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1. Rebalancing Society: Radical Renewal, Beyond Left, Right and Centre.

Author stresses on the concept that the world is out of
balance and will face serious consequences that can be faced due to this out of balance such as the
degradation of our environment, the collapse of our democracies, and degrading of ourselves with
greed which is as required as stated by Darwins theories. Why does the author stress on a
balance? Author uses historical references to show how the societies have reacted in times of
imbalance and shows us how to renew ourselves
Mintzberg argues that there are three pillars of a healthy society: the public (government), the
private (business), and the plural (nonprofit) but at this point he gives less stress the collective
community which forms the basis of this system as one of the pillars of the system. He uses a TopDown approach which is not usually applied for sociology as he tends to loose focus on society as a
whole.
He then blames about the system about how Communism collapsed because the public sector
overwhelmed the others and how Capitalism is in crisis because the private sector has come to
dominate, particularly in the United States. Here he stresses that large corporations have attained
positions of power, justified by the political approach in US(Lobby based) It states that greed is good,
property is sacrosanct, markets are sufficient, and governments due to this become suspects of the
system and get weakened. Mintzberg here captures the faults that are in the two extreme
system
He stresses that the focus must lie on the Plural sector which is highly neglected by the
system.
Radical renovations will begin the communities that tackle the problem by itself rather than the
systems in place. He trusts that the communities can be effective in order to achieve a higher
efficiency of solving the problem as they are facing it rather than a central authority. Now the author
is right in stating his intentions of a plural society of Collective activism. Current changes in the
political system has been analyzed and the author stresses that this is the way forward in
order to achieve the results to address a problem.
Private: Author applauds some honest CSR activity in corporate at the start but he states that all
companies are not the same. Problems that are created by the companies cannot be solved only by
these companies. He states that the problems that are created by the companies cannot be resolved
by that company or the other. Author rightly stresses that companies are individuals
highly caring for themselves and leave the society at a loss though increasing the
economy. He also stresses the fact that some companies are doing good to the society but the
impact of these companies on the society must also be analyzed
Author underlines the fact about the fact the overdependence on the governments can also lead to
unwanted disturbance in the society through widespread imbalance. He states that the governments
today are increasingly paralyzed and the decision making power doesnt lie with the government
institutions at all but on the other factors like the organizational structure which makes it very hard
to take effective decision within time to create an impact in the ecosystem. Author but supports the
western system and states that it is superior than the communist system which is unacceptable
as it happened through geopolitical change but not a vital test on the systems itself.

Eastern countries which had its only focus on the government sector failed due to not focusing on
other sectors in which growth are simulating so they faced unequal growth as well as a decrease in
the balance in the society due to impeded growth. The higher focus on companies in western world
has also created an imbalance and international institutions have grown but still they are ineffective
Community as a whole can act as the effective medium of solving its own problems that are
prevalent in the society. It is our own individual responsibilities that are responsible for solving a
problem. For many years there has been battle between Right and Left ideologies but there is sector
in the middle which will play both as rebalancing the societies as well as creating new initiatives.
Author stress the focus on how social movements can shape the community and how they can
integrate the greater divides that can be seen in todays society and how they can rectify the gap
between the right and left ideologies. These initiatives must go beyond local and influence the global
community.
These changes are influencing the world positively but not as fast as the world is damaged so there is
a difference between two which can be bridged only through people who must rely less on the
government and private. He clearly states that this would in turn influence government and Private
to work effectively to coordinate with public to form a successful partnership

2. Life Expectancy correlation with income

a) Yes, there is a correlation between the Life expectancy and Income per capita as proven by
data that the people from rich country outlive their poor counterparts. When comparing
across countries poor countries tend to outperform the richer country as the growth rate of
GDP is higher which will be proportionate to the rate Life expectancy and this will in turn
show a diminishing growth for developed nations.
Correlation between LE in 19 th century is completely different from the correlation in 20 th century.
Most countries had life expectancy that is not related to the income as the technology for life sciences
as the result of Two world wars the life expectancy started to increase at a faster rate than ever for
example Canada having life expectancy of 41 in 1860 had life expectancy of 71 in 1950. For most
developing countries the life expectancy almost doubled but the average wage just increased after the
industrialization and globalization of these states after late 1900s
The independence of LE is highly predominant in poor countries for Sudan the per capita income
decreased due to the consistent economic instability but the life expectancy increased at a very faster
rate. It is also found that a number of factors affecting life expectancy and per capita income being
one
1) Improvement of health technologies
2) Reach of the technology to the people
3) Income growth
The fact that the relationship between income and health is disproportional indicates that a transfer
of income from the rich to the poor would increase the average health of a society and this proves

that that poor countries should focus on economic growth, and that health improvements will come
about spontaneously as a result of increases in income.

The years that I have chosen for analysis are

1) 1815 End of Battle of Waterloo and beginning of the Industrial revolution
2) 1860 Beginning of American civil war and unification of Germany and Italy
3) 1918 End of World war 1
4) 1944 End of World war 2
5) 1997 South east Asian crisis and 2nd oil bust

Canada
Year

LE

India

Argentina

IPP

LE

IPP

LE

IPP

China
LE

IPP

Sudan
LE

IPP

1815

39

1340

25.4

1050

33.2

1510

32

985

31.4

519

1860

41.4

2220

25.4

1060

33.2

2350

31

975

31

605

1918

48.6

5170

23.1

1210

37.3

6340

32

893

31.4

768

1944

68.5

12400

35

908

61.5

7610

40

582

46.4

1840

1997

79.5

37600

61.5

2630

74.4

10800

71.9

3960

64.7

2340

It can be seen from the correlation that the level of disparity between Canada/Argentina/Sudan can
be discussed.
The Income level of Argentina was greater than Canada and Sudan in 1815 as it involved in higher
trade and the level of health was distributed continent wise as Canada had equal life expectancy as
most of the North American countries during that time and Sudan having life expectancy of Africa at
that time
1860: In 1860 Canadas LE exploded with a very higher rate though the income level was constant
due to lower trade than Argentina. Sudan had no growth both in the LE and per capita.In 1918
Argentina was getting higher income level but the LE didnt increase as the reach of health
technology didnt reach Argentina but being in center stage Canada had reach to the technology
In 1944 the real differentiation between the developed and developing countries created as we can
see the surge in both income and the LE in Canada that is far higher than the other countries which
are developing. The world wars proved to be a turning point of the LE with the increased
technological penetration throughout the world. In 1997 we can observe the pattern that the
developed countries LE flattened out but for the developing countries the LE is developing at the
faster rate with the effective growth of the income levels as previously stated.

b)

India
Years
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000

LE
25
25
18
34
61

China
IPP
1052
1055
1194
922
2548

LE
32
32
32
39
72

IPP
985
985
894
529
3678

For the first 150 years (1800-1950), there was no much of difference in both the countries. Indias life
expectancy till a low of 18 in 1900 because of famine and colonization of British. Also, historically the
population of both the countries were high and hence, the IPP has always been low.
Around 1950, due to medical improvements, there has been an increase in life expectancy and in
turn the IPP has gone low. Since, there were more number of people to work, the income was lesser
in average.

After 1950s, there has been numerous medical breakthroughs and that increased IE to almost a twofold. In 1979 the real change happened Deng Xiaoping followed the free china policy and FDI
policy was introduced which uplifted the China from its state of poverty to an export surplus nation
with very high industrial growth. Since, China liberalized a decade before India, the growth of China
seems to be faster. In 1990s the Indian growth happened due to liberalization and the life
expectancy also has increased. The trend is that the Chinese growth in LE and IPC has stagnated in
recent years but Indias levels are growing at a faster pace.
The solution starts with the identification of the unmet need in the society which can be achieved by
source of the problem and rectifying the problem through a step wise approach of Identify- InventImplement. This process involves the analysis of different stakeholders in the process and how it
affects the problem.

3.Need Identification

Need identification will help you gain a deeper understanding of the community. Each community
has its own needs and assets, as well as its own culture and social structure -- a unique web of
relationships, history, strengths, and conflicts that defines it. Need identification helps to uncover
not only needs and resources, but the underlying culture and social structure that will help you
understand how to address the community's needs and utilize its resources.
An assessment will encourage community members to consider the community's assets and how to
use them, as well as the community's needs and how to address them.

It will help you make decisions about priorities for program or system improvement. It would
obviously be hard to try to address community issues without fully understanding what they are and
how they began. Failing to take advantage of community resources not only represents taking on a
problem without using all the tools at your disposal to solve it, but misses an opportunity to increase
the community for solving its own problems and creating its own change.
Here I would like showcase need analysis of the agriculture and income of a village.
IDENTIFY
1) Customer Needs Survey finding unmet Agricultural needs (As the agriculture is the
predominant income source in the community I would like to analyze the income levels of the
community and understand the difference between the village and other similar locations)
Identifying the cropping pattern and the supply chain involved in the agriculture and the effective
irrigation pattern of the agricultural produce
Identification of the alternate source of income for the families through Agri-allied industry with
surveys
2) Observation It involves the observation of the current process and mapping the entire value
chain of the farmer involved in the process
3) Problem ID - Identifying the problems in the process identified through the observation from
the farmer and involving in the field study of the problem and the stakeholders that are affected by
the problem and how the problem can be restructured so that no one gets affected.
4) Need Statement - Translate the Problems into a Statement of Farmers needs and reduce
problem to a causal factor that produces undesirable outcome. State what change in outcome is
required to resolve problem. It does not mention how the need will be solved but the steps for
improvement to innovative solutions rather than locking in one solution for the problem
INVENT
1.) Idea Generation After identifying the problem involved in the process the next step would be
in identifying the solutions and the ideation phase involves coming up with a number of ideas as well
as screening of the ideas using the feasibility analysis by understanding the fit to the community in
which the problem arose.
2.) Idea Selection
Idea selection would involve lot of stakeholders in the process and taking into consideration of those
factors the idea would be created to involve the higher level of satisfying the underlying conditions
The sustainable solution model must be developed for the process to identify the effective solution
that is necessary for the process development. Prototyping of the model will be done in order to
replicate the process this prototype would show the activity of the process that is involved in
development of solution
IMPLEMENT
Pilot phase: For agriculture a pilot case of study is implemented in order to identify the feasibility
of the solution developed in the process involved. The success of the pilot phase would be replicated
in order to involve in a large scale implementation

Integration: Model for integrating the process without changing the current system is necessary to
not affect the value chain of the current process involved. Operations and the financing part of the
plan must also be shown to the farmers along with the benefits in order to induce a higher adoption
rate of the community
Precautions: The effective change in the system must not lead to other problems that arise due to
the implementation. Long term effects of the system is analyzed using this system in order to identify
the continuation of the system to a longer term
Discovering the existence of unmet needs: This is a challenging as the basic root cause of the
problem must identified else the problem identified would lead to an unmet need and the entire
structure of the need identification would falter
Thus developing a plan for identifying local needs and resources can help people understand how to
improve their communities in the most logical and efficient ways possible. They in turn provide a
plan for developing and implementing a plan to assess the needs of communities and the resources
available to them.

4) Facebook post
MNG 629 Agriculture: Ambegaon, Pune
we visited Ambegaon in Pune district which is a village situated in "Bhimasankar forest area" near
Dhimbe dam. I observed something strange during the visit - a difference in lifestyle even within the
village. The lower part which is situated downhill had Pucca houses with farm animals and sufficient
amount of land for irrigation, but the scenario was entirely different in the uphill where the houses
where thatched and there was no availability of land for cultivation. Even resource wise the people in
Uphill had hemoglobin deficiency as well as no place to get treatments until provided by Government
or NGO named shashwat that we visited. The people Up hill lived in small communities of 10 houses
each separated by around 10 km and the nearest NGO run school was around 15 Km from base
village and Only two teachers could be seen. They have a Per capita of about 2000 rs/year and only
source of income was Hirada. They cultivated the land for their own utility. There is an NGO working
on such space to improve the farmers livelihood.

Swavlamban, a Sanskrit term which means Selfdependent. While working exclusively with vulnerable and deprived community, we have found
that for more than 80% families, agriculture is the only way to transform their lives. Yet somehow
families largely cannot make it due to lack of technical knowledge and aid, financial networks, and
the support of government stakeholders (as many did not know such community even exist).
Believing that modern farming techniques and government stakeholders support can completely
change the lives of thousands of children, we have come up with this innovative solution called
Swavlamban.
How it works?
Swavlamban aims to improve the livelihoods of farmers and their families through progressive
farming thatdecreases input costs, increases production, connects them with financial
networks, and takes full advantage of government assistance. Swavlamban targets the
problem of poverty in a context where as many as 80% of families survive by means of subsistence
farming. Advanced farming practices with the help of progressive government schemes offer farmers
the promise of better standards of living, but in remote and underprivileged communities agriculture
workers are still not reaching their full potential. Swavlamban seeks to educate farmers about
these available practices and government programs in order to propel them towards a future
of dignity anda better living wage for them and their families. Consistent and adequate income
empowers individuals and creates a better home environment where children are more likely to
experience all of their rights.