Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
WhatIsaWirelessSensorNetwork?NationalInstruments
WhatIsaWirelessSensorNetwork?
PublishDate:May05,2016
Overview
Awirelesssensornetwork(WSN)isawirelessnetworkconsistingofspatiallydistributed
autonomousdevicesusingsensorstomonitorphysicalorenvironmentalconditions.AWSN
systemincorporatesagatewaythatprovideswirelessconnectivitybacktothewiredworld
anddistributednodes(seeFigure1).Thewirelessprotocolyouselectdependsonyour
applicationrequirements.Someoftheavailablestandardsinclude2.4GHzradiosbasedon
eitherIEEE802.15.4orIEEE802.11(WiFi)standardsorproprietaryradios,whichare
usually900MHz.
TableofContents
1.PotentialApplications
2.WSNSystemArchitecture
3.WSNNetworkTopologies
4.ComponentsofaWSNNode
5.DeliveringLabVIEWConnectivityforWSNSystems
6.RelatedLinks
Figure1.WSNComponents,Gateway,andDistributedNodes
1.PotentialApplications
EngineershavecreatedWSNapplicationsforareasincludinghealthcare,utilities,and
remotemonitoring.Inhealthcare,wirelessdevicesmakelessinvasivepatientmonitoring
andhealthcarepossible.Forutilitiessuchastheelectricitygrid,streetlights,andwater
municipals,wirelesssensorsofferalowercostmethodforcollectingsystemhealthdatato
reduceenergyusageandbettermanageresources.Remotemonitoringcoversawiderange
ofapplicationswherewirelesssystemscancomplementwiredsystemsbyreducingwiring
costsandallowingnewtypesofmeasurementapplications.Remotemonitoringapplications
include:
Environmentalmonitoringofair,water,andsoil
Structuralmonitoringforbuildingsandbridges
Industrialmachinemonitoring
Processmonitoring
Assettracking
Learnhowresearchersareusingwirelessmeasurementstomonitorcarbontransferinrain
forestsbyreadingthecasestudy,ResearchersUseNILabVIEWandCompactRIOto
PerformEnvironmentalMonitoringintheCostaRicanRainForest.
(http://sine.ni.com/cs/app/doc/p/id/cs11143)
2.WSNSystemArchitecture
Thissiteusescookiestoofferyouabetterbrowsingexperience.Learnmoreaboutourprivacypolicy.(http://www.ni.com/legal/privacy/unitedstates/us/)
Figure2.WSNSystemArchitectureCombinesWiredandWireless
http://www.ni.com/whitepaper/7142/en/
1/3
6/5/2016
WhatIsaWirelessSensorNetwork?NationalInstruments
Wirelesstechnologyoffersseveraladvantagesforthosewhocanbuildwiredandwireless
systemsandtakeadvantageofthebesttechnologyfortheapplication.Todothis,youneed
aflexiblesoftwarearchitectureliketheNILabVIEWgraphicalsystemdesignplatform.
LabVIEWofferstheflexibilityneededtoconnectawiderangeofwiredandwirelessdevices
(seeFigure2).
3.WSNNetworkTopologies
WSNnodesaretypicallyorganizedinoneofthreetypesofnetworktopologies.Inastar
topology,eachnodeconnectsdirectlytoagateway.Inaclustertreenetwork,eachnode
connectstoanodehigherinthetreeandthentothegateway,anddataisroutedfromthe
lowestnodeonthetreetothegateway.Finally,toofferincreasedreliability,meshnetworks
featurenodesthatcanconnecttomultiplenodesinthesystemandpassdatathroughthe
mostreliablepathavailable.Thismeshlinkisoftenreferredtoasarouter(seeFigure3).
Figure3.CommonWSNNetworkTopologies
4.ComponentsofaWSNNode
AWSNnodecontainsseveraltechnicalcomponents.Theseincludetheradio,battery,
microcontroller,analogcircuit,andsensorinterface.WhenusingWSNradiotechnology,you
mustmakeimportanttradeoffs.Inbatterypoweredsystems,higherradiodataratesand
morefrequentradiouseconsumemorepower.Oftenthreeyearsofbatterylifeisa
requirement,somanyoftheWSNsystemstodayarebasedonZigBeeduetoitslowpower
consumption.Becausebatterylifeandpowermanagementtechnologyareconstantly
evolvingandbecauseoftheavailableIEEE802.11bandwidth,WiFiisaninteresting
technology.
ThesecondtechnologyconsiderationforWSNsystemsisthebattery.Inadditiontolonglife
requirements,youmustconsiderthesizeandweightofbatteriesaswellasinternational
standardsforshippingbatteriesandbatteryavailability.Thelowcostandwideavailabilityof
carbonzincandalkalinebatteriesmakethemacommonchoice.
Toextendbatterylife,aWSNnodeperiodicallywakesupandtransmitsdatabypoweringon
theradioandthenpoweringitbackofftoconserveenergy.WSNradiotechnologymust
efficientlytransmitasignalandallowthesystemtogobacktosleepwithminimalpoweruse.
Thismeanstheprocessorinvolvedmustalsobeabletowake,powerup,andreturntosleep
modeefficiently.MicroprocessortrendsforWSNsincludereducingpowerconsumptionwhile
maintainingorincreasingprocessorspeed.Muchlikeyourradiochoice,thepower
consumptionandprocessingspeedtradeoffisakeyconcernwhenselectingaprocessorfor
WSNs.Thismakesthex86architectureadifficultoptionforbatterypowereddevices.
Figure4.WSNSensorNodeComponents
5.DeliveringLabVIEWConnectivityforWSNSystems
http://www.ni.com/whitepaper/7142/en/
2/3
6/5/2016
WhatIsaWirelessSensorNetwork?NationalInstruments
LabVIEWasaplatformoffersabroadrangeofconnectivityoptionsincludingLabVIEW
driversforWSN.ThesedriversareavailableforWSNsystemsfromCrossbow,Accsense,
andAccutech(http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/5435),anddriversarecurrentlybeing
developedforBanner,MeshNetics,andTechkorWSNsystems.
6.RelatedLinks
DownloadLabVIEWDriversforWirelessSensorNetworksforFree
(http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/5435)
PRODUCT
SUPPORT
COMPANY
Orderstatusandhistory
(http://www.ni.com/status/)
Submitaservicerequest
AboutNationalInstruments
(https://sine.ni.com/srm/app/myServiceRequests)(http://www.ni.com/company/)
Orderbypartnumber
(http://sine.ni.com/apps/utf8/nios.store?
action=purchase_form)
Manuals(http://www.ni.com/manuals/)
MISSION
NIequipsengineersandscientistswith
systemsthataccelerateproductivity,
innovation,anddiscovery.
AboutNationalInstrumentsASEAN
(http://indonesia.ni.com/company/)
(http://www.facebook.com/asean.ni)
Drivers(http://www.ni.com/downloads/drivers/)
Events(http://www.ni.com/events/)
Activateaproduct
AlliancePartners(http://www.ni.com/alliance/)
(http://sine.ni.com/myproducts/app/main.xhtml?
lang=en)
(http://twitter.com/ni_asean)
Careers(http://indonesia.ni.com/careers)
Orderandpaymentinformation
(http://www.ni.com/howtobuy/)
(http://www.ni.com/rss/)
(http://www.youtube.com/nationalinstruments)
ContactUs(http://www.ni.com/contact
(http://www.ni.com/help/map.htm)
us/)
http://www.ni.com/whitepaper/7142/en/
3/3