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1 Compliance
Technical Report 1
Matthew R. Buda
The Pennsylvania State University
Architectural Engineering Mechanical Option
Advisor: Dr. Treado
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
4-7
7-8
9-11
5. Building Envelope
6. Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning
7. Service Hot Water Heating
8. Power
9. Lighting
Resources
12
Appendix A
13
Appendix B
14-17
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Executive Summary
Applying ASHRAE Standard 62.1 and 90.1 to Freetown Elementary School in Glen Burnie,
Maryland resulted in several findings. Analyzing Section 5 and 6 of ASHRAE Standard 62.1 resulted in
discussions on natural ventilation, variable volume ability, system controls, particulate matter removal,
and air classification. Analyzing ASHRAE Standard 90.1 resulted in an in-depth look at the building
envelope, the HVAC systems, the hot water heating, the power, and the lighting.
The natural ventilation in Freetown Elementary School was found to comply completely and
provides a good way to ventilate spaces on the perimeter of the building to save some energy when it
can. Variable volume ability was found to allow different areas within a zone to be controlled at
different temperatures pleasing the occupants using the space. Research into the system controls allows
a better understanding of the two-pipe system used and how it is switched from heating to cooling
mode and vice versa. Particulate matter removal enforces the need to clean the outside air coming into
the building and stresses the importance of indoor air quality to the occupants of the building. The
overall results of this analysis are that the building complies with the overall standard and is a healthy
building for its occupants.
An in-depth procedure was used to analyze the ventilation rates in accordance with Standard
62.1 Section 6. This procedure resulted in compliance with the standard in all of the rooms supplied by
the air handling units and the energy recovery units. The ventilation rates reached the minimum values
to provide quality airflow throughout the building.
After I analyzed Standard 90.1, I came to the conclusion that Freetown Elementary School is in
compliance with the standard. The building envelope meets the requirements for the climate zone
except for the window glazing. However, the building is mostly brick and the glazing has a small effect
on the building loads. The energy recovery units on the east and west classroom wings did not meet the
requirements for efficiency mostly because their fans were overpowered because of the amount of air
the supply fan has to accommodate compared to the other air handling units.
In conclusion, the building is mostly compliant with Standard 62.1 Section 5/Section 6 and
Standard 90.1. Indoor air quality and sustainability is an important part of the design and should closely
follow the ASHRAE standards to prove that the building is safe for its occupants.
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Room
Typical Classroom
42
28
42
28
28
42
14
28
14
14
28
108
108
728
144
66
224
210
48
30
119
110
39%
26%
6%
19%
42%
19%
7%
58%
47%
12%
25%
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Exhaust Fan
EF-5
EF-10
EF-14
Boiler Flue
Acceptable
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Outdoor air intakes are equipped with 0.5 inch mesh and 0.063 inch wire diameter bird screens,
flashing, and a prefabricated roof curb to manage what goes into the mechanical system.
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
According to Table 5-2 and Table 6-1 in the ASHRAE standard, almost all of the building air can be
classified as Class 1, which can be recirculated. Kitchen exhaust is classified under Class 3 and the art kiln
is classified under Class 4. The kitchen and kiln exhaust are ducted to the roof, therefore they are not
recirculated.
5.18 Requirements for Buildings Containing ETS Areas and ETS-Free Areas
Freetown Elementary School is a smoke-free facility therefore this section does not apply.
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Voz = zone outdoor airflow, which is the outdoor airflow that must provide the zone by supply air
distribution systems
Ez = zone air distribution effectiveness
Primary Outdoor Air Fraction
Zp = Voz / Vpz
Vpz = primary zone airflow
Uncorrected Outdoor Intake
Vou = D(Rp x Pz) + (Ra x Az)
Outdoor Air Intake
Vot = Vou / Ev
Ev = system ventilation efficiency
Appendix A shows the results and assumed values for each condition.
Discussion of Results
Overall, the ventilation rates were compliant with the design. Only a few of the rooms had a
high Zp value including: the Resource Room, the Special Ed Resource Room both on the second floor,
and the Science Resource Room on the first floor. This was because the rooms were fairly small square
footage with plenty of seating; therefore, a high ventilation rate is needed for all of the people in the
room. The classrooms also had a high Zp value because of the number of people in the rooms; however,
with the use of the operable windows, natural ventilation will be a maximum in the seasonal months.
The air handlers will not have to provide much mechanical input when the air temperatures are right for
window use.
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
ASHRAE 90.1
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 goes in depth on the building envelope, the HVAC systems, equipment efficiencies,
including electric motors, the buildings power and the buildings lighting design.
5. Building Envelope
5.1 General: Freetown Elementary School, located in Glen Burnie, MD, is in Climate Zone 4
according to the map in Appendix A of this report.
5.4 Mandatory Provisions: Fenestrations and door frames are sealed, caulked, gasketed, or
weather-stripped to prevent infiltration and minimize air leakage. The vestibule located at the
entrance of Freetown Elementary School complies with no less than 7 feet separation between
the doors when closed as the standard calls for. The distance between the doors is 10.5 feet.
5.5 Prescriptive Building Envelope Option: According to Table 5.5-4 in the ASHRAE standard,
the building should have maximum U values and minimum insulation R values under the
non-residential class. Vertical glazing went over the maximum value but is not a huge part of
the exterior faade so it has a small effect on building loads.
Roof
Walls
Vertical Glazing
ASHRAE
Assembly
Maximum
U Values
Design
Assembly
Maximum
U-0.048
U-0.104
U-0.40
U-0.033
U-0.083
U-0.49
ASHRAE
SHGC
0.4
Design
Compliance
0.55
Yes
Yes
No/No
6. HVAC Systems
6.4 Mandatory Provisions: All equipment shall meet the minimum standard and efficiency at
operating conditions specified in Table 6.8.1 in the ASHRAE standard. Mechanical equipment
shall have a permanent label installed by the manufacturer stating that the equipment complies
with the ASHRAE Standard 90.1. The supply of heating and cooling energy to each zone shall be
individually controlled within the zone. For more information about controls, refer to Standard
62.1 Section 5.4 of this report. HVAC system insulation is in accordance of SMACNA standards
and ducts are sealed according to the minimum duct seal level, Table 6.4.4.2A in the ASHRAE
standard.
Freetown Elementary School
Glen Burnie, MD
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
6.5 Prescriptive Path: The two-pipe changeover system that supplies both heated and chilled
water is acceptable because it has a dead band of 15F outdoor air temperature for
changeover. The system also allows for operation of at least four hours before changing over
to the other mode. Reset controls are provided to allow heating and cooling supply
temperatures to be no greater than 30 F apart at changeover. Fan power limitations, listed on
Table 6.5.3.1.1A of the ASHRAE standard, shall be in accordance with the designed horsepower.
Exhaust fans 2 and 16 fall under the exception of motors with less than 1 horsepower;
therefore, their non-compliance is okay for this standard.
Fan Power Limitations
Fan Tag
EF-1
EF-2
EF-3
EF-4
EF-5
EF-6
EF-7
EF-8
EF-9
EF-10
EF-11
EF-12
EF-13
EF-14
EF-15
EF-16
EF-17A
EF-18A
RAHU-1
RAHU-2
RAHU-3
RAHU-4A
RAHU-5
RAHU-6 Supply
RAHU-6 Return
ERU-1 Supply
ERU-1 Return
ERU-2 Supply
ERU-2 Return
Freetown Elementary School
ASHRAE HP
900
150
1300
350
2125
550
250
375
550
750
400
1500
1300
400
1150
250
400
250
1530
1530
6000
7500
3200
4680
4200
8100
7900
9800
9450
1.0
0.2
1.4
0.4
2.3
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.4
1.7
1.4
0.4
1.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
1.7
1.7
6.6
8.3
3.5
5.1
4.6
8.9
8.7
10.8
10.4
Glen Burnie, MD
Actual
HP
1/4
1/4
1/2
1/4
1
1/4
1/10
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/3
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/3
1/4
1/10
1 1/2
1 1/2
5
10
3
3
1 1/2
15
15
5
7 1/2
Compliance
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
10
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Rooftop air handling unit 4A and both of the energy recovery units were not compliant. I
believe they oversized the fans because the energy recovery units serve such a large area and
contain a rather large movement of CFM compared to the other air handling units. Air handling
unit 4A was oversized because it serves the gymnasium. The gymnasium is such a large area
that it needs a large supply fan to meet the room loads.
6.8 Minimum Equipment Efficiency Tables: In this section, the air cooled chiller and the two
boilers were analyzed to achieve the minimum efficiency by the ASHRAE standard in Table
6.8.1.
Equipment Efficiencies
ASHRAE
Design
Minimum
Efficiency
Efficiency
Air Cooled Chiller
Boilers
2.8 COP
75%
2.8 COP
79%
Compliance
Yes
Yes
Glen Burnie, MD
11
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Resources
ASHRAE, 2007, ANSI/ASHRAE, Standard 62.1 2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc.
Atlanta, GA. 2007.
ASHRAE, 2007, ANSI/ASHRAE, Standard 90.1 2007, Energy Standard for Buildings except
LowRise Residential Buildings. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Atlanta, GA. 2007.
James Posey Associates. 2008. MEP Construction Documents. James Posey Associates,
Baltimore, MD. 2008.
Rubeling Associates, Inc. 2008. Architectural Construction Documents. Rubeling Associates,
Inc., Towson, MD. 2008.
Rubeling Associates, Inc. 2008. Specifications. Rubeling Associates, Inc., Towson, MD. 2008.
Glen Burnie, MD
12
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Appendix A
The red star indicates where Freetown Elementary School is located on the climate zone map
taken from Appendix B of the ASHRAE standards.
Glen Burnie, MD
13
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
Appendix B
Room Number
129
C-10
Vou
430
Vot
537
Room Name
General Music
Corridor
Room Number
Room Name
130
Instrumental Music
C-10
S-8
S-9
Corridor
Storage
Interior Storage
Vou
232
Vot
258
Room Number
Room Name
132
C-5
Cafeteria
Corridor
Vou
880
Vot
880
Room Number
Room Name
133
Gym
Vou
1255
Vot
1395
AHU-1
Az Pz Rp
Ra
Vbz
Ez
Voz
Vpz
Zp
Ev
108 42 10
57 0 0
0.06
0.06
426
3
1
1
426
3
1350
180
0.32
0.02
0.8
1.0
Ra
Vbz
Ez
Voz
Vpz
Zp
Ev
215.9
6.84
2.88
6.24
1
1
1
1
215.9
6.84
2.88
6.24
900
270
100
260
0.24
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
Az
AHU-2
P z Rp
432 19 10 0.06
114 0 0 0.06
24 0 0 0.12
52 0 0 0.12
Az
AHU-3
P z Rp
1010 101
190
0
Az
Glen Burnie, MD
8 0.06
0 0.06
AHU-4A
P z Rp
1456 146
Ra
Ra
8 0.06
Vbz
Ez
Voz
868.6
11.4
1
1
868.6
11.4
Vbz
Ez
Voz
1255
1255
Vpz
Zp
Ev
Vpz
Zp
Ev
14
Matthew Buda
Mechanical
AHU-5
Room Number
Room Name
Az
Pz
R
p
Ra
Vbz
Ez
Voz
Vpz
Zp
Ev
48.16
48.16
45
0
6.2
6.2
8.96
8.96
75
40
0
0.1
1
0.0
8
0.0
2
1.
0
1.
0
1.
0
A-1
Reception
13
6
A-2
File Room
20
A-3
Work Room
66
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
A-4
Principal's Office
48
0.0
6
37.88
37.88
35
0
0.1
1
1.
0
A-5
Conference Room
66
0.0
6
43.96
43.96
35
0
0.1
3
1.
0
A-6
Assistant Principal's
Office
30
0.0
6
16.8
16.8
21
5
0.0
8
1.
0
84
20.04
20.04
A-9
Nurse's Office
28
21.68
21.68
A-12
Guidance Office
64
38.84
38.84
A-14
PPW/ PSYCH
28
1.68
1.68
27
5
12
5
20
0
11
0
0.0
7
0.1
7
0.1
9
0.0
2
1.
0
0.
9
0.
9
1.
0
39
2
23.52
23.52
C-3
Vestibule
80
4.8
4.8
C-2
Corridor
96
5.76
5.76
40
0
15
0
10
0
0.0
6
0.0
3
0.0
6
1.
0
1.
0
1.
0
Vou
278
Vot
309
Glen Burnie, MD
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
6
15
Room Number
Room Name
127
128
A-15
126
125
Media Center
Volunteer
Media Office
Material Prep
Material Storage
Vou
824
Vot
915
Room Number
201
202
203
204
217
218
219
220
S-1
S-25
C-12
C-13
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
111
A-11
C-2
Room Name
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
General Storage
General Storage
Corridor
Corridor
ECC
ECC
ECC
ECC
ECC
ECC
Special ED
Resource Level V
Faculty Lounge
Corridor
Vou
4665
Vot
5831
Matthew Buda
Az
AHU-6
P z Rp
Ra
Vbz
Az
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
64
45
264
248
252
252
252
252
252
252
288
144
144
288
ERU-1
Pz
Rp
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
10
29
10
29
10
29
10
29
10
29
10
25
10
13
10
8
5
0
0
Glen Burnie, MD
Ra
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.06
0.06
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.06
0.06
V bz
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
7.68
5.4
15.84
14.88
320.2
320.2
320.2
320.2
320.2
320.2
284.6
147.3
48.64
17.28
Ez
Voz
Mechanical
Vpz
Zp
Ev
Ez
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V oz
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
7.68
5.4
15.84
14.88
320.2
320.2
320.2
320.2
320.2
320.2
284.6
147.3
48.64
17.28
V pz
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
200
200
400
800
1300
1300
1300
1300
1300
1300
1300
600
600
400
Zp
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.22
0.25
0.08
0.04
Ev
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
16
Room Number
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
216
212
213
215
C-11
A-20
S-20
S-22
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
C-6
S-4
Room Name
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Resouce Room
Classroom
ELL
Special Ed
Resource Room
Corridor
Special Ed Office
Storage
Storage
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Classroom
Science Resource
Classroom
Speech Resource
Art
Corridor
Storage
Vou
5625
Vot
8036
Matthew Buda
Az
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
135
224
119
ERU-2
Pz
Rp
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
25
10
21
10
25
10
15
10
110
368
36
64
64
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
60
224
368
64
Glen Burnie, MD
15
0
2
0
0
25
25
25
25
25
25
36
25
9
34
0
0
10
0
5
0
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
Ra
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
V bz
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
226.2
276.9
164.3
0.12
0.06
0.06
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.18
0.06
0.12
163.2
22.08
12.16
7.68
7.68
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
385.2
275.2
97.2
380.3
22.08
7.68
Ez
Mechanical
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V oz
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
226.2
276.9
164.3
V pz
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
600
1000
600
Zp
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.38
0.28
0.27
Ev
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
163.2
22.08
12.16
7.68
7.68
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
275.2
385.2
275.2
97.2
380.3
22.08
7.68
450
600
150
150
200
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
400
1300
600
200
0.36
0.04
0.08
0.05
0.04
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.39
0.28
0.24
0.29
0.04
0.04
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.0
17