ENGLISH 3

FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING

COMPLEXITY- written language is relatively
more complex than spoken language
Written text are shorter and the
language has more grammatical
complexity.
ACADEMIC WRITING- it is linear it has one
central point or theme with every part
contibuting to the main line of argument,
without repititions
FORMALITY- you should avoid colloquial words
and expressions
PRECISION- facts and figures are given
precisely
EXPICITNESS- responsibility of the writer to
make it clear to the reader how the various
parts of the text are related.
OBJECTIVITY- the main emphasis should be on
the information that you want to give and the
arguments you want to make, rather thn you.
HEDGING- stance on a particular subject, or the
strength of the claims you are making.
RESPONSIBILITY- able to provide evidence and
justification for any claims you make.
ACCURACY STAGE- you can carefully read your
work and correct your mistakes. This is proof
reading.
ACCURACY- the use of vocabulary accurately.
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
Ideas Stage
Accuracy Stage
FACT- subject to verification through empirical
observations
OPINION- judgement formed about something,
not necessarily based on facts or knowledge.
Critical Reading- involves scrutinizing any
information that you read or hear.
REQUIREMENTS IN CRITICAL READING

To pose problematic questions

To find, gather and interpret data,
facts
To imagine alternative solutions to the
prob.
To analyze competing approaches and
answers
To write an effective argument
justifying your choice.
PARAPHRASING- rendering the essential ideas
in a text using your own words.
THESIS STATEMENT- a text that identifies its
main idea and or central purpose
Writing a summary/precis/abstract
1. Reviewing
2. Writing
3. Revising
Reviewing- skim of the text
Writing- start with a clear identification of the
work.
Revising- check for accuracy | revise you work.
FALLACY
A kind of error reasoning
Created intentionally in order to
deceive other people.
DICTO SIMPLICITER
-saying w/o qualification
-the circumstances of the individual concerned.
HASTY GENERATION
-faulty generalization| reaching an inductive
generalization based on insufficient evidence.
AD MISERICORDIAN
-appeal to pity.
-tries to win support for an argument
FALSE ANALOGY
-argument based on misleading, superficial or
implausible comparisons
HYPOTHESIS CONTRARY TO FACT

-a poorly supported claim about what might

have happened in past or future if
circumstances or conditions.
POISONING THE WELL
-a person attempts to place an opponent in a
position from which he or she is unable to reply.
APA and MLA reference list and bibliography
consistent and easy to read.
APA- AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
Set of rules that authors use when submitting
papers
MLA- MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION
The leading style of documentation for literary
research.
PRE WRITING PROCESS
Brainstorming- when you responded with ideas
concepts related to the broad concept.
Freewriting- the catch is to put is to put down
into writing the ideas that you think of so that
later on you will be able to generate ideas.
Clustering- a graphic representation of your
ideas, allowing you to visualize the connections
of your ideas.
FALLACY
1.ARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIAM (Argument
from ignorance)
- lack of contrary evidence
2.ARGUMENTUM VERECUNDIA (Appeal to
Authority)
-using an authority as evidence in your
argument
3.ARGUMENTUM AD POPULUM (Appeal to the
people)
-arguer tries to convince the audience to do or
believe something