQWRPDVDXWRHYDOXDGRV
/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQVHOOHYyDFDERFRQGRVPXHVWUDVGH
LQGLYLGXRVFDGDXQD
La muestra AQLxRVFDXWLYRVFRPSXHVWDSRUVHLV
PXMHUHV\FXDWURKRPEUHVGHHGDGHVFRPSUHQGLGDVHQWUH
\DxRVWRGRVORVFXDOHVFRPSDUWLHURQHOFDXWLYHULR
FRQVXVPDGUHV'RVSHUVRQDVHQODPXHVWUDHUDQPHOOL]DV
QRLGpQWLFDV8QDGHODVSHUVRQDVGHODPXHVWUDIXHFRQFHELGDHQFDXWLYHULR
La muestra BHOJUXSRFRQWUROFRPSXHVWDSRUVHLV
PXMHUHV\FXDWURKRPEUHVGHHGDGHVFRPSUHQGLGDVHQWUH
\DxRVFX\RQLYHOVRFLRFXOWXUDO\HGXFDFLyQHUDQ
FRPSDUDEOHVFRQORVGHODPXHVWUD$SHURTXHQRKDEtDQ
VXIULGRFDXWLYHULR'RVSHUVRQDVGHODPXHVWUDHUDQKHUmanas.
/RVLQWHJUDQWHVHQVXFRQMXQWRUPDURQXQFRQVHQWLPLHQWRLQIRUPDGR\WXYLHURQODRSRUWXQLGDGGHFRQRFHU
LQGLYLGXDOPHQWHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ7RGRV
ORVLQGLYLGXRVGHODVPXHVWUDVOOHQDURQFKDVGHLGHQWLFDFLyQFRQVXVGDWRV$FDGDFKDVHOHDVLJQyXQQ~PHURD
PDQHUDGHFyGLJRSDUDSUHVHUYDUHODQRQLPDWRGHTXLHQHV
SDUWLFLSDURQGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ6yORGRVSHUVRQDVHQHO
equipo tenan conocimiento de la identidad de los integrantes de la muestra.
(QODSULPHUDHWDSDGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQVHHQWUHYLVWyD
ORVYHLQWHPLHPEURVGHODPXHVWUD7RGDVODVHQWUHYLVWDV
IXHURQ FRQGXFLGDV SRU GRV LQWHJUDQWHV GHO HTXLSR /DV
HQWUHYLVWDV IXHURQ JUDEDGDV \ OXHJR ERUUDGDV SRU RWURV
GRVPLHPEURVGHOHTXLSR/DVWUDQVFULSFLRQHVGHODVHQWUHYLVWDVIXHURQFRGLFDGDVSRUGRVPLHPEURVGHOHTXLSR
GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GHO 'HVDUUROOR GH 6DQWLDJR GH &KLOH
/RV FXHVWLRQDULRV GH OD 6&/5 OOHQDGRV GXUDQWH OD
HQWUHYLVWDIXHURQFRGLFDGRVSRUXQDGRFHQWHGHO'HSDUWDPHQWR GH 3VLFRORJtD 0pGLFD GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH OD
5HS~EOLFD/DFRPSDUDFLyQHQWUHORVGRVJUXSRVJUXSR
GHQLxRVFDXWLYRV\JUXSRFRQWUROVHDQDOL]yHVWDGtVWLFDPHQWHDSOLFDQGRSUXHEDVGH0DQQ:KLWQH\\7WHVW
\ VH KLFLHURQ DGHPiV FRUUHODFLRQHV HVWDGtVWLFDV SRU HO
&RHFLHQWHGH3HDUVRQ
RESULTADOS
La EPPA en la muestra de cautivos y no cautivos

/DPLWDGGHORVFDVRVREWXYLHURQXQDPD\RUSXQtuacin en el prototipo P1; lo que indicara que mantienen

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

Nios criados en cautiverio

UHODFLRQHV HVWDEOHV VLJQLFDWLYDV \ VDWLVIDFWRULDV HQ HO

WLHPSR(OLQGLYLGXRFRQItDHQTXHRWURVHVWDUiQDOOtSDUD
D\XGDUORDSR\DUORRHQWHQGHUORVLpOVHORVSLGHVHVLHQWH
FyPRGRWDQWRDOHVWDUFRQRWURVFRPRDOHVWDUVROR\WLHQH
XQEXHQVHQWLGRGHVXSURSLDLGHQWLGDG
$TXHOORVFDVRVHQORVFXDOHVHOSXQWDMHHVGRVGHVYLDFLRQHVHVWiQGDUPiVDOWRTXHODPHGLDQDFRUUHVSRQGHDORV
33\3GHODHVWUDWHJLDSUHRFXSDGRDPELYDOHQWHRVHD
SUHVHQWDFLyQLQFRKHUHQWHGHH[SHULHQFLDVGHYLQFXODFLyQ
H[FHVLYDSUHRFXSDFLyQHQDVSHFWRVSUREOHPiWLFRVGHVX
KLVWRULDtQGLFHVGHXQDQHJDWLYDLPDJHQGHVtPLVPR\
SRVLWLYDLPDJHQGHORVRWURV\ORV3\3GHODHVWUDWHJLDHYLWDWLYRUHFKD]DQWHTXHVHUHHUHQDODFDUHQFLDGH
UHFXHUGRVGHYLYHQFLDVUHODFLRQDOHVHVIXHU]RSRUPRVWUDU
LQGHSHQGHQFLDGLFXOWDGSDUDFRPSDUWLUVHQWLPLHQWRVGH
RWURV(QGHORVFDVRVVHREWXYRGRVSXQWDMHVGHDSHJR
inseguro por encima de la mediana.
Anlisis estadstico de la EPAA en la muestra de cautivos y no cautivos

$OFRPSDUDUORVSXQWDMHVGHODVPHGLDVHQWUHODPXHVWUD
GHFDXWLYRV\QRFDXWLYRVVHHQFRQWUyXQDGLIHUHQFLDHVWDGtVWLFDPHQWHVLJQLFDWLYDHQORV333\3PHGLDQWH
ODSUXHEDGH0DQQ:KLWQH\/DPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRVREWXYRSXQWXDFLRQHVDOWDVHQORV3333HVWRHVVX
HVWUDWHJLDGHDSHJRHVGHWLSRSUHRFXSDGRDPELYDOHQWH\
HYLWDWLYRUHFKD]DQWHFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDDSHJRVLQVHJXURV
&RPRVHREVHUYDHQHO&XDGURODPXHVWUDGHQRFDXWLYRVWLHQHYDORUHVGHO3PiVDOWRVTXHODPXHVWUDGHQR
FDXWLYRVSHURODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHHOORVQRIXHVLJQLFDWLYD
Anlisis de la SCL-90R: sntomas psicolgicos en la
muestra de cautivos

(O&XDGURPXHVWUDORVYDORUHVGHODVPHGLDVGHO6&/
5REWHQLGRVHQODPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRVFRPSDUDGRVFRQ
ORVYDORUHVGHODVPHGLDVGHSREODFLyQJHQHUDOXUXJXD\D
\GHSREODFLyQSVLTXLiWULFDGHDFXHUGRFRQORVYDORUHVGH
ODQRUPDYDOLGDGDHQODSREODFLyQXUXJXD\D
&RPRVHDSUHFLDHQHO&XDGURORVYDORUHVREWHQLGRV
SRU OD PXHVWUD GH FDXWLYRV VRQ PiV DOWRV TXH ORV GH OD
SREODFLyQ JHQHUDO XUXJXD\D GH PXMHUHV \ KRPEUHV HQ
WRGDVODVGLPHQVLRQHV\VRQPX\VLPLODUHVDORVYDORUHV
REWHQLGRV SRU OD SREODFLyQ SVLTXLiWULFD XUXJXD\D D H[FHSFLyQGHODGLPHQVLyQGHKRVWLOLGDGHQODTXHHOYDORU
HQODPXHVWUDHVPHQRU/DSREODFLyQFDXWLYDREWLHQHXQ
SXQWDMHHQODGLPHQVLyQGHDQVLHGDGIyELFD3+2%GH

Cuadro 1&RPSDUDFLyQPHGLDVFDXWLYRVQRFDXWLYRV
Muestra de
cautivos
(media)

Muestra de
no cautivos
(media)

Valor de P

























3
3
3
3
3
3
3

3 SURWRWLSR VHJXUR 3 H[FHVLYDPHQWH GHSHQGLHQWH 3 UH

ODFLRQHV LQHVWDEOHV 3 H[FHVLYDPHQWH VREUHSURWHFWRU 3 H[
FHVLYDPHQWH DXWRFRQWURODGR 3 H[FHVLYDPHQWH DXWyQRPR 3
HPRFLRQDOPHQWHLQGLIHUHQWH

OD6&/5OLJHUDPHQWHPiVDOWRTXHHOSUHVHQWDGRSRU
ODSREODFLyQSVLTXLiWULFDXUXJXD\DWDQWRIHPHQLQDFRPR
PDVFXOLQD /D PXHVWUD IHPHQLQD GH FDXWLYRV DOFDQ]D
SXQWDMHVGHOD6&/5TXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDODQRUPDXUXJXD\DGHSDFLHQWHVIHPHQLQRVSVLTXLiWULFRVDPEXODWRULRV
H[FHSWRSDUDODKRVWLOLGDG+26\HOSVLFRWLFLVPR36<
/DPXHVWUDPDVFXOLQDGHFDXWLYRVDOFDQ]DSXQWDMHVGHOD
6&/5VLPLODUHVDODQRUPDXUXJXD\DGHSDFLHQWHVPDVFXOLQRVSVLTXLiWULFRVDPEXODWRULRVHQtQGLFHGHVHYHULGDG
JHQHUDO*6,VRPDWL]DFLyQ620REVHVLyQFRPSXOVLyQ
2%6GHSUHVLyQ'(3DQVLHGDGIyELFD3+2%\FRQ
SXQWDMHVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQSDWRORJtDHQWRWDOGHVtQWRPDV
367tQGLFHGHVtQWRPDVSRVLWLYRV36',VHQVLELOLGDG
LQWHUSHUVRQDO ,6 LGHDFLyQ SDUDQRLGH 3$5$OFDQ]D
SXQWDMHV VLQ SDWRORJtD HQ DQVLHGDG $1; KRVWLOLGDG
+267\SVLFRWLFLVPR36<
/DPXHVWUDGHQRFDXWLYRVSUHVHQWDYDORUHVVLPLODUHVD
ODVPHGLDVGHODSREODFLyQJHQHUDOXUXJXD\DWDQWRIHPHnina como masculina.
/DFRPSDUDFLyQGHODVPHGLDVREVHUYDGDVHQHO6&/
5GHODPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRV\ODGHQRFDXWLYRVSRUOD
SUXHEDWGH6WXGHQWVHGHVFULEHHQHO&XDGUR/DPXHVWUD
GHFDXWLYRVSUHVHQWDGLIHUHQFLDVHVWDGtVWLFDPHQWHVLJQLFDWLYDVFRQSXQWDMHVDOWRVHQVtQWRPDVWRWDOHVSRVLWLYRV
367tQGLFHGHVHYHULGDGJOREDO*6,tQGLFHGHVtQWRPDVSRVLWLYRVGHPDOHVWDU36',VRPDWL]DFLyQ620
VHQVLELOLGDGLQWHUSHUVRQDO,6GHSUHVLyQ'(3DQVLHGDG
$1;HLGHDFLyQSDUDQRLGH3$5
(Q HO &XDGUR  VH PXHVWUD OD FRUUHODFLyQ HQWUH ORV
SURWRWLSRVVHJXURHLQVHJXUR\OD6&/5DWUDYpVGHO

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

41

Cherro-Aguerre M y col.

Cuadro 2&RPSDUDFLyQGHODVPHGLDVGHORVSXQWDMHVGHODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHO6&/5GHODSREODFLyQFDXWLYDQRFDXWLYDODSREODFLyQ
JHQHUDO\ODSREODFLyQSVLTXLiWULFD
Muestra de
cautivos
367
*6,
36',
620
2&
,6
'(3
$1;
+26
3+2%
3$5
36<














Muestra de no Poblacin general

cautivos
femenina













Poblacin general
masculina

Poblacin Psiquitrica
femenina

Poblacin psiquitrica
masculina





















































6tQWRPDVWRWDOHVSRVLWLYRV367tQGLFHGHVHYHULGDGJOREDO*6,tQGLFHGHVtQWRPDVSRVLWLYRVGHPDOHVWDU36',VRPDWL]DFLyQ620

VHQVLELOLGDGLQWHUSHUVRQDO,6GHSUHVLyQ'(3DQVLHGDG$1;HLGHDFLyQSDUDQRLGH3$5

Cuadro 3&RPSDUDFLyQGHODVSXQWXDFLRQHVPHGLDVGHODVGLPHQ
VLRQHVGHO6&/5

367
*6,
36',
620
2&
,6
'(3
$1;
+26
3+2%
3$5
36<

Cautivos

No cautivos

Valor de p








































6tQWRPDVWRWDOHVSRVLWLYRV367tQGLFHGHVHYHULGDGJOREDO*6,

tQGLFH GH VtQWRPDV SRVLWLYRV GH PDOHVWDU 36', VRPDWL]DFLyQ
620VHQVLELOLGDGLQWHUSHUVRQDO,6GHSUHVLyQ'(3DQVLHGDG
$1;HLGHDFLyQSDUDQRLGH3$5

FRHFLHQWH GH 3HDUVRQ (O SURWRWLSR 3 VH FRUUHODFLRQy

QHJDWLYDPHQWHFRQODVGLPHQVLRQHV*6,36','(33$5
S /RVSXQWDMHVPiVDOWRVGHVtQWRPDVSVLFROyJLFRV
VHFRUUHODFLRQDURQFRQXQPHQRUSXQWDMHGH3(OSURWRWLSR3VHFRUUHODFLRQySRVLWLYDPHQWHVyORFRQGHSUHVLyQ
FXDQWRPiVDOWRHOSXQWDMHGH3PiVDOWRHOSXQWDMHGH
'(3(OSURWRWLSR3VHFRUUHODFLRQyFRQ*6,36736',
620,6'(32&$1;+26\3+2%(OSURWRWLSR

42

VHFRUUHODFLRQyFRQ*6,36736',+263+2%\620
(OSURWRWLSRVyORVHFRUUHODFLRQyFRQ3$5(OSURWRWLSR
VHFRUUHODFLRQyFRQ*6,3676202&'(3+26
3$5(OSURWRWLSRVHFRUUHODFLRQyFRQ*6,367620
3+2%3$5\+26'H3D3ODFRUUHODFLyQPRVWUyTXH
FXDQWR PiV DOWRV SXQWDMHV KDEtD HQ ORV SURWRWLSRV PiV
DOWRVSXQWDMHVVHGDEDQHQOD6&/5HVGHFLUPD\RU
cantidad de sntomas psicolgicos.
(QVtQWHVLVVHSXHGHFRQFOXLUTXHHODSHJRVHJXURSUHGRPLQyHQGHDTXHOODVSHUVRQDVTXHYLYLHURQHQFDXWLYHULR
HODSHJRSUHRFXSDGRDPELYDOHQWHHQGHORVFDVRV\XQ
DSHJRHYDVLYRUHFKD]DQWHHQGHORVFDVRV(QGH
ODPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRVFRQDSHJRLQVHJXURHOSURWRWLSRSUHGRPLQDQWHIXHHOH[FHVLYDPHQWHVREUHSURWHFWRU3
(QHOJUXSRFRQWUROHQGHORVFDVRVHODSHJRVHJXURIXHSUHGRPLQDQWH\HQHODSHJRSUHRFXSDGR
DPELYDOHQWH33
6HREVHUYDURQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLFDWLYDVHQORVSURWRWLSRV\HQWUHODPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRV\HOJUXSR
FRQWURO/RVSXQWDMHVPiVDOWRVVHUHJLVWUDURQHQHOJUXSR
GHFDXWLYRV
/D 6&/5 UHJLVWUy XQ QLYHO HOHYDGR GH VtQWRPDV
SVLFROyJLFRVHQODPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRVFRQSXQWDMHVDOWRV
de malestar.
/RV VtQWRPDV SUHGRPLQDQWHV IXHURQ VRPiWLFRV VHQtimientos de inadecuacin personal e inferioridad en
FRPSDUDFLyQ FRQ ORV RWURV DXWRGHVYDORUL]DFLyQ \ PD-

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

Nios criados en cautiverio

Cuadro 4&RUUHODFLyQGHODVSXQWXDFLRQHVGHODSHJRHQVXVGLVWLQWDVPRGDOLGDGHV\HO6&/5

*6,
367
36',
620
2&
,6
'(3
$1;
+26
3+2
3$5

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

 

 



 



 







 





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 




 
 












 

 
 

 
 

 

 

 

 
 

 




 
 
 

1LYHOGH6LJQLFDQFLD 1LYHOGH6LJQLFDQFLD

OHVWDU HQ HO FXUVR GH LQWHUDFFLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV VtQWRPDV

GHDQVLHGDGGHSUHVLyQ\KRVWLOLGDG'HQWURGHOD~OWLPD
SUHGRPLQDURQ DJUHVLyQ LUULWDELOLGDG \ UHVHQWLPLHQWR
SHQVDPLHQWR SUR\HFWLYR VXVSLFDFLD WHPRU D OD SpUGLGD
de autonoma y desencanto.
CONCLUSIONES
&RPRFRQFOXVLyQJHQHUDOVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHKXERXQD
FRUUHODFLyQHQWUHORVVtQWRPDVSVLFROyJLFRV\HODSHJR/RV
DOWRVSXQWDMHVGHVtQWRPDVSVLFROyJLFRVVHFRUUHODFLRQDURQ
FRQHODSHJRLQVHJXURORVEDMRVSXQWDMHVGHVtQWRPDVFRQ
el apego seguro.
(OSULPHUREMHWLYRGHHVWHHVWXGLRIXHWUDVPLWLUODQHcesidad de estar siempre alertas ante situaciones como las
TXHVHYLYLHURQHQ8UXJXD\GXUDQWHODGLFWDGXUDHQODFXDO
DOJXQRVQLxRVGHELHURQSDGHFHUODGXUDH[SHULHQFLDGHYLYLU
MXQWRDVXVPDGUHVHQFDXWLYHULR(OVHJXQGRREMHWLYRIXH
GHPRVWUDUODSRVLEOHFRQVHFXHQFLDQHJDWLYDTXHSXGRKDEHU
WHQLGRHVDPDODH[SHULHQFLDVREUHORVPRGHORVLQWHUQRVGH
WUDEDMRInternal Working ModelsGHODSHJRGHHVRVQLxRV
\VLGLFKDH[SHULHQFLDKDEtDGHMDGRFRQVHFXHQFLDVHQHOORV
GHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDSVLFRSDWROyJLFR
1RVIXHLPSRVLEOHLQFUHPHQWDUHOWDPDxRGHODPXHVWUD
SHTXHxRSDUDH[WUDHUFRQFOXVLRQHVFLHQWtFDPHQWHYiOLGDVSRUUD]RQHVpWLFDVVHUHVSHWyODYROXQWDGGHTXLHQHV
QR VH PRVWUDURQ GLVSXHVWRV D SDUWLFLSDU \ SUiFWLFDV HO
Q~PHUR HQ ~OWLPD LQVWDQFLD HVWDED GHWHUPLQDGR SRU OD
UHDOLGDGYLYLGD3RURWUDSDUWHQRVHSXHGHDUPDUFDWHJyULFDPHQWHTXHODVGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLFDWLYDVHQFRQWUDGDV

HQWUHODPXHVWUDGHFDXWLYRV\ODGHQRFDXWLYRVVHGHELy
H[FOXVLYDPHQWHDODVLWXDFLyQGHFDXWLYHULR(VSRVLEOHTXH
FDXVDVDQWHULRUHVDOFDXWLYHULRSXHGDQHVWDULQFULPLQDGDV
7DPELpQHVFLHUWRTXHHOSHVRGHODHYLGHQFLDHVWDQIXHUWH
FRPRSDUDOOHYDUDSHQVDUTXHODWHUULEOHH[SHULHQFLDGHO
FDXWLYHULR\GHOWHUURU\HVWUpVTXHODDFRPSDxDURQGDQ
cuenta de los resultados demostrados.
$OJR VRUSUHQGHQWH DO LQLFLR GHO WUDEDMR FXDQGR VH
HVWDEOHFLyFRQWDFWRFRQHOJUXSRIXHHQFRQWUDUSHUVRQDV
TXH D SHVDU GH OD WHUULEOH H[SHULHQFLD YLYLGD VH KDEtDQ
LQWHJUDGRDODVRFLHGDG\HUDQPiVDOOiGHODVGLFXOWDGHV
TXHSXGLHUDQWHQHUVHUHVFiOLGRVHPSiWLFRV\VROLGDULRV
4XL]iVHOSURSLRJUXSRTXHFRQVWLWX\HURQSXHGHKDEHUORVD\XGDGRDWHQHUHVWDDFWLWXG6LQHPEDUJRHOJUXSR
OOHYDVyORGRVDxRVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRFRUWRWLHPSRSDUD
H[SOLFDU HVWH UHVXOWDGR 0iV ELHQ SDUHFH SUREDEOH TXH
una red familiar y social fuerte y consistente los ayud a
GHVDUUROODUYtQFXORVGHDSHJRVLJQLFDWLYRV
0iVDOOiGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODSUHVHQWHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
HVSRVLEOHSHQVDUTXHODH[SHULHQFLDGHKDEHUQDFLGRR
KDEHU YLYLGR HQ FDXWLYHULR QR WXYR FRQVHFXHQFLDV SDUD
HOORV"(VFXFKHPRVORTXHGLFHQ
P. una de las niasH[SUHVD$PXFKRVQLxRVQRVHOHV
SHUPLWtDMXJDUFRQPLJRRPHDFRVDEDQFRQFRPHQWDULRV
VREUHPLVSDGUHV>@HUDHYLGHQWHTXHUHVXOWDEDULHVJRVR
HVWDUFRQPLJR\\RGHEtDHVWDUPX\DJUDGHFLGDFRQDTXHOORVTXHDFHSWDEDQHVWDUFRQPLJR&UHFtFRQVLGHUiQGRPH
D Pt PLVPD XQ ULHVJR \ GHVHDQGR QR VHU UHFKD]DGD HQ
QLQJ~QOXJDUDOTXHIXHUD5HVXOWDPX\FODURTXHSDGHFLy
segregacin y discriminacin.

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

43

erro

uerre

co

-RWUDGHODVniasGLFH\RKDFtDWRGRORSRVLEOHSRU
VHUQRUPDOFRPRFXDOTXLHURWUD>@\VLHPSUHEXVFDED
KDFHUQXHYRVDPLJRVSRUTXHDVtPHDVHJXUDEDTXHHOORV
QRVDEtDQQDGDDFHUFDGHPLYLGD
0RVNRYLW] KDEOD DFHUFD GHO KHFKR TXH PXFKRV VREUHYLYLHQWHVRFXOWDQVXFRQGLFLyQDHIHFWRVGHHYLWDUVHU
HVWLJPDWL]DGRVRGDxDGRVRVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVGLIHUHQWHV1
DFDPELRSURFXUDQOXFLUFRPXQHV\QRUPDOHV\RULHQWDQ
VXVHVIXHU]RVHQHVDGLUHFFLyQDOSXQWRGHTXHDODGRSWDU
HVDDFWLWXGFRQVWLWX\HQORTXH.UHOOGHQRPLQDhabilidad
camalenica.2
- RWUR nio GHO JUXSR FX\RV SDGUHV HPLJUDURQ D XQ
SDtVH[WUDQMHURH[SOLFyTXHpOKDEODEDQDWXUDOPHQWHFRQ
RWURV QLxRV DFHUFD GH OD SULVLyQ TXH KDEtDQ VXIULGR VXV
SDGUHVSHURFLHUWDYH]ORVSDGUHVORR\HURQGHFLUOR\OR
UHSUHQGLHURQDSDUWLUGHHVHPRPHQWRVXIDPLOLDMDPiV
ORR\yPHQFLRQDUHOKHFKR
M. otra niaGHOJUXSRTXHQRSDUWLFLSyGHHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQ HYLWDED KDEODU SRUTXH KD\ GRORUHV TXH VL VH
KDFHQ S~EOLFRV SXHGHQ FDXVDU JUDQ VXIULPLHQWR D VHUHV
TXHXQRTXLHUH3RUHVRHOODQRSXGRFRQWDUVXKLVWRULD
KDVWDTXHVHFUHyHOJUXSRHQWRQFHVSXGRKDEODUPXFKR
PiVGHORTXHORKDEtDKHFKRDQWHVSHURUHFRQRFLyTXH
VyORKDVWDFLHUWRSXQWRPiVDOOiGHOFXDOQRSXHGHSDVDU
3DUHFHREYLRDOHVFXFKDUHVWRVUHODWRVTXHDSHVDUGH
ORVMXVWRVUHSDURVTXHGHVGHHOHVWULFWRSXQWRGHYLVWDFLHQWtFRVHSXHGDKDFHUDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQORVniosFDXWLYRV
GHELHURQ VXIULU FRQVHFXHQFLDV QHJDWLYDV GH OD WUHPHQGD
H[SHULHQFLD YLYLGD MXQWR D VXV PDGUHV HQ VXV SULPHURV
DxRVGHH[LVWHQFLDHQTXHFRPSDUWLHURQFRQHOODVHOWHUULEOHKHFKRGHOFDXWLYHULR4XL]iVQXHYDVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV
FRQLQVWUXPHQWRVPiVQRV\FDVXtVWLFDVPiVQXPHURVDV
puedan traer una mayor certeza.
+D\ RWURV GRV DVSHFWRV SRU FRQVLGHUDU YLQFXODGRV DO
tema que merecen mayor consideracin en procura de
esclarecimiento.
8Q DVSHFWR HV OD GHPRUD HQ WRPDU FRQFLHQFLD GH OD
LPSRUWDQFLDGHHVWRVKHFKRVSDUDHQFDUDUORVFRQODSUHRFXSDFLyQ\HOUHVSHWRGHODDSUR[LPDFLyQFLHQWtFD4XL]iV
HVWHWLSRGHDFWLWXGHVWXYRSURYRFDGDSRUHOPLVPRWLSRGH
PHFDQLVPRTXHKL]RTXHORVQLxRVFDXWLYRVGHPRUDUDQ
WDQWRVDxRVHQSRGHUKDEODUGHVXH[SHULHQFLDRTXHORV
VREUHYLYLHQWHV GHO KRORFDXVWR MXGtR WDPELpQ GHPRUDUDQ
DxRVHQKDFHUOR
(ORWURDVSHFWRTXHWDOYH]JXDUGDUHODFLyQGHFRQWLQXLGDGFRQHODQWHULRUSRUTXHSXHGHFRQVWLWXLUODH[SOLFDFLyQ

44

GH EDVH SDUD HO PHFDQLVPR LQYRFDGR HV OD HQWUDGD HQ
HVFHQD GHO WHUURU (O FOLPD TXH DFRPSDxy DO FDXWLYHULR
HVWXYRPDUFDGRSRUHOWHUURU1RHUDVyORHVWDUSUHVRVHUD
DODYH]HVWDUHQIUHQWDUODLQFHUWLGXPEUH\HOVLQVHQWLGR
(VWRSURGXFHFRQVHFXHQFLDVHQTXLHQHVORVXIUHQ\D~Q
VHJ~QDOJXQRVDXWRUHVHQORVGHVFHQGLHQWHVGHTXLHQHVOR
sufren (VWD~OWLPDDUPDFLyQGHMDODSXHUWDDELHUWDD
XQDSUHJXQWDQDOKDVWDTXpSXQWRQXHVWUDVRFLHGDGVXIUH
KR\ ODV FRQVHFXHQFLDV GHO QHIDVWR SHULRGR GH GLFWDGXUD
que padecimos?
Agradecimientos

$JUDGHFHPRV DO JUXSR GH ORV QLxRV FDXWLYRV \ D ORV

LQWHJUDQWHVGHOJUXSRFRQWUROSRUVXYDOLHQWH\YROXQWDULD
FRODERUDFLyQFRQHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
$JUDGHFHPRVDOD8QLYHUVLGDGGHO'HVDUUROORGH6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH\D&0DUWtQH]*X]PiQ\&1XxH]0HGLQD
SRUSHUPLWLUQRVXVDUHOLQVWUXPHQWRFRQHOFXDOHYDOXDPRV
HOSURWRWLSRGHDSHJRDGXOWR8QDDFFLyQWDQJHQHURVD\VLQ
QLQJ~QWLSRGHOXFURHFRQyPLFRHVUHDOPHQWHPX\YDOLRVD

REFERENCIAS


0RVNRYLW]6/RQJLWXGLQDOIROORZXSRIFKLOGVXUYLYRUVRIKROR
FDXVW-$P$FDG&KLOG$GROHVF3V\FKLDWU\
 .UHOO57KHUDSHXWLFYDOXHRIGRFXPHQWLQJFKLOGVXUYLYRUV-$P
$FDG&KLOG$GROHVF3V\FKLDWU\
 =HDQDK &+ 6P\NH$7$WWDFKPHQW GLVRUGHUV LQ IDPLO\ DQG
VRFLDOFRQWH[W,QIDQW0HQWDO+HDOWK-
 6FKRUH$(IIHFWVRIDVHFXUHDWWDFKPHQWUHODWLRQVKLSRQULJKW
EUDLQGHYHORSPHQWDIIHFWUHJXODWLRQDQGLQIDQWPHQWDOKHDOWK
,QIDQW0HQWDO+HDOWK-
 6FKRUH$7KHHIIHFWVRIHDUO\UHODWLRQDOWUDXPDRQULJKWEUDLQ
GHYHORSPHQWDIIHFWUHJXODWLRQDQGLQIDQWPHQWDOKHDOWK,QIDQW
0HQWDO+HDOWK-
 $KQHUW / *XQQDU 05 /DPE 0( %DUWKHO 0 7UDQVLWLRQ WR
FKLOG FDUH $VVRFLDWLRQV ZLWK LQIDQWPRWKHU DWWDFKPHQW
LQIDQW QHJDWLYH HPRWLRQ DQG FRUWLVRO HOHYDWLRQV &KLOG 'HY

 7RSV0YDQ3HHU-0.RUI-:LMHUV$$7XFNHU'0$Q[LHW\
FRUWLVRODQGDWWDFKPHQWSUHGLFWSODVPDR[\WRFLQ3V\FKRSK\
VLRO
 YDQ %DNHO +-$ 5LNVHQ:DOUDYHQ -0 6WUHVV UHDFWLYLW\ LQ
PRQWKROGLQIDQWV/LQNVZLWKLQIDQWWHPSHUDPHQWFRJQLWLYH
FRPSHWHQFH DQG DWWDFKPHQW VHFXULW\ 'HY 3V\FKRELRORJ\

 :LVPHU )ULHV$% 6KLUWFOLII ($ 3ROODN 6' 1HXURHQGRFULQH
G\VUHJXODWLRQ IROORZLQJ HDUO\ VRFLDO GHSULYDWLRQ LQ FKLOGUHQ
'HY3V\FKRELRORJ\
 )RQDJ\37KHGHYHORSPHQWRISV\FKRSDWKRORJ\IURPLQIDQF\
WRDGXOWKRRG7KHP\VWHULRXVXQIROGLQJRIGLVWXUEDQFHLQWLPH
,QIDQW0HQWDO+HDOWK-

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

Nios criados en cautiverio

 )RQDJ\ 3 6WHHOH 0 6WHHOH + 0RUDQ *6 +LJJLWW$& 7KH
FDSDFLW\IRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJPHQWDOVWDWXV7KHUHHFWLYHVHOI
LQSDUHQWDQGFKLOGDQGLWVVLJQLFDQFHIRUVHFXULW\DWWDFKPHQW
,QIDQW0HQWDO+HDOWK-
 )RQDJ\3+LJJLWW$$QDWWDFKPHQWWKHRU\SHUVSHFWLYHRQHDUO\
LQXHQFHVRQGHYHORSPHQWDQGVRFLDOLQHTXDOLWLHVLQKHDOWKLQ
LQWHUYHQWLRQVLQ:$,0++DQGERRNRILQIDQWPHQWDOKHDOWK2VR
IVN\-' )LW]JHUDOG+(86$:LOH\ 6RQV3XEOLVKHU
 *XWWPDQQ6WHLQPHW]6&URZHOO-$$WWDFKPHQWDQGH[WHUQDOL
]LQJ'LVRUGHUV$GHYHORSPHQWDOSV\FKRSDWKRORJ\SHUVSHFWLYH
-$P$FDG&KLOG$GROHVF3V\FKLDWU\
 (JHODQG % :HLQHOG 16 %RVTXHW 0 &KHQJ 9. 5HPHP
EHULQJ UHSHDWLQJ DQG ZRUNLQJ WKURXJK /HVVRQV IURP
DWWDFKPHQWEDVHGLQWHUYHQWLRQVLQ:$,0+KDQGERRNRILQIDQW
PHQWDO KHDOWK 2VRIVN\ -'  )LW]JHUDOG +( 86$ :LOH\ 
6RQV3XEOLVKHU
 6WUDXVV%0/RER'URVW$-3LONRQLV3$(LQVFKDW]XQJ YRQ
ELQGXQJVVWLOHQ EHL HUZDFKVHQHQ HUVWH HUIDKUXQJHQ PLW GHU











GHXWVFKHQ YHUVLRQ HLQHU SURWRW\SHQEHXUWHLOXQJ =HLWVFKULIW

IXU .OLQLVFKH 3V\FKRORJLH 3V\FKLDWULH XQG 3V\FKRWKHUDSL

0DUWtQH]*X]PiQ&1XxH]0HGLQD&(QWUHYLVWDGHSURWRWL
SRVGHDSHJRDGXOWR(3$$3URSLHGDGHVSVLFRPpWULFDVGHVX
YHUVLyQHQ&KLOH5HY,QWHUDPHU3VLFRORJtD
'HURJDWLV /5 6\PSWRP &KHFNOLVW 5 $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ
VFRULQJ DQG SURFHGXUHV PDQXDO 86$ 1DWLRQDO &RPSXWHU
6\VWHPV,QF
1DMVRQ 6 )UDQFROLQR & 9LHUD 0 9DOLGDFLyQ GHO 6\PSWRP
&KHFN/LVW5SDUDODSREODFLyQXUXJXD\D8QLYHUVLGDGGH
OD5HS~EOLFD&6,&
.LMDF0(OVHQWLPLHQWRGHLGHQWLGDGHQORVVREUHYLYLHQWHVGH
ORVFDPSRVGHH[WHUPLQLR\HQVXVKLMRV,,&RQJUHVR3VLFRD
QDOtWLFR,QWHUQDFLRQDO%DUFHORQD
.DLW] 0 /HY\ 0 (EVWHLQ 5 )DUDRQH 69 0DQNXWD ' 7KH
LQWHUJHQHUDWLRQDOHIIHFWVRIWUDXPDIURPWHUURU$UHDOSRVVLELOLW\
,QIDQW0HQWDO+HDOWK-

Revista Latinoamericana de Psiquiatra Volumen 11, nm. 2, enero-marzo 2012

45