Higher Colleges of Technology

Abu Dhabi Men’s College

HD LEVEL 4 – Blood Banking

Kidd Blood Group System

By:

Shaikha M. Al muharrami – H00018945

Rafaa Musaed Al Harthi – H00022700

Huraa Hasan Mohamed – H00022701

 Kidd Blood Group System
Introduction about Kidd system

The kidd (JK) system was discovered in 1951. It is another single locus
system, two antigen system (Jka and Jkb). There are four possible
phenotypes: Jk(a-b-); Jk(a+b-); Jk(a-b+); Jk(a+b+). Jk(a-b-) is a rare
phenotype. Antibodies to the Kidd antigens are almost exclusively IgG.
Incompatible transfusion or pregnancy can lead to the formation of
antibodies to all these Blood groups, if the recipient/mother lacks the
relevant antigen. It is possible to detect all red cell antibodies using an
antibody detection panel and different detection techniques. (Some
antibodies, usually IgM class, react best at room temperature or cooler, and
some work best at 37 degrees entigrade). If an antibody is detected in a
serum the red cells from that patient are tested for the presence of the
antigen. Antigen detection techniques also vary according to the nature of
the antibody-antigen interaction. The presence of a particular antibody
specifically excludes the patient from carrying that antigen.

Kidd system (chromosome and antigen)

The Kidd antigen system is present on the membranes of red blood cells
and the kidney and helps determine a person's blood type. The Jk antigen is
found on a protein responsible for urea transport in the red blood cells and
the kidney. The gene encoding this protein is found on chromosome 18. Two
common Jk alleles are Jk(a) and Jk(b). Individuals who lack the Jk antigen
(Jk null) are unable to maximally concentrate their urine.

A group of antigens consisting principally of jk(a) and jk(b), determined by

allelic genes. Amorphs are encountered. Antibodies of these substances are
usually weak and quite labile, stimulated by erythrocytes.
 2 antigens

 Jka and Jkb (codominant alleles)

Genotype Phenotype

JkaJka Jk(a+b-)

JkaJkb Jk(a+b+

JkbJkb Jk(a-b+)

JkJk Jk(a-b-)

Kidd system Antibodies

 Anti-Jka and Anti-Jkb

 IgG

 IgM

 Clinically significant

 Implicated in HTR and HDN

 Common cause of delayed HTR

 Usually appears with other antibodies when detected

 Anti-Jk3

 Found in some individuals who are Jk(a-b-)

Kidd sys and hemolytic anemia

The Jk antigen is important in transfusion medicine. People with two Jk(a)

antigens, for instance, may form antibodies against donated blood containing
two Jk(b) antigens (and thus no Jk(a) antigens). This can lead to hemolytic
anemia, in which the body destroys the transfused blood, leading to low red
blood cell counts. Another disease associated with the Jk antigen is
hemolytic disease of the newborn, in which a pregnant woman's body creates
antibodies against the blood of her fetus, leading to destruction of the fetal
blood cells. HDN associated with Jk antibodies is typically mild, though fatal
cases have been reported.

References:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gv/rbc/xslcgi.fcgi?cmd=bgmut/systems_
alleles&system=kidd

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidd_antigen_system