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This period was also dominated by the traditional method of organic analysis by
destructive distillation. This however did not provide any information about
composition.
Both in theory and techniques, chemistry was wholly inadequate to unravel the
mysteries of the important functions in living systems.
This period marked the onset of physiological chemistry, a sub-field of chemistry
that dealt more with extra cellular chemistry, such as the chemistry of digestion and
of body fluids[1].
DURING THE 19TH CENTURY
1836 The proponent of the cell theory in Biology, Theodore Schwann, proposed
that the process of fermentation is solely limited to living yeast cells in 1836. Liebig
did not agree to this and instead, he proposed another alternative theory of
fermentation.
1856 Louis Pasteur opposed Liebigs chemical theory. In his experiment, he
showed that fermentation depends highly on the physiological functions that occur
in bacteria and in living yeast cells. This work of Pasteur in 1856 received general
recognition [4].
1860s The view on the chemistry of life highly different from the chemistry of
nonliving things. During this period, the view is that the gelatinous and homogenous
form of matter in organisms or more commonly known as the protoplasm carries out
all the intracellular processes. These include respiration, biosynthesis of molecules,
and the breakdown of matter [5].
1869 Friedrich Miescher first identified what he called nuclein inside the nuclei
of human white blood cells[4].