1.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Phrenology highlighted the

presumed functions of
specific brain regions.
synaptic gaps.
endorphins.
the myelin sheath.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The person most likely to suggest

that the shape of a person's skull
2. indicates the extent to which that
individual is argumentative and
aggressive would be a
neurologist.
behavior geneticist.
psychoanalyst.
phrenologist.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Although phrenology incorrectly

suggested that bumps on the
3. skull revealed a person's
character traits, phrenology did
succeed in focusing attention on
synaptic gaps.
action potentials.
the localization of function.
reward deficiency syndrome.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A focus on the links between

brain activity and behavior is
4. most characteristic of
psychologists who work from a
________ perspective.
psychodynamic
cognitive
behavioral
biological

5. Dr. Wolski conducts research on

the potential relationship

between neurotransmitter
deficiencies and mood states. Dr.
Wolski's research focus is most
characteristic of
phrenology.
the biological perspective.
psychoanalysis.
social psychology.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A psychologist working from the

biological perspective would be
6. most interested in conducting
research on the relationship
between
neurotransmitters and
depression.
skull shape and bone density.
self-esteem and popularity.
genetics and eye color.

To fully appreciate the interaction

of neural activity, mental
processes, and the functioning of
7.
human communities, it is most
necessary to recognize that
people are
consciously aware.
morally accountable.
biopsychosocial systems.
products of multiple neural
networks.

8.
A)
B)
C)
D)

Dendrites are branching

extensions of
neurotransmitters.
endorphins.
neurons.
glial cells.

9. The function of dendrites is to

receive incoming signals from

other neurons.
release neurotransmitters into
the spatial junctions between
neurons.
coordinate the activation of the
parasympathetic and
sympathetic nervous systems.
control pain through the release
of opiatelike chemicals into the
brain.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

10. An axon is
a cell that serves as the basic
building block of the nervous
system.
a layer of fatty tissue that
encases the fibers of many
neurons.
an antagonist molecule that
blocks neurotransmitter receptor
sites.
the extension of a neuron that
carries messages away from the
cell body.

11.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)

The longest part of a motor

neuron is likely to be the
dendrite.
axon.
cell body.
synapse.

In transmitting sensory
information to the brain, an
12.
electrical signal travels from the
________ of a single neuron.
dendrites to the axon to the cell
body
axon to the cell body to the
dendrites

dendrites to the cell body to the

axon
axon to the dendrites to the cell
body

C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The speed at which a neural

13. impulse travels is increased
when the axon is encased by a(n)
association area.
myelin sheath.
glial cell.
synaptic vesicle.

14.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A brief electrical charge that

15. travels down the axon of a
neuron is called the
synapse.
agonist.
action potential.
refractory period.

16.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)

Degeneration of the myelin

sheath results in
neurogenesis.
multiple sclerosis.
the fight-or-flight response.
a reward deficiency syndrome.

An action potential is generated

by the movement of
glial cells.
hormones.
ventricles.
ions.

The resting potential of an axon

17. results from the fact that an axon
membrane is
encased by a myelin sheath.

B)

selectively permeable.
sensitive to neurotransmitter
molecules.
part of a larger neural network.

C)
D)

18.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

With regard to the process of

neural transmission, a refractory
19.
period refers to a time interval in
which
a neuron fires more rapidly than
usual.
an electrical charge travels from
a sensory neuron to a motor
neuron.
positively charged ions are
pumped back outside a neural
membrane.
an individual reflexively
withdraws from a pain stimulus.

The minimum level of stimulation

20. required to trigger a neural
impulse is called the
reflex.
threshold.
synapse.
action potential.

21.
A)
B)
C)

The depolarization of a neural

membrane can create a(n)
action potential.
myelin sheath.
neural network.
interneuron.

Neural stimulation that exceeds a

threshold triggers
a fight-or-flight response.
a refractory period.
an action potential.

D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)

neurogenesis.

Increasing excitatory signals

above the threshold for neural
activation will not affect the
22.
intensity of an action potential.
This indicates that a neuron's
reaction is
inhibited by the myelin sheath.
delayed by the refractory period.
an all-or-none response.
dependent on neurotransmitter
molecules.

A slap on the back is more

23. painful than a pat on the back
because a slap triggers
the release of endorphins.
more intense neural impulses.
the release of GABA.
more neurons to fire, and to fire
more often.

Sir Charles Sherrington observed

that impulses took an
unexpectedly long time to travel
24.
a neural pathway. His
observation provided evidence
for the existence of
association areas.
synaptic gaps.
interneurons.
neural networks.

25. A synapse is a(n)

chemical messenger that triggers
muscle contractions.
automatic response to sensory
input.
junction between a sending

neuron and a receiving neuron.

neural cable containing many
axons.

D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The chemical messengers

released into the spatial
26.
junctions between neurons are
called
hormones.
neurotransmitters.
synapses.
genes.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Neurotransmitters are released

27. from vesicles located on knoblike
terminals at the end of the
dendrites.
cell body.
axon.
myelin sheath.

A)
B)
C)
D)

28. Reuptake refers to the

movement of neurotransmitter
molecules across a synaptic gap.
release of hormones into the
bloodstream.
inflow of positively charged ions
through an axon membrane.
reabsorption of excess
neurotransmitter molecules by a
sending neuron.

29.
A)
B)
C)
D)

Acetylcholine is a
neurotransmitter that
causes sleepiness.
lessens physical pain.
reduces depressed moods.
triggers muscle contractions.

A)
B)
C)
D)

30. Endorphins are

neurotransmitters.
sex hormones.
endocrine glands.
glial cells.

31.
A)
B)
C)
D)

Opiate drugs occupy the same

receptor sites as
serotonin.
endorphins.
dopamine.
epinephrine.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Jos has just played a long,

bruising football game but feels
32. little fatigue or discomfort. His
lack of pain is most likely caused
by the release of
glutamate.
dopamine.
acetylcholine.
endorphins.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Alzheimer's disease is most

33. closely linked to the deterioration
of neurons that produce
dopamine.
acetylcholine.
epinephrine.
endorphins.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Schizophrenia is most closely

34. linked with excess receptor
activity for the neurotransmitter
dopamine.
epinephrine.
acetylcholine.
serotonin.

35.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

An undersupply of the major

inhibitory neurotransmitter
36.
known as ________ is linked to
seizures.
glutamate
GABA
serotonin
ACh

37.
A)
B)
C)
D)

38.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)

An undersupply of serotonin is
most closely linked to
Alzheimer's disease.
schizophrenia.
Parkinson's disease.
depression.

Migraines are most closely linked

with an
oversupply of GABA.
undersupply of serotonin.
oversupply of glutamate.
undersupply of acetylcholine.

The body's natural production of

endorphins is likely to be
increased by heroin use and
increased by vigorous exercise.
decreased by heroin use and
decreased by vigorous exercise.
increased by heroin use and
decreased by vigorous exercise.
decreased by heroin use and
increased by vigorous exercise.

Jason's intensely uncomfortable

withdrawal symptoms following
39. heroin use were probably due in
part to a reduction in his body's
normal production of
dopamine.

B)
C)
D)

epinephrine.
acetylcholine.
endorphins.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A drug that mimics the effects of

40. a particular neurotransmitter is
called a(n)
glutamate.
steroid.
agonist.
opiate.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Endorphin agonists are likely to

_______ one's immediate pain,
41. and endorphin antagonists are
likely to _______ one's immediate
pain.
decrease; increase
increase; decrease
increase; increase
decrease; decrease

A)
B)
C)
D)

Botulin poisoning from

improperly canned food causes
42.
paralysis by blocking the release
of
endorphins.
epinephrine.
acetylcholine.
dopamine.

43.
A)
B)
C)
D)

Curare is a paralyzing poison that

functions as a(n)
ACh agonist.
GABA agonist.
ACh antagonist.
GABA antagonist.

44. The two major divisions of the

nervous system are the central

and the ________ nervous
systems.
autonomic
sympathetic
somatic
peripheral

A)
B)
C)
D)

45.
A)
B)
C)
D)

The central nervous system

consists of
sensory and motor neurons.
somatic and autonomic systems.
the brain and the spinal cord.
sympathetic and
parasympathetic branches.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Messages are transmitted from

your spinal cord to muscles in
46.
your hands by the ________
nervous system.
peripheral
parasympathetic
sympathetic
autonomic

A)
B)
C)
D)

Information travels through

47. axons that are bundled into the
cables that we call
interneurons.
action potentials.
nerves.
association areas.

A)
B)
C)

You feel the pain of a sprained

ankle when ________ relay(s)
48.
messages from your ankle to
your central nervous system.
the limbic system
interneurons
motor neurons

D)

sensory neurons

49.
A)
B)
C)
D)

50.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

Neurons that function within the

brain and spinal cord are called
sensory neurons.
interneurons.
glial cells.
motor neurons.

Central nervous system neurons

that process information between
51.
sensory inputs and motor
outputs are called
neurotransmitters.
interneurons.
synapses.
dendrites.

52.
A)
B)
C)
D)

Sensory neurons are located in

the
thalamus.
reticular formation.
peripheral nervous system.
sensory cortex.

The vast majority of neurons in

the body's nervous system are
glands.
interneurons.
motor neurons.
sensory neurons.

Information is carried from the

53. central nervous system to the
body's tissues by
interneurons.
sensory neurons.
motor neurons.
the limbic system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Some neurons enable you to

grasp objects by relaying
54. outgoing messages to the
muscles in your arms and hands.
These neurons are called
glial cells.
sensory neurons.
neural prosthetics.
motor neurons.

A)
B)
C)
D)

55. Motor neurons transmit signals to

glands.
interneurons.
sensory neurons.
all of these parts.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The two divisions of the

56. peripheral nervous system are
the
brain and spinal cord.
cerebrum and cerebellum.
limbic system and endocrine
system.
somatic nervous system and the
autonomic nervous system.

The somatic nervous system is a

57. component of the ________
nervous system.
peripheral
central
sympathetic
parasympathetic

The part of the peripheral

nervous system that controls the
58.
glands and the muscles of the
internal organs is called the

A)
B)
C)
D)

somatic nervous system.

reticular formation.
limbic system.
autonomic nervous system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Messages are transmitted from

59. your spinal cord to your heart
muscles by the
limbic system.
somatic nervous system.
central nervous system.
autonomic nervous system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which division of the autonomic

nervous system arouses the body
60.
and mobilizes its energy in
stressful situations?
the limbic system
the sympathetic nervous system
the somatic nervous system
the central nervous system

A)
B)
C)
D)

You come home one night to find

a burglar in your house. Your
61. heart starts racing and you begin
to perspire. These physical
reactions are triggered by the
somatic nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system.
parasympathetic nervous
system.
sensory cortex.

62.
A)
B)
C)

The parasympathetic nervous

system
stimulates digestion and slows
heartbeat.
inhibits digestion and accelerates
heartbeat.
stimulates digestion and

D)

accelerates heartbeat.
inhibits digestion and slows
heartbeat.

B)
C)
D)

After discovering that the

shadows outside his window
were only the trees in the yard,
63. Ralph's blood pressure decreased
and his heartbeat slowed. These
physical reactions were most
directly regulated by his
parasympathetic nervous
system.
sympathetic nervous system.
somatic nervous system.
hippocampus.

A)
B)
C)
D)

An accelerated heartbeat is to a
slowed heartbeat as the ________
64.
nervous system is to the ________
nervous system.
somatic; autonomic
autonomic; somatic
sympathetic; parasympathetic
parasympathetic; sympathetic

A)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)

65. Neural networks refer to

the branching extensions of a
neuron.
interrelated clusters of neurons
in the central nervous system.
neural cables containing many
axons.
junctions between sending and
receiving neurons.

The strengthening of synaptic

66. connections facilitates the
formation of
interneurons.

B)
C)
D)

endorphins.
neural networks.
glial cells.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A football quarterback can

simultaneously make calculations
of receiver distances, player
67.
movements, and gravitational
forces. This best illustrates the
activity of multiple
endocrine glands.
endorphin agonists.
neural networks.
reticular formations.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The part of the central nervous

system that carries information
68. from your senses to your brain
and motor-control information to
your body parts is the
pituitary gland.
pancreas.
spinal cord.
reticular formation.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A simple, automatic, inborn

69. response to a sensory stimulus is
called a(n)
neural network.
action potential.
neurotransmitter.
reflex.

70.
A)
B)
C)
D)

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled

by interneurons in the
limbic system.
spinal cord.
brainstem.
cerebellum.

A)
B)
C)
D)

In a tragic diving accident,

Andrew damaged his spinal cord.
71. As a result, his legs were
paralyzed. Andrew's injury was
located in his
somatic nervous system.
limbic system.
sympathetic nervous system.
central nervous system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Aaron consistently exhibits a

knee-jerk response without
72. having any sensations of the taps
on his knees. Aaron's experience
is most indicative of a
split brain.
severed spinal cord.
hemispherectomy.
reward deficiency syndrome.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Hormones, the chemical

messengers of the endocrine
73.
system, travel through the
bloodstream to affect other
axons.
tissues.
synapses.
neurons.

74.
A)
B)
C)
D)

75.
A)

Endocrine glands secrete

hormones directly into
synaptic gaps.
the bloodstream.
the limbic system.
sensory neurons.

The ovaries in females and the

testes in males are part of the
limbic system.

B)
C)
D)

endocrine system.
sympathetic nervous system.
central nervous system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

If a professor accused you of

cheating on a test, your adrenal
76.
glands would probably release
________ into your bloodstream.
endorphins
acetylcholine
epinephrine
insulin

A)
B)
C)
D)

The release of hormones by the

77. adrenal glands is most likely to
trigger
a reduction of blood pressure.
the fight-or-flight response.
a reward deficiency syndrome.
neurogenesis.

78.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The master gland of the

endocrine system is the
thyroid gland.
adrenal gland.
pituitary gland.
pancreas.

At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc

was less than 4 feet tall. Her
79. short stature was probably
influenced by the lack of a
growth hormone produced by the
pancreas.
thyroid.
adrenal gland.
pituitary gland.

80. During a laboratory game, those

given a nasal squirt of ________

rather than a placebo were more
likely to trust strangers with their
money.
epinephrine
oxytocin
dopamine
serotonin

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

81. Oxytocin is secreted by the

pancreas.
thyroid gland.
pituitary gland.
adrenal gland.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The hypothalamus influences the

82. ________ to send messages to the
________.
cerebellum; amygdala
pituitary; endocrine glands
motor neurons; sensory neurons
thalamus; angular gyrus

83.
A)
B)
C)
D)

84.
A)
B)
C)
D)

The release of cortisol into the

bloodstream is most likely to
increase blood sugar.
lower blood pressure.
stimulate digestion.
decrease perspiration.

Surgical destruction of brain

tissue is called a(n)
EEG.
synapse.
lesion.
MRI.

85. An amplified recording of the

waves of electrical activity that

A)
B)
C)
D)

sweep across the surface of the

brain is called a(n)
fMRI.
EEG.
PET scan.
MRI.

A)
B)
C)
D)

To identify which of Lucy's brain

areas was most active when she
86. talked, neuroscientists gave her
a temporarily radioactive form of
glucose and a(n)
hemispherectomy.
PET scan.
EEG.
MRI scan.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The best way to detect enlarged

fluid-filled brain regions in some
87.
patients who have schizophrenia
is to use a(n)
EEG.
MRI.
PET scan.
brain lesion.

A)
B)
C)
D)

MRI scans have revealed that

88. some patients with schizophrenia
have unusually enlarged
glial cells.
ventricles.
sensory neurons.
association areas.

A)

To identify which specific brain

areas are most active during a
89. particular mental task,
researchers would be most likely
to make use of a(n)
fMRI.

B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

hemispherectomy.
ACh agonist.
brain lesion.

The sequence of brain regions

90. from the evolutionarily oldest to
newest is
limbic system, brainstem,
cerebral cortex.
brainstem, cerebral cortex, limbic
system.
limbic system, cerebral cortex,
brainstem.
brainstem, limbic system,
cerebral cortex.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The part of the brainstem that

91. controls heartbeat and breathing
is called the
cerebellum.
medulla.
amygdala.
thalamus.

A)
B)
C)
D)

If your ________ is destroyed, the

left side of your brain could not
92.
control the movements of your
right hand.
brainstem
hippocampus
amygdala
corpus callosum

A)
B)
C)
D)

The part of the brainstem that

93. helps to coordinate movements
is called the
nucleus accumbens.
corpus callosum.
amygdala.
pons.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which brain structure receives

94. information from all the senses
except smell?
hippocampus
amygdala
pons
thalamus

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which brain structure relays

95. information from the eyes to the
visual cortex?
thalamus
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum

A)
B)
C)
D)

Information from higher brain

96. regions is transmitted to the
medulla through the
corpus callosum.
hippocampus.
amygdala.
thalamus.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The reticular formation is located

in the
brainstem.
limbic system.
sensory cortex.
cerebellum.

A)
B)
C)

Which region of your brainstem

plays a role in arousing you to a
98.
state of alertness when someone
nearby mentions your name?
reticular formation
cerebellum
amygdala

97.

D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

medulla

Severing a cat's
reticular
formation from
99.
higher brain
regions causes
the cat to
become
violently
aggressive.
cower in fear.
experience
convulsive
seizures.
lapse into a
coma.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The little brain attached to the

100. rear of the brainstem is called
the
limbic system.
corpus callosum.
cerebellum.
reticular formation.

A)
B)
C)
D)

In addition to coordinating
voluntary movement, the
101.
________ enables nonverbal
learning and memory.
amygdala
cerebellum
pituitary gland
nucleus accumbens

A)
B)

After Kato's serious motorcycle

accident, doctors detected
102.
damage to his cerebellum. Kato
is most likely to have difficulty
reading printed words.
understanding what others are

C)
D)

saying.
tasting the flavors of foods.
playing his guitar.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Conscious information processing

is LEAST likely to be required for
103.
the automatic physical survival
functions regulated by the
hippocampus.
sensory cortex.
brainstem.
frontal lobes.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A neural system at the border of

104. the brainstem and the cerebral
hemispheres is known as the
sensory cortex.
limbic system.
reticular formation.
peripheral nervous system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which part of the limbic system

105. plays an essential role in the
processing of new memories?
hypothalamus
thalamus
hippocampus
medulla

A)
B)
C)
D)

The amygdala consists of

106. emotion-linked neural clusters in
the
frontal lobes.
reticular formation.
limbic system.
association areas.

107. To demonstrate that brain

stimulation can make a rat

A)
B)
C)
D)

violently aggressive, a
neuroscientist should electrically
stimulate the rat's
reticular formation.
cerebellum.
medulla.
amygdala.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which limbic system structure

108. regulates thirst and body
temperature?
medulla
amygdala
hippocampus
hypothalamus

A)
B)
C)
D)

A brain tumor caused extensive

damage to Mr. Thorndike's
109.
hypothalamus. It is most likely
that he may suffer a loss of
visual perception.
muscular coordination.
sexual motivation.
language comprehension.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The brain structure that provides

a major link between the nervous
110.
system and the endocrine
system is the
cerebellum.
amygdala.
reticular formation.
hypothalamus.

A)
B)

James Olds and Peter Milner

111. located reward centers in the
brain structure known as the
hypothalamus.
cerebellum.

C)
D)

medulla.
amygdala.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A limbic system reward center

112. located in front of the
hypothalamus is called the
cerebellum.
reticular formation.
corpus callosum.
nucleus accumbens.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Research participants preferred

specific vacation destinations
they had simply imagined
113. themselves experiencing if the
imagination process followed
consumption of a drug that
increased levels of
cortisol.
dopamine.
ACh.
GABA.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Addictive disorders may stem

114. from malfunctioning reward
centers in the
thalamus.
cerebellum.
reticular formation.
limbic system.

115.
A)
B)
C)
D)

About 85 percent of human brain

weight comes from the
medulla.
cerebrum.
thalamus.
reticular formation.

116. The cerebral cortex is the

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

covering layer of the

brainstem.
corpus callosum.
amygdala.
cerebrum.

Your conscious awareness of your

own name and self-identity
117.
depends primarily on the normal
functioning of your
cerebellum.
amygdala.
hypothalamus.
cerebral cortex.

118. One function of glial cells is to

control heartbeat and breathing.
mimic the effects of
neurotransmitters.
provide nutrients to interneurons.
stimulate the production of
hormones.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which lobes of the brain receive

119. the input that enables you to feel
someone scratching your back?
parietal
temporal
occipital
frontal

A)
B)
C)
D)

The surgical removal of a large

tumor from Dane's occipital lobe
120. resulted in extensive loss of brain
tissue. Dane is most likely to
suffer some loss of
muscular coordination.
visual perception.
speaking ability.
pain sensations.

121.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The occipital lobes are to ________

122. as the temporal lobes are to
________.
hearing; sensing movement
seeing; sensing touch
seeing; hearing
speaking; hearing

123.
A)
B)
C)
D)

Auditory stimulation is first

processed in the ________ lobes.
occipital
temporal
frontal
parietal

The motor cortex is located in

the ________ lobes.
occipital
temporal
frontal
parietal

A)
B)
C)
D)

A laboratory cat could be made

to twitch its whiskers by direct
124.
stimulation of the ________ lobes
of its cerebral cortex.
temporal
occipital
frontal
parietal

A)
B)
C)

Which of the following body parts

is associated with the greatest
125.
amount of brain tissue in the
motor cortex?
arms
face
trunk

D)

knees

A)
B)
C)
D)

In a clinical trial of a braincomputer interface with

paralyzed humans, a 25-year-old
126.
man constructed shapes on a
computer screen by activating
neurons in his
hypothalamus.
cerebellum.
motor cortex.
amygdala.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Using a brain-computer interface,

some paralyzed people may be
127. able to move a robotic limb
simply by thinking about moving
it. This best illustrates
neurogenesis.
constraint-induced therapy.
cognitive neural prosthetics.
magnetic resonance imaging.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The sensory cortex is most

critical for our sense of
sight.
hearing.
touch.
smell.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which part of your brain receives

129. information that you are moving
your legs?
amygdala
motor cortex
sensory cortex
hypothalamus

128.

130. Which of the following body parts

A)
B)
C)
D)

is associated with the greatest

amount of brain tissue in the
sensory cortex?
toes
knees
neck
lips

A)
B)
C)
D)

The auditory hallucinations

experienced by people with
131. schizophrenia are most closely
linked with the activation of
areas in their
motor cortex.
amygdala.
temporal lobes.
hypothalamus.

132.
A)
B)
C)
D)

The association areas are located

in the
brainstem.
thalamus.
limbic system.
cerebral cortex.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The most extensive regions of

the brain are involved in higher
133. mental functions such as
memory and reasoning. These
regions are called the
reticular formation.
medulla.
cerebellum.
association areas.

A)
B)

The process of anticipating that

134. you will be punished for
misbehaving takes place in the
sensory cortex.
reticular formation.

C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

association areas.
sympathetic nervous system.

After he suffered a stroke, Mr.

Santore's physical coordination
skills and responsiveness to
sensory stimulation quickly
returned to normal.
135.
Unfortunately, however, he could
no longer figure out how to find
his way around his neighborhood.
It is most likely that Mr. Santore
suffered damage to his
cerebellum.
thalamus.
hypothalamus.
association areas.

B)
C)
D)

The classic case of railroad

worker Phineas Gage best
136.
illustrated that frontal lobe
damage can
prevent reward deficiency
syndrome.
enhance moral reasoning skills.
alter one's personality.
facilitate neurogenesis.

A)
B)
C)
D)

People's moral judgments are

most likely to seem unrestrained
137.
by normal emotions if they have
suffered damage to their
cerebellum.
sensory cortex.
corpus callosum.
frontal cortex.

A)

138. Mathematical and reasoning

capacities are especially likely to
be linked with association areas

in the
parietal lobes.
temporal lobes.
occipital lobes.
frontal lobes.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The inability to recognize familiar

faces even though one can
139. clearly see and describe features
of the faces is associated with
damage to the ________ lobes.
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

A)
B)
C)
\D)

The capacity of a brain area to

140. reorganize in response to
damage is known as brain
tomography.
phrenology.
resonance.
plasticity.

85.
A)
B)
C)
D)

86.

An amplified recording of
the waves of electrical
activity that sweep across
the surface of the brain is
called a(n)
fMRI.
EEG.
PET scan.
MRI.

To identify which of Lucy's

brain areas was most
active when she talked,
neuroscientists gave her a
temporarily radioactive

A)
B)
C)
D)

form of glucose and a(n)

hemispherectomy.
PET scan.
EEG.
MRI scan.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The best way to detect

enlarged fluid-filled brain
regions in some patients
who have schizophrenia is
to use a(n)
EEG.
MRI.
PET scan.
brain lesion.

A)
B)
C)
D)

MRI scans have revealed

that some patients with
schizophrenia have
unusually enlarged
glial cells.
ventricles.
sensory neurons.
association areas.

A)
B)
C)
D)

To identify which specific

brain areas are most active
during a particular mental
task, researchers would be
most likely to make use of
a(n)
fMRI.
hemispherectomy.
ACh agonist.
brain lesion.

87.

88.

89.

90.

The sequence of brain

regions from the
evolutionarily oldest to
newest is

limbic system, brainstem,

cerebral cortex.
brainstem, cerebral cortex,
limbic system.
limbic system, cerebral
cortex, brainstem.
brainstem, limbic system,
cerebral cortex.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The part of the brainstem

that controls heartbeat and
breathing is called the
cerebellum.
medulla.
amygdala.
thalamus.

A)
B)
C)
D)

If your ________ is
destroyed, the left side of
your brain could not control
the movements of your
right hand.
brainstem
hippocampus
amygdala
corpus callosum

91.

92.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The part of the brainstem

that helps to coordinate
movements is called the
nucleus accumbens.
corpus callosum.
amygdala.
pons.

A)

Which brain structure

receives information from
all the senses except
smell?
hippocampus

93.

94.

B)
C)
D)

amygdala
pons
thalamus

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which brain structure

relays information from the
eyes to the visual cortex?
thalamus
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum

A)
B)
C)
D)

Information from higher

brain regions is transmitted
to the medulla through the
corpus callosum.
hippocampus.
amygdala.
thalamus.

95.

96.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The reticular formation is

located in the
brainstem.
limbic system.
sensory cortex.
cerebellum.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which region of your

brainstem plays a role in
arousing you to a state of
alertness when someone
nearby mentions your
name?
reticular formation
cerebellum
amygdala
medulla

97.

98.

99.

Severing a cat's reticular formation

A)
B)
C)
D)

from higher brain regions causes the

cat to
become violently aggressive.
cower in fear.
experience convulsive seizures.
lapse into a
coma.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The little brain attached

to the rear of the brainstem
is called the
limbic system.
corpus callosum.
cerebellum.
reticular formation.

A)
B)
C)
D)

In addition to coordinating
voluntary movement, the
________ enables nonverbal
learning and memory.
amygdala
cerebellum
pituitary gland
nucleus accumbens

100.

101.

102.

A)
B)
C)
D)

103.

After Kato's serious

motorcycle accident,
doctors detected damage
to his cerebellum. Kato is
most likely to have
difficulty
reading printed words.
understanding what others
are saying.
tasting the flavors of foods.
playing his guitar.

Conscious information
processing is LEAST likely
to be required for the
automatic physical survival

A)
B)
C)
D)

functions regulated by the

hippocampus.
sensory cortex.
brainstem.
frontal lobes.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A neural system at the

border of the brainstem
and the cerebral
hemispheres is known as
the
sensory cortex.
limbic system.
reticular formation.
peripheral nervous system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which part of the limbic

system plays an essential
role in the processing of
new memories?
hypothalamus
thalamus
hippocampus
medulla

A)
B)
C)
D)

The amygdala consists of

emotion-linked neural
clusters in the
frontal lobes.
reticular formation.
limbic system.
association areas.

A)

To demonstrate that brain

stimulation can make a rat
violently aggressive, a
neuroscientist should
electrically stimulate the
rat's
reticular formation.

104.

105.

106.

107.

B)
C)
D)

cerebellum.
medulla.
amygdala.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which limbic system

structure regulates thirst
and body temperature?
medulla
amygdala
hippocampus
hypothalamus

A)
B)
C)
D)

A brain tumor caused

extensive damage to Mr.
Thorndike's hypothalamus.
It is most likely that he may
suffer a loss of
visual perception.
muscular coordination.
sexual motivation.
language comprehension.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The brain structure that

provides a major link
between the nervous
system and the endocrine
system is the
cerebellum.
amygdala.
reticular formation.
hypothalamus.

A)
B)
C)

James Olds and Peter

Milner located reward
centers in the brain
structure known as the
hypothalamus.
cerebellum.
medulla.

108.

109.

110.

111.

D)

amygdala.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A limbic system reward

center located in front of
the hypothalamus is called
the
cerebellum.
reticular formation.
corpus callosum.
nucleus accumbens.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Research participants
preferred specific vacation
destinations they had
simply imagined
themselves experiencing if
the imagination process
followed consumption of a
drug that increased levels
of
cortisol.
dopamine.
ACh.
GABA.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Addictive disorders may

stem from malfunctioning
reward centers in the
thalamus.
cerebellum.
reticular formation.
limbic system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

About 85 percent of human

brain weight comes from
the
medulla.
cerebrum.
thalamus.
reticular formation.

112.

113.

114.

115.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The cerebral cortex is the

covering layer of the
brainstem.
corpus callosum.
amygdala.
cerebrum.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Your conscious awareness

of your own name and selfidentity depends primarily
on the normal functioning
of your
cerebellum.
amygdala.
hypothalamus.
cerebral cortex.

116.

117.

118.
A)
B)
C)
D)

119.
A)
B)
C)
D)

One function of glial cells is

to
control heartbeat and
breathing.
mimic the effects of
neurotransmitters.
provide nutrients to
interneurons.
stimulate the production of
hormones.

Which lobes of the brain

receive the input that
enables you to feel
someone scratching your
back?
parietal
temporal
occipital
frontal

A)
B)
C)
D)

The surgical removal of a

large tumor from Dane's
occipital lobe resulted in
extensive loss of brain
tissue. Dane is most likely
to suffer some loss of
muscular coordination.
visual perception.
speaking ability.
pain sensations.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Auditory stimulation is first

processed in the ________
lobes.
occipital
temporal
frontal
parietal

120.

121.

122.
A)
B)
C)
D)

123.
A)
B)
C)
D)

124.

The occipital lobes are to

________ as the temporal
lobes are to ________.
hearing; sensing
movement
seeing; sensing touch
seeing; hearing
speaking; hearing

The motor cortex is located

in the ________ lobes.
occipital
temporal
frontal
parietal

A laboratory cat could be

made to twitch its whiskers
by direct stimulation of the
________ lobes of its
cerebral cortex.

A)
B)
C)
D)

temporal
occipital
frontal
parietal

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which of the following body

parts is associated with the
greatest amount of brain
tissue in the motor cortex?
arms
face
trunk
knees

A)
B)
C)
D)

In a clinical trial of a braincomputer interface with

paralyzed humans, a 25year-old man constructed
shapes on a computer
screen by activating
neurons in his
hypothalamus.
cerebellum.
motor cortex.
amygdala.

125.

126.

127.

A)
B)
C)
D)

128.

Using a brain-computer
interface, some paralyzed
people may be able to
move a robotic limb simply
by thinking about moving
it. This best illustrates
neurogenesis.
constraint-induced therapy.
cognitive neural
prosthetics.
magnetic resonance
imaging.

The sensory cortex is most

critical for our sense of

sight.
hearing.
touch.
smell.

A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which part of your brain

receives information that
you are moving your legs?
amygdala
motor cortex
sensory cortex
hypothalamus

A)
B)
C)
D)

Which of the following body

parts is associated with the
greatest amount of brain
tissue in the sensory
cortex?
toes
knees
neck
lips

A)
B)
C)
D)

The auditory hallucinations

experienced by people with
schizophrenia are most
closely linked with the
activation of areas in their
motor cortex.
amygdala.
temporal lobes.
hypothalamus.

129.

130.

131.

132.
A)
B)
C)
D)

The association areas are

located in the
brainstem.
thalamus.
limbic system.
cerebral cortex.

133.

A)
B)
C)
D)

134.
A)
B)
C)
D)

135.

A)
B)
C)
D)

136.

The most extensive regions

of the brain are involved in
higher mental functions
such as memory and
reasoning. These regions
are called the
reticular formation.
medulla.
cerebellum.
association areas.

The process of anticipating

that you will be punished
for misbehaving takes
place in the
sensory cortex.
reticular formation.
association areas.
sympathetic nervous
system.

After he suffered a stroke,

Mr. Santore's physical
coordination skills and
responsiveness to sensory
stimulation quickly
returned to normal.
Unfortunately, however, he
could no longer figure out
how to find his way around
his neighborhood. It is most
likely that Mr. Santore
suffered damage to his
cerebellum.
thalamus.
hypothalamus.
association areas.

The classic case of railroad

C)
D)

worker Phineas Gage best

illustrated that frontal lobe
damage can
prevent reward deficiency
syndrome.
enhance moral reasoning
skills.
alter one's personality.
facilitate neurogenesis.

A)
B)
C)
D)

People's moral judgments

are most likely to seem
unrestrained by normal
emotions if they have
suffered damage to their
cerebellum.
sensory cortex.
corpus callosum.
frontal cortex.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Mathematical and
reasoning capacities are
especially likely to be
linked with association
areas in the
parietal lobes.
temporal lobes.
occipital lobes.
frontal lobes.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The inability to recognize

familiar faces even though
one can clearly see and
describe features of the
faces is associated with
damage to the ________
lobes.
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

A)
B)

137.

138.

139.

The capacity of a brain

area to reorganize in
response to damage is
known as brain
tomography.
phrenology.
resonance.
plasticity.

140.
A)
B)
C)
\D)

A)

By restraining the use of his left

hand, doctors helped Bruce to
use and improve the coordination
141.
skills of his right hand. The
doctors employed a
technique known as
cognitive neural prosthetics.
hemispherecto
my.
positron emission tomography.
constraint-induced therapy.

B)
C)
D)

142.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

Brain plasticity may contribute to

the effectiveness of
phrenology.
electroencephalograms.
constraint-induced therapy.
magnetic resonance imaging.

The visual cortex is activated

143. when blind people read Braille.
This best illustrates
plasticity.
cognitive neural prosthetics.
hemispherectomy.
phrenology.

144.
A)
B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The benefits of brain plasticity

are most clearly demonstrated in
children who have had a cerebral
hemisphere surgically removed.
people paralyzed by a severed
spinal cord.
individuals with Alzheimer's
disease.
split-brain patients.

A person whose hand had been

amputated actually felt
sensations on his nonexistent
145.
fingers when his arm was
stroked. This best illustrates the
consequences of
tomography.
brain plasticity.
lateralization.
cognitive neural prosthetics.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The process of forming new

neurons within the brain is called
reticular formation.
hemispherectomy.
neurogenesis.
tomography.

A)
B)
C)
D)

The localization of a function

such as speech production to
147.
either the right or the left
hemisphere of the brain is called
neurogenesis.
lateralization.
hemispherectomy.
plasticity.

146.

148. Damage to the left cerebral

hemisphere is most likely to

reduce people's ability to
solve arithmetic problems.
copy drawings.
recognize faces.
recognize familiar melodies.

A)
B)
C)
D)

149.
A)
B)
C)
D)

The corpus callosum is a wide

band of axon fibers that
enables the left hemisphere to
control the right side of the body.
transmits information between
the cerebral hemispheres.
controls the glands and muscles
of the internal organs.
transfers neural impulses from
the CNS to the PNS.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Those whose corpus callosum is

150. surgically severed are said to be
patients with
brain plasticity.
phrenology.
neurogenesis.
split brains.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Neurosurgeons have severed the

151. corpus callosum in human
patients in order to reduce
Alzheimer's disease.
epileptic seizures.
neural plasticity.
reward deficiency syndrome.

A)
B)

Optic nerves transmit

information from the ________
152.
visual field of ________ to the left
cerebral hemisphere.
left; only the left eye
right; only the right eye

C)
D)

left; only the right eye

right; both the right and left eyes

A)

A picture of a dog is briefly

flashed in the left visual field of a
split-brain patient. At the same
153. time a picture of a boy is flashed
in the right visual field. In
identifying what she saw, the
patient would be most likely to
use her left hand to point to a
picture of a dog.
verbally report that she saw a
dog.
use her left hand to point to a
picture of a boy.
verbally report that she saw a
boy.

B)
C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

The ability to simultaneously

copy different figures with the
154. right and left hand is most
characteristic of those whose
________ has been cut.
angular gyrus
reticular formation
corpus callosum
motor cortex

A)
B)
C)
D)

When a person speaks, brain

waves and bloodflow are
155.
especially likely to reveal
increased activity in the
hypothalamus.
left hemisphere.
amygdala.
right hemisphere.

156.

Deaf people who use sign

language typically

demonstrate greater
mathematical competence than
hearing persons.
process language in their left
cerebral hemisphere.
have better communication skills
than hearing persons.
have a smaller corpus callosum
than hearing persons.

A)
B)
C)
D)

C)
D)

People who suffer partial

paralysis will sometimes
157. obstinately claim they can move
a paralyzed limb if they have
suffered damage to the
right cerebral hemisphere.
parasympathetic nervous
system.
left cerebral hemisphere.
sympathetic nervous system.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Left handedness is ________

common among males than
females, and in both right- and
158.
left-handers the left hemisphere
tends to be slightly ________ than
the right hemisphere.
less; smaller
less; larger
more; smaller
more; larger

A)
B)

159.
A)
B)
C)

Compared with right-handers,

left-handers are
more likely to experience
migraine headaches and less
likely to suffer from allergies.
less likely to experience migraine
headaches and more likely to
suffer from allergies.
more likely to experience

D)

migraine headaches and more

likely to suffer from allergies.
less likely to experience migraine
headaches and less likely to
suffer from allergies.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Left-handedness is ________
common than usual among
160. mathematicians and ________
common than usual among
artists.
less; more
less; less
more; less
more; more

A)
B)
C)
D)

In Roger Sperry's view, the brain

creates and controls the mind,
161. which in turn influences the
brain. Sperry understands the
mind and brain as a
cognitive neural prosthetic.
holistic system.
reward center.
complex machine.

Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.

A
D
C
D
B
A
C
C
A
D
B
C
B
B
C
D
B
A
C
B
C
C
D
B
C
B
C
D
D
A
B
D
B
A
D
B
C
D
D
C
A

42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.

C
C
D
C
A
C
D
C
B
B
B
C
D
A
D
A
D
D
B
B
A
A
C
B
C
C
C
D
B
D
B
B
B
B
C
B
C
D
B
C
B
A
C

85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.

B
B
B
B
A
D
B
A
D
D
A
D
A
A
D
C
B
D
C
B
C
C
D
D
C
D
A
D
B
D
B
D
D
C
A
B
B
C
C
C
B
C
C

128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.

C
C
D
C
D
D
C
D
C
D
A
D
D
D
C
A
A
B
C
B
A
B
D
B
D
D
C
B
B
A
D
C
D
B