Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
Cadena
(I, II)
Estructura
Molecular
Tipo de Cadena
e Isomera
QUIMICA
ORGANICA
Cerrada
Isomera
(I, II, III)
Compuestos del
Carbono
Hibridacin
sp, sp2, sp3
Abierta
De cadena
Geometra
Molecular
Hidrocarburos
(i, ii, iii, iv)
De posicin
Grupos
Funcionales
De funcin
Alcohol
Ester
Alcanos
ter
Amida
Alquenos
Aldehdo
Amina
Alquinos
Cetona
Halogenuro de
alquilo
Aromticos
Acido carboxlico
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Clasificacin de hidrocarburos
Acclicos
Alifticos
Alicclicos!
o!
Cclicos
Alcanos
CH3-CH2-CH3
PROPANO
Alquenos
H2C CH-CH3
PROPENO
Alquinos
HC C-CH3
PROPINO
Cicloalcanos
CICLOBUTANO
Cicloalquenos
CICLOBUTENO
Cicloalquinos
CICLOOCTINO
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Clasificacin de hidrocarburos
Monocclicos
BENCENO
Aromticos
Aislados
DIFENILO
Policclicos
Condensados
NAFTALENO
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Grupo
Funcional
Estructura
Ejemplo
CH3CH2CH3 ,
propano
Alquenos
C C
doble enlace
CH2=CHCH3 ,
propeno
Alquinos
C C
triple enlace
CH CCH3 ,
propino
Aromticos
anillo aromtico
R
R
benceno
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
1 Metano!
2 Etano!
3 Propano!
4 Butano!
5 Pentano!
6 Hexano!
7 Heptano!
8 Octano!
9 Nonano!
10 Decano
ano
11 Undecano!
12 Dodecano!
13 Tridecano!
14 Tetradecano!
15 Pentadecano!
16 Hexadecano!
17 Heptadecano!
18 Octadecano!
19 Nonadecano!
20 Icosano
ano
Hexano
21 Henicosano!
22 Docosano!
23 Tricosano!
24 Tetracosano!
30 Triacontano!
31 Hentriacontano!
40 Tetracontano!
50 Pentacontano!
100 Hectano!
115 Pentadecahectano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Nombre
P.E. (oC)
CH4
CH4
Metano
-164
C2H6
CH3-CH3
Etano
-89
C 3H 8
CH3-CH2-CH3
Propano
-42
C4H10
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Butano
C5H12
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pentano
36
C6H14
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Hexano
69
C7H16
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Heptano
98
F. Molecular
C8H18
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Octano
126
C9H20
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Nonano
151
C10H22
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Decano
174
Undecano
196
C11H24 CH3-CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
La estructura de los alcanos son cadenas de grupos metileno (-CH2-) a las que se
aade un H a cada extremo, sin embargo existen alcanos ramificados y cclicos.
H
3-3 Nomenclature
3-3 Nomenclature
Alkanes
of Alkanes
89 Nomenclature
89
3-3
of Alkanes
3-3of Nomenclature
Alkanes
89
3-3 ofNomenclature
of Alkanes
89
3-3 Nomenclature
of Alkanes
89
H H HH H HH H HH H HH H HH HH HH HH H
H
H H H H HH H H
H H
H
H
H H H
H H H
C HH C HHH CC HCH CH HC HCH CC HCH CC HCH CC HCH CC HCH CC HCC CCH CC CH
H3
H C H
H C C H
H C C C H CH
H
C
H
H
C
C
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H C H
H C C H
H C C C H
H C C CC
H
H
HH H H H H HH H HH H HH H HH H HH HH HH HH H
H
H H
H H H
HH
H H
CH
HCH
HH3 HH H3 HHCH3
H
CH3
CHH
CH
CH
CCH
3C 3 CH
3 H CH
3 3
C 3 C CH
C CH
CH
C C H C CHC3
HH
H
CH
CH
CH
3 3
methane, methane,
CH4
CH
ethane,
C
H6
C2ethane,
H6 H
C
H10 HC4butane,
H H CH
isobutane,
isobutane,
C4H10
C4H
H10 C H
methane,
CH
C2H
C3Hbutane,
Hpropane,
H6 Cpropane,
H4butane,
H10 H H
HC isobutane,
H
H
4H
2ethane,
3Hethane,
8 HCpropane,
3CHH
8 HH
4
8H propane,
4H
4 Isobutano
10 isobutane, C
methane,
CH
C3H8 10
butane,
(C
4
2H6
4H10
4H4
10H10)
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Butano
(C
H
)
methane,
CH
ethane,
C
H
propane,
C
H
butane,
C
H
isobutane,
C
H
methane,
CH
ethane,
C
H
propane,
C
H
butane,
C
H
isobutane,
C4H10 CH3
4
10
2 6
8
4 10
4 10
Metano (CH44) 4
Propano
2 (C
6 3H8) CH 3 CH
3CH
8
4
10
CH3
CH3
CH
3
3
CH3
C
CH
CH H CH
CH
CH
H
CH
CH
CH
H CCHCH
C CHH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH CH
CH3
CH3
H
C
C CHC
HCCH CH
HCCHCCH CCH
C 3CHC C H
CH3 CH CH3
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
23
22 3
22 2
32 2
3 2 3 CH
2 CH
323 CH
3CH
3
3
CH
3 2 3 CH2CH
3 3CH
2 333CH
3 3 CH
3CH3
CH
CH
CH
CCH3CH3
3
2
2 3CH3
or HCH3(or
CH
HCH
HH
H CH
CH
CH3 HCH HCH2H CHCH
CH
CH CH
or
)H HCH
CH
H
H3 H CH
2)5 ( CH
2)5 ( CH
3 3
3 CH
3H
HH 3 ( CH
3
2 )5 H
CH3 2CH2 2 CH2252 orCH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
C 3 CH3
CH
2 isopentane,
3isopentane,
3
2
3
3
C
H
C
H
neopentane,
neopentane,
C
H
C
H
isopentane,
C
H
neopentane,
C
H
5
12
5
12
5
12
5
12
pentane,
Cpentane,
H
C
H
methane,
CH
ethane,
C
H
propane,
C
H
butane,
C
H
isobutane, C4H10
5
12
5
12
pentane,
C
H
isopentane,
C
H
neopentane,
C5H12
or
H
(
CH
)
H
5 12 4 5 12 2 5 5 12
2 6 C5H12
3 8
CH3 4 10
5 12
pentane,
Pentano
12) )
or H(C5(H
CH
H
Isopentano (C H )
CH
2 5
5 12neopentane, C5H12
isopentane, C5H12
3
pentane,
C5H3-1
FIGURE
12 formula,
ExamplesExamples
of the general
of
the
alkane
general
molecular
alkane
molecular
formula,
C
Examples of the general
alkane
molecular
formula,
n H2n + 2.C
n H2n + 2. Cn H2n + 2.
CH
isopentane,
C
H
neopentane,
C5H12CH3
Examples
of C
theHgeneral alkane molecular formula, Cn H2n + 2.
5 312
pentane,
FIGURE FIGURE
3-1
3-1
FIGURE 3-1
FIGURE 3-1
5 12
Examples
of
the are
general
formula,
the seriesthe
are
series
called
arehomologs.
called
homologs.
For alkane
example,
Formolecular
example,
butane
butane
a homolog
isCbutane
an H
homolog
of
of propane,
and both
and bothCH
2nCH
+propane,
2. a homolog
the
series
called
homologs.
For is
example,
is
ofCH
propane,
and both
CH
CH
CH2 and
CH
CHboth
FIGURE
3-1 CH
the
series
are called
homologs.
For
example,
butane
is a3homolog
of propane,
3
2
2
2
3
3
of these of
arethese
homologs
are
homologs
of hexane
ofand
hexane
decane.
and
decane.
of
these
are
homologs
of
hexane
and
decane.
of
these
are
homologs
of
hexane
and
decane.
H
.
Examples
of
the
general
alkane
molecular
formula,
C
Ejemplo
n n-alkanes,
2n + 2
Cn Hor
Although
Although
we
have
we
derived
have the
derived
the
formula
using
the
using
unbranched
the homolog
unbranched
Although
we
have
derived
the
formula
unbranched
2n
+H
2CFor
n Hwe
2n
+
2Cformula
the
series
are
called
homologs.
of n-alkanes,
propane,n-alkanes,
and both
n H)derived
2n +butane
2H
(example,
CH
H2n + the
Although
have
theisCanusing
2 formula using the unbranched n-alkanes,
2
5
it appliesittoapplies
branched
to
branched
alkanes
as
alkanes
well.
Any
as
well.
isomer
Any
of
isomer
one
of
of
these
one
n-alkanes
of
these
n-alkanes
has
the
same
has
the
same
it
applies
to
branched
alkanes
as
well.
Any
isomer
of
one
of
these
n-alkanes
has
then-alkanes
same
of these are homologsit applies
of hexane
and decane.
to branched
alkanes as well. Any isomer of one of these
has the same
H
H
molecular
molecular
formula.
formula.
Just
as
butane
Just
as
and
butane
pentane
and
pentane
follow
the
follow
C
the
C
rule,
their
rule,
branched
their
branched
isopentane,
Ctheir
Hand
H
molecular
formula.
Just
as
butane
and
pentane
follow
the
C
rule,
their
branched
the
series
are
called
homologs.
For
example,
butane
is
a
homolog
of
propane,
both
n
2n
+
2
n
2n
+
2
n 2n
+2
5
12branched
H
Although we have
derivedpentane,
the Cn HCJust
formula
using
the
unbranched
n-alkanes,
H
molecular
formula.
as
butane
and
pentane
follow
the
C
rule,
2n
+
2
n 2n + 2
5 also
12the
isomers isomers
isobutane,
isobutane,
isopentane,
isopentane,
and
neopentane
and
neopentane
also
follow
follow
rule.
the
rule.
isomers
isobutane,
isopentane,
and
neopentane
also
follow
the
rule.
of these
are homologs
and
decane.
isomers
isobutane,
isopentane,
also follow
it applies
to branched
alkanesof
ashexane
well. Any
isomer
ofand
oneneopentane
of these n-alkanes
hasthe
therule.
same
Tipo deFIGURE
cadena3-1
Lineal
Ramificada
Cclica
molecular
formula.we
Justhave
as butane
and pentane
the Cn H2nusing
their
branched n-alkanes,
Although
derived
the Cn Hfollow
the
unbranched
+ 2 rule,
2n + 2 formula
PROBLEMPROBLEM
3-1
3-1
Examples
of the
general
alkane
formula,
CH
PROBLEM
3-1
isomers
isobutane,
isopentane,
and
neopentane
also
follow
n Hthese
2n + 2. n-alkanes has
it applies
to branched
alkanes
as
Any
isomer
ofthe
one
of
the same
PROBLEM
3-1
Frmula
general
C
Hwell.molecular
Crule.
CH
n 2n 2
n 2n 2
n 2n
Using theUsing
general
themolecular
general
molecular
formula
for
formula
alkanes:
for
alkanes:
Using
the
general Using
molecular
formula
forand
alkanes:
molecular
formula.
Just
butane
pentane
follow
theasgeneral
molecular
formula for
alkanes:the Cn H2n + 2 rule, their branched
(a) Predict
(a)the
Predict
molecular
the
molecular
formula
of
formula
the
C
of
straight-chain
the
C
straight-chain
alkane.
alkane.
(a) Predict the molecular
of the C28formula
straight-chain
28 formula
(a)called
Predict
the 28
molecular
of thealso
Calkane.
28 straight-chain
PROBLEM
3-1
isomers
isobutane,
isopentane,
neopentane
follow
the
rule.
the
series
homologs.
For example,
butane
isan aalkane.
homolog
of propane, and
(b) Predict
(b)the
Predict
molecular
thePredict
molecular
formula
of
formula
4,6-diethyl-12-(3,5-dimethyloctyl)triacontane,
offormula
4,6-diethyl-12-(3,5-dimethyloctyl)triacontane,
an
(b)
theare
molecular
ofand
4,6-diethyl-12-(3,5-dimethyloctyl)triacontane,
an
(b) Predict
the molecular
formula of 4,6-diethyl-12-(3,5-dimethyloctyl)triacontane,
an
alkane containing
alkanethe
containing
44
carbon
44
atoms.
carbon
atoms.
alkane
containing
44
carbon
atoms.
of
these
are
homologs
of
andatoms.
decane.
Using
general
molecular
formula
forhexane
alkanes:
alkane
containing
44 carbon
89
CH3
CH3
CH3
neopentane, C5H12
Neopentano (C5H12)
both
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
* Estereocentro
Nmero
tomos C
Posibles
Ismeros
1-3
18
35
10
75
15
4,347
20
366,319
Primario
CH3 CH3
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-C-CH3
H
CH3
Cuaternario
Secundario
Terciario
2,2,4-Trimetilhexano
Los alcanos con
cuatro o ms
carbonos presentan
isomera estructural
Butano
2-metilpropano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
Nombres de radicales sencillos
CH4
NOMENCLATURA
Radicales
CH3-
R-
METIL
METANO
CH3-CH3
CH3-CH2-
ETIL
ETANO
Alcanos
CH3-CH2-CH2-
PROPIL
CH3-CH2-CH3
PROPANO
CH3-CH-CH3
ISOPROPIL
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-
BUTIL
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
SEC-BUTIL
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
BUTANO
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
Radicales univalentes
NOMENCLATURA
4
3
2 1
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-
Alcano de igual!
nmero de tomos!
de carbono
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
BUTANO
RNumeracin: !
Se comienza a
numerar por el
carbono que presenta
la valencia libre
BUTANO
-ILO
-IL
BUTILO
Nombre del !
radical
BUTIL
Nombre como!
sustituyente
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
ISOPENTANO o
2-metil butano
Radicales ramificados
CH3
CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-
CH3-C-CH3
ISOBUTILO
TER-BUTIL
CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2ISOPENTIL
CH3
CH3-C-CH2-CH3
TER-PENTIL
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Radicales ramificados
CH3
CH3
CH3-C-CH3
CH3
CH3-C-CH2CH3
NEOPENTANO
NEOPENTIL
CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
ISOHEXANO o
2-metil pentano
CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2ISOHEXIL
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
*Cadena principal
1*
1u
CH2-CH2-CH3
6u
8*
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
1n
7n
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
2 cadenas laterales
8n
CH2-CH2-CH3 8*
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3
H3C CH-CH3
1n
1*
*3 cadenas laterales:!
CADENA PRINCIPAL
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
1.3.
NOMENCLATURA
8 carbonos!
3 ramificaciones en 3, 4 y 6
CH3
8*
8n
1n
3n
CH2-CH-CH2-CH3
2*
CH3-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
CH3
CH3
1*
*8 carbonos!
3 ramificaciones en 2, 4 y 6!
CADENA PRINCIPAL
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
CH3
5
CH3-CH2-CH 5
C
9
8
7
6
9
8
7 6
CH3-CH2-CH-CH
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH2-CH3
9 carbonos!
6 cadenas laterales!
posiciones 3,4 5,5,6,7!
C en cadenas laterales 1,1,1,2,4,6!
CADENA PRINCIPAL
CH-CH-CH2-CH3
4* 3* 2*
1*
4n 3n 2n 1n
CH-CH-CH2-CH3
CH3 CH3
9 carbonos!
6 cadenas laterales!
posiciones 3,4 5,5,6,7!
C en cadenas laterales 1,1,1,1,4,7
Hidrocarburos alifticos
alifticos
Hidrocarburos
y aromticos
aromticos
y
NOMENCLATURA
NOMENCLATURA
2. La
La numeracin
numeracin
2.
2.1. Nmeros
Nmeros ms
ms bajos
bajos aa los
los sustituyentes
sustituyentes
2.1.
CH3
5*
CH3
3* 2*
1*
CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH3
2, 4, 5
n
" Numeracin!
incorrecta
1" 2"
CH
4" 5" 3
2, 3, 5
*NUMERACIN!
CORRECTA
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
4-metil-7-etil
CH2-CH3
7n
4n
1n
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
1*
4*
7*
CH3
*E antes que M!
NUMERACIN!
CORRECTA
4-etil-7-metil
n Numeracin!
incorrecta
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
3. El nombre
Localizadores-Sustituyentes
(cadenas laterales)
Nombre Alcano!
(cadena principal)
CH3
CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
1
3
5 6
9
CH2-CH2-CH3
6-Etil-3-metil-5-propilnonano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
CH3
CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH3
CH3
CH3
2,2,4-Trimetilpentano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
CH3
4-terc-Butil-5-isobutil-2,7-dimetilnonano
*
*
*
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
CICLOALCANOS (Nomenclatura)
1.1. Se antepone el prefijo ciclo- al nombre del alcano de igual nmero de
carbonos
Cicloalcano
Ciclohexano
Propano
Ciclopropano
Ciclooctano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Ciclopropano
Ciclopropilo
Ciclohexilo
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
1.3. Cicloalcanos sustituidos: Se utilizan las mismas reglas que para alcanos.
Cuando slo hay un sustituyente, no se precisa localizador.
CH3
CH2-CH3
1-Etil-2-metilciclopentano
Isopropilciclohexano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
1 1
1,1-Biciclohexilo
1,1-Biciclohexano
Biciclohexano
1 1
1,2-Dimetil-1,1-biciclobutilo
1,2-Dimetil-1,1-biciclobutano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
1-Etil-3(2-metilciclopentil)ciclohexano
Ciclobutilciclopentano
2
5
5-Ciclobutil-1-ciclopentil-2-ciclopropilcicloheptano
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
P.E. (oC)
F. Molecular
Frmula
Semi-desarrollada
C2H4
CH2 CH2
Eteno
gas
C 3H 6
CH3-CH CH2
Propeno
gas
C4H8
CH3-CH2-CH CH2
1-buteno
gas
C4H8
CH3-CH CH-CH3
2-buteno
gas
C5H10
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH CH2
1-penteno
gas
C5H10
CH3-CH2-CH CH-CH3
2-penteno
gas
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
NOMENCLATURA
! Se nombra el hidrocarburo principal (cadena principal)
! Se busca la cadena de carbonos ms larga que contenga el doble enlace.
Terminacin -eno
! Se numeran los tomos de la cadena, iniciando por el extremo ms
cercano al doble enlace. Si ste doble enlace es equidistante, se inicia
por el lado ms prximo al primer punto de ramificacin.
! Se asigna el nombre completo, numerando los sustituyentes conforme a
su posicin en la cadena y disponindolos en orden alfabtico. La
posicin del doble enlace se indica mencionando el nmero del primer
carbono del doble enlace. Si est presente ms de un doble enlace, se
indica la posicin de cada uno de ellos y se usan los sufijos dieno,
trieno, tetraeno, etc.
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
EJEMPLOS
CH3
NOMENCLATURA
C CH CH3
CH3
CH2
CH CH2
CH3
2-metil-2-buteno
1-buteno
3-propil-1-hepteno
CH3
3-metilciclopenteno
H3C
CHCH2CH3
2-sec-butil-1,3-ciclohexadieno
(E)-3-bromo-4-etiliden-1metilciclopent-1-eno
ndergo
typical
and
reactions
not undergo
of 7-5alkenes.
phenyl the
group
(Ph)does
is different
from the
the typical
others
Hidrocarburos
alifticos
s as Substituents
Alkenes named
as substituents are called alkenyl 7-5
groups.
CH
and
does
not (ethenyl,
undergo
reactions
of a
NOMENCLATURA
an
be y
named
systematically
propenyl, the
etc.), ortypical
by common names.
aromticos
Application:
Nomenclature
ofAntifungal
Cis-Tran
2
Thegroup
polyene antifungals
methylene
(methylidene
with a nonpolar
re
on alkenyl
substituents are
the vinyl,
allyl,asmethylene,
Application:
Antifu
kenes
as Substituents
Alkenes
named
substituentsand
arephenyl
calledgroups.
alkenylThe
groups.drugsgroup)
setspolyene
of alternating
group
is different
fromsustituyentes
the others
because
it is aromatic
Chapter 16)
antifu
ey
can (Ph)
be
named
systematically
(ethenyl,
propenyl,
etc.), or(see
by common
names.of 47The
Alquenos
como
bonds.
They
inse
es
not undergo
typical reactions
of alkenes.
with
a nonpo
mmon
alkenyl the
substituents
are the vinyl,
allyl, methylene, and phenyl groups. Thedoubledrugs
of fu
of membranes
47 sets of alter
enyl group (Ph) is different from the others because it is aromatic (see Chapter 16)the cell
disruption
and
leakiness
double
bonds.
They
d does not undergo
typical reactions of alkenes.
CH
=CHthe
-CH
CH
CH
2
2 fungalthe
2
cellcell
death.
membrane
3-methylenecyclohexene
CH2
CH CH2
The
best-known
po
grupo alilo
disruption
and leak
grupo metileno
--CH
CH
methylene group
vinyl group
2
drug is
Amphotericin
B,
fungal
cell death.
(grupo 2-propenilo)
(grupo
metilideno)
(methylidene group)
(ethenyl
group)
CH2
CH vinilo
CH2
is shown below.
The best-know
grupo
CH2
CH
CH2 CH2
methylene group
vinyl group
group
CH2 methylene
methylene group
vinyl group group
(methylidene
group)
(methylidene
(ethenyl
group)
group)
drug
is Amphoteric
methylene
(grupo
etenilo)
(methylidene group)
(ethenyl group)
is shown
below.
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH CH
allyl group
(methylidene
group) 2-propenyl
group
2
CH2
3-methylenecyclohexene
3-metilidenciclohexeno
CH2
CH
CH2
C
C
CH2
3-vinyl-1,5-hexadiene
3-vinil-1,5-hexadieno
3-vinylhexa-1,5-diene
3-vinilhexa-1,5-dieno
CH2
allyl group
2-propenyl
CH2 group
CH
CHCHCH
CH2CHCH2CH2
3-vinyl-1,5-hexadiene
3-vinylhexa-1,5-diene
CHCHCH2CH
CH
2
3-methylenecyclohexene
phenyl group
(Ph)
CH2
CH
CH2
allyl chloride
cloruro
zenede alilo
3-chloropropene
CH
HO
Cl
HO
CHCHCH
3-cloropropeno 2C
HO
3-methylenecyclohe
3-vinyl-1,5-hexad
CH
CH2
3-methylenecyclohexene
allyl group
phenyl group
CH
ene) zene
allyl chloride
3-chloropropene
Hidrocarburos
alifticos
2-phenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene
2-phenylcyclopenta-1,3-diene
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
Common
Namescomnes
Most alkenes are conveniently named by the IUPAC system,
Nombres
common names are sometimes used for the simplest compounds.
tiles en molculas pequeas
CH2
IUPAC
names:
Nombre
IUPAC:
common
name:
Nombre
comn:
CH2
ethene
eteno
ethylene
etileno
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH
CH3
propene
propeno
propylene
propileno
CH3
CH3
2-methylpropene
2-metilpropeno
isobutylene
isobutileno
CH2
CH
CH2
2-methylbuta-1,3-diene
2-metilbuta-1,3-dieno
isoprene
isopreno
ethenylbenzene
etenilbenceno
styrene
estireno
(vinylbenzene)
(vinilbenceno)
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
ISOMERIA GEOMETRICA
Los ismeros geomtricos son aquellos ismeros que no son imgenes
especulares mutuas y que deben su existencia a la rotacin impedida en
torno a dobles enlaces.
Cis-2-buteno
Trans-2-buteno
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
ISOMERIA GEOMETRICA
La isomera geomtrica no puede existir si cualquiera de los carbonos lleva
dos grupos idnticos. A continuacin se muestras algunas combinaciones
posibles.
b a
a
Hay
Isomera
geomtrica
b a
b a
bb
ac
a
No hay Isomera
geomtrica
dd
a
C
C
c
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
ISOMERIA CIS-TRANS
! Cuandos los grupos similares se encuentran en el mismo lado del doble
enlace,
es cis
292 el alqueno
CHAPTER
7 . Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes
bond,
thealalkene
is trans.
Not all alkenes are
! Los cicloalquenosse suponen que son
cis por
geometra
e hibridacin.
CH2CH3
C
H 3C
H
H
cis-2-pentene
cis-2-penteno
cis-pent-2-ene
cis-pent-2-eno
H
C
H 3C
C
C
CH2CH3
trans-2-pentene
trans
-2-penteno
trans-pent-2-ene
trans
-pent-2-eno
H 3C
2-methyl-2
2-methylpe
Trans cycloalkenes are unstable unless the ring is large enough (at least eight
bon
atoms) to accommodate
the trans double bond (Section 7-7D). Therefore
Hidrocarburos
alifticos
cycloalkenes are assumed to be cis unless they are specifically
named trans. The
NOMENCLATURA
y aromticos
name
is rarely used with cycloalkenes, except to distinguish a large cycloalkene f
its trans isomer.
NOMENCLATURA E-Z
cis-trans
Si no es nomenclature
posible tomar for
unageometric
decisin considerando
los primeros
tomos
del na
The
isomers sometimes
gives an
ambiguous
se isomers
recurre of
a 1-bromo-1-chloropropene
los segundos, terceros, etc.,are
hasta
que se cis
encuentre
Forsustituyente,
example, the
not clearly
or trans beca
it isuna
notdiferencia.
obvious which substituents are referred to as being cis or trans.
Br
CH3
C
Cl
Cl
CH3
C
C
H
Br
C
H
1
C
C
2
Zusammen
2
Entgegen
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
7-5 Nomencl
NOMENCLATURA E-Z
For example,
1 s juntos
together
Br
CH3
C
Cl
1
asignando
becomes
prioridades
Br
CH3
C
C
H
Cl
)-1-bromo-1-chloropropene
((Z
Z)-1-bromo-1-cloropropeno
El otro
de forma similar:
The
otherismero
isomer se
is nombra
named similarly:
Cl
CH3
C
Br
C
H
asignando
becomes
prioridades
1 sopuestos
opposite
Cl
CH3
C
Br
C
H
)-1-bromo-1-chloropropene
((E
E)-1-bromo-1-cloropropeno
The following example shows the use of the E-Z nomenclature with cyclic stereoiso-
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
NOMENCLATURA E-Z
1.
H3C
1
H
2
Cl
C C
2
Cl
CH2
4
2 1
C C
5
CH CH3
7
2Z
5E
3,7-dicloro-(2Z, 5E)-octadieno
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
F. Molecular
Frmula
Semi-desarrollada
Nombre
P.E. (oC)
C2H2
CHCH
Etino o acetileno
gas
C 3H 4
CH3-CCH
Propino
gas
C4H6
CH3-CH2-CCH
1-butino
lquido
C4H6
CH3-CC-CH3
2-butino
lquido
C5H8
CH3-CH2-CH2-CCH
1-pentino
lquido
C5H8
CH3-CH2-CC-CH3
2-pentino
lquido
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
NOMENCLATURA
v Se ubicala cadena ms largaque contiene eltriple enlace.
v Se cambia la terminacin -anopor -ino.
v Para numerar la cadena, se comienza en el extremo ms cercano al triple
enlace.
v Se nmera y organiza cada una de las ramificaciones o sustituyentes de
manera anloga en los alcanos.
v Todos los grupos, excepto los teres y haluros tienen mayor prioridad que
los alquinos.
CH3
CH3
CH3
C C CH2
CH2
5-bromo-2-pentino
Br
CH3
CH CH2
C C CH CH3
2,6-dimetil-3-heptino
Nomenclature
toms
includes
thethat
triple
bond the
andtriple
chain that
of carbon
atoms
includes
bond and Nomenclature
yne.
Thealkane
chaintoisyne.
numbered
fromisthe
end of
parent
The chain
numbered
fromAlkynes
the end of Alkynes
Hidrocarburos
alifticos
triple
bond of
is the
designated
by isits
lower- by its lowerde the
position
triple bond
designated
NOMENCLATURA
umbers
to
indicate
their locations.
tituents
given numbers
to indicate their locations.
yare
aromticos
CH3
C CC CH CH
CH3 3
C H H CHCH
3
3
e
e
propyne
2-butyne
2-butino
propyne
but-2-yne
but-2-ino
CH3
Br
Br
C
CH32 CH CH3
CH3 C CHC3 CH
CH3C CH
CH2 CCHC CH
2-butyne 6-bromo-2-methyl-3-heptyne
6-bromo-2-methyl-3-heptyne
6-bromo-2-metil-3-heptino
but-2-yne6-bromo-2-methylhept-3-yne
6-bromo-2-methylhept-3-yne
6-bromo-2-metilhept-3-ino
onal groups are present, the suffixes are combined to prosent, the suffixes are combined to prof the alkenynes (a double bondCH
and3 a triple bond), alkynols
double
bond
and
a
triple
bond),
alkynols
l), and soCH
on. TheCH
newCH
IUPACCH
system
(placing
the numC
CH
2 system (placing
2
new
IUPAC
the
numhelps to clarify these names. The IUPAC rules give alcose names.
The IUPAC
rules
giveequal
alco-priority), so the
kenes
or alkynes
(which are
given
4-metil-hexa-5-in-1-eno
given
equal
priority),
dwhich
closerare
to an
alcohol.
The
prioritiessoofthe
functional groups
hol.
The
priorities
functional
groups
ds are
listed
in Tableof9-1.
If the double
bond and the triple
le ends
9-1. If
bond and
triple
he
of the
the double
chain, number
thethe
chain
so that the double
n,than
number
the chain
so that the
double
er
the triple
bond (because
ene
comes before yne
4-metoxi-2-hexino
C C CH3
CH3 CH C C H
CH2 CH CH2 C CH
8-bromo-4-clorociclodecino
(E)-3-cloro-5-etil-7,7,11-trimetildodeca-9-in-5-eno
CH3 CH C C H
CH2 CH CH2 C CH
H3
OH
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
Prioridad de grupos funcionales
NOMENCLATURA
Hidrocarburos alifticos
mon Names The common names of alkynes describe them as derivatives
NOMENCLATURA
aromticos
ylene.yMost
alkynes can be named as a molecule of acetylene with one or tw
substituents.
This nomenclature
Nombres comunes
(Alquinos) is like the common nomenclature for ether
mon
names
of alkynes
describe them as derivatives of
e weNames
name theThe
twocommon
alkyl groups
bonded
to oxygen.
lene. Most alkynes can be named as a molecule of acetylene with one or two
R C for
C
R
R
H nomenclature
H C This
C nomenclature
H
substituents.
is
likeC
theCcommon
ethers,
acetylene
alkylacetylene
e we name
the two alkyl groups bonded
to oxygen.
acetileno
unanalquilacetileno
una dialkylacetylene
dialquilacetileno
Common(etino)
Names The common names of alkynes describe them as derivatives of
CH
CC
CHtwo
CH
Ph
C
C
2 CH
R 3CC
Ror
acetylene.
alkynes
as
a
molecule
with
one
3
C
C
H H of acetylene
H
CC
Most
CC
H H can be Rnamed
ethylmethylacetylene
phenylacetylene
a dialkylacetylene
acetylene
an alkylacetylene
alkylmethylacetylene
substituents.
This nomenclature
is like the common nomenclature
for ethers,
where we name the two alkyl groups bonded to oxygen.
CH3
CH1CH322 PhPh
C
C C H
CC
C
H Ph
322CH
diphenylacetylene
diisopropylacetylene
methylacetylene
phenylacetylene
RCCH
HCCH
metilacetileno
fenilacetileno
acetylene
an alkylacetylene
C
C
CH3 H
C
C
CHCH
2 OH
2 CH
3
hydroxymethylacetylene
ethylmethylacetylene
R
C C R
etilmetilacetileno
alcohol2
a 1propargyl
dialkylacetylene
H C C CH2 OH
22 CH C C CH1CH322 Ph C C Ph
CH
C is
C
CHalkynes
H
Ph C
C on
H whether
Manydiisopropylacetylene
of an
chemical
properties
depend
there
anCH
acetylen
3
2 CH3
3CC
hydroxymethylacetylene
diphenylacetylene
ethylmethylacetylene
phenylacetylene
alcohol2
ogen 1H Cmethylacetylene
C2, that is, whether the
triple bond comes1propargyl
at
the end
of a carbo
n. Such
alkyne
is chemical
called
a terminal
terminal
acetylene.
If the
trip
Hthere
C is
an
C
CH
1CH
C
C
CH1CH
C Coron
a Ph
2 OH
2 CH
322 Ph alkyne
Many
of32an
an
alkynes
properties
depend
whether
acetylenic
hydroxymethylacetylene
diphenylacetylene
diisopropylacetylene
is
located
somewhere
other
than
the
end
of
the
carbon
chain,
the
is calle
difenilacetileno
hidroximetilacetileno
diisopropilacetileno
ogen 1H
C C2, that is, whether the triple bond comes at the
endalkyne
ofalcohol2
a carbon
1propargyl
nternal
alkyne
internal
acetylene.
(alcohol proparglico)
n. Such an
alkyneorisan
called
a terminal
alkyne or a terminal acetylene.
If the triple
Many of an alkynes chemical properties depend on whether there is an acetylenic
is hydrogen
located somewhere
other
the end the
of the
carbon
chain, at
thethealkyne
1H C C2,
thatthan
is, whether
triple
bond comes
end ofisa called
carbon
3,6-dimetil-1,4-heptadiino
CH
CH
CH
3
CH3 2
CH3
3
7 6
8
7
3
2
5
1
3
4
5 6
1
4
2
5-etil-6-metil-1,3,7-octatriino
Hidrocarburos
alifticos
HC C CH C C CH CH3
CH C CH CH C C C CH
CH2NOMENCLATURA
CH3
ndo en
el 3,6-dimetil-1,4-heptadiino
compuesto existen dobles y triples
enlaces,
hay q
y aromticos
5-etil-6-metil-1,3,7-octatriino
ar en el nombre tanto los dobles enlaces
como los triples, pe
Ejercicios
losEjemplos:
dobles enlaces los que dan el nombre al compuesto
Cuando
en el compuesto existen dobles y triples enlaces, hay
plos:
inacin
eno
se une
al prefijo
numeral
que
indica
el nmero
indicar en el nombre
los
dobles
enlaces
como
los
triples, p
CH3 tantoCH
CH
3
3
7
8
7
3 ser
2
mos
La
cadena
principal
5
6
1 la q
3 la4 cadena).
4
5 6
1
2 en
sondeloscarbono
dobles
enlaces
los
que
dan
el
nombre
al
compuesto
CH
CH
CH
3
3
CH 8CH3 7 6CH C5 independientemente
C1 C CH
HCnmero
C
CH4 CH
7C insaturaciones,
3
2
3
1 mayor
6 C3de
4C 5CH
enga
2
terminacin
eno
se
une
al
prefijo
numeral
que
indica
el nmero
C
CH
C
C
CH
CH
C
HC
C
CH
CH
C
CH
C
CH
CH
CH
3,6-dimetil-1,4-heptadiino
2de tal
3
sean
dobles
o triples
y seLanumerar
forma
tomos
de carbono
enenlaces,
la3 cadena).
cadena principal
ser la q
CH2 independientemente
CH3 para los enlac
3,6-dimetil-1,4-heptadiino
ocalizadores
de nmero
cadenadesean
los 5-etil-6-metil-1,3,7-octatriino
menores
contenga
mayor
insaturaciones,
3,6-dimetil-1,4-heptadiino
5-etil-6-metil-1,3,7-octatriino
5-etil-6-metil-1,3,7-octatriino
iples,
independientemente
de
su
multiplicidad,
aunque
en
que
sean
dobles
o
triples
enlaces,
y
se
numerar
tal forma
Cuando en el compuesto existen dobles
y triples de
enlaces,
hay
los
localizadores
cadena
sean
los enlaces
menores
para
los
enla
de
igualdad
dedecondiciones
tendrn
prioridad
los
dobp
indicar
en el nombre
tanto los
dobles
como
loshay
triples,
do
en
el
compuesto
existen
dobles
y
triples
enlaces,
que
mltiples,
independientemente
de dan
su multiplicidad,
aunque
en
ces.
son
los
dobles
enlaces
los que
elcomo
nombre
al
compuesto
rcaso
en
elde
nombre
tanto
los
dobles
enlaces
los
triples,
pero
igualdad
deune
condiciones
tendrn
prioridad
dob
CH3
terminacin
eno los
se
aldan
prefijo
numeral
que
indica ellos
nmero
mplos:
os
dobles
enlaces
que
el
nombre
al
compuesto
(la
8
7 6
5
4
3
2
1
enlaces.
tomos de carbono en la cadena).
La cadena
principal
ser
la
C
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
C
CH
nacin
eno
se
une
al
prefijo
numeral
que
indica
el
nmero
de
CH
CH
HC
C
CH
CH3 independientemente
2 nmero 2de insaturaciones,
contenga mayor
Ejemplos:
8 cadena
7 6
5
4
3
2 la1 que
os
de
carbono
en
la
cadena).
La
principal
ser
CH
CH
-4-ino
que sean1-buten
dobles
o
triples
enlaces,
y
se
numerar
de
tal
2
3
1-penten-4-ino
CH de
CH C independientemente
CH CH CH CH C forma
CH
CH2
HC
C CHde
2
ngalos
mayor
nmero
insaturaciones,
localizadores
de-4-ino
cadena 5-etil-6-metil-3-octen-1,7-diino
sean los menores
para los enla
CH
CH
1-buten
2
3 forma
eanmltiples,
dobles o independientemente
triples enlaces, y sedenumerar
de
tal
quee
su multiplicidad,
aunque
ocalizadores
de cadena
los 5-etil-6-metil-3-octen-1,7-diino
menores
los enlaces
caso de igualdad
de sean
condiciones
tendrnpara
prioridad
los do
5-etil-6-metil-3-octen-1,7-diino
ples,
independientemente de su multiplicidad, aunque en el
enlaces.
deEjemplos:
igualdad de condiciones tendrn CH
prioridad
los dobles
3
8
7 6
5
4
3
2
1
es.
Hidrocarburos alifticos
y aromticos
5. Hidrocarburos aromticos
NOMENCLATURA
5. Hidrocarburos
aromticos
buros HIDROCARBUROS
aromticos son unAROMATICOS
grupo
especial de
cclicos,
planos, insaturados,
con una
dobles
Los hidrocarburos
aromticos son
clase enlaces
especial de hidrocarburos cclicos,
Los derivados
hidrocarburos
aromticos
deslocalizados,
del benceno,
C6H6. son un grupo especial de
planos,hidrocarburos
insaturados, con
doblesplanos,
enlacesinsaturados,
conjugados ycon
deslocalizados,
derivados
cclicos,
dobles enlaces
conjugados
del benceno
C H y. deslocalizados, derivados del benceno, C6H6.
benceno
metilbenceno
tolueno
1 sustituyente
CH = CH2AnillosHcon
3C CH CH3
se nombra
en primer lugar el sustituyente, y a
continuacin el anillo aromtico con
la palabra benceno.
etenilbenceno
isopropilbenceno
vinilbenceno
estireno metilbenceno
etenilbenceno
vinilbenceno
tolueno
estireno
isopropilbenceno
Hidrocarburos alifticos
phenol
toluene
aniline
anisole
6-13
NOMENCLATURA
Benzene
derivatives have
been isolated and
used as industrial
reagents for well
y aromticos
(benzenol)
(methylbenzene)
(benzenamine)
(methoxybenzene)
CH3
NH2
OCH3
styrene
acetophenone
benzaldehyde
benzoic acid
(vinylbenzene)
(methyl phenyl ketone)
name:
phenol
toluene
aniline
anisole
anilina
anisol
fenol
tolueno
(benzenol)
(methylbenzene)
(benzenamine)
(methoxybenzene)
Many
compounds
are named as derivatives
of benzene, with
their substituents
(bencenamina)
(metoxibenceno)
(bencenol)
(metilbenceno)
named just as though they were attached to
Oan alkane.
O
H
CH3 C C
CH3
C
name:
CH3
styrene
(vinylbenzene)
H
H
O
N
+
CH3
O
acetophenone
(methyl phenyl ketone)
C
C
CH
benzaldehyde
O
S
OH
O
C
Obenzoic ac
acid
nitrobenzene
ethynylbenzene
cidobenzenesulfonic
benceno sulfnico
nitrobenceno
etinilbenceno
(phenylacetylene)
Many compounds are named
as
derivatives of benzene, with their substit
(fenilacetileno)
named just
as though
were
attached
to an alkane.
Disubstituted
benzenes
are they
named
using
the prefixes
ortho-, meta-, and para- to
tert-butylbenzene
terc-butilbenceno
respectivamente.
tituyentes. Siempre
se numera
de se
forma
que de
los forma que los
sustituyentes.
Siempre
numera
Anillos con 2 sustituyentes, es necesario
alizadores de cadena
sean los
Cuando
hay dos Cuando hay dos
localizadores
demenores.
cadena sean
los menores.
numerar
ellos
anillo
paray indicar
la posicin
tituyentes se pueden
utilizar se
los
prefijos
orto-,
metasustituyentes
pueden
utilizar
prefijos
orto-,
meta- y
1,41,21,3relativa
de losysustituyentes,
1,21,4a- para ortoindicar
las para
posiciones
1,2-,
1,31,4paraindicar
las
posiciones
1,2-, 1,3y 1,41,21,3- (orto);
parametaparaortometaomppectivamente.
1,3- (meta) y 1,4- (para)
respectivamente.
omp-
CH3
-dimetilbenceno
imetilbenceno
mplos:
CH3
1-etil-2,3-dimetilbenceno
Ejemplos:
CH3
CH3
CH3
3 CH3
1,2-dimetilbenceno
o-dimetilbenceno
CH3
o-dimetilbenceno
m-etilestireno
3
CH = CHCH
2
3
CH3
1
CH2CH
- CH
3
CH2 - CH3
1,2-dimetilbenceno
2 - CH3
1-etil-2,3-dimetilbenceno
o-dimetilbenceno
m-etilestireno
1-etil-2,3-dimetilbenceno
CH3
3
1
CH3
CH2 - CH3
1-etil-2,3-dimetilbenceno
CH = CH2
CH2 - CH3
m-etilestireno
three or more substituents on the benzene ring, numbers are used to indi- Problem-solving Hint
Nomenclature of Benze
positions. Assign the numbers as you would with a substituted cyclohexane, 16-13
If the substitution pattern
e lowestHidrocarburos
possible numbers to the substituents.
The carbon atom bearing the
alifticos
is unknown
or unimportant,
ProblemWith three or more substituents on the benzene ring, numbers are used
to indigroup that defines the base name (as in phenol or benzoic acid) is assumed NOMENCLATURA
a structure might be drawn
their positions. Assign the numbers as you would with a substituted cyclohexane,
y cate
aromticos
If the subs
ambiguous
to give the lowest possible numbers to the substituents. The carbon atomwith
bearing
the positioning
is unknow
example,
the following struc
functional group that defines the base name (as in phenol or benzoic acid)
is assumed
a structure
Algunos
ejemplos NO2
NO
COOH
might imply ortho-, meta-, o
2to be C1.
with ambi
para-nitrophenol, or
possibl
HO
example, t
mixture of isomers.
NO2
NO2
COOH
might imp
para-nitro
HO
OH
N
HO
NO2
OH
NO2
mixture of
,5-trinitrobenzene O2N
NO2
2,4-dinitrophenol
HO
NO2
3,5-dihydroxybenzoic
acid
OH
NO2
1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
2,4-dinitrophenol
3,5-dihydroxybenzoic
acid
disubstituted1,3,5-trinitrobenceno
benzenes
(and polysubstituted
benzenes)
have
historical
names.
cido
3,5-dihidroxibenzoico
2,,4-dinitrofenol
hese are obscure, with no obvious connection to the structure of the molecule.
Many disubstituted benzenes (and polysubstituted benzenes) have historical names.
Some
these are obscure, with no
connection to
the structure of the molecule.
CHof
CHobvious
COOH
3
3
CH3
me:
me:
CH3
m-xylene
m-xileno
1,3-dimethylbenzene
1,3-dimetilbenceno
common name:
IUPAC name:
H3C
CH3
CH3
COOH
HO
CH3
mesitylene
o-toluic
acid
mesitileno
cido
o-toluico
H3C 2-methylbenzoic
CH3
CH3 acid
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-trimetilbenceno
cido 2-metilbenzoico
m-xylene
1,3-dimethylbenzene
mesitylene
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
CH3
pp-cresol
-cresol
4-methylphenol HO
4-metilfenol
o-toluic acid
2-methylbenzoic acid
CH3
p-creso
4-methylp
5-trinitrobenzene
2,4-dinitrophenol
3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
CH3
common
name:have historical
m-xylene
disubstituted
benzenes (and polysubstituted
benzenes)
names.
Hidrocarburos
alifticos
IUPAC name:
1,3-dimethylbenzene
ese are obscure, with no obvious connection to the structure of the molecule.
5. Hidrocarburos aromticos
y aromticos
H3C
CH3
mesityleneNO2
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
NOMENCLATURA
5. Hidrocarburos aromticos
omtico:
5. Hidrocarburos aromticos
mticos: Proceden
laH23prdida
deCH
un
hidrgeno
C C CH3 de
C
HO
CH3 de CH
CH
23
: aromtico:
Proceden
de la prdida de
un hidrgeno de
o
me:
m-xylene
mesitylene
o-toluic acid
p-cresol
O
mtico:
me:
1,3-dimethylbenzene
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
2-methylbenzoic acid
4-methylphenol
CH2
CH
fenilo
bencilo
2a substituent on another molecule, it is called
the benzene
ring is named as
or Ph CH
C C CH
roup. The phenyl group is used in the name just like2 the name of an 3alkyl
1-phenylbut-2-yne
it is often abbreviated Ph (or f) in drawing a complex
structure.
1-fenilbut-2-ino
H2
fenilo
bencilo
- CH - CH3
fenilo CH2 - CH2 bencilo
CH3
or Ph2O
diphenyl ether
difenil eter
enylbut-2-yne
CH3
3-phe
or Ph2O
diphenyl ether
1,3-difenilbutano
1,3-difenilbutano
CH2 or PhCH CH OH
CH2Br
2
2
3-phenoxycyclohexene
3-fenoxiciclohexeno
2-phenylethanol
2-feniletanol