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Present
Simple
speak / speaks
Past
spoke
Future
will speak
going to speak
Continuous
am/is/are
speaking
was/were
speaking
will be
speaking
Perfect
have/has
spoken
had
spoken
will have
spoken
Perfect Continuous
have been
speaking
had been
speaking
will have been
speaking
Present Simple
For general facts:
--This shirt costs ten dollars.
--We speak English.
For actions that happen regularly:
-- I take guitar lessons on Wednesday nights.
--Sarah sometimes eats lunch in her office.
Present Continuous
For a continuous action in progress at the moment:
-- Im currently studying biology at university.
--Bill cant talk on the phone right now hes doing his homework.
--Were watching TV at the moment.
For future plans/arrangements:
--My sister is driving me to the airport on Saturday.
--Tim and Joanna are joining us for dinner next week.
Present Perfect
With actions that happened in the past at an unspecified time:
--Ive met several celebrities.
--Hes been to Australia several times.
--Weve already taken the test.
With actions that began in the past and continue to the present:
--Ive lived in this house for five years.
--Harry has worked at the same company since 1992.
Note: Usually the verbs lived and worked. The present perfect continuous can also be
used see the next section.
With actions that have never happened:
--Ive never broken a bone.
--Shes never bought a car.
Past Simple
For events that started and finished in the past:
Past Continuous
For events that were in progress in the past (often when another one-time event
happened):
--Sorry I didnt pick up the phone I was taking a shower when you called.
--He was sleeping on the couch when I got home.
Past Perfect
For past events that happened BEFORE other past events:
--When I woke up, I saw that my husband had made breakfast.
--Five minutes after leaving my house, I realized Id forgotten to lock the front door.
Future Simple
There are two ways to form the future simple tense in English.
Use the going to form of the future simple tense
For plans, arrangements, and predictions:
--Were going to move to a different city next year.
--I think the current president is going to be reelected.
Use the will form of the future simple tense
For promises, offers, predictions, and decisions made in the moment of speaking:
--Promise: Ill call you later.
--Offer: Well give you a ride home.
-Prediction:I have a feeling that this new singer will become very popular.
--Decision made in the moment: Ill have the spaghetti and a side order of salad.
Future Continuous
For actions that will be in progress at a time in the future:
--At 10:30 tomorrow morning, well be giving a presentation in English class.
--Hell be watching the football game tonight at 8.
Future Perfect
For actions that will be completed before a future time:
--Were late. By the time we get to the theater, the movie will have started already.
--We will have traveled to 12 different countries by 2015.
tion
Simple
Present
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
Past
Progressive
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
Present
Perfect
Simple
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?
Present
Perfect
Progressive
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
Past Perfect
Progressive
Future I
Simple
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
Future I
Simple
in a year, next ,
tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I (If you ask
her, shewill help you.)
assumption: I think,
probably, perhaps
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
Future I
Progressive
A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
Future II
Simple
by Monday, in a week
Future II
(going to)
Progressive
Active Form
if sentences type II
(If I were you, Iwould
go home.)
putting emphasis on
thecourse / duration of the
action
puts emphasis on
thecourse / duration of the
action
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing
receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Passive Form
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing
doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form
if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You
can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to
mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Passive
Simple
Present
Present
Continuous
Simple Past
Past
Continuous
Present
Perfect
Present
Perfect
Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Continuous
Simple Future
BE GOING TO
Future
Continuous
BE GOING TO
Used to
Would
Always
Future in the
Past
WILL
Simple Future
WILL
Future
Continuous
BE GOING TO
Future Perfect
WILL
Future Perfect
BE GOING TO
Future Perfect
Continuous
WILL
Future Perfect
Continuous
WOULD
Future in the
Past
WAS GOING TO
I drive
Simple Past
I drove
Present Perfect
I have driven
Past Perfect
I had driven
will-future
I will drive
Future Perfect
Conditional I
I would drive
Conditional II
I am driving
Simple Past
I was driving
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
will-future
I will be driving
Future Perfect
Conditional I
I would be driving
Conditional II
I am driven
Simple Past
I was driven
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
will-future
I will be driven
Future Perfect
Conditional I
I would be driven
Conditional II
I am being driven
Past
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future
Future Perfect
Conditional I
Conditional II