CANMET Technical Data Sheets Revised September 2012

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEETS
BY
CHANTALE DOUCET AND BENOIT VOYZELLE

REVIEW COMPLETED MAY 29, 2012.
1.0
TESTING OF GROUND SUPPORT
A summary of the most popular methods and devices currently used to test support tendons in
the laboratory is shown in Figure 1, for both static and dynamic conditions. The simplest way to
describe these methods and devices might be to classify these into direct and indirect methods,
depending if the load is applied directly on the tendon or test specimen, as in the case of direct
methods, or on the grouted or holding pipe, as in the case of indirect methods. Well-known
references to describe and illustrate each test method are included in Figure 1. Intermediate test
configurations and different loading mechanisms, e.g. loading at the face plate versus across a
simulated joint for both static and dynamic testing, direct impact versus momentum transfer
loading for dynamic testing, can make the proposed description somewhat arbitrary and
theoretical. In all instances, a simple and objective description of the experimental work under
review, along with a proper presentation of the results is presented.
In the laboratory, static tests are usually carried out following the standard procedure developed
for in situ pull tests (ASTM 2008). Notwithstanding the mode of loading, e.g. direct pull-test at
one end of the bolt, or split-tube test across a simulated joint, the test procedure is relatively
simple, with relatively straight-forward analysis. Only tensile devices are discussed here. The
situation is slightly more complicated with dynamic testing, with two major facilities currently in
operation around the world, e.g. the CANMET-MMSL facility located in Ottawa (Ontario) and
the WASM facility located in Kalgoorlie (Western Australia). The main displacement is
measured at the end of the bolt, or at the point of impact and across a simulated joint along the
holding or connecting pipe. In situ standard pull-test is the most common direct static test
carried out in the field (ASTM 2008). Test results reported in the Technical Information Data
Sheets have been clearly identified according to the devices, procedures and equipments used for
testing.
CanmetMINING
version: 2012-05-29
TEST TYPE AND

METHOD
TESTING DEVICE
TEST TYPE AND

METHOD
TESTING DEVICE
Direct dynamic
impact test method
Direct quasi-static
test method
(Standard pull-test
on bolt end)
CANMET-MMSL / K. Judge.
(Standard impact drop

test on bolt end or
intermediate joint)
CANMET-MMSL / K. Judge.
Indirect quasistatic
test method
Indirect dynamic
impact test method
(Impact drop test with
energy transferred to
the loading mass and
holding tube across a
normal joint)
(Split-tube test
with load applied
on the holding tube
across a normal
joint)
CANMET-MMSL / K. Judge. After

Villaescusa and Wright 1999.
Balkema / Thompson et al. 2004.
Figure 1. Concepts of static and dynamic testing.
CanmetMINING
version: 2012-05-29
2.0
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
The definition of terms used in the Technical Information Data Sheets is presented in Table 1.
Although comprehensive, the table has been reduced to its most simple expression, with only
essential terms being listed, and clear and concise definitions being included.
Table 1. Technical terms and definitions.
Average (Sliding) Load (kN). Average load
measured after the initial peak.
Bolt Diameter (mm). Diameter of the bolt rod
or cable strand, as supplied by manufacturers.
Bolt Length (mm). Total length of the bolt or
cable strand, as supplied by manufacturers.
Cone Diameter (mm).
Maximum cone
diameter of Modified Cone Bolts
Displacement (mm). Total of elastic and
plastic change in the length of the specimen
under loading.
Dynamic Average Load (kN). Load at which
the bolt ploughs, slides under dynamic
loading conditions.
Energy Absorption (J/cm).
Total energy
absorbed by the specimen divided by the
sliding length.
Hole Diameter (mm). Size of the borehole, as
drilled or recommended by manufacturers for
optimal installation of bolts and cables.
Impact Energy (kJ).
Potential Energy
calculated for each test from the drop weight
and height.
Maximum Load (kN).
Maximum load
withstood by a test specimen when loaded
until failure.
Sliding Length (mm). Predetermined length on
the bolt on which sliding can occur;
essentially corresponds to the displacement
capacity.
Steel Elongation (%). Displacement of the bolt
or cable specimen, normalized for the
distance between measuring points.
CanmetMINING
Load-Displacement Curve
(After Gaudreau et al. 2004)
Steel Yield and Tensile Strengths (N/mm2). The yield

strength (or elastic limit) as well as the tensile strength
of the steel material, as supplied by manufacturers.
Stiffness (kN/mm). Slope of the load-displacement
curve. Denoted Ke.
Ultimate Plate Work (kJ). Total area under the plate
load and plate displacement curve. Maximum energy
absorbed by the bolt at failure; energy absorption
capacity.
Velocity, v (m/s). Velocity of the drop weight at the
impact.
Yield Load (kN). Maximum load withstood by a test
specimen before displaying permanent deformation.
version: 2012-05-29
3.0
SUMMARY OF DYNAMIC TESTING AT CANMET-MMSL
Over the past 8 years, various testing programs were undertaken with the participation of the
mining industry and manufacturers to evaluate the behavior of various bolts under different
dynamic loading conditions. Prior to subjecting the bolts to dynamic impacts, pull tests were
performed and compared to in situ test results, when available, in order to ensure that the
laboratory installation is close to the actual behavior of the bolt underground. An overview of
the bolts tested and the results are presented in the following sections and summarized in Table
2. Test results reported in Table 2 were conducted with an impact velocity varying between 4.5
and 5.4 m/s. The maximum impact energy corresponds to the maximum energy the bolt could be
impacted with before failure. The maximum impact energy is used to characterize the bolts
instead of the absorbed energy because, as will be discussed in the next section, bolts will behave
very differently depending on their yielding mechanism and some can absorb more energy than
others for the same impact. Impact energy should therefore be used as the design parameter
because that is the ultimate energy that the bolt could withstand. The displacement values are
the displacement of the bolt measured at the plate end after one impact of the maximum impact
energy recorded in Table 2. The average load is an average of the load measured after the peak
load. The testing configuration used is also specified as it can affect the results significantly.
For example, the Rebar bolt was tested with both test configurations and the energy capacity
varies from 5 kJ, with the impact directly on the bolt plate (i.e. continuous tube), to 14 kJ with
the impact above the bolt plate (split tube).
A similar compilation as presented in Potvin et al (2010) is shown in Figure 2. This figure
groups testing results on bolts subjected to one impact of variable energy. The impact velocities
vary between 3 and 6.3 m/s, for an average of 5.3 m/s. Three main zones are identified: static
support, yielding support stretching and yielding support plowing, sliding. The static
support zone is composed primarily of the mechanical rock bolts and rebars, which are
traditionally installed as primary support. Two yielding support zones are identified depending
on the yielding mechanism of the bolts. The stretching zone is composed primarily of the DBolts which will accumulate a lot of load over a relatively small displacement. The
plowing/sliding zone is composed of the MCB, Roofex and Yield-Lok which will dissipate the
energy over longer displacements through plowing and/or sliding and minimal stretching of the
bolt. Thicker bars provide better energy absorption as shown by comparing the 20-mm diameter
D-Bolt versus the 22-mm diameter. The same goes when comparing the Rx8D with the Rx20D.
Figure 3 presents into greater details the load-displacement behaviour of the bolts when
subjected to one impact of 30 kJ and 5.4 m/s. The difference between the stretching and
sliding/plowing bolts is noticeable. All the bolts presented can sustain the impact energy of 30
kJ but they dissipate the energy in different ways. Larger diameter bolts will accept higher loads
and will not displace through stretching or plowing/sliding as much as smaller bolts.
CanmetMINING
version: 2012-05-29
Table 2. Summary of dynamic tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL.

Maximun
Support
Category
Impact
Energy
(kJ)
Displacement
(mm)
Average
Load
(kN)
Test
Configuration
2.2
43 6
16
Continuous tube
Resin Rebar
(Type #6 - 20 mm)
160
Continuous tube
Resin Rebar
(Type #6 - 20 mm)
14
58
280
Split tube
Modified Cone Bolt

MCB33
16
160 72
134 16
Continuous tube
Fully Debonded Cone Bolt

MCB33FD
30
695 68
55 11
Split tube
Modified Cone Bolt

MCB38
16
89 25
155 46
Continuous tube
Roofex Rx8 Dynamic

800 mm sliding length
34
914
58 4
Continuous tube
Roofex Rx20 Dynamic

800 mm sliding length
51
783 45
99 7
Continuous tube
Yield-Lok
750 mm of coating
43
750
95 7
Continuous tube
D-Bolt (20 mm)

1500 mm smooth section
45
187
256 13
Split tube
D-Bolt (22 mm)

1500 mm smooth section
56
225
279 3
Split tube
Bolt Type
Yielding
Support Stretching
Yielding Support Plowing, Sliding
Static Support
Mechanical Bolt
CanmetMINING
( 14.1 mm, Shell F 32 mm)
version: 2012-05-29
70
yielding support - plowing, sliding
yielding support - stretching
Impact Energy (kJ)
60
50
40
30
20
10
static support
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Plate Displacement (m)

Mech. Bolt
Rebars - split tube
MCB33
Friction bolt
MCB33 FD
Rx20D
Rx8D
Yield Lok
D-Bolt - 20mm x 1.5m
D-Bolt - 22mm x 1.5m
Figure 2. Compilation of dynamic testing results after one impact.
CanmetMINING
version: 2012-05-29
1.4
350
300
MCB33FD (2.1m)
Rx20D (0.45m)
Rx8D (0.80m)
Yield-Lok (0.75m)
D-Bolt (20mm x 0.8m)
Load (kN)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
200
400
600
800
Displacement (mm)
Figure 3. Load versus Displacement behaviours of various bolts after one impact of 30 kJ and 5.4 m/s.
CanmetMINING
version: 2012-05-29
4.0
REFERENCES
Anderson, T., Conlon, B. & Judge, K. (2006). In situ tendon pull tests. Division Report CANMETMMSL 06-008 (TR), CANMET Mining and Minerals Sciences Laboratories, Natural Resources
Canada, Ottawa (Ontario), 41 p.
ASTM (2007). Standard Test Method for Rock Bolt Anchor Pull Test. Standard Designation D4435-04,
ASTM International, West Conshohocken (Pennsylvania), 6 p.
ASTM (2008). Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Rock Anchor Capacities by Pull
and Drop Tests. Standard Designation D7401-08, ASTM International, West Conshohocken
(Pennsylvania), 7 p.
Atlas Copco (2004). Rock Reinforcement Product Information Sheets. Atlas Copco Construction and
Mining (Canada), Lively (Ontario), 32 p.
Atlas Copco (2010). Rock Reinforcement Product Information Sheets. Website
Beauchamp, L.A. (2006). Ground Support Manual. Mines and Aggregates Safety and Health
Association (MASHA), North Bay (Ontario), 285 p.
Cai, M., Champaigne, D. & Kaiser, P.K. (2010). Development of a fully debonded cone bolt for rockburst
support. Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Santiago,
Chile, eds. M. Van Sint Jan and Y. Potvin, Australian Centre for Geomechanics (ACG), Australia,
329-342.
Doucet, C. & Gradnik, R. (2010). Recent developments of the Roofex bolt. Proceedings of the 5th
International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Santiago, Chile, eds. M. Van Sint Jan and Y.
Potvin, Australian Centre for Geomechanics (ACG), Australia, 353-366.
DSI (2009). Mining and Tunneling Products Catalogue. Dywidag Systems International (DSI), DSI
Mining Products, Sudbury (Ontario), 107 p.
Duraset (2005). Rock Tendon Support Product Information Sheets. Duraset/Grinaker-LTA Mining
Products, Alberton/Johannesburg (South Africa), 30 p.
Gaudreau, D., Aubertin, M. & Simon, R. (2004). Performance assessment of tendon support systems
submitted to dynamic loading. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Ground Support,
28-30 September, Perth (Western Australia), E. Villaescusa and Y. Potvin, Editors, A.A. Balkema
Publishers, Leiden (Netherlands), 299-312.
Hadjigeorgiou, J. & Charette, F. (2009). Guide pratique du soutnement minier, 2e dition, Association
minire du Qubec, 162 p.
Hoek, E. (2007). Practical Rock Engineering Chapter 14: Rockbolts and cables. Lecture notes,
Rocscience Inc., Toronto, (Ontario), 21 p.
Jager, A.J. (1992). Two new support units for the control of rockburst damage. Proceedings of the
2nd International Symposium on Rock Support, eds. P.K. Kaiser and D.R. McCreath, A.A. Balkema
Publishers, Rotterdam (Netherlands), 621-631.
Jennmar of Canada (2011). Yield-Lok Bolt A new generation of yielding rock support. Product data
sheet.
Li. C.C. (2010). A new energy-absorbing bolt for rock support in high stress rock masses. Int. Jour. of
Rock Mech. & Mining Sc., 47 (2010), 396-404.
Li, C. & Charette, F. (2010). Dynamic performance of D-Bolt. Proceedings of the 5th International
Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Santiago, Chile, eds. M. Van Sint Jan and Y. Potvin,
Australian Centre for Geomechanics (ACG), Australia, 321-328.
Li, C.C & Doucet, C. (2011). Performance of D-Bolts under dynamic loading. Rock Mech. Rock Eng.
DOI 10.1007/s00603-011-0202-1.
CanmetMINING
version: 2012-05-29
Mansour Mining (2011). Ground Support Product Information Sheets. Mansour Mining Inc., Ground
Support Division, Sudbury (Ontario), 28 p.
Ortlepp, W.D., Bornman, J.J. & Erasmus, N. (2001). The Durabar A yieldable support tendon:
Design rationale and laboratory results. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on
Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, 17-20 September, Johannesburg (South Africa),
G. Van Aswegen, R.J. Durrheim and W.D. Ortlepp, Editors, The South African Institute of Mining
and Metallurgy, Johannesburg (South Africa), Symposium Series S27, 263-266.
Ortlepp, W.D. & Stacey, T.R. (1998). Testing of tunnel support: Dynamic load testing of rockbolts
elements to provide data for safer support design. Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee
Report GAP 423, 50 p.
Player, J.R. (2004). Field performance of cone bolts at Big Bell mine. Proceedings of the 5th International
Symposium on Ground Support, eds. E. Villaescusa and Y. Potvin, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Leiden
(Netherlands), 289-298.
Plouffe, M., Anderson, T. & Judge, K. (2007a). Dynamic and static testing of tendons Part A: Testing
of modified cone bolts. Division Report CANMET-MMSL 06-033-A (CR), CANMET Mining and
Minerals Sciences Laboratories, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa (Ontario), 35 p.
Plouffe, M., Anderson, T. & Judge, K. (2007b). Dynamic and static testing of tendons Part B:
Development of a testing protocol for friction bolts. Division Report CANMET-MMSL 06-033-B
(CR), CANMET Mining and Minerals Sciences Laboratories, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa
(Ontario), 21 p.
Potvin, Y, Wesseloo, J. & Heal, D. (2010). An interpretation of ground support capacity submitted to
dynamic loading. Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining,
Santiago, Chile, eds. M. Van Sint Jan and Y. Potvin, Australian Centre for Geomechanics (ACG),
Australia, 251-270.
Stillborg, B. (1994). Professional Users Handbook for Rock Bolting. Trans Tech Publications,
Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany), Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics, Volume 18, 164 p.
Thompson, A.G., Player, J.R. & Villaescusa, E. (2004). Simulation and analysis of dynamically loaded
reinforcement systems. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Ground Support, 28-30
September, Perth (Western Australia), E. Villaescusa and Y. Potvin, Editors, A.A. Balkema
Publishers, Leiden (Netherlands), 341-355.
Turner, M.H. & Green, T. (2005). Threadbar bolts in a seismically active, high stress, high yield
environment Otter-Juan Mine, Kambalda. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on
Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, 9-11 March, Perth (Western Australia), Y. Potvin and
M. Hudyma, Editors, The Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Nedlands (Western Australia), 67-73.
Villaescusa, E., Thompson, A., Hassell, R., Player, J., Windsor, C., Shaw, H. & Morton, E. (2007).
Ground Support Research at the Western Australia School of Mines. Ground Control Strategies in
High-Stress Environments Session I, 2007 CIM Annual Conference and Exhibition, 29 April-2
May, Montreal (Quebec), The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM),
Montreal (Quebec), 16 p.
Villaescusa, E. & Wright, J. (1999). Reinforcement of underground excavations using the CT bolt.
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Ground Support, 15-17 March, Kalgoorlie
(Western Australia), E. Villaescusa, C.R. Windsor and A.G. Thompson, Editors, A.A. Balkema,
Rotterdam (Netherlands), 109-115.
Wu, Y.K., Oldsen, J. & Lamothe, M. (2010). The Yield-Lok Bolt for bursting and squeezing ground
support. Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Santiago,
Chile, eds. M. Van Sint Jan and Y. Potvin, Australian Centre for Geomechanics (ACG), Australia,
301-308
CanmetMINING
version: 2012-05-29
DISCLAIMER
Any determination and/or reference made in these technical data sheets with respect to
any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer or otherwise, shall be considered to be opinion. CanmetMINING makes
no representation or warranty respecting the results arising therefrom, either expressly
or implied by law or otherwise, including but not limited to implied warranties or
conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The views and opinions
of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of CanmetMINING
and may not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 1 STANDARD MECHANICAL BOLT.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. Steel rod with threads at one or
both ends, i.e. shell anchor at one end, forged
head with plate, or threads with plate and nut at
the other end. Steel grade C1055 to C1070.
APPLICATION. Used when active support is
needed immediately after excavation. For
intermediate and hard rock conditions, with
good anchoring capacity.
INSTALLATION. Perpendicular to rock surface.
Use hemispherical washers for optimum
performance.
Anchored in solid rock.
Tensioned at a load of about 50% of the yield
(elastic) strength of the bolt (+/- 3.5 tons).
ADVANTAGES. Easy to handle and install.
Relatively low cost.
Provides immediate
support upon installation.
LIMITATIONS. Loosened by vibrations, needs
periodic verification and tightening. Subject to
corrosion if not grouted after installation.
Stillborg 1994, Beauchamp
REFERENCES.
2006, DSI 2009, Hadjigeorgiou and Charette
2009.
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In SituStatic(1)
LaboratoryStatic(2)
LaboratoryDynamic(3)
Steel Grade
C1055 Mod
C1060
C1060
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
448/689
380/630
380/630
Bolt Diameter
(mm)
15.9
14.1
14.1
Hole Diameter
(mm)
33
33
33
Bolt Length
(mm)
1525
1525
1525
Yield Load
(kN)
84 1
82 1
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
128 1
118 1
80 9
Dynamic Average Load

(kN)
N/A
N/A
16
Displacement
(mm)
81 8
102 14
43 6
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
2.8 0.4
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
91
11 3
N/A
7.9 1.5
11 2
1.6 2
(Impact E = 2.2 kJ;
v = 3.1 m/s)
ULTIMATE Plate Work

(kJ)
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 1 STANDARD MECHANICAL BOLT (CONTINUED).

ILLUSTRATION
SMB - Laboratory and In Situ Static Tests

Lab
In Situ
140
120
Load (kN)
100
80
60
40
MASHA / Beauchamp 2006.

20
0
0
20
40
60
80
Plate End Displacement (mm)
100
120
CANMET-MMSL / Anderson et al. 2006. In Situ Static Test on a 1.5 m

long mechanical bolt.
NOTES: N/A Not available.
(2)
(3)
Bolts 1.5 m long. Loads and displacements measured at the plate or hole
collar. Tests stopped after 85 mm of displacement. Movement of the
anchoring shell assumed negligible because of cyclic testing. Tests
carried out at CANMET-MMSL Experimental Mine, Val-dOr (QC),
according to ASTM D4435 standard test method.
Bolts 1.5 m long. Bolts were installed in a 33-mm diameter hole drilled
through high strength concrete poured and cured in 127-mm diameter steel
tubes. Loads and displacements measured at the plate or tube collar. Tests
stopped at failure, after 90-120 mm of displacement. Tests carried out at
CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa (ON).
Bolts 1.5 m long. Single impact, impact energy 2.2 kJ, impact velocity
3.1 m/s. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa
(ON), with the same installation procedure as the laboratory static tests,
using the continuous tube configuration.
CanmetMINING
60
Load (kN)
(1)
SMB - Dynamic Test
80
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
CANMET-MMSL. Laboratory Dynamic Test.
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2A CEMENT GROUTED REBAR.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. Steel bar with rugged surface to
develop solid bonding with cement grout.
With forged head, or threads with face plate
and nut to create a compression zone at the
face.
APPLICATION. Permanent, generally passive
anchor. Can be used as active anchor with
specific 2-step grouting procedure (see
INSTALLATION). Load distributed along the
whole length of the bar when fully grouted.
Used when high pull and shear strengths as
well as minimal displacement are required.
INSTALLATION. A cement plug is created at the
end of the hole to anchor the bolt. The bolt is
inserted. Once the grout has set, the bolt is
tensioned and the rest of the hole is filled with
cement. Threads are used either to tension the
bolt or to create a compression zone at the face.
The grout consists of cement, sand and
admixtures.
ADVANTAGES. Develops high strength. Good
resistance to corrosion.
LIMITATIONS. Performance depends on the
quality of installation. Procedure longer and
more complex than for resin grouted bolts,
especially for upper position. Open fractures
and water can create problems.
REFERENCES. Stillborg 1994, DSI 2009.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In SituStatic
LaboratoryStatic
LaboratoryDynamic
Steel Grade
N/A
N/A
N/A
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
N/A
400/ N/A
400/ N/A
Bolt Diameter
(mm)
N/A
20 (#6)
20 (#6)
Hole Diameter
(mm)
N/A
32-38
32-38
Bolt Length
(mm)
N/A
500 - 3000
500 - 3000
Yield Load
(kN)
N/A
89-120
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
N/A
125-180
N/A

(kN)
N/A
N/A
N/A
Displacement
(mm)
N/A
35 (1)
N/A
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
9-13
N/A
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
N/A
50-60 (1)
N/A
Plate Work
(kJ)
N/A
6 (1)
N/A
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2A CEMENT GROUTED REBAR (CONTINUED).

ILLUSTRATION
Hoek 2007

(1)
Measured across a single joint.
Source: Stillborg 1994, Mansour Mining 2011
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2B RESIN GROUTED REBAR.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. Steel bar with rugged surface to
develop solid bonding with resin. With forged
head, or threads with face plate and nut to
create a compression zone at the face.
APPLICATION. Permanent, often active anchor.
Use of dual-set resin to tension the bolt (see
ILLUSTRATION). Load distributed along the
whole length of the bar when the hole is
completely filled. Used when high pull and
shear strengths as well as minimal
displacement are required.
INSTALLATION. Resin cartridges, e.g. proper
type and quantity, are inserted inside the hole.
The rebar is then inserted into the hole and
rotated at the same time. Threads are used to
either tension the rebar or create a compression
zone at the face.
ADVANTAGES. Develops good, immediate
strength and high stiffness. Good resistance to
corrosion.
LIMITATIONS. Performance depends on the
quality of installation. Longer, more complex
procedure than for mechanical bolts, especially
for upper position.
REFERENCES. Beauchamp 2006, DSI 2009.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In SituStatic(1)
LaboratoryStatic(2)
Steel Grade
ASTM A615 Gr. 60
ASTM A615 Gr. 60
ASTM A615 Gr. 60
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
420/620
420/620
420/620
Bolt Diameter (mm)
19.5
19.5
19.5
Hole Diameter
(mm)
33
33
38
Bolt Length
(mm)
1524
1825
1828
Impact
ABOVE
the bolt
plate
Impact ON
the bolt
plate
Yield Load
(kN)
128 1
132 2
205
135
Maximum Load
(kN)
168 7
169 6
280
160

(kN)
N/A
N/A
280
160
Displacement
(mm)
23 2
28 2
58
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
1.7 0.1
3.1
0.1
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
57
68 7
71
43
ULTIMATE Plate Work

(kJ)
2.8 0.5
4.2 0.3
13.8
4.6
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2B RESIN GROUTED REBAR (CONTINUED).

ILLUSTRATION
Resin Rebar - Laboratory and In Situ Static Tests

Lab
180
In Situ
160
140
Load (kN)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
MASHA / Beauchamp 2006.
10
20
CANMET-MMSL
Resin Rebar - Dynamic Test
(2)
(3)
Threaded bolts 1.5 m long. Loads and displacements measured at the plate
or hole collar. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Experimental Mine,
Val-dOr (QC), according to ASTM D4435 standard test method.
300
Threaded bolts 1.8 m long. Loads and displacements measured at the plate
or tube collar. Tests stopped at failure, after 25 mm of displacement.
Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa (ON).
200
Threaded bolts 1.8 m long. Single impact, impact energy 14.2 kJ, impact
velocity 5 m/s. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test Facility,
Ottawa (ON), using the split-tube and continuous tube configurations.
250
Load (kN)
(1)
30
150
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
CANMET-MMSL. Split-tube Configuration.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 3 RESIN OR CEMENT GROUTED THREADBAR.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. Typically Dywidag #6 bar with
threaded external profile to develop solid
bonding with resin or cement grout. Face plate
and nut used either to tension the bar or to
create a compression zone at the face.
APPLICATION. Permanent, active or passive
anchor. Load distributed along the whole
length of the bar when fully grouted. Used
when high pull and shear strength and minimal
displacement are required.
INSTALLATION. The bar is anchored and
tensioned, and the hole is grouted afterwards
(optional). The plate and nut are tightened
once the bar is properly anchored. Grout
consists of resin, or cement with sand and
admixtures. Injection can be done in one or
two steps, to allow the tensioning of the bar
(e.g. for active support conditions).
ADVANTAGES. Develops high pull and shear
strength. Bolt length can be extended with
couplings. Good resistance to corrosion.
LIMITATIONS. The performance depends on
the quality of installation, e.g. resin or grout
cement. Installation slightly longer and more
complex than for mechanical bolts, especially
for upper position. Open fractures and water
can create problems.
REFERENCE: DSI 2009.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In SituStatic
LaboratoryStatic(1)
Steel Grade
N/A
ASTM A615 Gr. 75
ASTM A615 Gr. 75
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
N/A
520/690
520/690
Bolt Diameter
(mm)
N/A
19
19
Hole Diameter
(mm)
N/A
32
32
Bolt Length
(mm)
N/A
50-3000
50-3000
Yield Load
(kN)
N/A
146
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
N/A
195
N/A
Displacement
(mm)
N/A
> 65
75
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
N/A
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
N/A
31
N/A
Plate Work
(kJ)
N/A
11
17.2
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 3 RESIN OR CEMENT GROUTED THREADBAR (CONTINUED).
ILLUSTRATION
DSI 2009

(1)
Bolts 2.2 m long, with 0.5 m of encapsulated length. Loads and

displacements measured at the plate or hole collar. Test stopped after 65
mm of displacement. Turner and Green 2005 and DSI 2009.
(2)
Tests conducted at the WASM facility using the load transfer concept and
split-tube configuration. Villaescusa et al. 2007.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 4 DURASET CONE BOLT (SA).

BACKGROUND
TECHNICAL DATA
DESCRIPTION. Forged conical head at one end

to anchor the bolt, and either threads, plate and
nut to create a compression zone at the face, or
eye collar end to facilitate cable lacing of
excavation face. The bolt is coated with wax
on its entire length to enhance debonding.
Injected with grout. Behaves like a grouted
mechanical bolt under static conditions, and
ploughs through the grout under dynamic
conditions.
APPLICATION. For effective support in areas
prone to seismic events or rapid stress changes.
INSTALLATION. The bolt is inserted in the hole
and injected with grout cement, e.g. cement
strength ranging from 25 to 60 MPa. Threaded
end bolts with face plate and nut are tightened
at the collar.
ADVANTAGES.
areas prone to
changes.
displacements
capacity.
Provides effective support in

seismic events or rapid stress
Can
accommodate
large
while keeping its support
LIMITATIONS. Installation more complex and

longer than for standard mechanical or resin
bolts.
REFERENCES.
Duraset 2005.
CanmetMINING
Jager 1992, Player 2004,
LaboratoryStatic
LaboratoryDynamic
Steel Grade
N/A
N/A
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
N/A
N/A
Property
In SituStatic
Bolt Diameter
(mm)
16
22
16
22
Hole Diameter
(mm)
32
42
32
42
Bolt Length
(mm)
1500-3000
1500-3000
Yield Load
(kN)
100
200
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
110
250
120, 250
Displacement
(mm)
> 500 (1,2,3)
> 500 (1,2,3)
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
N/A
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
5.5 (1)
N/A
Plate Work
(kJ)
40 (1,2,3)
100 (1,2,3)
40 (1,2,3)
100 (1,2,3)
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 4 DURASET CONE BOLT (SA).

ILLUSTRATION
2005 Duraset.

(1)
Bolt length not specified. Loads and displacements measured at the plate
or hole collar. Tests carried out in South Africa.
(2)
Tests stopped after 500 mm of displacement.
(3)
Tested in several steps.
Source: Jager 1992, Player 2004, Duraset 2005, Villaescusa et al. 2007.
2005 Duraset. Mixed static and dynamic tests on 16 and 22 mm diameter
SA cone bolts
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 5A MODIFIED CONE BOLT MCB33 (NTC-MANSOUR).
BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. Smooth bar with threads at
collar or plate end, and forged cone and mixing
blade at top anchor end. Resin is used for
infilling the hole and anchoring the bolt. The
bolt is sometimes coated with grease to
facilitate debonding and cone ploughing
through the resin.
APPLICATION. For mine openings subject to
seismicity and rock bursting.
Resin cartridges are first
INSTALLATION.
inserted. The bolt is then pushed slowly inside
the hole while maintaining a full speed rotation
to ensure a complete mixing of the resin. The
face plate and nut are tightened once the resin
has set.
ADVANTAGES. For both active and passive
loading conditions. Behaviour similar to the
standard mechanical bolt behaviour under
static loading conditions. The bolt will yield
and plough through the resin under dynamic
loading, thus absorbing the released energy.
LIMITATIONS. Proper resin mixing is critical.
REFERENCE. Mansour Mining 2011.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In SituStatic(1)
LaboratoryStatic(2)
Steel Grade
C1055 Mod
C1055 Mod
C1055 Mod
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
448/689
448/689
448/689
Bolt/Cone Diameters
(mm)
17.2/22.5
17.2/23.1
17.2/23.1
Hole Diameter
(mm)
33.5
34.4
34.7
Bolt Length
(mm)
2230
2235
1625
Yield Load
(kN)
112 3
114 3
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
168 4
173 3
200 59

(kN)
N/A
N/A
134 16
Displacement
(mm)
150 (nominal)
242 37
160 72
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
91
1.8 1.3
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
19 3
20 2
17 6
Plate Work
(kJ)
20 1
36 5
16 1
(Impact E = 16 kJ;
v = 5.4 m/s)
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 5A MODIFIED CONE BOLT MCB33 (NTC-MANSOUR) (CONTINUED).
ILLUSTRATION
MCB33 - Laboratory and In Situ Static Tests

Lab
In Situ
200
180
160
Load (kN)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Mansour Mining 2011
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
CANMET-MMSL / Anderson et al. 2006. In Situ Static Tests on 2.23 m

long MCB33 and Lab Static Tests of MCB33 Bolts.
(2)
(3)
MCB33 - Dynamic Test
collar. Tests stopped after 150 mm of displacement. Movement of the
cone unknown because not accessible from the collar. Tests carried out at
CANMET-MMSL Experimental Mine, Val-dOr (QC), according to
ASTM D4435 standard test method.
Bolts 2.23 m long coated with grease. Loads and displacements measured
at the plate or hole collar. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Bells
Corners Complex (Ottawa).
300
250
200
Load (kN)
(1)
150
100
Bolts 1.63 m long coated with grease. Single impact, impact energy 16 kJ
and impact velocity 5.4 m/s. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Bells
Corners Complex (Ottawa) using the continuous tube configuration.
50
0
0
50
100
150
CANMET-MMSL.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 5B FULLY DEBONDED MCB33 CONE BOLT (MANSOUR).
BACKGROUND
blade at top anchor end. Resin is used for
infilling the hole and anchoring the bolt. The
bolt is coated with a shrink wrap to facilitate
debonding and cone ploughing through the
resin.
INSTALLATION.
has set.
static loading conditions. More effective than
grease used in the original cone bolt design.
The bolt will yield and plough through the
resin under dynamic loading, thus absorbing
the released energy.
REFERENCE. Mansour Mining 2011, Cai et al.
2010.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In SituStatic
LaboratoryStatic(1)
Steel Grade
C1055 Mod
C1055 Mod
C1055 Mod
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
448/689
448/689
448/689
Bolt/Cone Diameters
(mm)
17.2/22.7
17.2/22.7
Hole Diameter
(mm)
34.4
34.6
Bolt Length
(mm)
2282
2282
Yield Load
(kN)
130 3
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
190 2
199 7
N/A
55 11
Displacement
(mm)
141 5
695 68
Steel Elongation
(%)
51
0.94 0.87
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
19 1
17 2
Plate Work
(kJ)
21 1
43 3
(Impact E = 30 kJ;
v = 5.4 m/s)

(kN)
N/A
LaboratoryDynamic
(2)
Version : 2012-05-29
Comment [B.1]: Ajuster lanne avec la

rfrence
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 5B FULLY DEBONDED MCB33 CONE BOLT (MANSOUR) (CONTINUED).
ILLUSTRATION
MCB33FD - Laboratory Static Test

200
180
160
Load (kN)
140
120
100
80
60
40
Cai et al. 2010
20
0
0
50
100
150
CANMET-MMSL.
NOTES: N/A Not available, N/S Not specified.
(2)
Bolts 2.28 m long with shrink wrap. Loads and displacements measured
at the plate or hole collar. Tests stopped at failure. Tests carried out at
CANMET-MMSL Bells Corners Complex (Ottawa).
Bolts 2.28 m long with shrink wrap. Single impact, impact energy 30 kJ
and impact velocity 5.4 m/s. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Bells
Corners Complex (Ottawa), using the split-tube configuration.
MCB33FD - Dynamic Test

225
200
175
150
Load (kN)
(1)
125
100
75
50
25
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CANMET-MMSL.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 5C MODIFIED CONE BOLT MCB38 (NTC-MANSOUR).
BACKGROUND
blade at top anchor end. Resin cartridges are
used for anchoring the bolt. The bolt is coated
with grease to enhance debonding and facilitate
cone ploughing through the resin during
seismic and rapid stress changes.
INSTALLATION.
has set.
static loading conditions. The bolt will yield
and plough through the resin under dynamic
loading, thus absorbing the released energy.
REFERENCE. Mansour Mining 2011.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In SituStatic(1)
LaboratoryStatic(2)
Steel Grade
C1055 Mod
C1055 Mod
C1055 Mod
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
448/689
448/689
448/689
Bolt/Cone Diameters
(mm)
17.1/26.2
17.1/26.2
17.3/26.5
Hole Diameter
(mm)
38.5
37.8
37.8
Bolt Length
(mm)
2230
2246
2246
Yield Load
(kN)
108 2
123 3
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
165 10
189 4
265 5

(kN)
N/A
N/A
155 46
Displacement
(mm)
130 (nominal)
140 6
89 25
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
5.2 0.4
1.1 0.4
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
21.3 0.3
25 3
N/A
Plate Work
(kJ)
18 3
22 1
14 1
(Impact E = 16 kJ;
v = 5.4 m/s
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 5C MODIFIED CONE BOLT MCB38 (NTC-MANSOUR) (CONTINUED)
ILLUSTRATION
MCB38 - Laboratory and In Situ Static Tests

Lab
In Situ
200
180
160
Load (kN)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Mansour Mining 2011.
0
0
50
100
150
CANMET-MMSL / Anderson et al. 2006. In Situ Static Tests on MCB38

cone bolt.
(2)
(3)
Bolts 2.23 m long. Loads and displacements measured at the plate or

hole collar. Tests stopped after 130 mm of displacement. Tests carried
out at CANMET-MMSL Experimental Mine, Val-dOr (QC), according
to ASTM D4435 standard procedure.
Bolts 2.25 m long. Loads and displacements measured at the plate or
hole collar. Tests stopped after 150 mm of displacement. Tests carried
out at CANMET-MMSL Bells Corners Complex (Ottawa).
Bolts 2.25 m long. Single impact, input energy 16 kJ and impact velocity
5.4 m/s. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Bells Corners Complex
(Ottawa) using the continuous tube configuration.
MCB38 - Dynamic Test

200
Plate Load (kN)
(1)
150
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
CANMET-MMSL / Plouffe et al. 2007.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 6 DURABAR YIELDABLE BOLT (SA).

BACKGROUND
TECHNICAL DATA
DESCRIPTION. The rod is bent to form a wave

and act as a ductile anchor. The collar end is
terminated with either an eye to facilitate cable
lacing or with a threaded section for nut and
washer. The bar is coated with wax on its
entire length except at the collar end to
enhance debonding. The hole is injected with
cement grout.
APPLICATION. Provides effective support in
areas with high closure rates, prone to seismic
events and rapid stress changes.
INSTALLATION. The bolt is inserted into the
hole and injected on its entire length with
cement grout. Suggested cement strength
ranges from 25 to 60 MPa.
ADVANTAGES. The bolt yielding capacity
provides effective support in areas with high
closure rates or prone to seismic events. Can
accommodate large displacements without
loosing its efficiency.
LIMITATIONS. Installation more complex and
longer than for mechanical and resin bolts.
Passive, untensioned anchor.
REFERENCES.
2005.
CanmetMINING
Ortlepp et al. 2001, Duraset
LaboratoryStatic
LaboratoryDynamic
Steel Grade
N/A
N/A
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
450
450
Bolt Diameter
(mm)
16
16
Hole Diameter
(mm)
32-38
32-38
Bolt Length
(mm)
2200
2200
Yield Load
(kN)
100
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
120
120

(kN)
N/A
60
Displacement
(mm)
> 500 (1,2)
> 500 (1,2)
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
4.5 (1)
N/A
Plate Work
(kJ)
48 (1,2)
45 (1,2)
Property
In SituStatic
Steel Elongation
(%)
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 6 DURABAR YIELDABLE BOLT (SA).

ILLUSTRATION
Duraset
Duraset. Static tests on 2.2 m long Durabar yielding bolt.

(1)
collar. Tests carried out in South Africa.
(2)
Calculations made for 600 mm of displacement.
Source: Ortlepp et al. 2001, Duraset 2005.
Duraset. Dynamic tests on 2.2 m long Durabar yielding bolt.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 7A ROOFEX RX8 DYNAMIC.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. Steel bar sliding through an
energy absorber for a pre-specified length
(sliding length). Bolt is designed to initiate
sliding at constant load.
APPLICATION. Used when yielding support is
needed in high stress and/or high convergence
environments.
The bolt is then inserted into the hole and
rotated at the same time. Threads are used
either to tension the bolt or to create a
compression zone at the face.
ADVANTAGES. Performance is independent of
resin mix quality as long as energy absorber
remains fixed in the hole.
LIMITATIONS. Relatively high cost.
REFERENCES. Atlas Copco 2010, Doucet and
Gradnik 2010.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In Situ Static
LaboratoryStatic(1)
Steel Grade
CK 45
CK 45
CK 45
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
600/N/A
600/N/A
600/N/A
Bolt Diameters
(mm)
N/A
12.5 (bar)
30 (energy absorber)
12.5 (bar)
Hole Diameter
(mm)
N/A
38
38
Bolt Length
(mm)
N/A
2100
2100
Yield Load
(kN)
N/A
82 2
82 5
Average (Sliding) Load

(kN)
N/A
77 1
58 4
Displacement
(mm)
N/A
Sliding length + 18 %
elongation
Sliding length + 18 %
elongation
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
18 2
18
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
N/A
91
81
Energy Absorption
(kJ)
N/A
N/A
0.03(sliding length) +
7.05
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 7A ROOFEX RX8 DYNAMIC (CONTINUED).

ILLUSTRATION
Roofex Rx8D - Static Test

100
Mixing/stop Steel sleeve

element
Energy absorber
Steel sleeve
Nut
Plate
Inner steel bar
Load (kN)
80
60
40
20
Adapted from Atlas Copco 2010.
0
0
25
50
75
100 125 150 175 200

Plate Displacement (mm)
225
250
275
CANMET-MMSL / Doucet and Gradnik 2010.

Rx8D - Dynamic Tests
(2)
Bolts 2.1 m long. Loads and displacements measured at the plate or tube
collar. Tests stopped after 250 mm of displacement. Tests carried out at
CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa (ON), according to ASTM
D4435 standard test method.
Bolts 2.1 m long with 800 mm sliding length. Loads and displacements
measured at both bolt ends. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test
Facility, Ottawa (ON), using the continuous tube configuration.
R2 = 0.95
40
Impact Energy (kJ)
(1)
y = 0.03x + 7.05
30
20
10
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 7B ROOFEX RX20 DYNAMIC.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. Steel bar sliding through an
energy absorber for a pre-specified length
(sliding length). Bolt is designed to dissipate
and control high amounts of energy liberated
from the rock mass. Bolt behaves like a stiff
support element until the designed sliding load
is reached.
APPLICATION. Used when yielding support is
needed in high stress and/or high convergence
environments.
The bolt is then inserted into the hole and
rotated at the same time. Threads are used
either to tension the bolt or to create a
compression zone at the face.
ADVANTAGES. Performance is independent of
resin mix quality as long as energy absorber
remains fixed in the hole.
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In Situ Static (1)
LaboratoryStatic(2)
Steel Grade
C60E
C60E
C60E
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
520/800
520/800
520/800
Bolt Diameters
(mm)
20 (rod)
20 (rod)
20 (rod)
Hole Diameter
(mm)
54
54
54
Bolt Length
(mm)
3000
2100
2100
Yield Load
(kN)
130
201 4
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
N/A
278 1
124 12
Average (sliding) Load

(kN)
200
221 6
99 7
295 3
783 45 mm for 800

mm sliding length and
impact E = 51 kJ
(Dependent on the sliding
LIMITATIONS. Relatively high cost.

REFERENCES. Atlas Copco 2010, Doucet and
Gradnik 2010.
Displacement
(mm)
Sliding length
(for 300 mm sliding length)
length)
CanmetMINING
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
92
42
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
6.5
71
N/A
Energy Absorption
(kJ)
N/A
N/A
0.054(sliding length) +
7.6 kJ
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 7B ROOFEX RX20 DYNAMIC (CONTINUED).

ILLUSTRATION
Roofex Rx20S - Static Test

300
250
Gradnik and Doucet 2010.
Load (kN)
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
CANMET-MMSL / Doucet and Gradnik 2010. Laboratory testing on 2.1

m long bolt with a sliding length of 300 mm.
Rx20D - Dynamic Tests

(1)
Bolts 3 m long with 500 mm sliding length. Tests conducted by Atlas

Copco GDE at the RHI Magnesite Mine in Breiteneau, Austria.
(2)
Bolts 2.1 m long with 300 mm sliding length and inner steel tube welded
on energy absorber. Loads and displacements measured at the plate or
tube collar. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa
(ON).
R = 0.95
60
50
Bolts 2.1 m long with 800 mm sliding length. Loads and displacements
measured at both bolt ends. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test
Facility, Ottawa (ON), using the continuous tube configuration.
Impact Energy (kJ)
(3)
y = 0.054x + 7.60
40
30
20
Rx20D-800 mm
Rx20D-1000 mm
Rx20D-1000 mm failed
10
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 11 D-BOLT.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. A smooth steel bar with a
number of anchors along its length. The
anchors are firmly held in cement grout or
resin, while the smooth sections of the bolt
between the anchors may deform in response
to rock dilation.
APPLICATION. For areas where support with
large load-bearing and deformation capacities
are required.
Resin cartridges of the
INSTALLATION.
appropriate sizes are inserted into the hole.
The bolt is then spun into the hole and the
anchor paddles mix the resin.
Large load-bearing and
ADVANTAGES.
deformation capabilities.
Every smooth
section of the bolt works independently; the
failure of one section has only a local effect on
the bolts reinforcement capability.
LIMITATIONS. Resin mixing is critical to
ensure that the anchors do not move.
REFERENCES. Li 2010, Li and Charette 2010.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In Situ Static(1)
LaboratoryStatic(2)
Steel Grade
B500C
B500C
B500C
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
450/610
450/610
450/610
Bolt Diameter
(mm)
22
20
22
20
22
Hole Diameter
(mm)
33.4
32
34
32
34
Bolt Length
(mm)
2200
Yield Load
(kN)
176 (thread)
164 5
206 6
N/A
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
221 (thread)
228 10
269 9
N/A
N/A

(kN)
N/A
N/A
N/A
256 13
279 3
Displacement
(mm)
140 11
154 11
187
225
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
91
10 1
13 0.7
15 0.7
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
N/A
20 4
38 14
N/A
N/A
Energy Absorption
(kJ/m of smooth
section)
N/A
21 2
22 3
29 1
(Impact E
= 43 kJ)
37 2
(Impact E
= 56 kJ)
2100
(1500 smooth section)
2100
(1500 smooth section)
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 11 D-BOLT (CONTINUED).

ILLUSTRATION
D-Bolt - Laboratory Static Tests

20 mm dia
300
22 mm dia
250
Li 2010
Load (kN)
200
150
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
CANMET-MMSL.
(2)
(3)
D-Bolt - Dynamic Tests
Tests conducted by Mansour Mining in norite rock mass. The bolt thread
was pulled to examine the anchorage capacity of the anchors.
Bolts 2.1 m long. Loads and displacements measured at the plate or tube
collar. Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa
(ON), using a split-tube configuration to examine the elongation of the
smooth section.
Bolts 2.1 m long. Loads and displacements measured at both bolt ends.
Tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa (ON), using
the split-tube configuration.
300
Displ per drop, 22mm x 1.5m
Displ at failure, 22mm x 1.5m
Displ at failure, 20mm x 1.5m
250
Displacement (mm)
(1)
200
150
100
Max IE = 43 kJ
for 20 mm bolt
50
Max IE = 56 kJ
for 22 mm bolt
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Impact energy, IE (kJ)
60
70
Li and Doucet 2011.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 12 YIELD-LOK.

BACKGROUND
DESCRIPTION. The bolt is made of a 20 mm
steel bar upset at one end to specified
dimensions to achieve designed performance
under static and dynamic loading. The upset
and part of the bar are encapsulated in
polymer. The end profile is stamped to aid
insertion of bolt and resin mixing. The bar is
threaded at the other end for tensioning with
nut.
APPLICATION. Suitable for burst-prone and/or
high convergence areas.
INSTALLATION. The bolt is fully encapsulated
in resin or grout. Resin mixing is facilitated by
deformations on the head of the bolt.
ADVANTAGES. Provides immediate support.
Can be configured to yield either in dynamic
(YL-Dynamic) or static (YL-Static) conditions.
LIMITATIONS. Displacement capacity depends
on the length of polymer coating (typically 750
mm).
REFERENCES. Jennmar of Canada 2011, Wu et
al. 2010.
CanmetMINING
TECHNICAL DATA
Property
In Situ - Static (1)
Laboratory - Static (2)
Laboratory - Dynamic (3)
Steel Grade
ASTM A615 Gr. 75
ASTM A615 Gr. 75
ASTM A615 Gr. 75
Steel Yield/Tensile
Strengths (N/mm2)
520/690
520/690
520/690
Bolt Diameter
(mm)
20 (steel bar)
25.4 (polymer coating)
20 (steel bar)
17.2 (steel bar)

Hole Diameter
(mm)
32 - 38
32 - 38
34.5
Bolt Length
(mm)
N/A
N/A
1700 3000
(coating 750 mm)
Yield Load
(kN)
150
N/A
N/A
Maximum Load
(kN)
200
N/A
118 8

(kN)
N/A
N/A
95 7
Displacement
(mm)
Up to the length of
polymer coating
N/A
201 20
(Impact E = 16.4 kJ)
Steel Elongation
(%)
N/A
N/A
43
Stiffness
(kN/mm)
N/A
N/A
92
Energy Absorption (kJ)
N/A
N/A
43
(Displ = coating length,
750 mm)
Version : 2012-05-29
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 12 YIELD-LOK (CONTINUED).

ILLUSTRATION
Wu et al. 2010.
Jennmar of Canada 2011. YL-D: Yield Lok Dynamic; YL-S: Yield Lok
Static

(2)
(3)
Jennmar Yield-Lok - Dynamic Test
Tests conducted by Jennmar of Canada and Wu et al. 2010.
225
No laboratory tests were conducted.
200
Bolts 1.7 m long with 750 mm long polymer coating. Loads and
displacements measured at both bolt ends. Tests carried out at
CANMET-MMSL Test Facility, Ottawa (ON), using the continuous
tube configuration.
175
Polymer Coating 750 mm

Impact Energy
16.4 kJ
43.0 kJ
150
Load (kN)
(1)
125
100
75
50
25
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
CANMET-MMSL.
CanmetMINING
Version : 2012-05-29

CANMET Technical Data Sheets Revised September 2012

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TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEETS

CHANTALE DOUCET AND BENOIT VOYZELLE

TESTING OF GROUND SUPPORT

TEST TYPE AND

TEST TYPE AND

(Standard impact drop

CANMET-MMSL / K. Judge. After

Balkema / Thompson et al. 2004.

Figure 1. Concepts of static and dynamic testing.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

(After Gaudreau et al. 2004)

Steel Yield and Tensile Strengths (N/mm2). The yield

SUMMARY OF DYNAMIC TESTING AT CANMET-MMSL

Table 2. Summary of dynamic tests carried out at CANMET-MMSL.

Modified Cone Bolt

Fully Debonded Cone Bolt

Modified Cone Bolt

Roofex Rx8 Dynamic

Roofex Rx20 Dynamic

D-Bolt (20 mm)

D-Bolt (22 mm)

Yielding Support Plowing, Sliding

( 14.1 mm, Shell F 32 mm)

yielding support - plowing, sliding

yielding support - stretching

Impact Energy (kJ)

Plate Displacement (m)

Figure 2. Compilation of dynamic testing results after one impact.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 1 STANDARD MECHANICAL BOLT.

Dynamic Average Load

ULTIMATE Plate Work

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 1 STANDARD MECHANICAL BOLT (CONTINUED).

SMB - Laboratory and In Situ Static Tests

MASHA / Beauchamp 2006.

CANMET-MMSL / Anderson et al. 2006. In Situ Static Test on a 1.5 m

NOTES: N/A Not available.

SMB - Dynamic Test

CANMET-MMSL. Laboratory Dynamic Test.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2A CEMENT GROUTED REBAR.

Dynamic Average Load

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2A CEMENT GROUTED REBAR (CONTINUED).

NOTES: N/A Not available.

Measured across a single joint.

Source: Stillborg 1994, Mansour Mining 2011

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2B RESIN GROUTED REBAR.

ASTM A615 Gr. 60

ASTM A615 Gr. 60

ASTM A615 Gr. 60

Bolt Diameter (mm)

Dynamic Average Load

ULTIMATE Plate Work

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 2B RESIN GROUTED REBAR (CONTINUED).

Resin Rebar - Laboratory and In Situ Static Tests

MASHA / Beauchamp 2006.

NOTES: N/A Not available.

CANMET-MMSL. Split-tube Configuration.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 3 RESIN OR CEMENT GROUTED THREADBAR.

ASTM A615 Gr. 75

ASTM A615 Gr. 75

NOTES: N/A Not available.

Bolts 2.2 m long, with 0.5 m of encapsulated length. Loads and

TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET NO. 4 DURASET CONE BOLT (SA).

DESCRIPTION. Forged conical head at one end

Provides effective support in