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93 7 20 12:00-17:15
!!
12:00-13:30
13:30-13:40
13:40-14:00
14:00-15:30
GSM/GPRS W-CDMA
15:30-15:45
15:45-16:15
E6704Alab Application
16:15-17:05
17:05-17:15
( )
Michael Leung
CEng MIEE
Senior Application Consultant
Wireless Communication
Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd
- Page 1 -
My background
Regional Wireless Application Consultant
-
- Page 2 -
WCDMA Mobile
Contents:
Key Challenges on 3G WCDMA mobile design:
-Understand the technical challenges from 2G to 3G
-Discussion the impact on multi-mode/multi-band
mobile design
In-Depth Technical Discussions on :
i) Receiver design & testing requirement
ii) modulator design & testing requirement
iii) Bluetooth & IEEE802 integration
iv) GPS Testing
Common Problems & Troubleshooting Technique.
Appendix (8960 WCDMA testing functions)
8960 UGM (July 2004)
- Page 3 -
I. Key Challenges on :
3G WCDMA mobile Design
- Page 5 -
2
6
1
2
1
1
1
FDMA Re-use
CDMA Re-use
W-CDMA (UMTS)
cdma2000 (IS-2000)
- Page 6 -
Spread Factor
fc
fc
Encoding &
Interleaving
Walsh/OVSF
Spreading
KTBF function
fc
Background Noise
CDMA
Receiver
CDMA
Transmitter
Baseband
Data
Baseband BW
Spread BW
Walsh/OVSF
Correlator
Spurious Signals
Spread BW
Spread BW
fc
External Interference
fc
Other Cell Interference
fc
Other User Noise
Baseband
Data
Interference Sources
8960 UGM (July 2004)
W-CDMA
- Page 7 -
(3GPP)
Physical Parameters:
RF Bandwidth = 5 MHz
Physical Layer data rates of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, and 1920 kb/sec
Payload data rates of 12.2, 64, 128, 384, 768, and 2048 kb/sec
Uplink Frequency
1920-1980 M Hz
1850-1910 M Hz
1710-1785 M Hz
8960 UGM (July 2004)
Downlink Frequency
2110-2170 MHz
1930-1990 MHz
1805-1880 MHz
- Page 8 -
Step 2.
Overview- WCDMA mobile
- Page 9 -
RF
Digital
A/D
Rx VGA
Downconverter
Audio
Out
D/A
Quadrature
Demodulator
Receive Path
LNA
Baseband
0
Phase
Splitter
90
Channel
Equalizer &
Decoder
Memory
A/D
PLL
T/R Switch
or Duplexer
N x Synthesizers
RSSI
A/D
AGC
D/A
Pwr/Burst Cntrl
Speech
Decode
DSP
D/A
AGC
Controller
Speech
Encode
D/A
D/A
S
Power Amp
Driver Upconverter
Tx VGA
Transmit Path
0
Phase
Splitter
90
Quadrature
Modulator
Channel
Encoder &
Spectral
Shaping
D/
A
A/
D
To Codec,
RF section,
keyboard &
display
Audio
In
- Page 10 -
- Page 11 -
- Page 12 -
- Page 13 -
- Page 14 -
- Page 15 -
LNA
Gain = 8 dB
NF = 12 dB
Gain = 0 dB
NF = 3 dB
Down-converter
IL=4dB
BW=5MHz
T/R Switch
or Duplexer
ADC
Gain = x dB
TX
Rx VGA
- Page 16 -
=1.0dB
=12dB
=1.5dB
=8.0dB
=12dB
= 0dB
= 3dB
= 4dB
- Page 17 -
- Page 18 -
- Page 19 -
Wanted Signal
WCDMA
Noise Floor
Noise Floor
Wanted Signal
Sensitivity requirement is -117 dBm @ 12.2 kbps user data rate (34.121 Sect 6.2)
Changing user bit rate changes processing gain (PG) and also sensitivity level
PG = 10 log (3.84Mcps/user symbol rate)
8960 UGM (July 2004)
- Page 20 -
10
2.
4.
Wider band compared to GSM increases slightly filter losses and current
is needed in duplexer
consumption
- Page 21 -
- Page 22 -
11
- Page 23 -
- Page 24 -
12
UE Power Class
Tx Power Class
FDD
TDD
33 dbm (2W)
30 dbm (1W)
+1/-3 dB
+1/-3 dB
27 dbm (0.5W)
24 dbm (0.25W)
+1/-3 dB
+1/-3 dB
24 dbm (0.25W)
21 dbm (0.125W)
3
4
+/- 2dB
+/- 2dB
21 dbm (0.125W)
+/- 2dB
+/- 4dB
Receiver Sensitivity:
- Page 25 -
Path Loss 2
Path Loss 1
Power control is
necessary to assure
that all signals arrive
at the same power
Mobile 1
Mobile 2
RX
Power
RX
Power
User 1
User 2
W-CDMA Channel
8960 UGM (July 2004)
Base Station
User 1
User 2
W-CDMA Channel
- Page 26 -
13
Receive
Request
SRNC
Target
SIR
Compare to
Target SIR
Calculate
SIR
Adjust
Frame #i
Frame #72
TPC_cmd = +1, 0 , -1
1500 pwr cntrl commands per second
Slot #i
Slot #15
TFCI
DPCCH
Data 1
DPDCH
TPC
DPCCH
Uplink
Data 2
Pilot
DPDCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
Data
Pilot
TFCI
FBI
TPC
DPCCH
- Page 27 -
- Page 28 -
14
- Page 29 -
10 ms Frames
24 4 bi ts
DTCH
Data Bi ts
26 8 bi ts
Ad d C RC &
Tai l Bits
80 4 bi ts
1/3 Rate
Co nv. C ode r
1st
In terl eaver
40 2 bi ts
Fram e
Segment
96 bits
DCC H
Data Bi ts
12 0 bits
Ad d C RC &
Tai l Bits
36 0 bits
1/3 Rate
Co nv. C ode r
36 0 bi ts
1st
In terl eaver
90 bits
Segment
& Match
80 4 bi ts
40 ms Frames
60 kbps
(Dedicated Physical
Data Channel); up
to 6 allowed on
reverse link
DP DCH
Data Bits
3840 kcps
(Dedicated Physical
Control Channel); 1
used on reverse link
DP CCH
Data Bits
I
SF=64
C ch,6 4,16
Data OVSF
Generator
C ch,2 56 ,0
Control OVSF
Generator
3840 kcps
15 kbps
3840 kcps
SF=256
49 0 bits 49 kbps
Rate
Matchin g
TrC H
Mux
11 0 bi ts
Rate
Matchin g
11 kbps
225
Scramble Code
Generator
Clong,2
Q 3840 kcps
2n d
In terl eaver
60 kbps
I Scramble Code
1,-1
Generator
Gain
CCTrCH
Clong,1
1,-1
Complex
Scrambling
Deci
by 2
I Scramble Code
+
+
Gain = - 6 dB
Complex scrambling fixes the unequal distribution of power between I & Q by continuously
rotating the constellation. Unwanted zero crossings result, & HPSK (Hybrid Phase Shift
Keying) spreading cuts these in half, reducing peak CCDF excursions.
8960 UGM (July 2004)
- Page 30 -
15
SF=4
OVSF
Generator
OVSF 2
Generator
DPDCH3
Data Bits
225
Scramble Code
Generator
3840 kcps
SF=4
3840 kcps
Gain
OVSF
Generator
Gain
DPCCH
Data Bits
3840 kcps
SF=256
OVSF
Generator
Gain
+
1,-1
Complex
Scrambling
Deci
by 2
3840 kcps
DPDCH2
Data Bits
3840 kcps
SF=4
OVSF
Generator
Gain
- Page 31 -
3G Modulation Format
Downlink Signal
Uplink Signal
OQPSK modulation
No zero crossings
Complex scrambling
HPSK scrambling
Significant # of zero
crossings
- Page 32 -
16
A simple equal-power DPDCH and DPCCH test maps nicely into a QPSK measurement, but
that is not a standard transmission combination.
Different channel and power configurations significantly affect I/Q mapping and component
stress levels.
- Page 33 -
- Page 34 -
17
Base Station 1
Land Link
Base Station 2
- Page 35 -
Amplitude
Time
Frequency
- Page 36 -
18
- Page 37 -
Soft Handover
Before entering soft handover, the mobile
- Page 38 -
19
- Page 39 -
Active Set
Neighbor Set
Non Neighbors
8960 UGM (July 2004)
- Page 40 -
20
Cell Addition
If,
Strongest Neighbor_Ec/Io >( Best_Pilot_Active_Set_ Ec/Io) - Range_1A
+ Hysterisis_1A
For,
A period of Time to Trigger
Than,
This neighbor Pilot is included in Active Set.
- Page 41 -
Active Set
Range_1B Hysterisis_1B(ex:7 db)
21
Active Set
Active Set
Neighbor
Cell Replacement
- Page 43 -
'T
'T
CPICH 1
Range_1B-Hysteris_1B
Range_1A + Hysterisis
Hysterisis_1C
CPICH 2
CPICH 3
Time
Cell 1 Connected
Event 1A
Add Cell 2
Event 1C
Replace Cell 1 with Cell 3
Event 1B
Remove Cell 3
- Page 44 -
22
Interfrequency Handovers
Interfrequency handovers arise during utilization of hierarchical cell structures (macro, micro,
indoor cells)
Several carriers and interfrequency handovers may also be used for taking care of high
capacity needs in hot spots
An efficient method is needed for making measurements on other frequencies while still
having the connection running on the current frequency
Dual receiver is considered feasible especially if the mobile uses antenna diversity
- Page 45 -
The GSM compatible multiframe structure allows similar timing for intersystem
measurements as in the GSM system itself
WCDMA
UMTS
Frames
12 frames
120 ms
12 frames
Measure GSM
FCCH and SCH
120 ms
Measure GSM
FCCH and SCH
TIME
8960 UGM (July 2004)
- Page 46 -
23
- Page 47 -
- Page 48 -
24
- Page 49 -
- Page 50 -
25
GPS RX Test
Main Features:
C/A code
1 to 37 selectable satellite ID numbers
-125 kHz to +125 kHz Doppler shifts
Choice of data:
1. default data in preformatted frames
2. pseudo-random sequences
3. user-created (download to ESG)
P code (without data)
Power level accuracy: 0.5-0.6 dB to -127 dBm
- Page 51 -
Data @ 50 bps
BPSK
modulation
L1=1.57542 GHz
- Page 52 -
26
1. Telemetry mode
TLM
HOW
3. Encoded mode
- Page 53 -
Example application #1
Sensitivity (signal/noise) test
1. Place device in a Test Mode
2. Set up GPS signal
Choose C/A code
Select desired satellite
Set Doppler
GPS
- Page 54 -
27
Example application #2
Bit Error Rate (BER) test
1. Place device in a Test Mode
2. Set up GPS signal
Choose C/A code
Select desired satellite (ID)
To rear panel
Set Doppler
GPS
Clock
Data
- Page 55 -
- Page 56 -
28
Agilent N4010A
- Page 57 -
- Page 58 -
29
- Page 60 -
30
- Page 61 -
What is 3G-324M?
1. Mobile video-phone application
2. Derived from ITU-T H.324 standard for
Low bit-rate multimedia communications
On circuit switched networks
With good video/speech quality and low delay
3. Incorporates changes to make it suitable for wireless communications
BER ~ 10-3 in wireless channels
Compared to BER <= 10-6 for wireline channels
- Page 62 -
31
3G-324M Applications
Telemedicine
Surveillance
Live Video Broadcasting Cable TV on the Go
Video on demand (movies, news clips)
- Page 63 -
- Page 64 -
32
- Page 65 -
III. Troubleshooting
on WCDMA mobile design
WCDMA?!
- Page 66 -
33
1. Troubleshooting Tools :
Phase Discontinuity measurement
- Page 67 -
WCDMA mobiles can change power each time slot, or every 667 Psec
Power steps can result in phase anomalies over the time slot boundary
- Page 68 -
34
d 30
1500
30 < d 60
300
> 60
- Page 69 -
1.
2.
3.
4.
Note
- Page 70 -
35
- Page 71 -
- Page 72 -
36
1.
GSM Layer 3
2.
LAPDm
3.
RLC
4.
PDCP
5.
NAS
6.
RRC
7.
MAC
8.
TCP_IP
9.
GMM_SM
- Page 73 -
- Page 74 -
37
- Page 75 -
- Page 76 -
38
- Page 77 -
- Page 78 -
39
10
10
9
0.5
0.5
8
7
0.4
0.4
6
0.3
0.3
5
4
0.2
0.2
3
2
0.1
0.1
1
0
0
-100
-100
-101
-101
-102
-102
UE 1
UE 1
UE 2
UE 2
-103
-103
UE 3
UE 3
-104
-104
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
-107.8
-107.8
-109.6
-109.6
UE 1
UE 1
-109.2
-109.2
-110
-110
UE 2
UE 2
-110.4
-110.4
-110.8
-110.8
UE 3
UE 3
WCDMA Testing
Conclusion:
Discussion on WCDMA mobile phone design
Multi-mode phone testing
(GPS, Bluetooth, WLAN, Video)
Troubleshooting Techniques.
Appendix (8960 WCDMA testing functions)
- Page 80 -
40
END of Presentation
PDF Handout http://www.agilent.com.tw/find/handouts
For the latest WCDMA Test Application
information:
www.agilent.com/find/e1963a
For the latest WCDMA Lab Application
information:
www.agilent.com/find/e6703b
- Page 81 -
41
www.agilent.com.tw
www.agilent.com.tw/find/handouts
104 2 8
(02) 8772-5888
324 20
(03) 492-9666
408 563 2
(04) 2472-6128
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(07) 535-5035
2004 Printed
in Taiwan
07/2004
5989-1380ZHA