Phn 3.

C s k thut thng tin quang

I.

iu bin v giI Iu bin quang

I.1.

iu bin quang

I.2.

giI Iu bin quang

II.
II.1.

Cc tham s truyn dn ca cc phn t c bn trong h

thng thng tin quang
Cc phn t bin i in - quang

II.1.1. Trng thi ca LED v LD trong qu trnh truyn dn tn

hiu
II.1. 2. Cc tham s truyn dn ca LED v LD
II.2.

Cc phn t bin i quang in

II.2.1. Trng thi ca pin-photodiode v Apd trong qu trnh truyn

dn tn hiu
II.2. 2. Cc tham s truyn dn ca pin-photodiode v Apd

I. iu bin v giI Iu bin quang

I.1. Iu bin quang

Trong k thut thng tin quang, c 2 loi iu ch quang c

bn:
- iu bin quang trc tip,
- iu bin quang gin tip (iu bin ngoi).
I.1.1. Iu bin quang trc tip

A. S iu bin quang trc tip

ID (t)

E/O

PP (t)

Hnh 3.1. S iu bin quang trc tip

I.1.1. Iu bin quang trc tip (tip theo)

B. c im:
- Tn hiu truyn dn iD (t) iu khin trc tip phn t pht
quang mt trong cc tham s cng sut quang pht P P (t)
bin i ph hp vi tn hiu truyn dn iD (t).
- Trong k thut thng tin quang iu bin trc tip, ngi ta thng iu khin cng nh sng bin i theo tn hiu
truyn dn, gi l iu bin cng nh sng (IM).
C. Phn t bin i in quang: ch yu l LED v LD.
D. Cc phng thc iu bin:
- iu bin analog
- iu bin s

Phng thc iu bin analog

P0
P0

P0

I0

I0

t
i

(a)

(b
)

Hnh 3.2. S iu bin analog i LED (a) v i

vi LD (b)
4

Phng thc iu bin s

P0

P0
I0

P0

O
I0

t
t

(b
)

(a)

Hnh 3.3. S iu bin s i vi LED (a)

v i vi LD (b)

E. Nhn xt v k thut iu bin quang trc tip

u im:
-

n gin

Nhc im:
-

nh hng ca mo phi tuyn, mo tuyn tnh ca

LED v LD
-

Tc tn hiu truyn dn b hn ch, thng 2,5

Gb/s.

I.1.2. Iu bin quang gin tip (IU BIN NGOI)

A. S iu bin quang gin tip:

LD

t/h a/s

iu
bin

P (t)

x (t)

Hnh 3.4. S iu bin quang gin tip

B. c im:

Trong iu bin quang gin tip tn hiu truyn dn x(t) c

a vo iu bin vi chui xung nh sng pht ra t mt ngun
quang (thng l LD).

i.1.2. iu bin quang gin tip (tip theo)

C. Cc phn t s dng trong iu bin quang gin tip:

Trong k thut iu bin quang gin tip, ngi ta thng s
dng cc mch quang t hp.

V d nh LiNb03 Mach-

Zehnde Modulator.
D. Cc dng iu bin quang gin tip:
- iu ch cng
8

- iu ch pha
- iu ch tn s
- iu ch phn cc
( y thc hin iu bin trc tip cc tham s ca
lung quang)

E. Nhn xt v k thut iu ch quang gin tip

u im:
- Phc tp hn
Nhc im:
9

- t b nh hng ca mo phi tuyn v mo tuyn tnh

- Tc truyn dn rt cao, thng tc truyn dn
10 Gb/s.

Phn 3. C s k thut thng tin quang

I.

iu bin v giI Iu bin quang

I.1.

iu bin quang

I.2.

giI Iu bin quang

II.
II.1.

Cc tham s truyn dn ca cc phn t c bn trong h

thng thng tin quang
Cc phn t bin i in - quang

II.1.1. Trng thi ca LED v LD trong qu trnh truyn dn tn

hiu
10

II.1. 2. Cc tham s truyn dn ca LED v LD

II.2.

Cc phn t bin i quang in

II.2.1. Trng thi ca pin-photodiode v Apd trong qu trnh truyn

dn tn hiu
II.2. 2. Cc tham s truyn dn ca pin-photodiode v Apd
I.2. Gii iu bin quang

Trong k thut thng tin quang, cng c 2 loi gii iu biu quang:
- Gii iu bin quang trc tip
- Gii iu bin quang gin tip
I.2.1. Gii iu bin quang trc tip
A. S gii iu bin quang trc tip:
PT (t)

0/E

IT (t) [ur (t)]

11

Hnh 3.5. S gii iu bin quang trc tip

B. c im:
Trong gii iu bin quang trc tip, b thu quang bin i trc
tip cng sut nh sng ti b thu quang P T (t) thnh tn hiu truyn
dn iT (t) c dng ging vi tn hiu truyn dn ban u.

I.2.1. Gii iu bin quang trc tip (tip theo)

C.

Cc phn t s dng trong gii iu bin quang

trc tip:
PIN Photodiode v
APD.
12

D. Cc phng thc gii iu bin quang trc tip:

- Gii iu bin quang analog (truyn dn analog)
- Gii iu bin s (truyn dn s)

IT

iT

IT

iT

Qu trnh gii iu bin analog v s

I0T

I0

I0T

P0

PT

I0
P0

P
T

P
T

13

(b)

Hnh 3.6. Gii iu bin quang: a) Gii iu bin analog v b)

gii iu bin s
I.2.2. Gii iu ch quang gin tip
Mc tiu ca gii iu ch quang gin tip: tng nhy thu nhm
ko di c ly thng tin/ tng tc truyn dn.
S gii iu ch quang gin tip:
PT (t)

Trn

0/E

PN (t)

LD

14

To ra dao ng
ni

iT (t)

Hnh 3.7. S gii iu bin quang gin tip

I.2.2. Gii iu ch quang gin tip (tip theo)

A. Nguyn l hot ng:
- Tn hiu nh sng PT (t) v tn hiu dao ng ni P N (t) (c to ra
bi ngun LD ti b thu) c a vo 2 u vo ca b trn. Ti b
trn tn hiu PT(t) v PN (t) c trn vi nhau.
- Tn hiu trn c a ti b bin i quang in tch tn hiu
truyn dn iT (t).
15

B. Cu to b trn:
B trn c th l mt gng phn x 1 chiu hoc b ghp si nng
chy.
C. Yu cu hai lung quang PT(t) v PN (t):
Hai lung quang phi kt hp.
D. Phn t bin i quang in:
PIN-Photodiode hay
APD.
Phn 3. C s k thut thng tin quang
I.

iu bin v giI Iu bin quang

I.1.

iu bin quang

I.2.

giI Iu bin quang

16

II.
II.1.

Cc tham s truyn dn ca cc phn t c bn trong h

thng thng tin quang
Cc phn t bin i in - quang

II.1.1. Trng thi ca LED v LD trong qu trnh truyn dn tn

hiu
II.1. 2. Cc tham s truyn dn ca LED v LD
II.2.

Cc phn t bin i quang in

II.2.1. Trng thi ca pin-photodiode v Apd trong qu trnh truyn

dn tn hiu
II.2. 2. Cc tham s truyn dn ca pin-photodiode v Apd
II. Cc tham s truyn dn ca cc phn t c bn trong h thng thng
tin quang

Cc phn t c bn trong h thng thng tin quang gm:

- Cc phn t bin i in-quang: LED & LD
- Cc phn t bin i quang-in: APD & PIN-Diode
17

- Si quang
Phm vi nghin cu:
- Trong phn ny s tp trung nghin cu cc phn t trong h thng
thng tin quang iu ch trc tip.
- ng thi, s khng nghin cu cc tham s cu trc ca cc phn t,
v cc tham s ny c nghin cu trong phn cu kin quang
in t, m ch tp trung nghin cu cc tham s truyn dn ca
cc phn t trong h thng thng tin quang.

II.1.

Cc phn t bin i in quang LED v LD

II.1.1. Trng thi ca LED v LD trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu

18

Trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu, cc tham s ca tn hiu truyn

dn (i vi LED v LD tn hiu truyn dn chnh l dng iu khin
LED v LD ) c nh hng rt ln n trng thi ca LED v LD.
i vi truyn dn tng t, cc tham s ca tn hiu truyn dn: bin
v tn s,
i vi truyn dn s, cc tham s ca tn hiu truyn dn: bin v
tc bit,
Gia tc bit ca chui xung v rng bng tn truyn dn tng
ng ca chui xung hay tn s cao nht ca bng tn truyn dn ca n
c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau thng qua php bin i Fuorier. Khi
tc truyn dn cng cao, th rng bng tn truyn dn tng
ng cng rng hay tn s truyn dn cao nht ca n cng cao v ngc
li.
Do , khi xt trng thi ca LED v LD trong qu trnh truyn dn tng t hay s, ta ch xt cc tham s ca tn hiu truyn dn l bin
v tn s.
19

M hnh phn tch cc Trng thi ca LED v LD trong qu trnh truyn

dn tn hiu

1. Tn s dng iu khin thp

a. ln ca dng iu khin nh
b. ln ca dng iu khin ln
2. Tn s dng iu khin thp
a. ln ca dng iu khin nh
b. ln ca dng iu khin ln

20

II.1.1.1. Trng thi ca LED v LD khi tn s ca dng iu khin thp

Khi tn s ca dng iu khin thp th qu trnh bin i in

quang ca LED v LD c xc nh theo c tuyn tnh ca LED v LD.
Khi LED v LD l nhng phn t khng ph thuc vo tn s tc l:
LED v LD l phn t khng nh.
1. ln ca dng iu khin nh
Khi ln ca dng iu khin rt nh hn dng bo ho (I V <<IBh)
i vi LED v khi ln dng iu khin ln hn dng ngng v nh
hn dng bo ho (Ing<ID<IBD) th c tuyn bin i in quang ca
LED v LD l tuyn tnh, tc l cng sut bc x t l thun vi dng
iu khin ca LED v LD.
Khi LED v LD l nhng phn t tuyn tnh v khng
nh.
2. ln ca dng iu khin ln
21

Khi ln ca dng iu khin ln th tnh phi tuyn ca c tuyn

tnh ca LED v LD s nh hng rt ln n qu trnh bin i in
quang ca chng.
Khi LED v LD l nhng phn t phi tuyn v khng nh.

Nguyn nhn gy ra tnh phi tuyn ca LED v LD

S un cong ca c tuyn tnh do bo ho khi dng iu khin ln

hn IBh

S ph thuc vo nhit ca qu trnh bin i in quang ca

LED v LD c bit khi dng in khng ln. S ph thuc vo nhit
caPqu trnh bin i inP quang ca LED
T0 v LD c th m
t cc hnh sau:

T0

I
(a)

22
(b)

Ing

Hnh 3. 8. S ph thuc nhit ca LED (a) v

ca LD (b)
Nguyn nhn gy ra tnh phi tuyn ca LED v LD (tip theo)

S ph thuc nhit ca dng ngng c LD c xc nh qua cng

thc:
I ng (T) I(T0 ) exp

T
T0

(3-9)

i vi LD tnh phi tuyn cn do cc nguyn nhn sau:

23

- Qu trnh chuyn t ch pht t pht sang ch pht kch

thch (khu vc dng ngng)
- Xut hin cc bc un cong trong qu trnh pht kch thch.

S m t Tnh phi tuyn ca LD

Vng
bo ho
Khu
vc
dng
ngng

Bu
un
cong

Ing

24

IBh

Hnh 3.9. Tnh phi tuyn ca LD

Nh vy, khi dng iu khin ln th LED v LD l nhng phn t phi

tuyn v khng nh.
II.1.1.2. Trng thi ca LED v LD khi tn s ca dng iu khin cao

Khi tn s ca dng iu khin cao th qu trnh bin i

in-quang ca LED v LD khng tun theo c tuyn tnh ca chng
na, m qu trnh bin i ny l qu trnh ph thuc tn s. Do ,
LED v LD trong trng hp ny l nhng phn t phc thuc tn s,
tc l nhng phn t c nh.
1. Dng iu khin nh
25

Khi dng iu khin nh th nh hng ca s bo ho (i vi LED

v LD) v nh hng ca qu trnh qu chuyn t bc x t pht
sang bc x kch thch (i vi LD) vn cha nh hng ti s bin i
in quang ca LED v LD.
Khi , LED v LD l nhng phn t c nh v tuyn tnh.
2. Dng iu khin ln
Khi dng iu khin ln th s bo ho, cng vi iu , s nh hng ca nhit (i vi LED v LD) v qu trnh qu t bc x t
pht sang bc x kch thch (i vi LD) nh hng rt ln n qu trnh
bin i in quang ca LED v LD.
Khi , LED v LD l nhng phn t c nh v phi tuyn.

II.1.2. Cc tham s truyn dn c bn ca LED v LD

II.1.2.1. Truyn dn analog

Khi truyn dn analog th tn hiu truyn dn l lin tc. n gin,

gi thit tn hiu iu khin c dng:
26

ID(t) = I cos t
(3-10)

1. Dng iu khin c bin nh v tn s thp

A. Trng thi ca LED v LD: l nhng phn t tuyn tnh v khng
nh, qu trnh bin i in quang c xc nh theo c tuyn
tnh.
B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD:
(3-11)

PP LED / LD (t ) P0 P H P LED / LD .i D (t )

H P LED / LD

dPP LED / LD
dI D

(3-12)

L dc ca c tuyn tnh P ID =I I0D

ca LED/LD ti im cng tc (P 0P,
I0P) ca LED/LD.
Trong thc t:

HP-LED = 1- 50 w/mA, HP-LD 500 w/mA.

2. Dng iu khin c bin nh v tn s thp (tip theo)

27

 Khi tn hiu iu khin c dng hnh sin (3-10), cng sut bc x

ca LED v LD c dng:

PP-LED-LD (t) = P0 + HP-LED/LD . I cos t

= P0 + P cos t

(3-13)

Trong : P0 = I0 . HP-LED/LD l thnh phn cng sut nh sng mt

chiu ca cng sut bc x ca LED/LD.
T cng thc (3-13), ta c nhn xt: khi tn hiu iu khin c bin
nh v tn s thp, cng sut nh sng bc x ca LED v LD
khng b mo.

28

3. Bin dng iu khin ln v tn s thp

A. Trng thi ca LED&LD:
LED v LD l nhng phn t phi tuyn v khng nh.
B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD:
Trong k thut thng tin quang, ngi ta s dng nhng phn t bin
i in quang l nhng phn t phi tuyn yu => mi quan h gia
cng sut bc x v dng iu khin c gn ng bi a thc lu
tha:
P p LED / LD ( t ) P0 H p LED / LD

bn i Dn ( t )

(3-14)

n1

Trong : bn l cc h s ca chui lu tha c trng cho qu trnh

bin i in-quang ca LED v LD trong trng hp ny.
N l bc ca a thc, N cng ln th s gn ng cng
chnh xc.
29

3. Bin dng iu khin ln v tn s thp (tip theo)

Khi tn hiu iu khin c dng (3-10), cng sut bc x ca LED/LD c
dng:
N

PP (t ) P0 H P B0 B(n ) cosn t
n1

P0' H P B ( n ) cos nt

(3-15)

Trong :
B0 =

N / 2

I
b2 n C

2
n 1

2n

(3-16)

n
2n

P0= P0 + HPB0
B n

( N n ) / 2

l thnh phn mt chiu ca cng sut bc x.

I

2bn2i Cni 2i
i 0

n 2i

(3-17)

i lng HPB (n) l bin thnh phn sng hi bc n ca cng sut

bc x.
30

3. Bin dng iu khin ln v tn s thp (tip theo)

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo phi tuyn ca LED v LD:
suy hao sng hi

nh gi mo phi tuyn ca LED v LD ngi ta s dng khi

nim suy hao sng hi v c xc nh nh sau:
a kn 20 lg

B ( n )
b I
20 lg n

b1 2
B

( N n ) / 2

i 0

C ni 2 i

bn 2 i I

bn 2

2i

(3-18)

n = 2, 3,...
Vi n = 2, 3 ta nhn c suy hao sng hi bc 2 v 3:
N n

a k2

a I
20 lg 2
a1 2

a k3

a I
20 lg 3

a1 2

C i2 2i
i 0

Nn
2

C
i 0

b 2 2i I

b2 2

i
3 2 i

2i

b 3 2 i I

b3 2

(3-19)
2i

(3-20)

suy hao sng hi (tip theo)

Khi gn ng bng a thc lu tha bc 5 (tc l N = 5), ta c:

31

a k 2 20 lg

b2 I
b4 I

1 4
b1 2
b2 2

a k 3 20 lg

b3
b1

I

2

1 5

b5
b3

(3-21a)

I

2

(3-22a)

Khi gn ng bng a thc lu tha bc 7 (tc l N = 7), ta nhn c

cc suy hao sng hi bc 2 v 3 nh sau:
b I 4
b I
b I 2
a k 2 20 lg 2 1 4 4 15 6
b1 2
b2 2
b2 4

(3-21b)

b I 2
b I 2
b I 4
a k 3 20 lg 3 1 5 5 21 7
b1 2
b3 2
b3 4

(3-22b)

ak2, ak3

150[dB]

H*

th m t cc suy hao sng hi bc 2 v 3

P-LED
130

110

ca mt LD ng vi N=5 v N=7
N=
7

90
70

N=5

50

ak3a

30
10
0,001

k2

32
0,005

0,01

X
0,05

0,1

Hnh 3.10. th m t cc suy hao sng hi bc 2 v 3

ca mt LD ng vi N=5 v N=7
suy hao sng t hp
xc nh suy hao sng t hp ta phi cho 2 tn hiu hnh sin c tn s khc

nhau iu khin LED/LD.

Gi s 2 tn hiu hnh sin iu khin LED/LD c dng:

I
(D1 ti ) cos1t
2

I
D2(ti ) cos2t
2

(3-23)

Khi , cng sut bc x ca LED/LD c xc nh theo cng thc:

33

P( t ) P0 H p B0 B1 cos1t B( 2 )cos 2t

N / 2

N / 2

N / 2

i 1

i 1

i 1

+ B 2 i1 cos 2 i1t + B 2i 2 cos 2i 2 t + B 2i 1 1 cos 2i 1 1t

N / 2

N / 2

B 2 i 1 2 cos 2 i 1 2 t + B i 1 i 2 cos i 1 i 2 t
+ i
1
i 1

N / 2

B i1 i 2 cos i1 i 2 t

i 1

(324)

[ N / 2] [N / 2]

+ i 1

B 2 i m 1 m 2 cos 2 i m 1 m 2 t

m 1

suy hao sng t hp (tip theo)

+

[N / 2] [N / 2]

i 1

B 2 i m 2 m 1 cos 2 i m 2 m 1 t +

m 1

[N / 2] [N / 2]

i 1

[N / 2] [N / 2]

B 2 i m 2 m 1 cos 2 i m 2 m 1 t

m 1

i 1

B 2 i m 1 m 2 cos 2 i m 1 m 2 t

m 1

[ N / 2] [N / 2]

i 1

B 2 i m 1 1 m 2 cos 2 i m 1 1 m 2 t

m 1

[ N / 2] [ N / 2]

i 1

B 2 i m 1 2 m 1 cos 2 i m 1 2 m 1 t

m1

34

[N / 2] [N / 2]

i 1

B 2 i m 1 1 m 2 cos 2 i m 1 1 m 2 t

m 1

[N / 2] [N / 2]
+

B 2i m 1 2 m 1 cos 2i m 1 2 m 1 t

i 1 m 1

Trong , [N/2] l phn nguyn ca cc s thc N/2.

suy hao sng t hp (tip theo)
Trong cng thc (24), k hiu:

35

N/2 1n I 2n 2n

(3-25)

B0 b2n
n 0k 4 nk,nk, k

(3-26)
(3-27)

N/2 1n I 2 1n 2 1n

(3-28)

B(1,2) b2 1n
n 0k 4 kn 1,nk, k

(329)
(330)

N/2 1n I 2n 2 1n

(331)

B(2i1,2) b2n
n 0k 4 nk,i kn i,k

N/2 1n I 2 1n 2 1n

B[(2i1) ] b

36

Trong :

N
n
2

l phn nguyn ca

N
2

v cn lu rng:
(332)

K1 , K2 , K3 , K4 0

(333)

K1 K2 K3 K4 m
Suy hao sng t hp

m m!
(tip theo)

K ,K ,K ,K K ! K !K !K
Suy hao
3 4 1 t
1 2sng
2 3 4hp c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

37

 N / 2 n 1

2n1

(3-34)

b2n I 2n
ai1i2 20lg
n1 k0 b1 4 n k,n k, k

(3-35)

(3-36)

N / 2 n 1

2n

b2n I 2n
a(2li )1l2 20lg
n1 k0 b1 4 kn i, ikn l,k l,k
N/2n1

2 n 1

b2n1 I 2n1
a(2 li 1)1l2 20lg

38

Vi i, l = 1,2,3,...

Suy hao sng t hp

(tip theo)

Khi i, l = 1 ta c:
b
I
a 20 lg 2 n

1
2
b
1 4
n k

b I
a 2 20 lg 2 n

1
2
b1 4
n k

2n

2n

(3-37)

n k , n k 1 ,k 1 ,k

2n

2n 1

n k 1 ,n k 1 , k 1 ,k

(3-38)

39

Suy hao sng t hp

(tip theo)

Khi gn ng bng a thc lu tha bc 5 ( tc l N = 5), ta nhn c

cc suy hao sng t hp bc 1 v 2 nh sau:
b I
b I 2
a 20 lg 2 2 1 12 4

1
2
b1 4
b2 4

(3-39a)

2
b I 2
50 b5 I
a 2 20 lg 3 3
1

1
2
b1 4
3 b3 4

(3-40a)

Khi gn ng bng a thc lu tha bc 7 (tc l N = 7), ta nhn c

cc suy hao sng hi bc 1 v 2 nh sau:
b I 4
b I
b I 2
a 20 lg 2 2 1 12 4
150 6

1
2
b1 4
b2 4
b2 4

b I
a 2 20 lg 3 3

1
2
b1 4

(3-39b)

2
b I 4
50 b5 I
245 7

3 b3 4
b3 4

(3-40b)

th m t cc suy hao sng t hp bc 1 v

2
40

a12, a212

[dB]
140

120
100

N=
7

80

N=5

60
40

a12

a212

20
0
0,001
0,5

0,005

0,01

0,05

0,1

Hnh 3.11. th m t cc suy hao sng t hp

bc 1 v 2
3. Tn s dng iu khin ln, bin nh
41

A. Trng thi ca LED&LD:

LED v LD l nhng phn t c nh v tuyn tnh.
B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD:
T cc trng thi LED v LD l nhng phn t c nh v tuyn tnh, ta
xc nh c cng sut bc x ca LED v LD theo cc cng thc sau:
* Trong khng gian tn s:

PP (j) = HP (j) . ID (j)

(3-41)

- i vi LED.

PP-LED (j) = HP-LED (j). ID (j)

(3-42)

H P LED
.I D j

1 j
g

B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD (tip theo):

- i vi LD:
42

PP-LD (j) = H

P-LD

(j). ID (j)

H P LD

1
2j 0
2
0 0
0

.I D ( j )

(3-43)

* Trong khng gian thi gian:

PP (t) = gP (t) * iD (t)

(3-44)

- i vi LED:

PP-LED (t) = HP- LED g e- gt * iD(t)

(3-45)

- i vi LD:
PP LD ( t ) H P LD

02
s

(3-46)

exp( 0 t ) sin s t i D ( t )

B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD (tip theo):

43

Khi dng iu khin c dng hnh sin th cng sut bc x ca LED

v LD c xc nh theo cng thc:
H P LED .I

Pp LED ( t )

P p LD ( t )

cost LED

H P LD .I

(3-47a)

g2

02

02
4
02

cost LD

(3-48a)

2
02

Trong :
LED arctg

(3-49a)

LD arctg

2 0

02 2

(3-50a)

T cc cng thc (3-47) (3-50), nhn thy trong trng hp tn hiu

iu khin c tn s cao, bin nh th cng sut bc x c LED v
LD xut hin mo bin v mo pha (mo tuyn tnh).

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh ca LED v LD :

T cc cng thc (3-47) - (3-50), ta xc nh c cc mo bin
v mo pha ca LED v LD theo cng thc:
44

- i vi LED:
I

I p LED ( ) H P LED .

c tnh
tnh pha ca mt LED
(3-47b)
1 bin v c
2

g2

LED ( ) arctg

(3-48b)

- i vi LD:
I p LD ( )

H P LD . I
2

(3-49b)

2
2 2
1 2 4 02 2
0
0 0

2
LD ( ) arctg 2 0 2
0

(3-50b)

45

Hnh 3.12. c tnh bin v c tnh pha

c tnh bin v c tnh pha ca mt LD

46

Hnh 3.13. c tnh bin v c tnh pha

4. Dng iu khin c bin ln v tn s cao

A. Trng thi ca LED&LD:
LED v LD l nhng phn t c nh v phi tuyn.
B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD:
47

T cc trng thi LED v LD l nhng phn t c nh v phi tuyn, theo V.

Volterra ta nhn c cng sut bc x ca LED/LD theo cc cng thc
sau:
N

PP (t )

.... g

n 1

( 1 , 2, ... n ) iD (t i )d 1d 2 ...d n
i 1

(3-51)

vi n= 1, 2, 3,....
Trong gn (t1, t2, ...,tn) l h hm trng lng ca LED hay LD v l bin
i Fuorier ngc ca h hm truyn dn Hpn (j1, j2, ...,jn).

B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD (tip theo):

i vi LED, HPn-LED (j1, j2, ...,jn) c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
48

H Pn LED (j1, j2, ...,jn) =

i 1 1 j i
*

(3-52)

i vi LD, h hm truyn dn c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

n

H *pn LD ( j 1 , j 2 ,..., j n )

i 1
1 i 2j 0
0
02

(3-53)

vi n = 1, 2, 3,...

B. Cng sut bc x ca LED v LD (tip theo):

Khi tn hiu vo c dng hnh sin, cng sut u ra ca LED v LD c dng:
N

P p ( t ) B0 B( n ) cos( nt n )

(3-54)

n1

Trong :
49

 N :2

B0

n1

C 2nn

2n

j j

H 2n

(3-55)

B ( n ) 2

N n
2

n = argument ca hm s:

k 0

N n

k 0

C nk 2 k

k
Cn
2k

n 2 k

n 2 k

j j

H n 2 k

n k

j j

H n 2 k

n k k

(3-56)
(3-57)

Trong cc cng thc (55), (56), v (57), cn ch :

j j
H n ( j 1 ,..., j 1 , j 1 ,..., j 1
H n

k
k
1 2
k1

k2

(3-58)

k1 k 2 n

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo ng thi c phi tuyn v c nh ca

LED v LD:
Suy hao sng hi
a kn 20 lg

B n
B

50

20 lg

N n

C
k 0

k
n 2 k

n2 k

H n2 k

nk
H 1 j

(3-59)

Vi n = 2, 3 v s dng cc cng thc (52), (53), ta c:

a k 2 20 lg S I ,

ak 3 20 lg S I ,

N 2

C
k 0

N 3

k
2 2k

S 2k I ,

k
3 2 k

S 2k I ,

(3-60)
(3-61)

ki

Suy hao sng hi (tip theo)

Khi chui Volltera c gn ng bng a thc bc 5 hay bc 7, tc l N

= 5, 7, cc suy hao sng hi ca h thng ng vi i, l = 1 c xc nh
theo cc cng thc:
- Khi N=5:
1

ak 2 20 lg S I , C2k2 k S 2 k I ,

(3-60a)

k 0
1

ak 3 20 lg S I , C3k2 k S 2 k I ,

(3-61a)

k 0

- Khi N=7:
2

ak 2 20 lg S I , C2k2 k S 2 k I ,

(3-60b)

k 0

51

ak 3 20 lg S I , C3k2 k S 2 k I ,

(3-61b)

k 0

Suy hao sng hi (tip theo)

Trong cc cng thc trn, S (I, ) i vi LED v LD c xc nh theo

cc cng thc:
I/2

S LED I ,

S LD I ,

(3-62)

g2
I/2

2
1

0 2

(3-63)

2 2
4 0
02 02

52

 th m t s ph thuc ca cc suy hao sng hi bc 2 v 3

vo bin tn hiu
iu khin ca mt LD khi = const
ak2, ak3

[dB]

140
120
100

ak3

80
60
40

=
5.109

=
1010

ak2

20
0
0,001
1

0,005

0,01

x
53

0,05

0,1

0,5

Hnh 3.14. th m t s ph thuc ca cc suy hao sng hi bc 2

v 3 vo bin tn
th m t s ph thuc ca cc suy hao sng hi bc 2 v 3 vo
hiu iu khin catn
mts
LD khi = const
tn hiu iu khin ca mt LD vi

ak2, ak3 [dB]

X=const
100
80
60

ak3

40

X=
0,02

20
0

X=
0,1

ak2

0,001

0,005

0,01

0,05

0,1

0,5

/1010

Hnh 3.15. th m t s ph
thuc ca cc suy hao sng hi bc
54

2 v 3 vo tn s

Suy hao sng t hp

xc inh mo t hp ca cng sut bc x trong trng hp ny ta cho 2 dao

ng hnh sin iu khin LED/LD sau xc nh cng sut bc x. T

ta s tnh c suy hao sng t hp.
Khi tn hiu iu khin h thng l hai tn hiu hnh sin theo cng thc (23)
tn hiu ra ca h thng truyn dn thng tin c xc nh theo cng thc:
P ( t ) B0 2 B( j 1 ) cos 1 t B( j 1 ) 2 B( j 2 ) cos 2 t B( j 2 )

N 2

i 1

N 2

i 1

N 2

i 1

2 B [ j ( 2 i 1 )] cos 2 i 1 t B [ j ( 2 i 1 )]

N 2

i 1

2 B [ j ( 2 i 2 )] cos 2 i 2 t B [ j ( 2 i 2 )]

2 B [ j ( 2 i 1 ) 1 ] cos ( 2 i 1 ) 1 t b [ j ( 2 i 1 ) 1 ]

(3-64)

2 B [ j ( 2 i 1 ) 2 ] cos ( 2 i 1 ) 2 t B [ j ( 2 i 1 ) 2 ]

55

Suy hao sng t hp

N 2

i 1

N 2

i 1

2 B [ j( i 1 i 2 )] cos ( i 1 i 2 )t B [ j ( i 1 i 2 ]

2 B [ j ( i 1 i 2 )] cos ( i 1 i 2 )t B [ j ( i 1 i 2 ]

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

2 B [ j (( 2 i l ) 1 l 2 )] . cos (( 2 i l ) 1

l 2 )t B [ j(( 2 i l ) 1 l 2 )]

2 B [ j (( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )]

cos (( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )t B [ j (( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )]

2 B [ j (( 2 i l ) 1 l 2 )]

cos (( 2 i l ) 1 l 2 )t B [ j(( 2 i l ) 1 l 2 )]

2 B [ j (( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )]

cos (( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )t B [ j(( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )]

Suy hao sng t hp

(tip theo)

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

2 B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )]

(tip theo)

cos (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )t B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )]

56

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

N 2 N 2

i 1 l 1

2 B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 2 l 1 )]

cos (( 2i l 1 ) 2 l 1 )t

B
[
j
((
2
i

1
)

)]

2 1

2 B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )]

cos (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )t B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )]

2 B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 2 l 1 )]

cos (( 2 i l 1 ) 2 l 1 )t B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 2 l 1 )] .

Trong :
B0

N 2

I
4
n 1 k 0

B( j 1 )

j 1 j 1 j 2 j 2

2n

k
n

k
k
k
n k ,n k ,k ,k

2n

( N 1 ) 2

n 0

2n

2 n 1

I

k 0 4

j 1

j 1 j 2 j 2

n k 1 n k k

2 n 1

(3-65)

H
2n 1

n k 1 ,n k ,k ,k

(3-66)

Suy hao sng t hp

B ( j 2 )

( N 1 ) 2

n0

B [ j ( 2 i 1 )]

2n 1

I
4
k 0

H
2n 1

n k 1 ,n k ,k ,k

N 2 n1 I

j 1 j 1

2n1

n1 k 0 4

2n

2n

k
j 1

n k i ,n k i ,k ,k

H
2n

j 2

j 2

n k 1 n k

j 1 j 2 j 2

n k i n k i k

(tip theo)
(3-67)

(3-68)

57

B [ j ( 2 i 2 )]

N 2 n1 I

j 1 j 1 j 2 j 2

2n

n k i ,n k i ,k ,k
k k n k i n k i

2n

n1 k 0 4

B [ j ( 2 i 1 ) 1 ]

B [ j ( 2 i 1 ) 2 ]

( N 1 ) 2 n1 I

2 n 1

B [ j ( i 1 i 2 )]

2 n 1

N 2 n1 I

n 1 k 0

. H 2n1

j 2

n k n k i k i k

n k ,n k i ,k i ,k

j 2

N 2 n 1 I

2n

4
n 1 k 0

B [ j (( 2 i l ) 1 l 2 )]

B [ j (( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )]

2n

n k n k i k k i

n 1 k 0 4

2n

. H 2n

j 1

(3-73)
j 2 j 2

n k i n k i l k l k

j 1 j 1 j 2

k l k n k i n k i l

n k i ,n k i l ,k l ,k

. H 2n

(tip theo)

2n

j 1

n k i ,n k i l ,k l ,k

2n

N 2 n1 I

j 1 j 1 j 2 j 2

. H 2n

n k ,n k i ,k i ,k

N 2 n 1 I
n 1 k 0

2n

(3-71)

(3-72)

Suy hao sng t hp

B [ j ( i 1 i 2 )]

(3-70)

j 1 j 1 j 2 j 2

. H 2n

n k i 1 n k i

2n

j 1 j 2 j 2

j 1 j 1

n k i 1 ,n k i ,k ,k

2n

(3-69)

n k i 1 n k 1 k

2 n 1

4
k 0

n 0

. H 2n1

n k i 1 ,n k i ,k ,k

( N 1 ) 2 n1 I

j 1

2 n 1

k 0 4

n0

2n

j 2

58

(3-74)

(3-75)

B [ j (( 2 i l ) 1 l 2 )]

B [ j (( 2 i l ) 2 l 1 )]

N 2 n 1 I

2n

N 2 n 1 I

2n

n0

2 n 1

j 1 j 1 j 2

j 1

. H 2n 1

n k i ,n k i l 1 ,k l ,k

4
k 0

j 2

k k l n k i n k i l

2 n 1

j 2 j 2

. H 2n

n k i ,n k i l ,k l ,k

( N 1 ) 2 n 1 I

j 1

n k i n k i l k l k

2n

4
n 1 k 0

B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )]

. H 2n

n k i ,n k i l ,k l ,k

n 1 k 0

j 1

2n

(3-76)

(3-77)

j 1

B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 1 l 2 )]

B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 2 l 1 )]

( N 1 ) 2 n 1 I

n0

k 0

2 n 1

( N 1 ) 2 n1 I

n 0

2 n 1

( N 1 ) 2 n1 I

n 0

k 0

2 n 1

. H 2n 1

j 1

j 2 j 2

nk i nk i l 1 k l

2 n 1

j 1

n k i ,n k i l 1 ,k l ,k

j 2

k l k n k i n k i l 1

2 n 1

k 0

. H 2n 1

n k i ,n k i l 1 ,k l ,k

j 1 j 1

n k i ,n k i l 1 ,k l ,k

. H 2n 1

j 2

j 2

k k l n k i n k i l 1

59

(3-78)

(tip theo)

j 1 j 1 j 2

2 n 1

n k i n k i l 1 k l k

Suy hao sng t hp

B [ j (( 2 i l 1 ) 2 l 1 )]

j 2 j 2

(3-79)

(3-80)

(3-81)

Suy hao sng t hp

(tip theo)

Cn lu trong cc cng thc trn, ta k hiu:

j 1
a

H n

j 1 j 2
b
c

j 2
H n ( j 1 , j 1 , ...., j 1 , j 1 ,..., j 2 , j 2 , ...., j 2 , j 2 ,... )

d
a b c d

(3-82)

vi iu kin:
abcd n

a , b, c , d 0
A( j )

(3-83)

v A( j ) l gi tr tuyt i v argument ca hm phc

60

A( j )

[N/2] v [(N-1)/2] l phn nguyn ca cc s thc N/2 v (N-1)/2.

Suy hao sng t hp

(tip theo)

Khi , suy hao sng t hp ca h thng c xc nh theo cng thc

sau:

[N/2] n n12

j1 j1 j2 j2

I 2n
a1ii 2 20lg
n1 k0 4 nk, kn i k i,, k

H 2n
kn nk i ik k

(384)

jH )(

11

61

[N/2] n n12

H 2n
n k n k i k k i

I 2n
a1ii 2 20lg
n1 k0 4 nk, kn i,k ik
[ N / 2] n 2n

j1 j1 j2 j2

(3-85)

jH )(

11

I 2n
a(im)2 1,2m2,1 20lg H2n 1 jH 1)(
n1 k0 4 kn i, kn i l k l,, k nki nk im km k
j1,2 j1,2 j2,1 j2,1

(386)

62

[ N / 2 ] n 2n

I 2n
a(im)2 1,2m2,120lg H2n H1 j1)(
n1 k0 4 nki,nk i l k l,, k nki nk im k km
j1,2 j1,2 j2,1 j2,1

(387)

(3-88)

(389)

Suy hao sng t hp

[ N / 2 ] n 2 n 2n 1
I

a(2 mi 1) m 20lg
1 , 2 2 ,1
1n 0k 4 nki,n ik m1,km,k

j 1 , 2

H 2 n 1

j 1 , 2

(390)

j 2 , 1 j 2 , 1

n k i n k i m 1 k m

(tip theo)

H 1 ( j 1 )

(391)

(392)
63
(3-

[ N / 2 ] n 2 n 2n 1
I

a(2 mi 1) m 20lg
1 , 2 2 ,1
1n 0k 4 nk i,n ik m1,k m,k

j 1 , 2

H 2n

j 1 , 2

n k i n k i m

j 2 , 1 j 2 , 1

k m

H 1 ( j 1 )

vi i,l = 1,2,3,...
Khi i,m = 1 ta c:

[ N / 2 ] n 2 n 1 2 n

I 1 jj 21 jj 2
ai 20lg H2n H(j11 )
21 4 nk,nk 1,k 1,k nk nk 1 k k1
n1 k0
64

[N/2] n 2n1 2n j j jj
I 1 1 2 2
a 20lg H2n H(j11 )
21 4 nk,nk 1,k 1 nk nk 1 k k 1
n 1 k 0

[ N / 2 ] n 2n 2n 1
I

a2 20lg
1,2 2 ,2
1n 0k 4 nk1,nk1,k1,k

j 1
nk 1

H 2n1

j 1

j 2

nk 1 k 1

j 2
k

H 1 ( j 1 )

65

[ N / 2] n 2n

I n12 j1 j 1 2 jj 2
a21,2 2, 20lg H2n H1 j1)(
n1 k0 4 nk1,nk 1,k 1 nk1 nk 1 kk 1
.
Suy hao sng t hp
(tip theo)

Vi n = 2, 3 v s dng cc cng thc trn, ta c:

66

[ N / 2 ] n 2n1

I 2n
a 20lgS(I 2),
12
n1 k0 4 nk, kn 1,k1,k
[N / 2] n 2n 2 1n
I

(3-94)

S 2 ( n k 1 ) ( I , 1 ) S 2 k ( I , 2 )

(3-95)

a2 20lgS(I,1)S(I 2),
12
1n 0k 4 kn 1, kn 1,k1,k

(3-96)

S 2 ( n k 1 ) ( I , 1 ) S 2 k ( I , 2 )

67

[N / 2] n 2n 2 1n
I

a2 20lgS(I,1)S(I 2),
21
1n 0k 4 kn 1, kn 1,k1,k

S 2 k ( I , 1 ) S 2( n k 1 ) ( I , 2 )

Suy hao sng t hp

(tip theo)

Khi chui Volltera c gn ng bng a thc lu tha bc 5 hay bc 7, tc l N =

5, 7, cc mo sng t hp ng vi i, l = 1 c xc nh theo cc cng thc:
68

- Khi N=5:

2 n 2 1n

I 2n
a 20lgS(I 2),
12
1n 0k 4 nk, kn 1,k1,k
2 n 2n 2n 1

(397)

S 2 ( n k 1 ) ( I , 1 ) S 2 k ( I , 2 )

I
a2 20lgS(I,1)S(I,2)
12
1n 0k 4 nk1,nk1,k1,k

(398)

S 2 ( n k 1 ) ( I , 1 ) S 2 k ( I , 2 )

69

2 n 2n 2n 1

I
a2 20lgS(I,1)S(I,2)
21
1n 0k 4 nk1,nk1,k1,k

(3-99)

S 2 k ( I , 1 ) S 2( n k 1 ) ( I , 2 )

Suy hao sng t hp

- Khi N=7:

70

(tip theo)

3 n 2 1n 2n

I
a 20lgS(I 2),
12
n1 0k 4 nk, kn 1,k1,k
3 n 2n 2 n 1

(3100)

. S 2( n k 1 ) ( I , 1 ) S 2 k ( I , 2 )

I
a2 20lgS(I,1)S(I,2)
12
1n 0k 4 nk1,nk1,k1,k

(3-101)

S 2 ( n k 1 ) ( I , 1 ) S 2 k ( I , 2 )

71

3 n 2n 2n 1

I
a2 20lgS(I,1)S(I,2 )
21
1n 0k 4 nk1,nk1,k1,k

(3-102)

S 2 k ( I , 1 ) S 2 ( n k 1 ) ( I , 2 )

Suy hao sng t hp

Trong cc cng thc trn ta k hiu:

i vi LED:
72

(tip theo)

I/4

S I , 1 ,2

2
1 1 ,2
g2

(3-103)

i vi LD:

S I , 1 ,2

I/4

02
2 2
1 1 ,2 4
02

12,2

(3-104)

02

, [dB]
130

th m t s ph thuc ca cc suy hao sng t hp vo bin

110iu khin
tn hiu

1 = 5.109 , 2 =

LD khi 9 = const
aca
2 mt

90

6.10

1 = 1010, 2 =1,1.
1010

70
50
30

a
1
2

10

73

0,001

0,005

0,01

Hnh 3.16. th m t s ph thuc ca cc suy hao sng t hp vo

, [dB]
bin tn hiu iu khin ca mt LD khi = const

th
m
t s ph thuc ca cc suy hao sng hi bc 2 v 3
100
vo tn s gc tn hiu iu khin ca mt LD khi X=const
80

a2

60

X=
0,02

12

X=
0,1

40
20
0
0,001
0,5

12

74

0,005

0,01

0,05

0,1

/1010

Hnh 3.17. th m t s ph thuc ca cc suy hao sng hi bc

2 v 3 vo tn s gc tn hiu iu khin ca mt LD khi
X=const

Nhn xt:

Trong trng hp dng iu khin c tn s cao v bin ln th cng sut bc

x ca LED v LD khng ch c mo tuyn tnh ( bin v pha ca tn hiu
c bn l hm s ca tn s), m cn c mo phi tuyn (xut hin cc mo
sng hi v sng t hp). Ngay c h s suy hao sng hi v sng t hp u
l hm s ca tn s (cc suy hao sng hi v suy hao sng t hp ca h thng
ph thuc vo bin v tn s ca tn hiu iu khin).
Khi bin ca tn hiu iu khin cng ln th cc suy hao sng hi v suy
hao sng t hp ca h thng cng gim. iu c ngha l: Bin ca tn
hiu iu khin cng ln th nh hng ca tnh phi tuyn ca h thng n
qu trnh truyn dn cng nhiu.
75

Khi tn s ca tn hiu iu khin tng nhng nh hn mt gi tr nht nh

(trong v d trn, th gi tr khong 80MHz), th cc suy hao sng hi v
suy hao sng t hp ca h thng khng i. Khi bin ca tn hiu iu
khin tng ln hn mt gi tr xc nh th cc suy hao sng hi v suy hao
sng t hp ca h thng cng gim.
iu c ngha l: Tn s ca tn hiu iu khin cng ln th nh hng
ca tnh c nh ca h thng n qu trnh truyn dn cng nhiu.

II.1.2.2. Truyn dn s
Khi truyn dn s th tn hiu truyn dn l nhng chui xung nh
phn c dng:
iD ( t )

bn I

n0

X t nT

(3-105)

Trong : I: l bin ca chui xung,

X(t-nT) =

khi nT t nT + Td
0

ngoi ra

76

T: chu k chui xung,

Td: rng xung,
bn = { 0,1 } tu theo xung truyn dn l bit 0 hay bit 1.

I
t

Td
T

3.10.dn
Chui
nhtheo)
II.1.2.2.Hnh
Truyn
sxung
(tip
phn
i vi truyn dn
s, tnh phi tuyn ca LED v LD nh hng rt t
n qu trnh bin i in-quang ca LED v LD. Do , i vi
truyn dn s ngi ta c th b qua tnh phi tuyn ca LED v LD. V
vy, i vi truyn dn s ta ch xt nh hng ca tc bit n cc
tham s truyn dn ca LED v LD.
a.Dng iu khin c tc bit thp

77

Khi dng iu khin LED v LD c tc bt thp (tng ng vi tn s

thp) th LED v LD l nhng phn t khng ph thuc tn s.
Do cng sut bc x ca LED v LD c xc nh theo cng thc:
Pp(t)

= Hp. iD(t)
= Hp bn I X (t nt)
= P bn X (t- nt)

(3-106)

Trong , P = HP I l bin ca chui xung nh sng ra ca LEP &LD.

b.Dng iu khin c tc bit cao

Do trong truyn dn s tnh phi tuyn ca LED v LD c th b

qua, nn p ng ca LED v LD i vi chui xung iu khin s bng
tng cc p ng ca tng xung ring l. Tc l

Pp (t ) bn Pn (t nt )

(3-107)

n 1

78

Trong Pn (t-nT) l p ng ca xung th n.

Khi dng iu khin c tc bt cao (tng ng vi tn s cao) th
LED v LD l nhng phn t ph thuc tn s.
Do , theo l thuyt truyn dn ta c p ng ca t bin xung
I.1(t) ca LED v LD l :
P(t) = I.hp (t)
(3-108)

Trong hP(t) l hm qu ca LED v LD.

Do xung th n ca dng iu khin vi bin l I c to nn t 2 t
bin:
T 0 I ti thi im t = nT
T I 0 ti thi im t = nT + Td
B. Dng iu khin c tc bit cao (tip theo)

Do , p ng ca LED/LD cho xung th n s l :

79

khi

Pn (t nt ) I hp (t nT )
I [ h (t nt ) h (t T nt )]
p
p
d

t nT

(3-109)

nT t nT Td
t nT Td

T cc cng thc (2-7), (2-8) v (3-109) ta c:

+ Cng sut bc x ca LED i vi xung iu khin th n l:
0
khi t nT

Pn LED (t nT ) H p LED I 1 exp[ g (t nT )]

nT t nT Td
g Td
g ( t nT )
H
1 e
t nT Td
p LED I e

(3-110)

B. Dng iu khin c tc bit cao (tip theo)

+ Cng sut bc x ca LD i vi xung iu khin th n l:

khi

H p LD I 1 0 e ( t nT ) cos[ s (t nT ) s ]
s

( t nT )
* 0
*
H p LD II
e
cos[ s ( t nT ) s ]
s

Pn LD ( t nT )

nT t nT Td

t nT Td

t nT

80

(3-111)

Trong :
I * 1 e 2 0Td 2e 0Td cos s Td

s* arctg

(3-112)

0
e
arctg
0Td
s
1 e cos s Td
0Td

(3-113)

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh trong truyn dn s

Tng quan v cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh trong
truyn dn s ca LED v LD:
Trong truyn dn s, khi trng thi ca LED v LD l tuyn tnh v c nh

th tham s c trng m t trng thi ca ca LED v LD c m t bi

c tnh mo nh xung v mo xuyn nhiu gia cc xung (xuyn
nhiu gia cc k t) trong tn hiu ra ca chng.
T cc cng thc (3-107) v (3-109), ta nhn thy mo tn hiu ca xung
th n ca tn hiu ra gm c hai loi mo c bn:
- Mo do bn thn xung th n b mo,
- Mo do xuyn nhiu ca n-1 xung pha trc tc ng n xung th n.
81

Nh vy, mo tn hiu ti xung th n ca tn hiu ra ca LED v LD s tng

ca hai loi mo trn.
Mo do bn thn xung th n b mo ca LED v LD c xc nh theo cc
cng thc:

Trong khong thi gian [nT t nT+Td]:

(3-114)

M n cx (t nT ) Ih (t nT )

Trong khong thi gian [nT+Td < t < (n+1)T]:

(3-115)

M n kx (t nT ) I [h (t nT ) h (t Td nT )]

Tng quan v cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh trong

truyn dn s ca LED v LD:

Mo do xuyn nhiu ca n-1 xung pha trc tc ng n xung th n c

xc nh theo cng thc:
n 1

M n xn (t nT ) I h (t iT ) h(t Td iT )

(3-116)

i 1

82

T cc cng thc (3-107) v (3-114) - (3-116), mo tng ca xung th n

c xc nh theo cc cng thc:
- Trong khong thi gian [nT t nT+Td]:
M n

(t nT ) M n cx M n xn

n 1

I h(t nT ) h(t iT ) h(t Td iT )

i 1

(3-117)

- Trong khong thi gian [nT+Td < t < (n+1)T]:

M n

(t nT ) M n kx M n xn

i 1

h (t iT ) h (t Td iT )

(3-118)

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh trong truyn dn s

(tip theo)
Mo do bn thn xung th n b mo ca LED v LD:

T cc cng thc (3-110),(3-111),(3-114) v (3-115), ta xc nh c

mo do bn thn xung th n b mo ca LED v LD theo cc cng thc:

Trong khong thi gian [nT t nT+Td]:

- i vi LED
M n cx (t nt )

H p LED I 1 exp[ g (t nT )]

83

(3-119)

- i vi LD

M n cx (t nT ) H P LD I 1 0 e 0 ( t nT ) cos[ s (t nT ) s ]
s

(3-120)

Trong khong thi gian [nT+Td < t < (n+1)T]:

- i vi LED

M ncx (t nt ) H P LED I e

g Td

1 e

g ( t nT )

(3-121)

- i vi LD
M n kx (t nT ) H P LD I I *

0
e
s

0 ( t nT )

cos[ s (t nT ) s* ]

(3-122)

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh trong truyn dn s

(tip theo)

Mo do xuyn nhiu ca n-1 xung pha trc tc ng n xung

th n:

84

T cc cng thc (3-110),(3-111) v (3-116), ta xc nh c mo do

xuyn nhiu ca n-1 xung pha trc tc ng n xung th n ca LED
v LD theo cc cng thc:
- i vi LED

M n xn (t nT ) H P LED I e

g Td

n 1

g t iT

i 1

(3-123)

- i vi LD
M n xn (t nT ) H P LD I I *

0
s

n 1

0 ( t iT

i 1

cos[ s (t iT ) s* ]

(3-124)

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh trong truyn dn s

(tip theo)

Mo tng ca xung th n:
85

T cc cng thc (3-117) - (3-124), mo tng ca xung th n ca LED v

LD c xc nh theo cc cng thc:

Trong khong thi gian [nT t nT+Td]:

- i vi LED:
M n

( t nT )
T
(t nT ) H p LED I 1 e g
e g d 1

n 1

g t iT

i 1

(3-125)

- i vi LD:
M n

(t nT ) H P LD I

0 0 ( t nT )
e
cos[ s (t nT ) s ]
s

I*

0
s

n 1

0 ( t iT

(3-126)

cos[ s (t iT ) s* ]

i 1

C. Cc tham s nh gi mo tuyn tnh trong truyn dn s

(tip theo)

Mo tng ca xung th n:

Trong khong thi gian [nT+Td < t < (n+1)T]:

86

- i vi LED:
M n

(t nT ) H P LED I e

g Td

g t iT

(3-127)

i 1

- i vi LD:
M n

(t nT ) H P LD I I *

0 n 0 ( t iT )
cos[s ( t iT ) s* ]
e
s i 1

(3-128)

Nhn xt:
- Trong trng hp dng iu khin c tc bit thp th cng sut
bc x ca LED v LD khng b mo, cc sung nh sng ra ca LED
v LD .
87

- Trong trng hp dng iu khin c tc bit cao th cng sut

bc x ca LED v LD xut hin mo tuyn tnh. Mo khng ch
xut hin nh xung [nT t nT+Td], m cn xut hin c
thi gian khng c xung [nT+T d < t < (n+1)T]. Ngoi ra, thnh phn
mo tn hiu trong thi gian khng c xung [nT+T d < t < (n+1)T]
ca cc xung pha trc xung th n cn gy nh hng ti xung th n.

88