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50
or
I.
INTRODUCTION
The combustion engines derive their name from the fact that
the transformation of the energy from chemical (that is to say
contained into the fuel that is being burned) to mechanical-and
therefore available to the motor shaft to operate various
devices (cars, trucks, alternators, dynamos, etc.) . [1]
Internal combustion engines have been in use for more than a
century and have undergone tremendous changes in design,
materials used and operating characteristics. Never ones
during their long history of development have they lost their
importance as the planet most widely used prime movers. In
the past few decades, research efforts have been focused
largely on better spark ignition engine, from the perspective of
reducing the pollutant emissions without sacrificing
performance and fuel economy. Another driving force behind
the need to design engines amenable to operate on nonconventional fuels is the rapid depletion rate of currently used
fossil fuels.[2]. The importance of environment and energy is
emphasized in various sectors. Increase in stringent emission
regulations and anticipated depletion of worldwide petroleum
reserves in future provide a strong encouragement to carry out
research on alternate fuels . Among the various alternate fuels,
like methanol ,hydrogen , ethanol...ect.[3]. Considering
pollution problems today, investigations have been
concentrated on lowering the concentration of toxic
components in combustion products. In many areas of the
world, there has been tremendous progress in reducing and
eliminating the use of lead and methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) in gasoline. There is now virtually universal
sahib.aldulaimi@uokufa.edu.iq
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51
T . N .2. pi
60000
.1
.c
P
1000
.3
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P (KW)
4
3.5
P (KW)
100% G + 0% M
2.5
2
97% G + 3% M
1.5
95% G + 5% M
93% G + 7% M
0.5
90% G + 10% M
0
0
10
12
T (N.M)
Fig. 3. Effect of load on brake power with different methanol blending ratios.
30
25
(%)
20
100% G + 0% M
15
97% G + 3% M
95% G + 5% M
10
93% G + 7% M
5
90% G + 10% M
0
0
10
12
T (N.M)
s.f.c
s.f.c (g/kwh)
52
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
90% G + 10% M
100% G + 0% M
97% G + 3% M
95% G + 5% M
93% G + 7% M
0
10
12
T (N.M)
Fig. 5. Effect of load on the brake SFC with different methanol blending
ratios.
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CO %
2.
CO %
3.
100% G + 0% M
97% G + 3% M
95% G + 5% M
93% G + 7% M
1
90% G + 10% M
0
0
10
4.
5.
6.
12
T (N.M)
REFERENCE
[1]
[2]
C02 %
[3]
14
CO2 %
12
[4]
10
100% G + 0% M
97% G + 3% M
[5]
95% G + 5% M
93% G + 7% M
90% G + 10% M
[6]
0
0
53
10
[7]
12
T (N.M)
[8]
[9]
HC %
600
NOMENCLATURE
HC %
500
400
100% G + 0% M
300
97% G + 3% M
95% G + 5% M
200
93% G + 7% M
100
90% G + 10% M
0
0
10
12
Symbol
P
T
N
C
SFC
Hi
Description
Power
Torque
The rotation speed of engine
Fuel flow rate
Effective efficiency
Density
The specific fuel consumption
Fuel calorific value
Units
kW
N.m
Rpm
(liters/h)
kg/liter
g/kW.h
kJ/g
T (N.M)
IIV.
CONCLUSION
The following conclusions can be drawn from the percent
work:-
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