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Why perform a Drive test?
y Every alive Network needs to be under continues
control to maintain/improve the performance.
l i i /i h f
y Optimization is basically the only way to keep track of
the network by looking deep into statistics and
collecting/analyzing drive test data.
y Drive test helps operation and maintenance for
troubleshooting purposes.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 2
GSM Parameters
y RxLevel
y RxQuality
y Frame Erasure Rate ( FER )
y Bit Error Rate ( BER )
y Carrier to Interferer ( C/I )
y Speech Quality Index ( SQI )
( )
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 3
RxLevel
y The power level corresponding to the average received
signal level of the downlink as measured by the mobile
station.
station
y Normal Range is from ‐30 to – 70.
y Level lower than ‐70 shows low signal levels.
Level lower than 70 shows low signal levels
y Amplifiers, New site proposal, Hardware check could
alter the low signal level.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 4
RxQuality
y The level corresponding to the mobile station's
perceived quality of the downlink signal.
y Normal range is from 0 to 4.
N l i f
y Quality higher than 4 can result in Call drops, Call
blocks Muted calls Handover failures Interference
blocks, Muted calls, Handover failures, Interference.
y Numerous alternatives could be used to make the
quality normal, which can include setting RF
parameters from OMC.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 5
Frame Erasure Rate ( FER )
y A speech quality degrade factor that indicates fading
and interference.
y Normally should be less than 4%.
N ll h ld b l h %
y FER greater than 4% that degrades RxLevel, RxQuality,
BER SQI and C/I indicates fading that leads to Call
BER, SQI and C/I indicates fading that leads to Call
drops, Call blocks, Muted calls and Handover failures.
y FER plays a major role in troubleshooting of
Interference.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 6
Bit Error Rate ( BER )
y The number of received bits that have been altered
due to noise, interference and distortion, divided by
the total number of transferred bits during a studied
time interval.
y For a perfect system, no bits are to be lost.
For a perfect system no bits are to be lost
y Loss of bits can result in fading and interference that
leads to Call drops, Call blocks, Muted calls and
p
Handover failures.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 7
Carrier to Interferer ( C/ I )
y Co–channel interference is the term used for
interference in a cell caused by carriers with the same
frequency present in other cells.
frequency present in other cells
y Normal Range of C/I should be greater than 12 dB.
y Value lower than 12 dB indicates interference with a
certain frequency that could be co‐channel or adjacent
channel interference.
y Neighbor sites should be properly planned to
overcome interference problems.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 8
Speech Quality Index ( SQI )
y SQI is an estimate of the perceived speech quality as
experienced by the mobile user, is based on handover
events and on the bit error and frame erasure
distributions.
y SQI should be greater than 18
SQI should be greater than 18.
y Low SQI indicates degraded speech quality and
interference.
y RF parameter tuning could level the SQI back to its
normal value.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 9
CDMA Parameters
y RxLevel
y TxPower
y Carrier Energy to Interference( Ec/Io )
y Carrier to Interferer ( C/I )
y Signal to Noise Ratio ( SNR )
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 10
RxLevel
y The power level corresponding to the average received
signal level of the downlink as measured by the mobile
station.
station
y Normal Range is from ‐30 to – 80.
y Level lower than ‐80 shows low signal levels.
Level lower than 80 shows low signal levels
y New site proposal, Hardware check could alter the low
signal level.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 11
TxPower
y Tx Power Control determines how the transmit power
of the receiving base station will vary.
f h i i b i ill
y TxPower should be upto ‐20.
y Value less than ‐20 will indicate Interference that can
V l l h ill i di I f h
result in Call drops, Call blocks, Voice breaks.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 12
Carrier Energy to Interference ( Ec/Io)
y The ratio of received pilot energy, Ec, to total received
energy or the total power spectral density, Io.
h l l d i I
y Ec/Io should be upto ‐13dB.
y Values less than ‐13dB could be due to bad terrain,
V l l h dB ld b d b d i
interference or increased number of users.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 13
Carrier to Interferer ( C/ I )
y Co–channel interference is the term used for
interference in a cell caused by carriers with the same
frequency present in other cells.
frequency present in other cells
y Normal Range of C/I should be less than 12dB.
y Value greater than 12 dB indicates interference with a
certain frequency that results in a low throughput.
y Neighbor sites should be properly planned to
overcome interference problems.
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 14
Signal to Noise Ratio ( SNR )
y Signal to Noise ratio of the carrier.
y SNR should be less than 6%.
y Values higher than that will result in low throughput,
voice quality breaks
i li b k
22 May 2010 Made By: Khalid Mahmood 15