SEISMIC OPERATION

STEPS of LAND SEISMIC OPERATION

Permit & Socialization
Topography (line clearence and stations positioning
Shot hole drilling
Charge (explosive) loading
Receivers planting and cables deployment
Data recording
Field data processing
Data delivery

TOPOGRAPHY LINE PROGRAM

Garis Pantai

BGA DI
2859 MSS

2830.33

SEISMIK 2D

SEISMIK 3D

TOPOGRAPHY STATION and BM

BENCH MARK

TOTAL STATION

BENCH MARK

GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)

TOPOGRAPHY BRIDGING

STATION STICK

FOREST BRIDGING
SWAMP BRIDGING

Shot hole drilling

SEISMIC SHOT HOLE DIAGRAM

Shot hole drilling

Swampy area
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Shot hole drilling

JACRO

POWERIG
8

Shot hole drilling

COMPRESOR
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Shot hole drilling

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Source (explosive)

Dynamite assembly

Dynamite and accesoris

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Explosive loading

Dynamite assembly

Loading the dynamite

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Tamping

Tamping the hole

Shot point
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Source (airgun)

AIRGUN

GUNBOAT

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Loading in...5

Source

VIBROSEIS

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Loading in...5

Source

WEIGHT DROP
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Loading in...5

Receiver

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Recording

GEOPHONE

HYDROPHONE

ACQUISITION UNIT
CONTROL UNIT (LABO)

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Recording

GEOPHONE PLANTING CREW

WORKSHOP

LEAKAGE TEST

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Recording

PLANTING GEOPHONE
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Recording

Cable crew

Layout on pond

Layout on street

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Recording

22

Recording

Stop the noise from the traffic

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Recording

RAW DATA 2D SEISMIC

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Recording

MONITOR RECORD SEISMIC 2D

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Recording

MONITOR RECORD SEISMIC 2D

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Recording

RAW DATA 3D SEISMIC

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Recording

RAW DATA 3D SEISMIC

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Recording

RAW DATA 2D SEISMIC

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Recording

RAW DATA 3D SEISMIC

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Field data processing

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Stack section

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Time slice

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MARINE SEISMIC ACQUISITION

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MARINE SEISMIC CONSIDERATION

The boat must pull the receiver cable behind it and must
also strive to keep the receivers/streamers in line
Cross currents cause the cable to sway or feather
from the desire straight line behind the boat. Some infill
shootings are needed
The most popular source is air gun, usually more than
one, which fire in concert or by alternating pattern
The boat must keep moving to keep the cable straight
The record length affects shot spacing and speed of the
boat
After each linear traverse, the boat need a lot of room to
turn around and this area must be cleared
A good scouting is needed to get surface information
and avoid obstacles like fish trap, boat traffic, platform,
etc
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MARINE SEISMIC

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MARINE SEISMIC

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3D MARINE SEISMIC CONFIGURATION

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3D MARINE SEISMIC

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3D MARINE SEISMIC

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3D MARINE SEISMIC

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GUN ARRAY
ARRAY CONFIGURATION

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GUN ARRAY
GUN CAPACITY CONFIGURATION

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GUN ARRAY
Peak to Bubble Ratio

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GUN ARRAY
FAR FIELD SIGNATURE OF ARRAY

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GUN ARRAY
AMPLITUDE SPECTRUM

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GUN ARRAY
SOURCE INLINE DIRECTIVITY

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GUN ARRAY
SOURCE CROSS LINE DIRECTIVITY

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MARINE SEISMIC SHOOTING PATTERN

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MARINE SEISMIC SHOOTING PATTERN

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

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MARINE SAIL POLYGON

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

Conventional survey
Easy geological structure

Multiple survey
Complex geological structure

Multi vessel survey

complex geological structure

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

RICH AZIMUTH SURVEY

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

NARROW AND RICH AZIMUTH SEISMIC SECTION

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

NARROW AND RICH AZIMUTH SEISMIC SECTION

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

RICH AZIMUTH SURVEY (COIL SHOOTING)

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

RICH AZIMUTH SURVEY (COIL SHOOTING)

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

RICH AZIMUTH SURVEY (COIL SHOOTING)

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

RICH AZIMUTH SURVEY (COIL SHOOTING)

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3D MARINE SEISMIC SAIL LINE

RICH AZIMUTH SURVEY (COIL SHOOTING)

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3D MARINE SEISMIC
Broadband seismic survey

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3D MARINE SEISMIC
Broadband seismic survey

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MARINE QC

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MARINE QC
WEATHER FORECAST

WIND SPEED AND

DIRECTION

WAVE HIGH AND

DIRECTION

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MARINE QC
RECORD OBSERVATION

SEISMIC RAW DATA

NOISE LEVEL INDICATOR

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STREAMER FEATHER

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FEATHERING PROBLEM

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FEATHERING PROBLEM

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MARINE QC
FEATHERING PROBLEM

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MARINE QC

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MARINE QC

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MARINE QC

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MARINE QC
NOISE ON STREAMER

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MARINE QC
NOISE FROM VESSEL SPEED

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MARINE QC
TIDAL CURRENT - FEATHERING PROBLEM

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MARINE QC
FEATHERING PROBLEM

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LONGER STREAMER

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LONGER STREAMER

PARAMETER :

PARAMETER :

8 STREAMER , 8000 m, 100 m separation

4 STREAMER , 4800 m, 53.3 m separation

Dual source, 6.25x12.5m bin size

Single source, 13.3x26m bin size

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HIGH DENSITY 3D SEISMIC

PARAMETER :

PARAMETER :

8 STREAMER , 8000 m, 100 m separation

4 STREAMER , 4800 m, 53.3 m separation

54 Fold, 6.25x12.5m bin size

34 Fold, 13.3x26.6m bin size

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BROAD-BAND SEISMIC
4C Receiver

Source: Cyrill Reiser, Petroleum Geo-Services

BROAD-BAND SEISMIC
4C Receiver

Source: Cyrill Reiser, Petroleum Geo-Services

BROAD-BAND SEISMIC
4C Receiver

Source: Cyrill Reiser, Petroleum Geo-Services

MARINE OPERATION

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MARINE SEISMIC PROBLEMS

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MARINE SEISMIC EQUIPMENT

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TRANSITION ZONE SEISMIC

DEFINITION
The region near the land-sea boundary where neither
land nor marine operations can be carried out without
significant modifications.
May include marsh, shallow lagoons, surf zone, and
marine waters that are to shallow or too obstructed
for normal towed-streamed marine operations

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TRANSITION ZONE SEISMIC

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TRANSITION ZONE SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS

Using multi source and receiver type (explosive,
vibrator, air-gun, geophone and hydrophone/OBC)
Phase matching problem, should have overlap area
for data matching
Slope of the beach and tidal range will affect the
transition parameter design
Strong current will move or bend the line on the sea
bed
Shooting period and shot-hole drilling are depend on
high tide period
Fish trap and fisherman activities will disturb the
operation
Static problem will appear on very thick mud or sand
dunes
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TRANSITION ZONE DESIGN - EXAMPLE

SEA
ZONE

LAND ZONE

VERLAP ZONE
LAND & SEA

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TRANSITION ZONE DESIGN - EXAMPLE

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TRANSITION ZONE SEISMIC - OPERATION

GUN BOAT

RECORDING BOAT

MASTER BOAT

CABLE BOAT

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SP / TRACE POSITION

- Use floats or sticks

- Could be SP or Station
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HYDROPHONE HOLE

- Use case to avoid ground colaps

- Use for hydrophone and geophone matching filter
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DRILL BOAT

- Use catamaran for shallow water drilling (< 2m)

- Use for explosive and airgun matching filter
- Be aware of case under the water, could broke the ships
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CABLE BOAT

- Use GPS for positioning with water depth > 3 m

- Be aware of current, need weight on the cable
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GUN BOAT

- Need more than 3 m water depth

- Shot effectively in high tide
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