—— ‘the Calsdoninn orugeny occurred during the Tipp: Sequence, sve discuss i in the next chapter becaute ntimately related tothe Devonian Acadian orogeny. —— ms ‘S1e0HBHE age rocks contain a variety of important inching sand and gravel fer cnsinc ullig ston, and Iunestone wed in We anata Se Unported acerca ect tal lesa ee o: Cambrian Jonian Sandstone of Minnesots and iin the Lover Slurtan TuceuroraSandetons a Pen ‘hand Virginia, and the Middle Ordovician St. eter one, Theale the haa sandstone ofthe Thppecie te (gure 10.8), occurs in several tate but the bst- ‘eso production isin LaSalle County Tinos cx sand has several uses, cluding the manufacture Setinctry bricks for bast furnaces, ad olds for iron, aluminum, and copper alloys. Some ilea amary 04 summarizes the ty Bete geologtc history won ead mobil belle axel oe rons oes eel canages dnd jor Svtalenney ‘continents conse of fo-major components: a la iy stable craton over which epeiic seas trangrennel eile called fydranlic fracturing wandevare poraped in ‘wells to frastare olor ges bearing rocks and provide per reable passageways for theo or gusto migrate to the Wel Thick deposite of Siinrian evaparites, mostly ack 53 (NaC) and rock eypsum (CaSO,/211,0) altered to roe anlhydrite (C280. ), underlie parts bf Michigan, Ohio, Ne York, and adjacent areas in Ontario, Canada. These racks az important scurces of various sali. In addition, barvier an Pinnacle reefs in carbonate racks associated with these evapo tiles are the reservoirs foro and gas is Michigan and Obs, hhe host rocks for deposits of lead and rine in south ‘east Missout are Cambrian dlasiones, although som ‘Ordovician rocks contain these metals as well, Thes lepoaits have been minted slace 1720 but have been longel Uepluted. Now most Iced und eine onined te Missour ‘comes from Meseeippian-age escimontary rocks: “The Silurian Clinton Enrmation craps nul from Alabam north to New York, and equivalent racks are found in New ouridland, This foemation has been mined for irom in man places. nthe United States, the richest ores and most exten sive mining occurred near Birmingham, Alabama, but only small amount of ore is currently prockcod im that see, » Doring the Ordovician and Saran, pte movements resulted n a ehanging podal ography. Gondwana monet southward and began to cross the South Poles inated b Upper Osdovicia lite deposits: the miszocontinent Avale ia separate ros Gondae dung the Ensly Ordevicina tnd collided with alkica during the Late Ordovician arly lula Baza alana th the nsthatachad Ava sig coo{misroplats and terranes sso played an ampertant roe ia formation ofPangse. Furthermore they hap explain some visly anomalous geologic an pal-ontologe statins 11 Paleozoic Mineral esources an re i inp 5 nclading energy , metallic and non- tate ‘depovitis aid sand and yravel for con tction, Important sources of industrial or silica sand are Upper Cambrian Jordan Sandstone of Minnesots and scons: the Middle Ordovician SL. Peter Sandstone the ‘ee Stlrian Tuscarora Sandstone i Pesneylvenia oid nas the Devonian Ridgely Formation in West Virgins fyland, and Penneylvaniat andthe Devonian Sylvania dlstone in Michigan. Silica end has several wren jochading the mansfas- +o las, refractory brick for blast furnaces, and mols ‘tiling ron, alumiauis, aad woppes alloys Soe silica As, called aul fracturing sends, are pumped ina Js feacure oi- of gos-teartg rocks and provide per ‘le passageways forthe ol argo to migrate vo the well Geu Foci 130. ‘Thick dept of Surin capers, only rook salt (ach amd rock gypsum (180,10) afer wok Entre (CaSO J dere pre of Michigan, Ohi, New Yer and ajc oretsn Orr Cada Terk {epee our af out al radon bai end ble ied Mrinalahitina ek ally ‘hata aevoe for snd gin shi sod Ob Teen Haat ie arene eee es ret Briain aon the Roh Sea nd ao Denmark the Ainorecde Gxarepand tener Woued sol tsna Desde the cvpories hemssve Zen depen for ins spool Bs ru veo saw a Nokafandr an partet her ea ‘Diher npotane aap orce ON howe of he aan Deka of We Teas Now Mesie, and Dean eopersin he Ek Pan sno ‘Canali Mien ded re Se ge Oe age meee ony ini North Amin re ud athe master (ea an gp bg) tees fra production, Metalic Me SE, cng a, cpp and sliver, are keawn from Late age rocks, specially tase deformed darig mountain bulge host socks fr deposits of lead sad zinc in southces Missouci are Cambrian dolontnes, although some Ordeviian racks contain these ‘igure 26. atte ua ep a tes ret ing unstin y Sctsmees too ot lane Thx depois ve sn in soc 798, tet havehen ray eee New te ead pad Sls Motte os Hino aman soe Although Pern soa bly ahem Som several ste ing fa As a Acc me head fe Ror Amen nd rope cose fm Permsey have been largely depleted. Now most ead and sine {in Mascurs comes fom Missssippian-agesedimen ok “he Silurian Clinton Formation crops out from sna north to New York and sguvalnt rocker are found ‘sfoundland This formation hat been mined orion shy places In the United Stacy, the riches ores and ‘xtesve ming occurred near Birsingham, Abana, aly small antoou¢ of ore = curtenily produced in ‘etzleum and aatural yas are recovered in commercial Beetrom rocks rangngin age fom the Deven troogh itn For example, Devonian rsksin the Michigan Basin, ‘= basin, ne the Willsten Basin of Montana, South fa, and adjacent pat of Alberta, Canada have eed erable amoants of hydrocarbons. Middle Devonian shales, such asthe Marcelus Shale inthe Appalichian “ate Being atively explored ecaoe ef then pote id-encramvas quamises of natural gas, Herman eet: she strata inthe woscera Unit Stale, poetically hae lsobeen important produces areas, inching Asia, Ata, and Australia, mach ofthe eos in North America and Burope comes fram Pennsylvania (Oppee Carheniteraus) deposits Large areas in he Appaly shan regi an the Midwestern United Slate ate uncer by vant coal deposit (figure 20.21). Thove coal deposit formed frm the lush vegetation tht flourished in Pesnss ‘ania col-fersing swarms Figure 2.19 Much of this coal is bituminous coal, which sontain boat £04 carbon, Its dense, Mack col that has bee ta: thoneuy sieved 1h plan neil ams be nen onl ‘rely fee Figure 7100, Bilamuncus coal i used to mak tole haus, geay substance made up ofthe feeed ash Tazuminous coal. Coke is used tire bast furnaces forse Productos, Shae Fido fhe Nath Abate flg.s metamorphic pe of cas! cmisinig apa 8 ether Most anthracte iin the Appalachian region (Figure 2031 Lis especialy desirable hecsose it burns wilh 3 smokele flame and leds more Heat per unit volume than otter type seh sf snl Unfortunatly it iethe lest comenon ype ‘Se malted inthe United Sates bituminocs,