Fully-differential

amplifiers
Willy Sansen
KULeuven, ESAT-MICAS
Leuven, Belgium
willy.sansen@esat.kuleuven.be
Willy Sansen

10-05

081

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

082

Single-stage OTA
VDD

VDD

VB1

VB1
M2

M1

iCirc

M3

M2

M1

vOUT

iCirc

VB2

M4

VSS

M3

M4

VSS
Willy Sansen

10-05

083

Simple CMOS fully-differential OTA

VDD
VB1

M5

Differential pair
No current mirror

GBW =
vIN+

M1

vOUTCL

2
M3

3 M2

VB2

vINvOUT+
CL

gm1
2 CL

Problem:
keep M1-4 in
saturation:

M4

VSS

Control VOUTCOM
Control IDS5
Willy Sansen

10-05

084

Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA with CMFB - 1

VDD

M5

VB

IB
vIN+

M1

3 M2

vIN-

vOUTCL

vOUT+
2
M3

1
M4

CL

VSS
Control VOUTCOM, IDS5
Willy Sansen

10-05

085

Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA withy CMFB - 2

VDD

M5

B2 : 1
5

vIN+

M1

vOUTCL

2
M3

3 M2

VB

vINvOUT+
1
M4

CL

VSS
Control VOUTCOM, IDS5
Willy Sansen

10-05

086

Common-mode feedback equivalent circuit

VDD

M5

B2 : 1
5
3

vINCM

M1,2

vOUTCM
VB
2
M3,4

VSS

CL

2
M5,6
1 : B1

Control VOUTCOM, IDS5

Willy Sansen

10-05

087

Common-mode feedback CMFB

Ad
vind

+ A
- +

voutd

CL

vinc

CL

Ac
+
+

CMFB in unity gain : CMRR = AvCM

Three tasks : 1. Measure the output voltages
2. Cancel out the differential signals
3. Close the CMFB loop
Willy Sansen

10-05

088

Requirements fully-differential amplifiers

High speed : GBWCM > GBWDM
Matching
Output swing limited by :
Output swing of differential-mode amp
Input range of common-mode amp
Low power PCM < PDM
Willy Sansen

10-05

089

Load capacitance ?
CF
CS

CF
CL

+
vIN

+-

-+

Gm
CS

CM

CS

+-

vOUT

Gm
-+

CS
CF

CF

Willy Sansen

10-05

0810

Load capacitance CIN

CF
CL
vIN

CM

CS

+
vOUT

CS
CF

Willy Sansen

10-05

0811

Load capacitance CINDM

CF
CL
vINDM

CS

+
vOUT

CM

CS
CF
CINDM = CM +

CF + CL + CS
2
Willy Sansen

10-05

0812

Load capacitance CINCM

CF
CL
vINCM

CM

CS

+
vOUT

CS
CF
CINCM = 2 (CF + CL + CS)

> CINDM

Willy Sansen

10-05

0813

GBWDM & GBWCM

IB

IB

v+

v-

v+

v-

CL

vOUT+
R

GBWDM =

vOUT- vOUT+

gm

2 2CL
CLCM = 0

2CL

GBWDM =

vOUT2CL

gm

2 2CL
CLCM = 4 CL
Willy Sansen

10-05

0814

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0815

CMFB amplifier with linear MOSTs

VDD
Vr1
CL

CL

M2

M1

Linear MOSTs:
VDS3 200 mV
IDS = VDS(VGS-VT)
gm3 = VDS3

GBWDM =

M3

VSS

GBWCM =

gm1
2 CL
gm3
2 CL

is always smaller !
Willy Sansen

10-05

0816

Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs

M5

B : 2

M7

Vbias
CL

VDD

: B

M5

Cancel diff. signals

M6
M1

CL

M4

M2
B:1

Linear MOSTs:
VDS5 200 mV

GBWDM = B
GBWCM =

gm1

2 CL
gm5

2 CL

M3
1:B

VSS

is always smaller !
even with M5 in wi !
Willy Sansen

10-05

0817

Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs

Linear MOSTs:
VDS3 200 mV
Ref. Choi, JSSC, Dec.83, 652-653
Willy Sansen

10-05

0818

Total amplifier schematic

E.Peeters etal, CICC 1997

Willy Sansen

10-05

0819

Fully-differential OTA with FF

850 MHz
1.2 m CMOS
F. Opt Eynde, Kluwer Ac. 1993
Willy Sansen

10-05

0820

Transconductor with C

DG compen.

VDS1 = RDID 0.2 V

IDS1 = 1VDS1(VGS1-VT)
gm1 = 1VDS1 is constant

Ref. Alini, JSSC, Dec.92, pp.1905-1915

Willy Sansen

10-05

0821

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0822

Fully-differential amplifier with resistive CMFB

IB
M1

vin1
vo1

M1

M2

vo2

Av = gm1 (R // ro )
ro = ro1//ro2
vin2

Linear resistors R
To cancel
differential signals
Willy Sansen

10-05

0823

Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: Diff. mode

GBWDM =
gm1
2 CL
CL= 4 pF
Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, 1410-1414
Willy Sansen

10-05

0824

Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: CM

Ca

GBWCM =
gm6
4 CL

Ra

fndCM =
4
2Ra(CGS6+Ca)
fz =
Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, 1410-1414

1
2RaCa

Willy Sansen

10-05

0825

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0826

Fully-diff amp. with error amplifier: Diff. mode

GBWDM =
Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88

gm1
2 Cc

Willy Sansen

10-05

0827

Fully-diff amp. with error amp. : Common mode

Nonlinear !

GBWCM =
Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88

gm58
4 Cc

Willy Sansen

10-05

0828

Class AB fully-differential amplifier

Ref. Lee, JSSC

Dec.85, 1103-1113
Willy Sansen

10-05

0829

Comparison
Criterion

Linear
MOST

GBWCM/GBWDM

< 0.1

>1

>1

Required tol.

<1%

<6%

<6%

Diff.output swing 0.8 VDDSS

Is limited by
cascodes
Power dissipation 1 amp

Error amp Error amp.

Source foll. Quad amp.

0.4 VDDSS 0.4 VDDSS

source foll. cm input
3 amps

2 amps
Willy Sansen

10-05

0830

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0831

Fully-differential amplifier with gain boosting

Willy Sansen

10-05

0832

Low-voltage (1.1 V) DIDO

Gata, JSSC Dec.02

1670-1678
Willy Sansen

10-05

0833

Linear CM amplifier

VoutCM = VDC + VGS7

Ref. Hernandez, JSSC

Aug.05, 1610-1617
Willy Sansen

10-05

0834

Fully-diff.amp. with separate linear trans.CMFB

Av = 0.3

Linear MOSTs
24 MHz/ 3 pF

3 V/ 5 mA

IDS1 = 0.25 mA Comp 4 k/ 2 pF > 20 MHz

Ref. Pasch, AICSP, 2000

Willy Sansen

10-05

0835

CMFB over 2 or more amplifiers

CL1
+
vIN

+-

-+

CL2
+-

CM

vOUT1

vOUT2

CM

-+

CL1

CL2
vCM

Efficient use of 2nd amplifier !

Ref. Mohieldin, JSSC April 2003, 663-668
Willy Sansen

10-05

0836

CMFB over 2 pseudo-differential amps

vCM

vCM

M5
M6
M7

CL

M1

M4

M3

M2
B

CL

B
Willy Sansen

10-05

0837

Fully-differential amplifier with SC CMFB

Willy Sansen

10-05

0838

Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : 1

Switches
1H closed
gives CMFB
and
precharge C

Willy Sansen

10-05

0839

Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : 2

Switches
2H closed
gives CMFB
and
precharge C
Willy Sansen

10-05

0840

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0841

Fully-differental folded cascode with source foll.

1 :

M4

M5

CL
2

IB1
Vr1

M3 +

Vr1

M1

M4

5
M3

M5

M4

CL
2

M7

Vr2
1

M6
M6

M2

Ra

VDD

Ra
3

IB2
VSS

Willy Sansen

10-05

0842

Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications

Techn: CMOS

Specs:

Verify:

Lmin = 0.8 m ; VT = 0.7 V

K'n = 60 A/V2 & K'p = 30 A/V2
VEn = 4 V/m & VEp = 6 V/m

GBWDM = 10 MHz CL = 3 pF
GBWCM = 20 MHz
all PM > 70o
VDD/VSS = 1.5 V
Maximum Vswingptp = Voutmax - Voutmin
Minimum Itot
Slew Rate, Noise, ...
Willy Sansen

10-05

0843

Fully-diff. folded cascode in BICMOS

1 :

M4

M5

CL
2

IB1
Vr1

M3 +

Vr1

M1

M4

5
M3

M5

M4

CL
2

M7

Vr2
1

M6
M6

M2

Ra

VDD

Ra
3

IB2
VSS

Willy Sansen

10-05

0844

Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications

Techn: BICMOS

Specs:

Verify:

Lmin = 0.8 m ; VT = 0.7 V

K'n = 60 A/V2 & K'p = 30 A/V2
VEn = 4 V/m & VEp = 6 V/m
fTn = 12 GHz & fTp = 4 GHz

GBWDM = 10 MHz CL = 3 pF
GBWCM = 20 MHz
all PM > 70o
VDD/VSS = 1.5 V
Maximum Vswingptp = Voutmax - Voutmin
Minimum Itot
Slew Rate, Noise, ...
Willy Sansen

10-05

0845

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0846