CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Insights into the ecology so we need to study, particularly regarding animal ecology. New
information, data, and other very necessary to review or at least we use as reference
materials or knowledge discourse. Particularly in view of controlling the population
ecology discourse is based on population parameters namely; birthrate, emigration,
mortality, and immigration. To be determined by calculating the number of population
counts of individuals in the population. This means many are having difficulties because
the animals are always moving the sample migrate from one place to another, causing a
very wide area of study, and the presence of wild animals are dangerous as well as other
constraints that may be on the field assessment can not optimum and maximum.
Constraints that occur above will cause an effect on the data in the field where the data
could be obtained yangt inaccurate. Usually used in the management of data capture
methods, and then re-tagging (CMRR) for animals captured in the field. CMRR method
can be made to replace artificial simulation or an animal population in question.
Calculation of population estimates were used besranya Scumacher-Eschemeyer formula,
with this sampling technique, data is expected to obtain more accurate data, where the
latter obtained the level of population which approximates the actual amount. Application
of the method we can estimate the CMRR here counting grasshoppers and insect
populations are also estimated by the formula membaningkan-Eschemeyer Schumacher,
and the formula and the formula Schenebel Peterson.
Learn more about the estimated size of animal populations can we do through the studies
in the field, in this case is through this practice, using the parable / permisalan, which we
refer to is practical using lentils.
B. Goal
Praktiku aims to apply the method CMRR (Capture Mark Release Recapture), to estimate
population counts lentils and comparing the results estimated by the formula-Eschemeyer
Scumacher, Peterson and Schenebel.
C. Benefit
Expected benefits after doing this lab is that we can estimate a population count of lentils
that observed with the application of methods of CMRR, and a comparison of formula-
Eschemeyer Scumacher, Peterson and Schenebel.

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

The population is interpreted as a creature of the same set of groups of species or other
group of individuals capable of exchanging genetic information, which inhabit a special
space that has many characteristics that despite best described statistically, uniquely as
belonging to a group and not karaktaristik individuals in that group. Taksonomiran use
the term for a collection of individual population pairs differ slightly from other local
collections in the same species. A population can be interpreted as a creature of the same
group of species that inhabit a particular space at a particular time. The population can be
divided into deme or local population. Groups that can cross-breed, the smallest
collective stuan animal populations. Which make up a distinct population from species to
species and from the study to other studies (soetjipta, 1994).
Mengnai ecological studies of animal populations is necessary to find out further
information on these populations. Especially to know the environmental resources on the
population. Ekeologi pengenadalian naturally in the population based on population
parameters of birthrate, mortality, emigration and immigration. Essentially determined by
calculating the number of population counts inividu in the population. In this way many
of them have difficulty moving animals (Lahay, 2006)
Broadly speaking, immigration and the birthrate will increase the total population,
whereas mortality and emigasi will reduce the number of population. Animal and plant
populations can be changed. But change is not always flashy. Population growth or
decline can be striking when there is a drastic disturbance of the environment, such as the
presence of disease, natural disasters and outbreaks of pests (Anonymous, 2008). The
method used is where the population yng CMRR arrested and released and the part of
individuals who have been characterized were used to determine population contained
between the first and the last trap. This method is a reliable method if the change does not
apply either low or density apabial experiencing rapid change (Odum, 1998).
A population is a more abstract antitas compared with an organism or a population of
cells but has a set of characteristics that applies only to the level of biological organisms.
We can envision a population as individuals consisting of a single species that together
occupy an area of the same. At certain times of each population have geographic
boundaries and also the size of population or number of individuals who dickupnya. And
the limits of a population is a natural boundary and also the characteristics of each
population is broken density and distribution (Campbell, 2004).
Peterson method is the simplest type of population estimates in this case there are two
sampling periods ie the period of a catch, mark and release. Period 2 catch, carefully
marked, time intervals between two sampling should be short, because this method
considers there is no rejuvenation of new animals into the population between periods 1
and 2. while the Schumacher-aschemeyer method is a procedure by which a proportion
Signed diinflikasikan which immediately known (Soetjipta, 1994).
Research methods of animal population indirectly incurred by the kesulitn difficulties.
CMRR is the method, catching and tagging the animal back (Lahay, 2006).
Peculiarities in the physical environment often stop population growth. Drought, freezing
temperatures, flooding, forest fires and avalanches. Fakat-fact usually only stop the
population more lnjut but caused mortality so extensive that pushed the population is far
below previous levels (Kimball, 1999)

CHAPTER III
METHOD practicum

A. Time and Place

Day / date: Monday, May 5, 2008
Time: At 1:00 p.m. to 15:00 pm
Venue: UNM Science Faculty of Biology Laboratory. Makassar
B. Equipment and Materials
1. Tools: Toples
2. Ingredients: Peanut koro
C. Work procedures:
1. Taking a handful of lentils and white, numbered, and then take the lentils with an open
hand method, and put into jars. Number of lentils should be drawn in accordance with
predetermined capture range.
2. Shaking the jar so that homogeneous mixed with lentils.
3. Taking a second sample in the same way, and then recorded as R in the table. While
the number of black lentils are drawn both recorded as m in the table.
4. Repeating the above decision as much as ten times. Then with the same procedures
done by using a closed hand.
5. Repeating the above activities using black lentils with open arms methods and methods
of the closed hand.
6. Calculate estimates of white lentils and black lentils each with open arms and closed
methods with Scumacher-Eschmeyer formula, Peterson, Scenebel.

Description:
C = black bean drawn koro
M = number of all black lentils that have been checked
m = Peanut koro checked the new black
R = bean black koro kemabali drawn checked

Data Analysis
1. White Velvet bean (Open Hand Method)
a. Schumacher Formula-Eschemeyer
N = Σ CM2 = ... ... (a)
MR Σ
= 416 572 = 81.94
5083
Variance = 1 ((ΣR2 / C) - (ΣMR / a)) = ... ... (b)
S-1
= 1 ((62.98) - (5083/81, 94))
11-1
= 0.1 (62.98 to 62.03)
= 0.095
Standard error = √ a3 × b = √ (81.94) 3 × 0.096 = √ 10.282 = 3.206
√ √ ΣMR 5083
b. Peterson formula
N = Σ (CM / R)
S-1
= 821.5
11-1
82.15 =
c. Scenebel formula
N = Σ (ΣCM / ΣR) × 1
S-1
= 769.98 × 1
11-1
= 769.98 × 0.1
= 76.998

2. White Velvet bean (Closed Hand Method)

a. Schumacher Formula-Eschemeyer
N = Σ CM2 = ... ... (a)
MR Σ
= 40 473 = 77.238
524
Variance = 1 ((ΣR2 / C) - (ΣMR / a)) = ... ... (b)
S-1
= 1 ((7.98) - (524/77, 238))
11-1
= 0.1 (7.98 to 6.78)
= 0.12
Standard error = √ a3 × b = √ (77.238) 3 × 0.12 = √ 105.52 = 10.272
524 √ √ ΣMR
b. Peterson formula
N = Σ (CM / R)
S-1
= 652.5
11-1
= 65.25
c. Scenebel formula
N = Σ (ΣCM / ΣR) × 1
S-1
= 958.47 × 1
11-1
= 958.47 × 0.1
= 95.847

1. Black Velvet bean (Open Hand Method)

a. Schumacher Formula-Eschemeyer
N = Σ CM2 = ... ... (a)
MR Σ
= 735 802 = 93.87
7838
Variance = a ((ΣR2 / C) - (ΣMR / a)) = ... ... (b)
S-1
= 1 ((83.95) - (7838/93, 87))
11-1
= 0.1 (83.95 to 83.498)
= 0.452
Standard error = √ a3 × b = √ (93.87) 3 × 0.452 = √ 47.69 = 6.906
√ √ ΣMR 7838
b. Peterson formula
N = Σ (CM / R)
S-1
= 935.72
11-1
= 93.572
c. Scenebel formula
N = Σ (ΣCM / ΣR) × 1
S-1
= 959.65 × 1
11-1
= 959.65 × 0.1
= 95.965
2. Black Velvet bean (Closed Hand Method)
a. Schumacher, Formula Eschemeyer
N = Σ CM2 = ... ... (a)
MR Σ
= 37 126 = 84.18
441
Variance = 1 ((ΣR2 / C) - (ΣMR / a)) = ... ... (b)
S - 1st
= 1 ((6.61) - (441/84, 18))
11-1
= 0.1 (6.61 to 5.24)
= 0.137
Standard error = √ a3 × b = √ (84.18) 3 × 0.137 = √ 185.31 = 13.61
441 √ √ ΣMR
b. Peterson formula
N = Σ (CM / R)
S-1
= 781
11-1
= 78.1
c. Scenebel formula
N = Σ (ΣCM / ΣR) × 1
S-1
= 913.57 × 1
11-1
= 913.57 × 0.1
= 91.357

B. Discussion
Through observations obtained, the total population of each treatment given results are
the same and there is also this difference due to sampling lentils that observation did not
budge. In this observation method is also used also CMRR (Capture, Mark, release, and
recepture) which means capturing, marking, releasing and recapturing. These methods
are more effective and also more efficient to determine the total count of the population
of lentils in the jar. CMRR methods or artificial stimulation can be created to replace the
population in question.
In calculating the estimated population of white lentils with an open hand method that
uses a formula that is Scumacher-Eschmeyer with an accurate sampling technique will
get the level of population which approximates the actual amount. Through the use of
these formulas, it is obtained the value N = 81.94 for white koro kacangn tanngan using
open, while the value of variance is 0.095 and the standard error of 3.206. Where do the
calculation using the formula Peterson obtained a value of N = 82.15 and when to use the
formula Schenebel obtained value of N = 76.998.
The calculation of the estimated population of white lentils with a closed hand method
that uses a formula that is Scumacher-Eschmeyer with an accurate sampling technique
will get the level of population is approaching the actual amount. Through the use of this
formula, the obtained value of N = 77.238, while the value of variance is 0.12 and the
standard error of 10.272. Where do the calculation using the formula Peterson obtained a
value of N = 65.25 and when to use the formula Schenebel obtained value of N = 95.847
In calculating the estimated population of black lentils with an open hand method that
uses a formula that is Scumacher-Eschmeyer with an accurate sampling technique will
get the level of population which approximates the actual amount. Through the use of
these formulas, it is obtained the value N = 93.87, while the value of variance is 0.452
and the standard error of 6.906. Where do the calculation using the formula Peterson
obtained a value of N = 93.572 and when to use the formula Schenebel obtained value of
N = 95.965
In calculating the estimated population of black lentils with a method that uses the closed
hands of Scumacher-Eschmeyer formula with an accurate sampling technique to get the
level of population which approximates the actual amount. Through the use of these
formulas, it is obtained the value N = 84.18, while the value of variance is 0.137 and
standard error values yaitu13, 61. Where do the calculation using the formula Peterson
obtained a value of N = 78.1 and when to use the formula Schenebel obtained value of N
= 91.357.
In the analysis of data obtained value of N different because the formula used is also
different. At the time of data collection, species (bean kopro) that have been checked very
few in number when compared with the actual amount.
Peterson method is the simplest type of population estimates in this case there are two
sampling periods ie the period of a catch, mark and release. Period 2 capture, mark, no
time interval specified. Sampling should be short, because this method considers there is
no rejuvenation of the population of the new lentils into the population between periods 1
and 2. Schumacher-Aschemeyer While method is a procedure by which diinflikasikan
Signed proportion who immediately known. As of the census population counts
repeatedly checked lentils are reduced.

CHAPTER V
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
1. Through observations obtained, the total population of each arrest lentils different this
was due to the method given different treatments (open and closed tanngan method).
2. As for the value of N for the third formula digunkan ie in Eschmeyer Scumacher
kacanng koro-white with open arms method = 81.94, Peterson = 82.15 and Schenebel =
76.998. In white lentils with a closed hand method obtained a value of N for the third
formula is Scumacher digunkan-Eschmeyer = 77.238, 95.847 and Peterson Schenebel = =
65.25. Furthermore, on a black lentils with open arms the method obtained a value of N
for the third formula is Scumacher digunkan-Eschmeyer = 93.87, and Peterson Schenebel
= 95.965 = 93.572. In black lentils with a closed hand method obtained a value of N for
the three formula-Eschmeyer digunkan ie = 84.18 Scumacher, and Peterson Schenebel =
91.357 = 78.1.
B. Suggestion
Expected to praktikan order to be more active in practical implementation.