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DocumentNumber:P1887373806138030905034001
Revision:1
Project942914EPCservicesfortheproposedMorupuleBtoIsang400kVlineconstructionand
associatedtransmissionworks
ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirements
TransAfricaProjects(Pty)Ltd
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Date
Comment
19August2016
MorupuleAand220kVIntertieLineremovedfromScope.
08April2016
Documentissued.
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TableofContents
1
Executivesummary...............................................................................................................14
Overview...............................................................................................................................17
2.1
IntegrationInformation........................................................................................................17
2.1.1
EnvironmentalConditions.............................................................................................17
2.2
MethodStatements..............................................................................................................17
3 ConceptualDesign:SubstationPrimaryPlant........................................................................18
3.1
MorupuleB400/220kVSubstation......................................................................................18
3.1.1
SubstationScopeOverview..........................................................................................18
3.1.2
ExistingStationElectricDiagram..................................................................................21
3.1.3
ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork..............................22
3.1.4
ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork.......................................................23
3.1.5
PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign......................................................................24
3.2
Isang400/220kVSubstation................................................................................................34
3.2.1
SubstationScopeOverview..........................................................................................34
3.2.2
ExistingStationElectricDiagram..................................................................................37
3.2.3
ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork(optionA).............38
3.2.4
ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork(OptionA).....................................39
3.2.5
PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign......................................................................40
4 ConceptualDesign:SecondarySystems.................................................................................44
4.1
Overview...............................................................................................................................44
4.2
SecondarySystemsIntegration.............................................................................................44
4.2.1
ProtectionSettingsandCoordination.........................................................................44
4.2.2
ControlSystemSignalLists...........................................................................................44
4.2.3
ProductsupportinSouthernAfrica..............................................................................44
4.2.4
QualityPlan...................................................................................................................44
4.2.5
FactoryAcceptanceTesting..........................................................................................45
4.2.6
SiteAcceptanceTesting................................................................................................46
4.3
ProtectionandControlPhilosophy.......................................................................................48
4.3.1
Overallphilosophyanddesignguidelines.....................................................................48
4.3.2
ProductVendorConstraints..........................................................................................48
4.3.3
400kVFeederProtection.............................................................................................49
4.3.4
400kVBusbar/LineReactorProtection........................................................................49
4.4
ScopeofSecondaryPlantIsang400/220kVSubstation....................................................49
4.4.1
Background...................................................................................................................49
4.4.2
IsangScopeofnewworks.............................................................................................50
4.4.3
IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederProtectionScheme..........................................50
4.4.4
IsangMorupuleBNo.1LineReactorProtectionScheme.........................................55
4.4.5
IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme.........................................60
4.4.6
IsangMorupuleBNo.2Busbar/LineReactorProtectionScheme............................65
4.4.7
Isang400kVBusbarProtectionScheme....................................................................69
4.4.8
IsangTravelingwavefaultlocator..............................................................................72
4.4.9
IsangSubstationAutomationNetworkCommunications..........................................72
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4.4.10 IsangIEC61850Requirements...................................................................................74
4.4.11 IsangOtherSecondarySystems.................................................................................75
4.4.12 IsangTelecommunications.........................................................................................77
4.4.13 IsangConceptualControlRoomLayout.....................................................................80
4.5
ScopeofSecondaryPlantMorupuleBPowerStation400kVHVYard.............................81
4.5.1
Background...................................................................................................................81
4.5.2
ApplicableSpecifications..............................................................................................81
4.5.3
ScopeofproposedadditionsatMorupuleB................................................................82
4.5.4
Scopeofproposednewworks......................................................................................94
5 ConceptualDesign:Powerlines............................................................................................111
5.1
General................................................................................................................................111
5.2
ServitudeandEnvironmentalConsiderations....................................................................111
5.2.1
RouteAlignmentOverview.........................................................................................111
5.2.2
VegetationandLandscapeDescription......................................................................112
5.2.3
Servitudebushclearing...............................................................................................114
5.2.4
Climate........................................................................................................................114
5.2.5
BirdProtection............................................................................................................115
5.2.6
AviationProtection.....................................................................................................117
5.2.7
BendPointsandCrossings..........................................................................................118
5.2.8
Substationexit............................................................................................................120
5.3
ClearanceRequirements.....................................................................................................122
5.4
ConductorSelection............................................................................................................122
5.5
EnvironmentaleffectsofCorona,ElectricandMagneticFields.........................................123
5.5.1
Introduction................................................................................................................123
5.5.2
Coronaasfieldeffect..................................................................................................124
5.5.3
PowerfrequencyElectricandMagneticFields(EMF)asfieldeffect..........................125
5.5.4
SimulationofCoronaandNoiseParameters..............................................................127
5.5.5
Impactofthetoweronfieldeffects...........................................................................128
5.5.6
RadioInterference(RI)................................................................................................128
5.5.7
Fieldeffectsconclusions.............................................................................................129
5.6
GroundWireSelection........................................................................................................130
5.6.1
Findings.......................................................................................................................130
5.6.2
Recommendations......................................................................................................133
5.7
Insulators.............................................................................................................................135
5.7.1
TowerTypes................................................................................................................135
5.7.2
InsulatorSelection......................................................................................................135
5.7.3
Insulatorrecommendations........................................................................................137
5.8
Hardware............................................................................................................................138
5.8.1
General........................................................................................................................138
5.8.2
Material.......................................................................................................................138
5.8.3
StrainAssembly...........................................................................................................138
5.8.4
SuspensionAssembly..................................................................................................139
5.8.5
MechanicalOscillationProtection..............................................................................140
5.8.6
StayAssembly.............................................................................................................142
5.8.7
TowerLabels...............................................................................................................143
5.8.8
Servitudegates............................................................................................................144
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5.9
Earthing...............................................................................................................................145
5.9.1
Towerfeettorebarconnection.................................................................................145
5.9.2
Terminaltowertosubstationearthmatconnection.................................................146
5.9.3
Additionalearthingcounterpoise............................................................................147
5.9.4
Insulatedgroundwires...............................................................................................147
5.10 Towers.................................................................................................................................147
5.10.1 DesignCriteria.............................................................................................................148
5.10.2 ProfilingDetails...........................................................................................................149
5.10.3 Transposition...............................................................................................................150
5.10.4 LivestockProofing.......................................................................................................151
5.10.5 AntiTheftmeasuresontowersteel...........................................................................152
5.10.6 Anticlimbingdevices..................................................................................................152
5.10.7 FallArrestSystem.......................................................................................................153
5.11 Foundations........................................................................................................................154
5.11.1 FoundationCriteria.....................................................................................................154
5.11.2 FoundationSystems....................................................................................................154
5.11.3 Foundationstrengthfactors.......................................................................................155
5.11.4 FoundationLoads........................................................................................................155
5.11.5 SoilClassification.........................................................................................................156
5.11.6 Proofloadtesting........................................................................................................157
5.12 ConceptualHardwareDrawings.........................................................................................158
6 DeclarationandDeviationSchedule....................................................................................161
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TableofFigures
Figure31:TopographicalviewofunconfirmedGenerationplantexpansionpositionatMorupuleB
substation.............................................................................................................................................18
Figure32:ExistingStationElectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation......................................21
Figure33:ConceptualStationelectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation(ScopeofWorkonly)
..............................................................................................................................................................22
Figure34:ConceptualKeyPlanlayoutforMorupuleBSubstation(scopeofworkonly)...................23
Figure35:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusSection........................................................................24
Figure36:SectionofMorupuleB400kVGeneratorTransformerbay...............................................25
Figure37:SectionofMorupuleB400kVStationTransformerbay....................................................26
Figure38:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbay.................................................................27
Figure39:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusReactorbay.................................................................29
Figure310:SectionofMorupuleB400kVFeeder+LineReactorbay...............................................30
Figure311:SectionofMorupuleB400kVTransferCouplerbay.......................................................31
Figure312:SectionofMorupuleB400/220kVTransformerInterconnectorbay..............................32
Figure313:TopographicalviewofIsang400/220kVlayout...............................................................34
Figure314:ExistingStationElectricDiagramofIsang400/220kVSubstation...................................37
Figure315:ConceptualStationElectricDiagramIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWork
only)......................................................................................................................................................38
Figure316:ConceptualKeyPlanLayoutforIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWorkonly)
..............................................................................................................................................................39
Figure317:SectionofIsang400kVNo.2BusReactorbay................................................................40
Figure318:Sectionof400kVMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederbay......................................................42
Figure319:SectionofMorupuleBNo.1&2LineReactorbayOptionA.........................................43
Figure41:Generalviewofthe400kVequipmentpanels.................................................................50
Figure42:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel1).....................................................................................70
Figure43:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel2).....................................................................................71
Figure44:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel3).....................................................................................71
Figure45:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkExisting............................................................73
Figure46:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkProposed.........................................................74
Figure47:GooseDatasetContents.....................................................................................................75
Figure48:ABBRTU560,MeinbergGPSandRuggedcomSwitchatIsang...........................................76
Figure49:IsangsubstationHMIshowing400kVOverview................................................................77
Figure410:ISANG220MultiplexerPanel...........................................................................................78
Figure411:OPGWPatchPanelsinFIBREREGENEQUIPMENTPanel..............................................78
Figure412:ISANG400MultiplexerPanel...........................................................................................79
Figure413:Isangconceptualcontrolroomlayout..............................................................................80
Figure414:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelA)..........................................................................82
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Figure415:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelB)...........................................................................83
Figure416:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelC)...........................................................................83
Figure417:Controlroomspaceconstraints.......................................................................................85
Figure418:Tiledwallmimic................................................................................................................91
Figure419:Detailedviewoftiledwallmimic......................................................................................92
Figure420:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptualLayout......................................................93
Figure421:MultiplexerConceptualDesign......................................................................................109
Figure422:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptual..............................................................110
Figure51:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2ProposedRoute(GoogleEarth)............................112
Figure52:Excerptfromlineroutemapindicatingtheterrainobstacles(GoogleMaps).............113
Figure53:Typicalshrublevelvegetationalongthelineroute.........................................................114
Figure54:ClimatechartofMahalapye.............................................................................................115
Figure55:MahalapyeRivercrossing.................................................................................................116
Figure56:Birdguardsfittedona515BGuyedveestructure..........................................................116
Figure57:A14Roadcrossing(indicatingAerialWarningDevices)...................................................117
Figure58:HVLinesexitingMorupuleAandB..................................................................................120
Figure59:HVLinesexitingIsang.......................................................................................................121
Figure510:L50WetAudibleNoisePrediction(BPA)515BTower.................................................125
Figure511:ElectricFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower................................126
Figure512:MagneticFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower............................127
Figure513:RadioNoisePredictionat500kHz(BPA)515BTower.................................................129
Figure514:GraphdepictingfaultcurrentdistributionalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2
............................................................................................................................................................130
Figure515:SchematicofgroundwirelayoutforMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2.......................134
Figure516:400kVStrainAssemblyforTripleTernACSR.................................................................138
Figure517:400kVIStringSuspensionAssembly.............................................................................139
Figure518:400kVVStringSuspensionAssembly............................................................................140
Figure519:Examplesoftriplebundlespacerdampers....................................................................141
Figure520:StockbridgeDamper.......................................................................................................142
Figure521:ConceptualUboltassemblyforGuyedVeetowers.......................................................143
Figure522:TowerLabels...................................................................................................................143
Figure523:Towernumberonevery10thtower................................................................................144
Figure524:Proposedservitudegate.................................................................................................145
Figure525:Schematicconnectionbetweentowersteelandreinforcingbars.................................146
Figure526:Terminaltowerbondedtosubstationearthmat............................................................146
Figure527:515BGuyedveesuspensionstructure..........................................................................148
Figure528:PhaseconductortranspositiononexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine1..............151
Figure529:Phasetranspositioneffectedwith515Gsuspensiontowers........................................151
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Figure530:Antithefttypebolts.......................................................................................................152
Figure531:Barbedwiretypeanticlimbingdevices.........................................................................153
Figure532:ConceptualIStringAssembly.........................................................................................158
Figure533:ConceptualVStringAssembly........................................................................................159
Figure534:ConceptualStrainHardwareAssembly..........................................................................160
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TableofTables
Table11:SubstationswithinScope.....................................................................................................14
Table12:LineswithinScope................................................................................................................14
Table13:HighLevelScopeOverviewSubstationsPrimaryPlant.....................................................15
Table14:HighLevelScopeOverviewOverheadPowerlines............................................................15
Table15:HighLevelScopeOverviewSecondarySystems...............................................................16
Table31:ProposedBaysrequiredforMorupuleB400kVexpansion................................................19
Table32:MorupuleB400kVBusSectionbayconcept....................................................................24
Table33:MorupuleBGeneratorTransformer400kVbayconcept.................................................25
Table34:MorupuleBStationTransformer400kVbayconcept.....................................................26
Table35:MorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbayconcept..................................................................27
Table36:MorupuleB400kVSpareLineFeederbayconcept..........................................................28
Table37:MorupuleB400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept..............................................................29
Table38:MorupuleB400kVLineFeederwithReactorbayconcept..............................................30
Table39:MorupuleB400kVTransferBusCouplerbayconcept.....................................................31
Table310:MorupuleB400/220kVTransformerbayconcept.........................................................32
Table311:MorupuleB400kVBusbarconcept................................................................................33
Table312:Proposedadditional400kVbaysatIsangsubstation.......................................................36
Table313:Isang400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept.......................................................................40
Table314:Isang400kVBusbarReactorinterconnectingbypasstolinefeederbayconcept..........41
Table315:Isang400kVLineFeederbayconcept..............................................................................42
Table316:Isang400kVLineReactorbayconceptMorupuleBNo.1&2....................................43
Table41:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................52
Table42:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................53
Table43:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................56
Table44:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................58
Table45:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................62
Table46:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................63
Table47:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................67
Table48:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................68
Table49:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................86
Table410:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality................................................................88
Table51:Climaticdatafortheprojectarea......................................................................................115
Table52:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2:Bendpointcoordinates..............................................118
Table53:MajorcrossingsalongtheproposedMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2route.................119
Table54:TableofMinimumClearances(SANS102801:2013)........................................................122
Table55:Lineparametersforconductorandtowercombinations..................................................123
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Table56:Summaryofthedatausedasinputtothebundleselection.............................................124
Table57:ICNIRP2010ExposureGuidelinesfor50HzElectricandMagneticFields........................125
Table58:EskomLineDesignLimits...................................................................................................126
Table59:BPASimulationconditions.................................................................................................127
Table510:Faultlevelsat400kVBusbaratendsubstations............................................................130
Table511:DistributionoffaultcurrentalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2.......................131
Table512:Groundwireproperties...................................................................................................131
Table513:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandGSW19/2.7.............................................132
Table514:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandPetrelACSR.............................................133
Table515:GlassCapandPinvs.CompositeInsulators.....................................................................136
Table516:KeyInsulatorparameters.................................................................................................137
Table517:NumberandPlacingofDampersonaSpan:C=2100m...................................................142
Table518:Conductortensionlimits..................................................................................................149
Table519:Towerprofilingdata.........................................................................................................150
Table520:Conventionalfoundationdesignsystems........................................................................154
Table521:Alternativepiledfoundationsystems..............................................................................155
Table522:Foundationloadsfor515BGuyedVeetower.................................................................155
Table523:Foundationloadsfor515selfsupportingtowers...........................................................156
Table61:ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirementsDeviationSchedule............................161
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AbbreviationsandAcronyms
AAAC
AllAluminiumAlloyConductors
ACSR
AluminiumConductorSteelReinforced
AIS
AirInsulatedSubstation
AVR
AutomaticVoltageRegulation
BPC
BotswanaPowerCorporation
CIC
CapitalInvestmentCost
DEM
DigitalElevationModel
EHV
ExtraHighVoltage(220kVA.C.<Un400kVA.C.)
EMF
ElectricandMagneticField
ESIA
EnvironmentalandSocialImpactStudy
GSW
GalvanisedSteelWire
HV
IDMT
HighVoltage(33kVA.C.<Un220kVA.C.)
InverseDefiniteMeanTime
IEC
InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission
IED
IntelligentElectronicDevice
IEEE
InstituteofElectricalandElectronicEngineers
IPP
IndependentPowerProducer
kV
KiloVolt(1000V)
LCC
LV
MCMkcmil
MTS
MV
LifeCycleCost
LowVoltage(Un<1000VA.C.)
MCMisanabbreviationforthousandsofcircularmils,anoldmeasurement
ofwiregauge.1MCM=1kcmil=0.5067squaremillimetres.Amilis
1/1000inch.
MainTransmissionSubstation
MediumVoltage(1000VA.C.<Un33kVA.C.)
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MVA
MVAr
MW
NECRT
NGR
NiCad
MegaVoltAmpereReactive
MegaWatt(1000000W)
Neutralearthingcompensator(NEC)withneutralearthingresistor(NER)and
auxiliarytransformer(IEEEdefinition)
NeutralGroundingReactor
NickelCadmium
OEM
OriginalEngineeringManufacturer
OOM
OrderOfMagnitude
OPGW
OpticalFibreCompositeOverheadGroundWire
PCC
PointofCommonCoupling
PortableDocumentFormat
PGC
PointofGeneratorCoupling
PoE
PoweroverEthernet
QA
QualityAssurance
QC
QualityControl
RFP
SANS
MegaVoltAmpere
RequestforPrice
SouthAfricanNationalStandard
SAS
SubstationAutomationSystem
SED
StationElectricDiagram
SW
Shieldwirealsoreferredtoasagroundwireorearthwire
TAP
TransAfricaProjects
TCO
TotalCostofOperation
UTS
UltimateTensileStrength
TPIS
TeleProtectionIsolationSwitch
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Executivesummary
TransAfrica Projects (TAP) was appointed to compile a conceptual design and major equipment
specificationsrelatedtothe400kVintegrationbetweenMorupuleBandIsang(400kV)substations.
The 400kV integration is comprised of a second 218km of 400kV single circuit powerline from
MorupuleBsubstationtoIsangsubstation,aswellasexpansionofthe400kVinfrastructureatboth
MorupuleBandIsangsubstations.
Table11:SubstationswithinScope
No.
Category
SubstationName
Status&Type
BusbarArrangement
Voltage
Doublebusbar(MainandReserve
Busbar(s)),includingfeederbreakerbypass,
Transferbusbar
400kV
Doublebusbar(MainandReserve
Busbar(s)),includingfeederbreakerbypass
400kV
MorupuleB
Existing,Highstrung
andsuspendedTubular
busbar
Isang
Existing,Highstrung
andTubularbusbar
Table12:LineswithinScope
Category
No. Feeder
1
MorupuleBIsang
Type
Structure
Voltage
Lattice
515Series
400kV
As part of the overall scope, a Network Study was conducted to evaluate the reactive power
compensationrequirementsatIsangandMorupuleBat400kV.Theacceptedrecommendationsof
thisstudyandtheacceptedoverallproposedscopeperdisciplinearesummarisedinthetablebelow.
Subsequently,thesummarybelowisoutlinedindetailintheConceptualDesignReportthatfollows.
Toaidthereader,somedrawingsareincludedinthesectionsforwhichtheyarerelevant.
Note that it is suggested that this document be read in conjunction with the following reference
documentation:
BPCEngineeringSpecificationno.NWGTCENSPEC01(Rev.4)
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Table13:HighLevelScopeOverviewSubstationsPrimaryPlant
No.
Substation
Transformer
Capacity
Line
Busbar
Busbar
EquippedFeederBays(Line/TRF/Coupler)
400kV
Reactor
Reactor
(incl.NGR)
(incl.NGR)
400/220kV
400kV
400kV
400kV
2x50MVAr
1x50MVAr
Doubletubular
busbar+
Transfertubular
busbar
MorupuleB
2xBusSection
2xLineFeeder&Reactor
2xGeneratorTransformer
1xStationTransformer
1xBusCoupler
1xTransferBusCoupler
1xBusbarReactor
Isang
2x50MVAr
1x50MVAr
SingleTubular
busbarfor
Reactor
interfacewith
Feederbay
1xLineFeeder
2xLineReactor
1xBusbarReactor
Table14:HighLevelScopeOverviewOverheadPowerlines
No.
Feeder
Length
Voltage
Maximum
Transfer
Capacity
Conductor&Bundle
Configuration
Structure
218km
400kV
1640MVA
TripleTernACSR
515Series
MorupuleBIsang
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Table15:HighLevelScopeOverviewSecondarySystems
No.
1
Substation
MorupuleB
ScopeOverview
ExistingControlRoom
1xMorupuleBIsangNo.2FeederProtectionScheme(useexistingspare);
1xMorupuleBIsangNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme(Newinexistingcontrolroom);
NumerousExistingControlRoomChanges/Upgradesdescribedingreaterdetailinsection3.5;
Ancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
UpdatelocalHMIandgatewayasrequired;
Installandconfiguremultiplexerequipmentasrequired
NewControlRoom
Allnewsecondaryplantequipmentrequiredforthenewbays(includingthebussections)intheextended400kVyardshall
beinstalledinanewcontrolroom;
Anewbuszoneschemeisalsotobeinstalledinthenewcontrolroom;
Dedicatedcurrenttransformercoresforbuszoneinterconnections;
Ancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
InstalllocalHMIandgatewayasrequired;
Installandconfiguremultiplexerequipmentasrequired
Isang
1xnew400kVfeederprotectionschemefortheIsangMorupuleBNo.2line;
2xnewdedicated400kVlinereactorschemesforeachoftheIsangMorupuleBlines;
1xnewselectable400kVbusbar/linereactorscheme;
4xadditionalbusbarmodulesonexisting400kVbusbarprotection;
Eightbay(TWS)distancetofaultrecorderequippedfor2bayson400kVline;
Ancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
UpdatelocalHMIandRTUasrequired;
InstallandconfigureadditionalmodulesonFOX515multiplexersasrequired
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ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirements
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Overview
ThisdocumentpurposestodescribetheconceptualdesignandintegrationrequirementsforIsangand
MorupuleB.AstheIsangsubstationandMorupuleBpowerstationHVyardsareexisting,thisportion
considerstheupgradeandintegrationthatneedstobeachievedduringtheIsangMorupuleB(Lot6
oftheNORTHWESTTRANSMISSIONGRIDCONNECTION(NWTGC)PROJECT)project.
ItmustbenotedthatthisdocumentmustbereadinconjunctionwiththeIsangMorupuleBproject
scope of work. It must also be noted that where a conflict or discrepancy is found between this
document and other projectrelated documents, clarity must be sought. The Engineer will issue
interpretations and clarifications as he may deem fit in writing. All such interpretations and
clarificationsshallformapartofthebiddingdocumentandshallaccompanytheBiddersproposal.
TheEngineerwillrespondinwritingtoanyrequestforclarificationofthebiddingdocument,received
no later than fifteen (15) days prior to the deadline for submission of bids prescribed. Copies of
clarificationsalongwiththequerywillbeinformedtoallprospectiveBidderswhohaveobtainedBid
Documents.
CompliancetoboththisdocumentandthedetailedspecificationsbymeansoftheassociatedA/Band
complianceschedulesmustbeprovidedtoavoidriskofdisqualification.
Furthermore,thedeclarationanddeviationscheduleattachedtothisdocumentmustbesignedand
returnedwiththeBidderstender.
2.1
IntegrationInformation
2.1.1
EnvironmentalConditions
2.1.1.1
The equipment covered by this specification shall be suitable for operation under the
followingconditions:
General
Altitude
:Inland1100mmaximum
Relativehumidity :30%
Lightning:
KeuranicLevel
40daysperyear
GroundFlashDensity 4flashes/km2/year
Equipmentroomairtemperatures
Maximum
Yearlyaverage
Minimum
:70C
:35C
:5C
2.2
MethodStatements
2.2.1
Bidders are required to submit an integration and method statement for the lines
disciplineandanintegrationandmethodstatementforeachsubstationfortheprimary
andsecondaryplantdisciplines.
2.2.2
Themethodologystatementsarerequiredtoprovidedetailsastohowthedesignwillbe
performedandprojectexecutionistobecompletedtimeously,safely,accuratelyandwith
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highquality.Aproposedsequenceofeventandassociateddesignactivityschedulemust
alsobeincluded.Ofparticularimportanceistheintegrationaspectswithexistingplant
andequipment.
ConceptualDesign:SubstationPrimaryPlant
3.1
MorupuleB400/220kVSubstation
3.1.1
SubstationScopeOverview
The existing 400kV substation is to be expanded to facilitate an IPP integration at 400kV into
MorupuleBsubstation.
Itremainsuncertain,atthetimeofwritingthisreport,whereexactlytheproposedIPPgeneration
plant will be constructed. The conceptual design is therefore based on the assumption that the
proposedIPPplantwillformpartoftheexistinggenerationplantandforconceptualdesignpurposes
extendedandduplicatedasindicatedinyellow,aswellasthedirectionofthe400kVyardexpansion
tobeasindicatedwiththeredarrow,withinFigure31.
Figure31:TopographicalviewofunconfirmedGenerationplantexpansionpositionatMorupuleB
substation
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The400kVexpansionwillincorporatethefollowingadditionalinfrastructureasacceptedwithinthe
TAPInceptionreport(Option1c):
Table31:ProposedBaysrequiredforMorupuleB400kVexpansion
BayNo.
Required400kVBayDescription
BusSection(MainandReservebusbar)
#5GeneratorTransformer
#3StationTransformer
#6GeneratorTransformer
BusCoupler#2
LineFeeder(spareunequipped)
BusbarReactor#2
LineFeeder(LetlhakaneNo.1)
TransferBusCoupler#2
10
400/220kV315MVATransformerInterconnector#2(spare
unequipped)
The proposed Morupule B Isang 400kV No.2 line feeder will terminate onto the existing spare
400kVfeederbayattheMorupuleBsubstation.Thesparefeederbayisalreadyfullyequippedexcept
fortherequiredLineReactorbayanditsequipmentwhichrequiresextensionoftheexistingplatform.
InordertofitthelineReactorbayin,andtoalignwiththeexistingarrangementoftheIsangNo.1line
Reactor bay, the spare feeder bays Surge Arrester and CVTs structures need to be relocated (re
positioned inwards towards the line CT structure) and the internal road rerouted around the
proposedReactorbay.
TheexistingMain1AandReserve1BbusbarwillbeextendedtowhatwillbethenewMain1B
and Reserve 1B busbar(s), each through a complete bussection, however the new Transfer 1B
busbarwillremainsplitfromtheexistingTransferbusbar1A.Bayconnectivityandbypassesshallbe
doneusinghighstrungbusbararrangement.
The Main 1B, Reserve 1B and Transfer 1B busbar(s) is recommended to be suspended Tubular
arrangement to align with the existing configuration so as to ensure uniformity. All busbar
stringers/jumpers shall be with double conductor/phase configuration. Busbar CVTs are to be
includedfortheMain1B,Reserve1BandTransfer1Bbusbar(s).Busbarearthingshallbeachieved
through the bussection disconnectors for the Main 1B and Reserve 1B busbar(s), whereas the
Transfer 1B busbar shall be earthed through a standalone Earth Switch which is to be positioned
nearbytheTransferCouplerbay.
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The existing control building is not suitable for housing the control plant required for all of the
additionalinfrastructureandassucha2ndcontrolbuildingwillbeconstructedfortheexpansion.
ForstationauxiliaryasupplyfromtheexistingstationwillbeusedaswellasasupplyfromtheIPPAC
auxiliary. A third supply that will be considered is a conversion of the future proposed temporary
builders33/0.4kVsupplyfortheIPPconstructionsite.
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3.1.2
ExistingStationElectricDiagram
Figure32:ExistingStationElectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation
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3.1.3
ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork
Figure33:ConceptualStationelectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation(ScopeofWorkonly)
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3.1.4
ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork
Figure34:ConceptualKeyPlanlayoutforMorupuleBSubstation(scopeofworkonly)
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3.1.5
PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign
3.1.5.1
400kVBusSection
Table32:MorupuleB400kVBusSectionbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
Main1B
Reserve1B
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
12
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
Figure35:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusSection
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3.1.5.2
GeneratorTransformer400kVbay
Table33:MorupuleBGeneratorTransformer400kVbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
GeneratorTRF#5
GeneratorTRF#6
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
12
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
12
CurrentTransformer
12
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
12
Figure36:SectionofMorupuleB400kVGeneratorTransformerbay
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3.1.5.3
StationTransformer400kVBay
Table34:MorupuleBStationTransformer400kVbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
StationTRF#3
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
Figure37:SectionofMorupuleB400kVStationTransformerbay
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3.1.5.4
BusCoupler400kVBay
Table35:MorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
BusCoupler#2
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
Figure38:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbay
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3.1.5.5
LineFeeder400kVBay(Spareunequipped,butbusselectiontobeinstalled)
Table36:MorupuleB400kVSpareLineFeederbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
Sparebay
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
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3.1.5.6
BusbarReactor400kVBay
Table37:MorupuleB400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
BusReactor#2
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
50MVArShuntReactor
NeutralGroundingReactor
Totalbays
PostInsulator
21
Figure39:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusReactorbay
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3.1.5.7
LineFeederandReactor400kVbay
Table38:MorupuleB400kVLineFeederwithReactorbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
Letlhakane#1
Isang#2
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
50MVArShuntReactor
NeutralGroundingReactor
Totalbays
PostInsulator
(note:linebayequipment
existing)
Figure310:SectionofMorupuleB400kVFeeder+LineReactorbay
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3.1.5.8
TransferBusCoupler400kVBay
Table39:MorupuleB400kVTransferBusCouplerbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
TransferCoupler#2
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
Figure311:SectionofMorupuleB400kVTransferCouplerbay
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3.1.5.9
InterconnectingTransformer400/220kV315MVABay
Table310:MorupuleB400/220kVTransformerbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
MorBMorA
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
315MVA400/220/22kVAuto
Transformer
315kVA22kV/415VAuxiliary
Transformer
Totalsparebay
(unequipped)
PostInsulator
Figure312:SectionofMorupuleB400/220kVTransformerInterconnectorbay
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3.1.5.10 400kVBusbar(SuspendedTubular&HighStrung)
Table311:MorupuleB400kVBusbarconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
Main1BBusbar
Reserve1BBusbar
Transfer1BBusbar
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
22kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneTransferbarEarth
Switch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Strain/TensionInsulator
360
Totalbays
PostInsulator
108
***Note:TheIsangNo.2linebaywillbewithintheexisting400kVyardforwhichthefeederbay
equipmentisexisting.
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3.2
Isang400/220kVSubstation
3.2.1
SubstationScopeOverview
The2nd400kVlinefromMorupuleBtoIsangrequiresintegrationatIsangsubstationonthe400kV
busbar. An existing spare feeder bay (an unequipped bay, except for busbar selection which is
installed)willbeusedtoterminatethelineontheothersideoftheexistingbussection.
Additionally, the existing busbar Reactor arrangement will be duplicated to install a 2nd busbar
Reactor,andinterconnectingbusbar,inordertohaveabusbarReactorwhichwillbeswitchableto
theMorupuleBNo.2400kVline.
Figure313:TopographicalviewofIsang400/220kVlayout
LineReactors:
ForreactivecompensationbothMorupuleBNo.1andNo.2feederswilleachhaveadedicatedline
Reactorwhichwillbeinstalledduringthisproject.Duringthisconceptdesigntheasbuiltfoundation
andkeyplanprovidedtoTAPwasfoundnottobeinaccordancewithwhatwasactuallybuiltonsite,
specificallyonlywithreferencetothe2ndbuilding(buildingadjacenttothecontrolroompointedout
inblueinFigure313above).
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ThisbuildingispositionedinsuchawaythatfitmentofaReactor,oranybayforthatmatter,isnot
possible.Asthisbuildingisunderstoodtobeastoreroom/workshophousingageneratorauxiliary
system,andthatithousesnocontrolplant,itispossibletodemolishtheexisting(orpartthereof)
buildinginordertofitintheReactorbayfortheMorupuleBNo.1lineandassuchanewbuildingwill
havetobeerectedorthattheexistingbuildingcanbemodifiedtoinstallthegeneratorroomonthe
otherside.
RefertotheconceptSEDFigure315andKeyPlanFigure316
ItissuggestedtoinstallthelineReactorswithinthevacantspaceasindicatedwiththeredlinesin
Figure 313. The solution incorporates installation of one set of Pantograph disconnectors
underneaththeReservebusbar(forthelinecircuitbreakerbypass),aswellasdemolishmentofthe
existingbuildingtofitintheMorupuleBNo.1lineReactor.
Theexisting400kVReactoratIsangsubstationshallbedesignatedasthebusbarAReactorsincea
new line reactor is to be installed for the Morupule B No1 line. Currently the existing Reactor is
operatedasalineReactorandtherefore,duetothisReactorthatwillnowbeoperatedasabusbar
Reactor, a bypass disconnecting device is required to be installed inbetween the existing Reactor
neutralanditsNeutralGroundingReactor(NGR).ThisNGRisrated0,7Handassuch,forthenewline
shuntReactor,itsNGRshallalsoberatedexactlythesamefortheMorupuleNo1400kVline.
TheNGRsfortheMorupuleNo2400kVlineshallberated3H,subsequentlysoshallthe2ndbusbar
ReactorsNGRberated.
Theexistingcontrolbuildingissuitableforhousingtheadditionalcontrolplantrequiredforallofthe
newinfrastructureandSERGIschemes.
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The400kVexpansionwillincorporatethefollowingadditionalinfrastructureasacceptedwithinthe
InceptionreportsOption2:
Table312:Proposedadditional400kVbaysatIsangsubstation
BayNo.
Required400kVBayDescription
BusbarReactor#2
LineFeeder(MorupuleBNo.2)
LineReactor(MorupuleBNo.1)
LineReactor(MorupuleBNo.2)
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3.2.2
ExistingStationElectricDiagram
Figure314:ExistingStationElectricDiagramofIsang400/220kVSubstation
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3.2.3
ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork(optionA)
Figure315:ConceptualStationElectricDiagramIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWorkonly)
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3.2.4
ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork(OptionA)
Figure316:ConceptualKeyPlanLayoutforIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWorkonly)
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3.2.5
PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign
3.2.5.1
BusbarReactor400kVBay
Table313:Isang400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
BusReactor#2
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
50MVArShuntReactor
NeutralGroundingReactor
Totalbays
PostInsulator
12
Figure317:SectionofIsang400kVNo.2BusReactorbay
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3.2.5.2
BusbarReactor400kVByPassInterconnectingBay
Table314:Isang400kVBusbarReactorinterconnectingbypasstolinefeederbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
BusReactor#2
toMorupuleB
No.2LineFeeder
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
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3.2.5.3
LineFeeder400kVbay
Table315:Isang400kVLineFeederbayconcept
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
MorupuleB
No.2
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetsinglepole
Totalbays
PostInsulator
15
Figure318:Sectionof400kVMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederbay
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3.2.5.4
LineReactor400kVBay(bothMorupuleBNo.1&2OptionAsupported)
Table316:Isang400kVLineReactorbayconceptMorupuleBNo.1&2
Required
BayQuantity
400kV
220kV
MorupuleBNo.1
MorupuleBNo.2
Equipment
Quantity
400kV
220kV
SurgeArrester
Isolator+1xEarthSwitch
Isolator+2xEarthSwitch
PantographIsolator+E/Switch
PantographIsolator
12
StandAloneEarthSwitch
CapacitiveVoltageTransformer
CurrentTransformer
CircuitBreakersetthreepole
50MVArShuntReactor
NeutralGroundingReactor
Totalbays
PostInsulator
54
Figure319:SectionofMorupuleBNo.1&2LineReactorbayOptionA
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ConceptualDesign:SecondarySystems
4.1
Overview
This section of the document purposes to describe the protection and substation automation
philosophyforthesecondarysystemsasrequiredatIsangandMorupuleB.
4.2
SecondarySystemsIntegration
4.2.1
ProtectionSettingsandCoordination
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3
4.2.2
ControlSystemSignalLists
4.2.2.1
Thesuccessfulcontractorshallberequiredtoprovidethecontrolsystemsignallists(RTU
andgatewaysasapplicable)duringthedetaileddesignphase.
The Substation Automation System Gateways shall be described in detail during the
detaileddesignphaseincludingthecommunicationsinterfaceacceptancetesting.
4.2.2.2
4.2.3
ProductsupportinSouthernAfrica
4.2.3.1
Tenderersshallberequiredtofurnishproofthatallproposedproductsandsolutionshave
long term aftersales support sourced from within Southern Africa. This shall include
spares holding and technical support. This is particularly important for nonlocally
manufacturedproducts.
4.2.4
QualityPlan
4.2.4.1
The purpose of the Quality Plan is to outline the activities, methods, procedures and
techniquestobeemployedtoensureconformancetocontractualrequirementsduringall
stagesofthisproject.
ThesuccessfulcontractorshallprepareandsubmitadetailedQualityPlanthatshallform
partofthecontractualbaselineoftheprojectafterapprovalbytheEngineer.
TheQualityPlanshalldefinethecontractualrequirementsforQualityandConfiguration
Controltobeperformedduringtheexecutionofthisproject.
TheQualityPlanisapplicabletothedesign,test,installationandcommissioningphasesof
thisproject.
4.2.4.2
4.2.4.3
4.2.4.4
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4.2.4.5
TheQualityPlanshallmakeallowanceforEngineeringChangeProposalswhichshallbe
generatedforapprovalforthefollowinginstances:
4.2.4.6
4.2.4.7
4.2.4.8
Changeswhichwillaffectinterchangeability,functionality,reliabilityandcosts;
Safety;
Equipmentfurnishedbytheclient;
Obviouserrorsondrawingswhichdonotinvolveanyofthefactorsmentioned
above.
Changes to drawings and documents which do not affect any of the factors
mentionedabove.
Controlofconfigurations(ChangeControl)shallbeusedtoassureorderlyandcontrolled
implementation of engineering changes to all relevant configuration items and
documents.
Changestonewengineeringdrawingsanddocumentsgeneratedfortheprojectwillbe
controlled and shall be updated from redlined drawings and documents. This formal
changecontrolprocedurewillbeemployeduptothecompletionandapprovaloftheSAT.
Oncethedeliverableitemhasbeenapproved,theredlineddrawingsanddocumentswill
beupdatedtoanumericissuestatustoreflecttheasbuiltprojectstatus.
DefectandfailurereportingshallbeperformedinaccordancewiththeQualityAssurance
ProceduredefinedinthesubmittedQualityPlan.ThepurposeofthisQualityAssurance
Procedureistodescribetheprocedurethatisfollowedandtheresponsibilityassociated
withdefectandfailurereporting.Specialattentionshallbegiventothefollowing:
Defectandfailurereportinganalysisandcorrectiveaction;
Controlofallnonconformingmaterial,itemsandproducts.
4.2.5
FactoryAcceptanceTesting
4.2.5.1
ThesuccessfulcontractorshallprepareandsubmitaFATprocedurewellinadvanceofthe
FAT.
Thisprocedureshallbereviewedandapprovedbytheengineer.
Allschemesforeachsubstationshallbetestedasacompletesysteminthefactorybythe
contractor.Thecontractoristopretestthesystembeforethewitnesstest.Thisshall
constitutepreFATtesting.
FATshallpreferablybeperformedwithfinalprotectionsettings.
FATshallbeperformedwithfinalprotectionandautomationlogic.
Theclientand/ortheengineershallwitnesstheFATtestsatthesuppliersworkswhich
shall be conducted at a suitably prepared test facility that can be effectively used to
conducttheFATtesting.
Thetestfacilityshallincludecalibratedtestequipmentandanyspecialtestequipmentthat
mayberequiredtoconducttheFAT.
Allfunctionalityshallbetestedwiththeappropriatesimulationofprimaryplantinterfaces.
AllinterfacestootherequipmentandsystemsshallalsobecheckedduringFAT.
Overall system tests including interoperability and performance shall be performed.
TypicalperformancetestsincludeGOOSEtransmissiontimeundervariousnetworkloads,
4.2.5.2
4.2.5.3
4.2.5.4
4.2.5.5
4.2.5.6
4.2.5.7
4.2.5.8
4.2.5.9
4.2.5.10
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4.2.5.11
4.2.5.12
4.2.5.13
4.2.5.14
4.2.5.15
statuspointupdatetimes,momentarychangedetection,operatetimes,failsafetests,and
analogueupdatetimes.
Everytestprocedureshallshowpass/failcriteriaorthedesiredresultsforeachitem.
ThesuccessfulcontractorshallalsoprovideaschedulefortheFATshowingalltimingand
sequenceoftesting.
PriortoFATalldesignapprovalsmustbefinalised.Thisistoremovetechnicalambiguity
fromtheFATandpreventcommercialdisputesoverworkthatcontinuesafterFAT.
Thetestdocumentshalllistthebuildinformation,serialnumbersofallequipmenttested
aswellasfirmwareandsoftwareversions.
Thecontractorshallcompileadocumentsetthatcansupportthetestingandserveasa
referenceforthetestresultsincludingbutnotnecessarilylimitedto:
4.2.5.16
4.2.5.17
4.2.5.18
4.2.5.19
4.2.5.20
Contract/specificationandcopiesofallreferencescalledoutinthespecification;
Alldrawingsfortheproject,includingdrawingsreceivedfromothervendorsthat
describeinterfaces;
Drawingofthetestsetup;
Documentationonequipment;
QA/QCdocumentation.
4.2.6
SiteAcceptanceTesting
4.2.6.1
ThesuccessfulcontractorshallprepareandsubmitaSATprocedurewellinadvanceofthe
SAT.
TestsperformedduringFATshallberepeatedandprovedwithactualprimaryplant.
Performance tests including protection tripping tests between substations shall be
performed.
SATshallbeperformedwithfinalprotectionsettings.
Plantwideindustrialnetworkverificationshallbeperformed.
Interface testing including Substation Automation System Gateway testing shall be
performedandallinterfacesshallbethoroughlytested.
Allsignalsshallbetestedtothenationalcontrolcentre.
4.2.6.2
4.2.6.3
4.2.6.4
4.2.6.5
4.2.6.6
4.2.6.7
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4.2.6.8
Thecontractorshallcompileadocumentsetthatcansupportthetestingandserveasa
referenceforthetestresults
4.2.6.9
4.2.6.10
4.2.6.11
4.2.6.12
4.2.6.13
4.2.6.14
Contract/specificationandcopiesofallreferencescalledoutinthespecification;
Alldrawingsfortheproject,includingdrawingsreceivedfromothervendorsthat
describeinterfaces;
Asbuiltdrawings;
Documentationonequipment;
QA/QCdocumentation.
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4.3
ProtectionandControlPhilosophy
4.3.1 Overallphilosophyanddesignguidelines
TheNWTGCProjectDesignGuideline/Specification,Revision4.0,BPCTransmissionSpecification
No: NWGTCENGSPEC01 lays out Botswana Power Corporations design criteria for all the lots
applicabletotheoverallproject.Therelevantportionsforthesectionofthedocumentarelisted
belowforeaseofreference:
4.3.2
AsperIEC61850forcompletesubstationlayout,includingdistributionfeeders.
Thenetworkandtheassociatedequipmentshallbedesignedwithatleast30%spare
capacityforfutureexpansions.
ThecommunicationlinkstotheNCCshalluseIEC608705101.
TheEPCContractorshallassisttheBPCNCCteambytestingandverifyingallsignals
totheNCC.
TheContractorsbatterylimitforfibreterminationandfortestingofI/Osisviathe
existingornewGateway/RTUinstalledbytheContractor.
Gatewaysarepreferredforremotemonitoringandcontrol.
AllnewsubstationsshallhavelocalHMIsforlocaloperationsforfieldpersonneland
faultfinding/configurationforprotectionpersonnel.
Contractorshallsupplyandconfigurefour(4)newindustrialtypelaptopscomplete
withthesoftware,aswellassupplyfour(4)backupdisks/CDswiththeblueprint
softwareloaded.OnefortheSCADAteam,oneforNetworkMaintenance,oneforBPC
archivesandoneforProtection.
ProductVendorConstraints
AsspecifiedinSection10.5.9ofBPCsNWTGCProjectDesignGuideline/Specification,Revision4.0,
asapplicabletothisproject,thefollowingproductconstraintsapply:
For standardisation and interfacing with existing systems, and taking into account institutional
knowledge,skills,backupsupportandexpertise,thefollowingbrandsinthisorderarepreferred:
SEL;
Siemens;
Schneider/Alstom
TAPwereinformedthatapprovalinprinciplehasbeenobtainedtoutilisethesametypeofprotection
andschemesascurrentlyinstalledatIsangtomaintainconsistencyandminimiseintegrationissues
andrisksatIsangsubstation.
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4.3.3 400kVFeederProtection
The feeder schemes shall comprise of 3 IEDs (two being protection and one control). BPCs
fundamentalphilosophyforEHVfeedersistoensurethatthetwoprotectionIEDsemploydifferent
algorithms for protection. In this case the Isang Morupule B and Morupule B Letlhakane lines
exceedtheapprovedlimitsfordifferentialprotectionandassuchdualimpedanceprotectionschemes
shallbeinstalled.Thisphilosophyfurtherresolvesasfollows:
ThetwomainprotectionIEDsshallmakeuseofimpedanceprotection.Inorderto
ensurethatdifferentalgorithmsareemployedinsuchscenarios,thetwomainIEDs
shallbefromdifferentmanufacturers.
TravelingwaverecordersincludingGPSfortimestampingandaccuratetoonespanshallbeinstalled
forfastfaultlocationpurposes.Doubleendedalgorithmsrecordingsforfaultlocationusingtheline
lengthandthevelocityofpropagationshallbeinstalled.
4.3.4
400kVBusbar/LineReactorProtection
The Reactor scheme shall comprise of 3 IEDs (two being protection and one control). BPCs
fundamentalphilosophyforEHVReactorsistoensurethatthetwoprotectionIEDsemploydifferent
algorithmsforprotection.Thisphilosophyfurtherresolvesasfollows:
Main1protectionIEDshallmakeuseofdifferentialprotectionalgorithmsaswellas
HVEF,MVEF,LVOC,CircuitBreakerFail,etc.protection;
Main2protectionIEDshallmakeuseofRestrictedEarthFaultaswellasHVOC,MV
OC,CircuitBreakerFail,NGRsustainedearthfault,etc.;
ThemanufacturerofthetwomainIEDscanbethesame;
TheschemedesignshallcatertoallowthereactortobeconnectedeitherasaBusbar
ReactororasaLineReactorwiththeassociatedintertrippingandbusbarselectivity;
The scheme shall incorporate the ability to interface with the Sergi reactor fire
protection of the reactor and gas analyser as per specification TECH SPEC
TRANSMISSIONONLINEDGA.
4.4
ScopeofSecondaryPlantIsang400/220kVSubstation
4.4.1
Background
Isang (also known as Isang Ranch) is a 400/220kV substation located about 70km northeast of
Gaborone.ThesubstationwasconstructedandcommissionedbyABBin2012.
The400kVsidemakesuseoftwobusbars,asdoesthe220kVside.Thedoublebusbarconfiguration
isusedinaMain/Reserveoperatingphilosophy.Thefeederprotectionschemesinconjunctionwith
the400kVbuscouplerschemearedesignedtoutilisetheReservebusbarasabreakertransferfacility.
Thenewstationlayoutdesignrequiresthatadedicatedlinereactorbeinstalledoneachlinebayof
the two 400kV feeders to Morupule B substation. One switchable Busbar/Line Reactor will be
additionally installed to provide reactive compensation for the substation or for the new Isang
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MorupuleBNo.2lineinconditionsthatadedicatedlinereactorisnotavailable.Therelevantportion
oftheproposedSLDisshowninFigure315.
ExistingcontrolroomcubiclesareratedatIP51.PowercoatcolourisG29GreyTextured.Typical
paneldimensionsare800mm(w)x600mm(d)x2400mm(h).Heightincludesthe100mmbase
plinth.
Figure41:Generalviewofthe400kVequipmentpanels
Thereisnometeringinstalledand/orrequiredonthe400kVsystematIsang.
4.4.2
IsangScopeofnewworks
4.4.2.1
Scopeofworkoverview
Installonenew400kVfeederprotectionschemefortheIsangMorupuleBNo.2line;
Installtwonewdedicated400kVlinereactorschemesforeachoftheIsangMorupuleBlines;
Installonenewselectable400kVbusbar/linereactorscheme;
Installfouradditionalbusbarmodulesonexisting400kVbusbarprotection;
Installoneeightbay(TWS)distancetofaultrecorderequippedfor2bayson400kVline;
Installancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
UpdatelocalHMIandRTUasrequired;
ReplaceexistingFOX515on400kVwithFOX615andinstallandconfigureadditionalmodules
on220kVFOX515multiplexerasrequired.
4.4.3
IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederProtectionScheme
In order to maintain consistency and ease of long term maintenance, it is recommended that the
existingschemedesignsbeimplementedforthenewbaysatIsang.Existingschemedrawingscanbe
suppliedtothesuccessfulcontractorasreferenceforimplementation.
The existing scheme design (Isang Morupule B No. 1) allows for one teleprotection circuit to be
provisionedusingafibreconnectionwhilethesecondteleprotectioncircuitisprovisionedusingan
electricaloutputcircuitfromtheIED.BPChaveexplicitlyrequestedthatTeleProtectionIsolationbe
employedforallteleprotectioncircuitsbymeansofdedicatedMain1andMain2TPISswitcheswhich
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physicallyisolatetheteleprotectiontripandreceivesignalswiredtothemultiplexer.Assuch,the
existingdesignmustbeadaptedsuchthatonlyelectricalteleprotectioncircuitsbeused.Thefeeder
teleprotectionshallmakeprovisionforabreakerfailureinputfromthereactorfordirectintertrip
andlocaltripfunctionality.
Furthermore, the reactor scheme designs will be suitably adapted to accommodate the variations
betweentheexistingbaydesignsandthenewlinereactorbays.
400kVMorupuleLine2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite:
ControlPanel:800x600swingframe
ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:SiemensSiprotec7SA632
5xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection)
1xCTTestBlock(Control)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2ProtectionLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(ControlLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(ControlBusVT)
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch(M2TNS)
M2TeleprotectionSwitch(TPIS)
LampCheckPushButton
ARCON/OFFPushbuttons
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframe
Main1IED:ABBREL670
2xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection)
1xVTTestBlock(Main1ProtectionLineCVT)
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch(TNSM1)
M1TeleprotectionSwitch(TPIS)
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
DesignationonControlRoomLayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC17.
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Table41:BayControlIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
3I>
ANSI
Reference
50,51
Comment
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Synchronising
SYNC
25
Autoreclosing
OI
79
Singleandthreepole
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Breakerfailure
3I>BF
50BF
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
OperatingMimic
Yes
PushbuttonsandLEDs
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
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Table42:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
Distanceprotection
IEC
Reference
Z<
ANSI
Reference
21,21P,21N
Overvoltageprotection
U>
59
Undervoltageprotection
U<
27
PhaseOvercurrent
3I>
50,51
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Negativesequence
I2>
67,67N
Synchronising
SYNC
25
Optional
Autoreclosing
OI
79
Optional
Teleprotection
CL
85
10
Weakinfeed
CLCRW
85/21
11
Teleprotectionforground
faults
Mutualcoupling
CLN
85/21N
Yo>>
21YN
68
14
Powerswingdetectionand
tripping
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
15
Overfrequency
f>
81O
16
Underfrequency
f<
81U
17
Breakerfailure
3I>BF
50BF
18
I2>
46
19
Negativesequenceover
current
TripCoilsupervision
TCS
74TC
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
FaultLocation
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
12
13
Comment
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Theprotectionschemeshallbeequippedwithduplicateddistanceprotectionrelaysfromdifferent
manufacturesasperBPCdesignrequirements.ThedistanceprotectionIEDs(M1ABBREL670and
M2SiemensSiprotec7SA632)willcompriseofdedicatedmeasurementelementsforeachloopand
associatedzonee.g.14.
AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.
Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.
ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC;
TheschemeshallbeintegratedwiththeexistingBusCouplerforbreakertransfer/bypasspurposes.
Allnecessaryflipflopcircuitsshallbeincorporatedintothefeederschemetosuccessfullyintegrate
withtheexistingbuscouplerschemesprovidingafunctionaltransfer/bypasssolution.
The single pole tripping and autoreclosing philosophy will be retained during breaker transfer
operation.
SchemeACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
110VdcsuppliesTheprotectionandcontrolschemesshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1and
Main2110Vdcboards.Adedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshall
beinstalledtosupplytheschemeusinga4core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.
48VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromtheMain148Vdcboard.Adedicated,suitably
rated miniature circuit breaker in the 48Vdc board shall supply the scheme using a 4 core 4mm2
armouredcable.
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Remoteteleprotectioncommunicationsandintertripping
Thefeederschemedesignandfunctionalitywillincludecommunicationsassistedtrippingutilizingthe
OPGWbetweenthesubstationsandassociatedcommunicationequipmentsuchasmultiplexersand
opticalamplifiers.
Theschemedesignwillincludeteleprotectiontrippingfunctionalitytoenhancepermissivetripping,
earthfaultprotectiontrippingselectionanddirecttransfertripping.
TheMain1&Main2teleprotectionsignallingwillberealisedviaelectricalinterfaces.These
electrical interfaces shall be provided by a TEBIT module in each of the ABB FOX515 and
FOX615multiplexersMain1viathemultiplexerdesignatedISANG400andMain2viathe
multiplexerdesignatedISANG220.
All teleprotection signalling shall be routed via TPIS switches (M1 & M2) for testing and
isolationpurposes.
4.4.4
IsangMorupuleBNo.1LineReactorProtectionScheme
Anew400kV,50MVArdedicatedlinereactoristobeinstalledatIsangontheexistingMorupuleB
No.1feeder.Theexisting400kV,50MVArselectablebusbar/linereactorwillbeusedasalinereactor
forthisfeederwhenthededicatedlinereactorisoutofserviceorotherwiseunavailable.
Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoomLayout
Drawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC05.
Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVMorupuleLine1LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)
ControlPanel:800x600swingframe
ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
6xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVLineCVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
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RelayPanel:800x600swingframe
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVLineCVT)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
Table43:BayControlIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
3I>
ANSI
Reference
50,51
Comment
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Synchronising
SYNC
25
Autoreclosing
OI
79
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Breakerfailure
3I>BF
50BF
WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
OperatingMimic
Yes
PushbuttonsandLEDs
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
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Table44:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
ANSI
Reference
87T
REFPDIF
87N
Differentialprotection,two
winding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF
3I>
50,51
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Negativesequence
I2>
67,67N
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Undervoltage
U<
27
Overvoltage
U>
59
Overxcitationprotection
U/f>
24
10
PoleDiscordance
52PD
11
Overfrequency
f>
81O
12
Underfrequency
f<
81U
12
Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure
ROCOF
81
3I>BF
50BF
WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker
I2>
46
14
15
Comment
Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
DocumentNumber
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TheschemeshallmakeprovisionfortripsignalsfromthetransformertobewiredtoprotectionIED
forfunctionalmonitoringpurposes.Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforatleastthefollowinginputs
fromthemaintransformerprotectiondevices.
Theyshallprovidefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:
Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip);
Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.
AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.
Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.
ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD).
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
SchemeACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
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110VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.A
dedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusinga4
core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.
4.4.5
IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme
Anew400kV,50MVArdedicatedlinereactoristobeinstalledatIsangonthenewMorupuleBNo.2
feeder.Inaddition,thenew400kV,50MVArselectablebusbar/linereactorwillbeusedasaline
reactorforthesamefeederwhenthededicatedlinereactorisoutofserviceorotherwiseunavailable.
Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC18.
Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVMorupuleLine2LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)
ControlPanel:800x600swingframe
ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
6xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVLineCVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframe
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVLineCVT)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
Auxiliaryrelays
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TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
DocumentNumber
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Table45:BayControlIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
3I>
ANSI
Reference
50,51
Comment
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Synchronising
SYNC
25
Autoreclosing
OI
79
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Breakerfailure
3I>BF
50BF
WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
OperatingMimic
Yes
PushbuttonsandLEDs
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
DocumentNumber
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Date
Page
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Table46:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
ANSI
Reference
87T
REFPDIF
87N
Differentialprotection,two
winding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF
3I>
50,51
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Negativesequence
I2>
67,67N
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Undervoltage
U<
27
Overvoltage
U>
59
Overxcitationprotection
U/f>
24
10
PoleDiscordance
52PD
11
Overfrequency
f>
81O
12
Underfrequency
f<
81U
13
Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure
ROCOF
81
3I>BF
50BF
WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker
I2>
46
14
15
Comment
Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotectiondevices.Theyshall
providefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:
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Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip);
Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.
AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.
Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.
ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD).
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
ACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
110VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.A
dedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusinga4
core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.
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4.4.6
IsangMorupuleBNo.2Busbar/LineReactorProtectionScheme
Anew400kV,50MVArselectablebusbar/linereactoristobeinstalledatIsangonthenew
MorupuleBNo.2feeder.Thisreactorwilltypicallybeconnectedasabusbarreactorbutitwillbe
usedasalinereactorforthesamefeederwhenthededicatedlinereactorisoutofserviceor
otherwiseunavailable.
Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC16.
Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVMorupuleLine2SelectableBusbar/LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)
ControlPanel:800x600swingframe
ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
7xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVMainandReserveBusbar
VTsL12)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVMainBusbarVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVReserveBusbarVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframe
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVMainandReserveBusbar
VTsL12)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
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Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
DocumentNumber
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Date
Page
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Table47:BayControlIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
3I>
ANSI
Reference
50,51
Comment
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Synchronising
SYNC
25
Autoreclosing
OI
79
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Breakerfailure
3I>BF
50BF
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
OperatingMimic
Yes
PushbuttonsandLEDs
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
DocumentNumber
Revision
Date
Page
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Table48:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
ANSI
Reference
87T
REFPDIF
87N
Transformerdifferential
protection,twowinding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF
3I>
50,51
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Negativesequence
I2>
67,67N
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Undervoltage
U<
27
Overvoltage
U>
59
Overxcitationprotection
U/f>
24
10
PoleDiscordance
52PD
11
Overfrequency
f>
81O
12
Underfrequency
f<
81U
13
Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure
ROCOF
81
3I>BF
50BF
I2>
46
14
15
Comment
Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)
Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotectiondevices.Theyshall
providefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:
Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
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Buchholz(alarmandtrip);
Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.
AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.
Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.
ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD).
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
ACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
110VdcdistributionTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.
Adedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusing
a4core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.
4.4.7
Isang400kVBusbarProtectionScheme
Theexisting400kVBusbarprotectionschemecomprisesof20bayswiredwithtestblocksand
switches.Referenceschemedrawingno.:XPR810150CGI.
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The bay protection modules for spare bays are not installed and shall be procured and
commissioned under this project contract. All changes, settings, logics, visualization etc.
requiredtoexistingbusbarprotectionIEDtoprovideafunctionalsolutionshallbeincludedin
thiscontract.
The400kVBusbarprotectionschemeisconstructedasfollows:
400kVBusZone(3panelprotectionsuite)
Panel1:800x600swingframe
IED:ABBREB500IED
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusCouplerA)
Figure42:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel1)
Panel2:800x600swingframe
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400/220kVTransformerT2)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVMorupuleB1LineReactor)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVMorupuleB1Feeder)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusSection1)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusSection2)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400/220kVTransformerT3)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusCouplerB)
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Figure43:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel2)
Panel3:800x600swingframe
Figure44:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel3)
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Thefollowingbuszoneprotectionchanges/upgradesarerequired:
The new Morupule B No. 2 Feeder bay will utilise Bay C13 on the Bus Zone scheme.
RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
Thenew,selectableMorupuleBNo.2Busbar/LineReactorwillutiliseBayC12onthebuszone
protectionscheme.RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
The new Morupule B No. 1 dedicated line reactor will utilise Bay C05 on the bus zone
protectionscheme.Thisisduetotheprimaryconnectionoftherectorbeingonthebusbar
sideofthefeederCT.RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
The new Morupule B No. 2 dedicated line reactor will utilise Bay C16 on the bus zone
protectionscheme.Thisisduetotheprimaryconnectionoftherectorbeingonthebusbar
sideofthefeederCT.RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
ThechoiceofbuszonecircuitsisdependentontheprimaryoptionwhichBPCwillselect.
Theprotectionschemeshallbeconfigured,testedandcommissionedaccordingtoBPCtest
procedures.
4.4.8
IsangTravelingwavefaultlocator
AdedicatedTravelingWaveFaultLocatorwithatleasttwolinemodulesshallbeinstalledon
newandexisting400kVIsangMorupuleBlines.
Theunitshallbeexpandabletoeightbaysandshallprovideextremelyprecisefaultlocation
(onespan)onmultiplelinesenablingoperationandmaintenanceengineerstorespondrapidly
toeventsandcorrectdefectsatminimumcostandmaximumefficiency.
SimilartravelingwavefaultlocatorsmustbeinstalledatMorupuleBsubstationforincreased
accuracy.Thefaultlocationisdeterminedbysoftwarethatrequiresreadingsfrombothunits
therebycompletingthedualmeasurementsystem.
4.4.9
IsangSubstationAutomationNetworkCommunications
Theexistingsubstationautomationnetworkonthe400kVsideofthesubstationisrealizedby
meansoftwoRuggedcomRSG2100Ethernetswitches.Theswitchesprovideconnectivityforthe
400kVbayIEDsandtheyarelocatedinschemeC06400kVBusCouplerAandinschemeC15
400kVBusCouplerB.
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Scheme C08
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Busbar/Line Reactor
Scheme C06
400 kV Bus Coupler A
Scheme C14
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2
Scheme C10
400 kV Bus Section 1
C14A3
C14A2
ST
ST
ST
ST
FX01
FX01
FX01
FX01
CG01
FX01
FX01
FX01
FX01
FX01
FX01
1CG01
FX01
FX01
C15 Switch
ST
C15A2
C11A2
C15A1?
C11A1
Scheme C11
400 kV Bus Section 2
ST
ST
ST
TX
ST
C07A3
400kVBZ1
C07A2
ABB REB500
172.16.202.??/16
C07A1
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
LC
ST
ST
ST
ST
Scheme C07
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2
LC
LC
ST
ST
ST
ST
C06 Switch
C14A1
C10A2
C09A3
C10A1
C09A2
C09A1
ST
ST
ST
SFP
ST
LC
FX01
LC
FX01
SFP
ST
ST
ST
ST
FX01
C08A3
C08A2
C08A1
C06A2
C06A1
FX01
Scheme C09
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Feeder
Scheme C15
400 kV Bus Coupler B
Figure45:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkExisting
Theadditionofthenewbayswillrequireanadditionalswitchwhichistobeinstalledintheline
reactorpanelasshownbelow:
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Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 2
Line Reactor
Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 2
Busbar/Line Reactor
Scheme C08
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Busbar/Line Reactor
Scheme C06
400 kV Bus Coupler A
Scheme C14
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2
CG01
FX01
FX01
FX01
1CG01
FX01
FX01
C15 Switch
ST
ST
C15A2
C11A2
C15A1?
C11A1
400kVBZ1
Scheme C11
400 kV Bus Section 2
ST
ST
TX
ST
ST
ABB REB500
172.16.202.??/16
C07A3
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
LC
C07A2
C??A3
C??A2
C07A1
C??A1
Scheme C07
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2
FX01
FX01
C14A3
FX01
FX01
ST
ST
ST
ST
LC
LC
ST
ST
ST
ST
FX01
FX01
C14A2
C14A1
Control: ABB REC670
172.16.203.2/16
C10A2
C??A2
C??A1
C10A1
C09A3
C??A3
C09A2
C06 Switch
Scheme C10
400 kV Bus Section 1
FX01
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
LC
ST
ST
ST
ST
Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 2
Feeder
SFP
SFP
ST
FX01
ST
FX01
FX01
ST
FX01
FX01
ST
FX01
FX01
LC
FX01
SFP
SFP
FX01
LC
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
ST
LC
LC
ST
ST
ST
ST
FX01
FX01
Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Line Reactor
C09A1
C08A3
C08A2
C06A2
C06A1
C08A1
C??A3
C??A2
C??A3
C??A2
C??A1
C??A1
New Switch
FX01
Scheme C09
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Feeder
Scheme C15
400 kV Bus Coupler B
Figure46:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkProposed
TheproposednetworkexpansiondiagramisasuggestedconnectivityoptionanddoesnotconsiderIP
addressesastheIPaddressesthatwillneedtobeallocatedtothenewIEDsmustbemanagedcarefully
andmustbeconsideredwithinthecontextoftheoverallsubstationIPaddressplan.
Theproposednetworkswitchshallbeidenticalinconfigurationtotheexistingnetworkswitchesand
theanticipatedordercodeisRSG2100FRMHIPHIPFX01FX01FX01FX01FG511FG51FX01
FX01FX01FX01.
4.4.10
IsangIEC61850Requirements
4.4.10.1 NamingandConventions
AdatasetcontainingFunctionallyConstrainedDataAttributeitemsshallbenamedaccording
toitsintendedpurposeonceassociatedwithaGOOSEControlBlock.Forexample,adataset
containing items to be used for interlocking may be called CTRL or ILOCK and a dataset
containingitemstobeusedfortrippingpurposes(includingbreakerfail)maybecalledTRIPS.
AGOOSEControlBlockshallbeconfiguredaccordingtothefollowing:
o TheMACaddressshallreflectthesourcebaynumberinthelastbyteofthemulticast
MACaddress.Thenumbershalldepictthedecimalnumberofthebay.Thisisdone
toassistinlocatingGOOSEmessagesinmonitoringtoolssuchasWireshark.
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o
o
o
TheAppIDfieldshallbestructuredtoindicatethesourcebaynumberinthefirstbyte
andtheGOOSEinstanceinthesecondbyte.
The GOOSE VLAN ID and Priority shall be as shown agreed in the detailed design
phase.
TheGOOSEApplicationID(GoID)shallbenamedbyusingauniquebayidentifier.
Furthermore,iftheprimarypurposeoftheGOOSEmessageisfortripsignalling,
thenthenameshallreflectsuch.
4.4.10.2 IEC61850GOOSEDatasetcontents
TheitemsinadatasettobeassociatedtoaGOOSEControlBlockshallbesourcedfromthelogical
nodethatdescribesthefunctionalityandshallnotbetakenviatheDisturbanceRecorderfunction
blockfirst.Forexample,anearthswitchpositionshallbesourcedfromthePosDPC(STFC)ofthe
XSWIlogicalnode.
Figure47:GooseDatasetContents
4.4.10.3 IEC61850GOOSEControlBlockandDatasetlocations
AllDatasetsandGOOSEControlBlocksforanIEDshallbelocatedinLLN0ofLogicalDevice0
(LD0)ofsaidIED.
4.4.10.4 IEDLogicrequirements
4.4.11
ThelogicassociatedwithanIEDshallbeperformedintheIEDitself.Nologicshallbepartially
implemented in the GOOSE transmitting IED as this makes troubleshooting extremely
cumbersome.
Allinputs(physicalaswellasGOOSEvirtualinputs)shallbemodelledbypassingtheinputsto
theappropriatefunctionblockreflectingtheIEC61850LogicalNodethatrepresentthesignal.
IsangOtherSecondarySystems
Thefollowingadditionalsecondarysystemschanges/upgradesarerequired:
ACdistributionTherearenotenoughsparecircuitsavailableontheACboardforthe
newbays.ThecontractorwillberequiredtoinstalladditionalMCBsandassociated
wiring.Thereissufficientblankspace.
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Theexisting400VGenerator250KVAmustberelocatedtoprovidespacefornewLine
Reactorandshouldbetestedandcommissioned.Theexistingcablescanbereused
sincetheequipmentwillbemovedclosertotheControlRoom.
110Vdc distribution board There are not enough circuits available on the two
110Vdcboardsforthenewbays.Thecontractorwillberequiredtoinstalladditional
MCBsandassociatedwiringonthetwodistributionboardsalthoughtheboardhave
suitableblankspacetoaccommodatethecircuitbreakers.
110Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) None. The existing battery capacity is
adequatefortheadditionalbays.
48Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) None. The existing battery capacity is
adequatefortheadditionaltelecommunicationsmodules.
StatisticalmeteringNotapplicableforthe400kVsystematBPC.
QualityofSupplymeteringNotapplicable.
Figure48:ABBRTU560,MeinbergGPSandRuggedcomSwitchatIsang
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Figure49:IsangsubstationHMIshowing400kVOverview
4.4.12
IsangTelecommunications
Anew48fibreOPGWcableistobeinstalledonthenewIsangMorupuleBline.
Inordertomaintainconsistency,thenew400kVMorupuleBNo.2FeederMain1
and Main 2 impedance protection IEDs will connect via hard wiring to the
multiplexerTEBITmodule.
ThissolutionwillrequirenewcardsfortheABBFOX515multiplexerdesignated
ISANG 220 and for the new ABB FOX615 multiplexer that will replace the
existingISANG400multiplexerpriortocommencementoftheworks.
AnewABBFOX515TEBIT(Teleprotectionandbinaryinterface)moduleistobe
installedintheISANG220Multiplexerforconnectiontothe400kVMorupuleB
No.2FeedersMain2IED.
A new FOX615 TEPI1 (Teleprotection and binary interface) module is to be
installedinthenewFOX615ISANG400Multiplexerforconnectiontothe400kV
MorupuleBNo.2FeedersMain1IED.
ThismodulewillbeusedtoprovideanewSTM4connectiontoMorupuleBina
1+1configuration.
Duetothelinelength,opticalamplificationwillbeprovidedbyaPadtecMultipad
MPD1200 optical transport fitted with 1 x SPVL1 Supervisor Module, 1 x
T06DC571BRP4L module, 1 x BOA1CZ71AFAH module and 1 x POA1C141AFAH
moduleaspertheexistingsolutionusedonthe400kVMorupuleBNo.1feeder.
Please refer to the Morupule A, Morupule B and Isang Telecommunications
Overview diagrams for integration requirements and please note that the
ISANG400unitindicatedasaFOX515onthedrawingistobereplacedwitha
FOX615priortocommencementoftheworks.
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Figure410:ISANG220MultiplexerPanel
Figure411:OPGWPatchPanelsinFIBREREGENEQUIPMENTPanel
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Figure412:ISANG400MultiplexerPanel
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4.4.13
IsangConceptualControlRoomLayout
Figure413:Isangconceptualcontrolroomlayout
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4.5
ScopeofSecondaryPlantMorupuleBPowerStation400kVHV
Yard
4.5.1
Background
MorupuleBpowerstationisacoalfiredpowerstationlocatedabout265kmnortheastofGaborone,
nearPalapye.Itcomprisesfour150MWunits(600MWcapacity)andpowerisevacuatedthrougha
400kVHVyard.ThepowerstationwascompletedinJune2014bytheplantcontractorChinaNational
ElectricEquipmentCorporation(CNEEC)andlaterSTEAGEnergyServices.Theplanistoincreasethe
capacityofMorupuleBbyaddingupto300MWadditionalcapacitytoMorupuleB.
TheHVyardmakesuseofadoublebusbarconfiguration.Thereisadedicatedtransferbusbarinuse.
Thebusbarsareratedforfaultcurrentsofupto50kA.
Typicalcontrolroompaneldimensionsare800mm(w)x600mm(d)x2400mm(h)althoughpanel
dimensionsandcoloursRAL7035.
4.5.2
ApplicableSpecifications
SecondaryPlantGeneralRequirements
P1887373806138030905034101
ReactorProtectionIED
P1887373806138030905034201
ReactorBayBCU
P1887373806138030905034202
ReactorProtectionScheme
P1887373806138030905034205
EHVFeederBCU
P1887373806138030905034301
EHVFeederProtectionScheme
P1887373806138030905034303
EHVFeederImpedanceProtectionIED
P1887373806138030905034304
OutdoorBusZoneProtection(LowImpedance)
P1887373806138030905034402
BusCouplerProtectionIED
P1887373806138030905034501
BusCouplerProtectionScheme
P1887373806138030905034502
110Vdc(DuplicateSupply)
P1887373806138030905034701
400VacBoard
P1887373806138030905034801
StatsMetering(BCPSpecutilised)
P1887373806138030905034901
TerminalBlocks
P1887373806138030905035001
Gateway&HMI
P1887373806138030905035101
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4.5.3
ScopeofproposedadditionsatMorupuleB
4.5.3.1
MorupuleBIsangNo.2FeederProtectionScheme
A new 400kV line to Isang will be connected to the HV yard and use will be made of the
existingsparelinebay.
400kVSpareLineProtection(3panelprotectionsuite)
PanelA:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREL670[1MRK002812AC](Designated:PROTQ13FP1)
ZYQ12CVoltageSwitchBoxManufacturedbyAchengRelayCo.Ltd
Figure414:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelA)
PanelB:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREL670[1MRK002812AC](Designated:PROTQ03FP2)
ZYQ12CVoltageSwitchBoxManufacturedbyAchengRelayCo.Ltd
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Figure415:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelB)
PanelC:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREC670[1MRK002814AC](Designated:PROTQ12FP3)
PanelPC(Advantech)
ODESROB111A
Figure416:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelC)
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The feeder protection exists and the bay is fully equipped. The existing scheme with
associatedcontrolIEDs(inNCSMonitoredandControlledPanelD)ispresentlyidentifiedas
SPARE.
AsperBPCsrequirementsTPISswitchesarerequiredonbothMainteleprotectioncircuits.
ThechannelsthatmustbeprovidedforareDirectTransferTripSend(DTTS),DirectTransfer
Trip Receive (DTTR), Permissive Send, Permissive Receive, Earth Fault Protection Send and
EarthFaultProtectionReceive.Theexistingschemeshallneedtobemodifiedaccordingly.
Theschemesfullfunctionallyincludingbreaker transfershall betestedandproven inthis
contract. All labels, protection settings, relay logics, ancillary supplies, cables etc. shall be
deemedincludedinthecontract.
Theschemefunctionaloperationandtransferfacilitiesmustbeprovedutilisingthetransfer
buscoupler.
The line reactor tripping and breaker failure must be proved with the feeder protection
schemeandintegrated.Similarly,shallthestandbyLineReactor/Busbarreactortrippingbe
provedwhenutilisedasalinereactorinconjunctionwiththefeederprotectionscheme.
Adedicated50MVArlinereactorshallbeinstalled.Forsinglepolereclosingpurposes,thereactor
specificationshallrequireaneuralgroundingreactortofacilitatesinglephaseautoreclose.The
NGRisusedtocancelthecapacitivecomponentofthesecondaryarccurrent.Inordertocancel
thecapacitivecurrent,theinductiveandcapacitivebranchesmustresonate.
4.5.3.2
MorupuleBIsangNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme
Anew400kV,50MVArdedicatedlinereactoristobeinstalledatMorupuleBonthenewIsang
No.2feeder.
Asthereisnoexistingprotectionforasparelinereactorandduetospaceconstraintspreventing
theadditionofalinereactorschemenexttothesparelinebay,itisproposedtoinstalla2panel
line reactor scheme in the control room in a panel row with sufficient space as shown in the
controlroomphotographbelowandasindicatedonthecontrolroomoverview.
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Figure417:Controlroomspaceconstraints
Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(F5582ZD070101)willbe41P42P.
Forthepurposesofsimplifyingtheintegrationchallengesassociatedwiththeadditionofthenew
bayintheexistingcontrolroom,itisproposedthatthesameschemebeinstalledasproposedfor
Isang.Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVIsangLine2LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)
ControlPanel:800x600swingframewithglassdoor
ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
6xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVLineCVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
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MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframewithglassdoor
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVLineCVT)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
Table49:BayControlIEDfunctionality
Item Functionality
1
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
3I>
ANSI
Reference
50,51
Comment
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Synchronising
SYNC
25
Autoreclosing
OI
79
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Breakerfailure
3I>BF
50BF
WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
OperatingMimic
Yes
PushbuttonsandLEDs
Yes
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TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
ParallelRedundancyProtocol
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Table410:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality
Item
Functionality
ANSI
Reference
87T
REFPDIF
87N
Differentialprotection,two
winding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent
IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF
3I>
50,51
EarthFault
I0>
51N
Negativesequence
I2>
67,67N
Switchontofault
SOTF
50HS
Undervoltage
U<
27
Overvoltage
U>
59
Overxcitationprotection
U/f>
24
10
PoleDiscordance
52PD
11
Overfrequency
f>
81O
12
Underfrequency
f<
81U
12
Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure
ROCOF
81
3I>BF
50BF
WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker
I2>
46
14
15
Comment
Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions
Required(includingbreakermonitoring)
Oscillographicfaultrecording
Yes
Eventrecordingandlogging
Yes
Tripcoilsupervision
Yes
Measuredvaluesupervision
Yes
TimeSynchronization
Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP
Communications
IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces
LANCommunications
redundancy
ParallelRedundancyProtocol
Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotectiondevices.Theyshall
providefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:
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Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip).
Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.
AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.
Thelinereactorbreakerfailureprotectionwillinitiatethefeederbreakerfailureandinitiatea
transfertrippingsignaltotheremoteendviathefeederprotectionteleprotectionsignallingsystem.
Thisfunctionalitywillbetestedandproved.
Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.
ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
Layout Drawing (F5582ZD070101) will be 42P. Integration with the protection scheme shall be
included.
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
ACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
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110VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.A
dedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusinga4
core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.
4.5.3.3
Existing400kVBusZoneProtection
400kVBusProtection(2panelprotectionsuite)
PanelA:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
PanelB:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
PanelPC(Advantech)
Thenewsubstationextensionwillbeconnectedtotheexisting400kVBusZoneusingthenew
400kV Bus Section 1 and 400kV Bus Section 2 Current Transformers. This will allow the
400kVBusZoneschemesineachcontrolroomtoremainbalancedandindependent.
TheexistinglowimpedancebusbarprotectionschemedoesnotneedanyadditionalIEDsas
theexistingIEDscanaccommodatetheCTconnectionsfromthenewbussections.
TrippingofthetwonewbussectionbreakersbytheexistingBusZonewillbefacilitatedbyan
auxiliaryrelaywhichshallbeoperatedbythe110Vdcsupplyfromthenewcontrolroomso
asnottoriskparallelingstationDCsupplies.Allchangestorelaysettings,relaylogics,cabling,
wiring,mimicsetc.shallbeincludedinthiscontracttoprovideafunctionalcompletesystem
4.5.3.4
ExistingControlRoomConsiderations
Fortheexistingcontrolroom,thefollowingadditionalsecondarysystemschanges/upgradesare
required:
ACdistributionNone.ThereareenoughcircuitsavailableontheACboardforthe
newbays.
DCdistributionNone.Thereareenoughcircuitsavailableonthe110Vdcboardfor
thenewIsang2LineReactorbay.
110 Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) The existing 110Vdc chargers and
batteriesaresuitabletoaccommodatethenewIsang2LineReactorscheme.
48 Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) None. The existing battery capacity is
adequatefortheadditionaltelecommunicationsmodules.
QualityofSupplymeteringNotapplicable.
SubstationAutomationandSCADANewbaytobeaddedtotheexistingHVyard
substationshallutiliseIEC61850.Assuch,theexistingCOM600infrastructureshall
bereconfiguredtoaccommodatethenewlinereactorbay.Additionalandexisting
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signalsfromthenewlinereactorbayandthenewIsangfeedershallbecommissioned
totheNCC.
Theexistingequipmentforthispurposeis:
RTUandCommunications(2panelsuite)
Panel[400kVCommonDevicePanel]:800x600swingframe
ABBRTU560(2x560CMU05)
4xRuggedcomRSG2100EthernetSwitches
Panel[RemoteCommunicationsServerPanel]:800x600swingframe
3xABBSYS600C
GPSpanel
Panel:800x600swingframe
KEHUITGPS81A(ShandongkehuiPowerAutomationCo.Ltd.)
StationmimicTheIsangno1linereactorbayandtwoBusSectionsmustbeadded
totheexistingtiledmimicandcommissionedaccordingly.Itisnotrequiredtoextend
theexistingelectronickeyinterlockingschemeforthelinereactor.ThetwonewBus
Sectionsonlyindicationisrequiredonthemimic.ControlisfromthenewSubstation
ControlHMIandprotectionscheme.
Figure418:Tiledwallmimic
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Figure419:Detailedviewoftiledwallmimic
StationHMI
TheexistingHVyardisalsooperatedviaanABBMicroSCADAHMI.
The new Isang No. 2 line reactor bay is to be added to the existing HMI and
commissionedaccordingly.
Aviewonlynodeshallbeinstalledinthenewcontrolroomsothatitispossible
toviewtheexistingHVyardfromthenewcontrolroom.
AviewonlynodefromthenewcontrolroomsubstationHMIshallbeinstalledin
theexistingcontrolroomsuchthatitispossibletoviewthenewHVyardfrom
theexistingcontrolroom.
TelecommunicationsAnew48fibreOPGWcableistobeinstalledonthenewIsang
No.2line.Thenew400kVIsangNo.2FeederMain1andMain2protectionIEDsshall
beconnectedviatheABBFOXmultiplexer(s)forteleprotectionpurposesasshownin
thetelecommunicationsoverviewdiagramoptions(Figure421).Theexistingfibre
patchpanel cabinet canaccommodatethenewfibrepatchpanelfor theaforesaid
Isang2FeederOPGWcable.
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4.5.3.5
MorupuleBExistingControlRoomLayout
Figure420:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptualLayout
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4.5.4
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Scopeofproposednewworks
Anew400kVHVyardextensionisrequiredatMorupuleB.Theextendedyardisrequiredto
facilitatetheconnectionof
twonew150MWgenerators,
anewstationtransformer,
anew400kVlinetoLetlhakane(withoutlinereactor),
anew50MVArbusbarreactor,
aspare400kVfeederbay(withlinereactor),
buscouplerand
atransfercoupler.
Thebusbarextensionshallbeimplementedbymeansoftwo400kVbussectionsforthetwo
mainbusbars(designatedMainandReserve).
Thenewportionofplantwillhaveatransferbusbarthatisnotcoupledtotheexistingtransfer
busbar. Transfer will be provided on each busbar section independently by the transfer
coupleronthecorrespondingsideofthestation.
Thenewextensionofthestationshallbetreatedmostlyindependentlyoftheexistingstation.
Thebuszoneschemeswillbeindependentofeachotherandwillbebalancedthroughthe
CTsonthetwobussectionsonthemainandreservebusbars.
Allnewsecondaryplantequipmentrequiredforthenewbays(includingthebussections)in
theextended400kVyardshallbeinstalledinanewcontrolroom.
Generator protection excluded from the scope of this design. The station auxiliary
transformerprotectionisalsoexcludedfromthescopeofthisdesign.
Anewbuszoneschemeisalsotobeinstalledinthenewcontrolroom.Dedicatedcurrent
transformerscoresonthenewbussectionswillalsobeconnectedtotheexistingbuszone
schemeintheexistingcontrolroomtoensurethatthebuszoneremainbalanced.Similarly,
dedicatedCTcoreswillconnecttothenewyardextensionbuszoneprotectionscheme.
Allinterfacesbetweentheyardequipmentandcontrolandprotectionschemeslocatedinthe
control room shall be realised via dedicated yard control boxes with suitable protection
againstdust,rainandverminingress.Provisionshallbeprovedtoearthallcablecoresnot
utilizedandnumberedaccordinglyondedicatedearthbarslocatedinthetopsectionofthe
yardcontrolbox
4.5.4.1
400kVFeederSchemes
Overview
The feeder protection scheme shall be a twopanel suite providing protection and
controlfunctionality.TheschemeshallcompriseofdualmainprotectionIEDsandone
BayControlUnit.
TheBCUshallbeequippedwithbackupprotectionfunctionssoastoprovidebackup
protectionfunctionality.Thefeederprotectionschemewillprovidesingleandthree
poletrippingfacilitieswithtransfer,autorecloseandsynchronising.Thefacilitiesshall
beselectableviacontrolswitchesorpreferablyIEDpushbuttons.
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Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.
ProposedcontrolroompositionsatC07andC10asperFigure422.
FeederProtection
The400kVoverheadlineshallbeprotectedwiththeuseofthefollowingprotection
andrelatedfunctions:
Distanceprotection
Overcurrentprotection
Earthfaultprotectioninearthedsystems
Breakerfailure
Overvoltage
InstantaneoushighcurrentSwitchOntoFault(SOTF)protection
Linecheck
Permissivetripping
Intertripping
AutoReclose(1&3p)
Synchronising
Weakinfeedtripping
Powerswingdetection
Faultlocation
DirectionalBackupTimeOvercurrentprotection
Negativephasesequenceprotection
Thefeederschemeshallsupportsinglepoleandthreepoletrippingfunctionality.
Thefeederschemeshallsupportautoreclosefunctionalitytominimisetheduration
ofoutages.Afaultaffectingonlyasinglephasewillresultinasinglepoletripfollowed
byanautorecloseofthebreakerafteradefinedtimedelay.Afaultthatpersistsor
whichinvolvesmultiplephaseselectorswillresultina3poletripandthelockoutof
theautoreclosefunction.Autoreclosefunctionscanbeconfiguredtomeetavariety
ofdifferentneedsandthesequencecanthusbeadjustedaccordingly.
The400kVbreakerisrequiredtoincorporatetransferfacilitiesintheeventthatthe
breaker is put on bypass. The transfer facilities are to work in tandem with the
dedicatedtransferbuscouplerscheme.Allflipflopandauxiliaryrelaysrequiredto
switchDCsuppliesshallformpartofthescheme.Thebaycontrollerwillnotformpart
oftransferfacility.
ThelinedistanceprotectionwillcommunicateviatheoverheadlineOPGW(Optical
GroundWire)fibreopticmediumandmultiplexer.
Thisprotectioncatersforalltypesoffaultsindicativetooverheadlinesand would
typicallyoperatewithin30ms.
Anyendzonefaultshalltransmitadirectintertriptotheremoteendwithoutbus
zonetripwhenthecircuitbreakerisopen.
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Thebreakerfailfunctionresultingfromabreakerthatisunabletotripshallinitiatea
busstripconditiontothelocalbuszoneprotectionandadirectintertripsignaltothe
remoteendtoenablethefaulttobecleared.Itshallbepossibletoisolatebreaker
failsignallingviaGOOSEwithapushbuttonontheIED.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
Theprotectionschemeshallprovidethefollowingswitchesorbuttonsforfunctional
selection:
MainDCOn/Off(M1&M2)
Breakerfailisolate/test(M1&M2
ProtectionOnTest(M1&M2)
AutoRecloseOn/Off(M1&M2)
TeleprotectionIsolate(M1&M2)
FeederBayControlandBackupProtection
Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:
BayControlUnit/EmergencyControlPanel;and
EmergencyTripPushButton.
TheBayControlunitshallbeusedtoprovideoperationalcontroltothecircuitbreaker
andmotorisedisolators,ifapplicable.
ThebaycontrolIEDshallalsoincludetheovercurrentandearthfaultfunctionality.
These functions shall be used in a definite time and/or inverse definite mean time
(IDMT)mode,providingdefinitetimeortimedelayedtrippingwiththeactualtriptime
dependentonthefaultlevel.
Thebreakerfailfunctionshallinitiateabusstripconditiontothebuszoneprotection.
Thebaycontrollershallincludeasimple,singlelinemimicdiagram,alarminformation,
measured analogue quantities, sequence of events, interlocking, automated
sequencing,etc.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
TheBCUshallprovidethefollowingbuttonsforfunctionalselection:
Breakerfailisolate
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ProtectionOnTest
AutoRecloseOn/Off
Local/Remotecontrol
AutoRecloseMode
Transferpermission
Local/RemoteControlOn/Off(SupervisoryIsolate)
Travelingwavefaultlocator
DoubleendeddedicatedTravelingWaveFaultLocatorwithatleasttwolinemodules
shallbeinstalledtoaccommodatetheIsang1and2lines.
Theunitshallbeexpandabletoeightbaysandshallprovideextremelyprecisefault
locationonmultiplelinesenablingoperationandmaintenanceengineerstorespond
rapidlytoeventsandcorrectdefectsatminimumcostandmaximumefficiency.
4.5.4.2
400kVBusbarReactor
Overview
The busbar reactor scheme will comprise of 3 IEDs (two being protection and one
control).
Theschemeshallprovideprotectionforthe50MVArbusbarreactor.
ProposedcontrolroompositionatC09asperFigure422.
BusbarReactorProtection
The 400kV 50MVAr busbar reactor shall be protected utilising the following
protectionandrelatedfunctions:
Differential;
LowImpedanceRestrictedEarthFault(REF)fortheEHVwindings;
Sustainedearthfault;
InstantaneousandIDMTOvercurrentandEarthFault;
Breakerfailure;
Overfluxingprotection;
Overvoltageprotection.
Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotection
devices:
Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip);
Dualmaindifferentialfunctionalityshallbeimplementedtocaterforphasetophase
faults;whilstrestrictedearthfaultfunctionalitywillbeusedtocaterforsinglephase
toearthfaultsclosetothestarpointofthereactorwinding.
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HighimpedanceREForanalternativelowImpedanceIEDcouldbeprovidedshould
thedifferentialprotectionIEDnotcaterfordedicatedREFcurrenttransformerinputs.
Sustainedearthfaultfunctionalitywillbeachievedbymonitoringthesmallneutral
currentontheEHVconnectionofthereactor.Thecurrenttransformerratioshallbe
adequatelyspecified.
HVandMVinstantaneousandIDMTovercurrentandearthfaultfunctionalityshallbe
usedtocaterforbushingand/orcloseupfaults,whilsttheIDMTelementsshallcater
forthroughfaultconditions.
TheprotectionschemeshallincorporateinputandoutputcapabilityfortheBuchholz,
windingtemperature,oiltemperatureandpressurereliefdevices.Theyshallprovide
fortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications.
Thebreakerfailfunctionshallinitiateabusstripconditiontotherelevantbuszone
protection. The IED shall make provision to isolate breaker failure for testing
purposes.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
Allcurrentandvoltagetransformercircuitsshallbeconnectedviatestblockstothe
IEDs.Theinsertionofatestblockplugorhandleshallnotcauseanytripcondition
whenthereactorisonload.
Theprotectionschemeshallmakeadequateprovisionfortestingandcommissioning
facilitieswiththeprovisionoftestpointswitches,etc.
Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoil
andwindingtemperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.
ThemeasuredquantitiesshallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailableto
thegatewayandHMI.
The protection scheme shall provide the following switches buttons for functional
selection:
MainDCOn/Off(M1&M2)
Breakerfailisolate/test(M1&M2)
ProtectionOnTest(M1&M2)
The400kVbreakerisrequiredtoincorporatetransferfacilitiesintheeventthatthe
breakerisputontransfer.(BreakerMaintenance).Thetransferfacilitiesaretowork
intandemwiththededicatedtransferbuscouplerscheme.Allflipflopandauxiliary
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relaysrequiredtoperformtransferDCsuppliesandtrippingsignalsincludingbreaker
statusshallformpartofthescheme.Thebaycontrollerwillnotformpartoftransfer
facility.
The reactor bay is required to incorporate transfer facilities in the event that the
reactorisusedaslinereactorononeofthelinesutilisingthetransferisolatorwhile
the reactor breaker is open including the Main and Reserve Busbar isolators. The
protectiontrippingofthereactormustbelinkedtothededicatedfeederprotection
andbreakerviaflipfloprelaysassociatedwithfeederbayandbreaker.Allflipflopand
auxiliaryrelaysrequiredtoperformtransferDCsuppliesandtrippingsignalsincluding
breakerstatusshallformpartofthescheme.Thebaycontrollerwillnotformpartof
transferfacility.
BusbarReactorBayControl
Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:
BayControlUnit;and
EmergencyTripPushButton.
TheBayControlunitshallbeusedtoprovideoperationalcontroltothecircuitbreaker
andmotorisedisolators,andshallalsoincludethebreakerfail,overcurrentandearth
faultfunctionsforboththereactor.
Thebaycontrollershallincludeasimplemimicdiagram,alarminformation,measured
analoguequantities,sequenceofevents,interlocking,automatedsequencing,etc.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
TheBCUshallprovidethefollowingbuttonsforfunctionalselection:
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
Breakerfailisolate
ProtectionOnTest
Local/RemoteControlOn/Off(SupervisoryIsolate)
BreakerTransferpermission
TransferasLineReactor
The reactor explosion and fire protection is to be realised by means of the Sergi
TransformerProtectorsolution.TheSergiTPpanelistobeinstalledinthecontrol
roomandmaybeincorporatedwithintheprotectionscheme.
DissolvedGasAnalysis
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4.5.4.3
400kVBusbars
Overview
The400kVbusbarprotectionschemeshallbeaLowImpedanceBusZonescheme.
The scheme shall be equipped for all bays in the new HV yard. The scheme shall
provide overall check zone protection and dedicated main zone protection using
isolatorandpantocontactstoidentifywhichbaysareconnectedtowhichzone.The
schemeshallbeequippedwithBayOutofServiceswitches(BOS)toisolatetripping
andtoenabletestingfacilities.
ProposedcontrolroompositionatCBZasperFigure422.
BusbarProtection
The400kVbusbarsshallbeprotectedwiththeuseofthefollowingprotectionand
relatedfunctions:
Differentialbusbarprotection
Overallcheckzoneprotection
LowimpedancebuszoneprotectionIEDsshallbecapableofprotectingmultiplebus
barzones.
Theschemeshallbecapableofacceptingexternalbreakerfailinputsaswellasbeing
abletoprovidebreakerfailfunctionalityinternaltothebuszoneprotectionIED.
Protection operation falls in the instantaneous time zone (+/ 10 to 20ms), with
overallbreakerclearanceofapproximately80ms.
Theschemeoperatesonthebasisofcurrentbalancingwithinabusbarzone.Busbar
zones are separated by means of bus couplers and bus sections and the primary
purposeistoisolateabusbarfaulttoaspecificzonethuslimitingtheimpactofthe
fault.Shouldabusbarfaultoccur,thebuszoneschemewillsignalalltheaffectedbays
thatareconnectedtothesamebusbarsegment(orzone)totrip.
A separate Transfer Zone is also used to balance the currents across the 400kV
transferbusbarandensuresthatbusbarfaultsarecorrectlydetectedandcleared.
AseparateoverallCheckZoneisalsousedtobalancethecurrentsacrosstheentire
400kVbusbarsandensuresthatbusbarfaultsarecorrectlydetectedandcleared.The
checkzoneisusedinconjunctionwiththeindividualzonetoprovideasecuretripping
(2outof2)condition.
TheBusZoneprotectionalsoensuresthatanonbusbarfaultthatcannotbecleared
bytherespectiveprotectionforthebayduetoabreakerfailconditioncanbeswiftly
clearedbythebuszoneprotection.Insuchcasesthatthebuszoneprotectionwill
signalalltheotheraffectedbayswithinthezonetotrip.
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Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
BusZoneControlandBackupProtection
ThereisnodedicatedBayControllerIEDfortheBusZonescheme.
Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:
BayOutOfServiceswitches(BOS)
Buszoneisolate
Breakerfailureisolate
The Bay Out of Service switches are used to isolate a bay from the 400kV busbar
protectionincaseswherethebayisundertestormaintenance.Theseswitchesare
usedtopreventnuisanceandunnecessarytripsundersuchconditions.
TheBayOutofServiceswitchforabaywillalsoisolatethebreakerfailtripfunction
fromthatbay.
Each bays current transformer inputs shall be directed to the relay via a current
transformer test block. The test block shall short circuit the current transformer
inputswhenatesthandleorplugisinsertedandalsoactivatetheBOSfunction.This
actionshallnotcauseanytrip.
The scheme shall be equipped with Bus zone isolate switch to disable all tripping
functionality to bays but still measure all currents for testing and commissioning
purposes.Thiswillenabletestingofthebuszoneprotectionandmonitoringofthe
currentinthedifferentzoneswithoutcausingpowerinterruptionstothesubstation.
TheBreakerfailureisolationswitchisusedtoisolateanysignalsthatmaycauseabus
zone operation as a result of testing on a feeder, bus coupler, and reactor or
transformerbay.
The bus zone protection scheme shall accommodate two current transformer
measurementsperphaseforbuscouplers.Theseshallbesourcedfromonecurrent
transformer but separate independent cores for these bays. The one current
transformerscircuitshallthereforebefunctionallyoverlappingtoprotectforanyfault
between the current transformer and the breaker without any delay in operation.
HoweverforafaultbetweentheCTandbreakerbothzoneswillbetripped.
4.5.4.4
400kVBusCoupler/TransferBusCoupler/BusSections
Overview
Thisschemewillcompriseof3IEDsincorporatingprotectionandcontrolfunctionality.
TransferBusCouplerProtectionshallcompriseof:
OneBayControldevicewithbackupprotection
TwobackupprotectionIEDs(M1&M2)
BusCouplerandBusSectionProtectionshallcompriseof:
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BusCoupler/TransferBusCouplerBusSectionProtection
Buscouplersandbussectionsareanintegralpartofasubstationbusbarandareused
tocouplebusbarsectionstogether.Theyalsoservethepurposeofdividingthebus
barsintozonessothatthebuszoneprotectioncanisolateaportionofthebusbar
whenabusbarfaultorbusstripconditionoccurs.
Overcurrent and earth fault protection is normally switched off except during
switchingwhenitisenabledforaminimumperiodof200ms.
Intheeventofabreakerfailurebothsectionsofbusbarconnectedtothisequipment
willbeclearedbytherelevantbuszoneprotection.
Thefollowingprotectionandrelatedfunctionsshallbeused:
OneBayControldevicewithbackupprotection
TwobackupprotectionIEDs(M1&M2)
ProposedcontrolroompositionsatC01,C02,C06,andC13asperFigure422.
InstantaneousandIDMTovercurrentandearthfault;
Breakerfailure;
Thetransferbuscouplerschemeisrequiredtoincorporatetransferfacilitiesinthe
event that any bay breaker is put on bypass. The transfer facilities are to work in
tandemwiththededicatedbayschemeMain1andMain2protection.Allflipflop
and auxiliary relays required to transfer DC supplies, tripping and breaker status
indicationsrequiredforARC,intertripping,etc.,shallformpartofthetransferbus
couplerscheme.Thebaydedicatedcontrollerwillnotformpartoftransferfacilityto
providefunctionalcontrolrelatedtothebay.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
BusCoupler/TransferBusCoupler/BusSectionBayControl
The Bay Control unit shall be used to provide operational control to the circuit
breakers and motorised isolators under normal and transfer conditions, where
applicable.
The bay control unit shall include a simple mimic diagram, alarm information,
measured analogue quantities, sequence of events, interlocking, automated
sequencing,etc.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
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4.5.4.5
400kVGeneratorTransformersandStationTransformer
Overview
Thetwonewgeneratortransformerbaysandthenewstationtransformerbayshall
be equipped with switchgear. As such, the control panels for these bays shall be
requiredtofacilitateswitchingandadesignshallbeproposedbasedonthefollowing
specifications:
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Spaceallowancehasbeenmadeintheconceptualcontrolroomlayoutforthefuture
installationoftheprotectionpanelsforthesebays.Suitablycompatibleprotection
panels will only be installed when the generation plant is constructed and the
transformersareinstalled.
EachofthecontrolpanelswillcompriseasinglecontrolIED/BayControlUnit.
ProposedcontrolroompositionsatC03A,C04AandC05AasperFigure422.
TransformerBayControl
Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:
BayControlUnit;and
EmergencyTripPushButton.
TheBayControlunitshallbeusedtoprovideoperationalcontroltothecircuitbreaker
andmotorisedisolators,andshallalsoincludethebreakerfail,overcurrentandearth
faultfunctions.
Thebaycontrollershallincludeasimplemimicdiagram,alarminformation,measured
analoguequantities,sequenceofevents,interlocking,automatedsequencing,etc.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.
TheBCUshallprovidethefollowingbuttonsforfunctionalselection:
Transformer/ReactorBayBCU
Breakerfailisolate
ProtectionOnTest
Local/RemoteControlOn/Off(SupervisoryIsolate)
Bypass/Transferpermission
DissolvedGasAnalysis
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4.5.4.6
4.5.4.7
4.5.4.8
Thetransformersshallbemonitoredbymeansofdedicateddissolvedgasanalysers
when installed. Communications from these units will be realised by means of
IEC61850.
SubstationControl
LocalcontrolatthesubstationsisachievedbymeansoftheBayControlUnitsineach
protectionschemeasdescribedabove.Inaddition,asubstationHMIshallbeavailable
atthesubstationforcentralisedlocalcontrolandmonitoring.
TheBayControlUnitstypicallyservethefunctionofmarshallingalarmsandsequence
ofeventsrecordsforthebay.TheBayControlUnitsshallberequiredtopresentabay
mimicformonitoringandoperatingpurposes.
Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.
InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.The
useofGOOSEprovidesforsimplifieddataexchangeparticularlywhenthenewbays
areaddedtothesubstation.
SubstationHMI
AsubstationHMIistobeusedformonitoringandcontrolwiththeaimofensuring
safetyandminimisingoperatingerrors.
TheHMIshallbeindependentoftheexistingHMIandwillhavecontrolauthorityonly
forthenewsubstationextension.
TheHMIshallbeindependentofthegatewaydevices.
AviewonlynodefromtheexistingABBMicroSCADAthatispresentlyinstalledin
theexistingHVyardoperatingroomwillalsobeinstalledinthenewcontrolroom.
AviewonlyHMInodeofthenewsubstationHMIshallbeinstalledintheexisting
controlroombuildingtofacilitateoperating.
TheHMIshallbefurtherextendedtomanagecomplicatedswitchingsequencesthat
areoftenpronetoerror.
EngineeringWorkstation
TheEngineeringWorkstation(EWS)shallprovideallthenecessaryfunctionalityand
graphicalinterfaceforconfiguring,managingandcollectinginformationandrecords
fromtheSubstationAutomationSystem(SAS).
The EWS will also provide Remote Desktop/terminal services capabilities so that
authoriseduserscanremotelyaccesstheSASviathisworkstation.
TheEWSshallberequiredto:
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4.5.4.9
Provideacentralonsiterepositoryoftheconfigurationmanagementforthe
SASsystemcomponentconfigurations.
StorageanddisplayofdisturbancerecordsAllrecordeddatafromtheIEDsand
BCUs with integrated disturbance recorders as well as dedicated disturbance
recordingsystemsshallbeautomaticallyuploadedviaIEC61850(eventtriggered
oronceperday)totheEWSandstoredonthemassstoragedevice;
DisturbanceanalysisTheEWSshallhaveallthenecessarysoftwaretoevaluate
alltherequiredinformationforproperpostfaultanalysis;
IEDandBCUparametersettingsItshallbepossibletoaccessalltheProtection
IEDsandBCUsforreadingtheparameters(settings)fromtheEWS.Thesetting
ofparametersortheactivationofparametersetsshallonlybeallowedfromthe
EWSafterauthenticatingandauthorizingtheuserappropriately;
TheEWSshallberackmountableandshallbemountedintheGatewayPanel.
TheEWSshallcommunicateviaIEC61850toalltheBCUsandIEDsintheSAS.
SNMP and RMON shall be used to communicate with the substation LAN
equipment.
RemoteControl
ThedualredundantgatewaysandtheHMIservershallbeinstalledinthesamepanel
withinthenewHVyardcontrolroom.
PanelshalltohousedualIEEE1588v2PowerProfilecapable,GPSsynchronisedclocks
with IRIGB, NTP and PTP capabilities for substationwide time synchronization
purposes.
ProposedcontrolroompositionatG1asperFigure422.
4.5.4.10 IntraSubstationCommunicationsInfrastructure(SubstationLAN)
A fibre optic network will be deployed within the substation building for local
communicationstoalltheIEDs,HMIsandGateway.
Dualindustrialgrade,substationhardened,switchedEthernetnetworksshallbeused
to manage the fibre optic network infrastructure at the substations. It is
recommendedthattheswitchedEthernetnetworkshallalsoprovidethefacilityfora
voiceoverIP(VoIP)telephonysystem.
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ThenetworktopologyshallbesuchthateachIEDshallconnectdirectlytothenetwork
switches using both network interfaces in either a fast failover configuration or a
parallelredundancyconfiguration(usingPRP).Noringtopologiesshallbepermitted
particularlywheretheIEDsarerequiredtobeanintegralpartofthetopology.
The substation switches shall support the Precision Timing Protocol as per the
IEEE1588v2PowerProfilestandard.
ThenetworksshallmakeuseofMultipleSpanningTreeforredundancypurposesand
noproprietaryredundancysolutionsshallbeacceptable.
Theswitchesshallbeconfiguredtoisolatethedifferenttraffictypesintodedicated
VirtualLocalAreaNetworks(VLANs).
Monitoring of the switched Ethernet networks shall be done from the HMI and
gatewayusingtheSNMPv3protocol.
4.5.4.11 AncillarySupplies
400Vacsuppliesforthenewcontrolroomwillbesourcedfrom:
ACBoardinexistingcontrolroom.InstalladditionalMCCBinexistingACboardif
required.
NewStationTransformer400VAuxiliaryTransformerincludingtwotariffmeters
(mainandCheck)inACboard.
33/0.4kVAuxiliarytransformerclosetonewGeneratorTransformers
Thenew400kVHVyardextensioncontrolroomshallbeequippedwithdual110Vdc
systemstoprovideauxiliarysuppliesforswitchgear,protectionandcontrolsystems.
Thenew400kVHVyardextensioncontrolroomshallbeequippedwithdual48Vdc
systemstoprovideauxiliarysuppliesforcommunicationsystems.
TherequiredstandbytimefortheDCsystemsshallbe12hours.
ProposedcontrolroompositionsatB1B8andB12B15asperFigure422.
4.5.4.12 StatisticalandTariffMetering
Adedicatedstatisticalmeteringpanelshallbeinstalledinthecontrolroomcontaining
polyphase,4Quadrantstatisticalmeters.
Statisticalmetersshallbeinstalledonthe400kVfeeder(s),TransformersandBusbar
Reactors.Statisticalmeterstypicallyhaveanaccuracyclassof0,5swhereastariffclass
meterstypicallyhaveanaccuracyclassof0,2s.
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SpacewillbeprovidedinthecontrolroomtoinstallMainandChecktariffmetering
oncetheGeneratorsandStationTransformerareinstalledon400kVlevel.
InstalltwotariffmetersonACBoardformeteringpurposesforthe400Vsupplyfrom
theStationTransformer.
ProposedcontrolroompositionsatD01D03asperFigure422.
4.5.4.13 QualityofSupplyMetering
Not applicable at present however allowance has been made in the control room
layoutforaPowerQualitymeteringpanelatpositionD04asperFigure422.
4.5.4.14 DisturbanceRecording
Dedicated disturbance recording is not required as the IEDs will provide this
functionality
4.5.4.15 Travelingwavefaultlocator
DoubleendeddedicatedTravelingWaveFaultLocatorwithatleasttwolinemodules
shallbeinstalledtoaccommodatetheLetlhakanelineandthesparefeederbay.
Theunitshallbeexpandabletoeightbaysandshallprovideextremelyprecisefault
locationonmultiplelinesenablingoperationandmaintenanceengineerstorespond
rapidlytoeventsandcorrectdefectsatminimumcostandmaximumefficiency.
SimilartravelingwavefaultlocatorsmustbefreeissuedtotheLetlhakaneprojectand
installedattheremoteendsubstationsforincreasedaccuracy.Thefaultlocationis
determinedbysoftwarethatrequiresreadingsfrombothunitstherebycompleting
thedualmeasurementsystem.
ProposedcontrolroompositionatC11asperFigure422.
4.5.4.16 MorupuleBTelecommunications
MorupuleBLetlhakaneFeeder
Anew48fibreOPGWcableistobeinstalledonthenewLetlhakaneMorupuleBline.
In order to maintain consistency, the new 400kV Letlhakane 1 Feeder Main 1 and
Main 2 impedance protection IEDs will connect via hard wiring to the multiplexer
TEBIT/TEPI1module.
AnewSTM4connectionshallbeimplementedtoLetlhakaneina1+1configuration.
Due to the line length, optical amplification will be provided by a Padtec Multipad
MPD1200opticaltransportfittedwith1xSPVL1SupervisorModule,1xT06DC57
1BRP4Lmodule,1xBOA1CZ71AFAHmoduleand1xPOA1C141AFAHmodule.
ProposedcontrolroompositionatT1asperFigure422.
MultiplexerConceptualDesign
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Fourconceptualdesignoptionshavebeenproposedwiththeintentionofupgrading
BPCs multiplexer telecommunications infrastructure for the Isang and Morupule B
substationrequirements.
PleaserefertotheMorupuleBandIsangTelecommunicationsOverviewdiagramfor
integrationrequirementsasdescribedbelow.
Option1[Asapproved]Upgradetheexisting2xFOX515multiplexersatMorupule
B and replace them with a single FOX615 multiplexer. This option will provide
additionalcapacityatMorupuleBandhasthebenefitofmodernisationontheBPC
network. The existing FOX515 units can be redeployed at another site (e.g.
Letlhakane)orcanbeusedforsparesandupgradingofequipmentelsewhere.This
optionwillnecessitatetheconnectionoftheequipmentinthenewcontrolroomto
themultiplexerlocatedintheexistingcommunicationsroom.
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Figure421:MultiplexerConceptualDesign
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Figure422:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptual
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ConceptualDesign:Powerlines
5.1
General
Thefollowingsectionofthisreportdealswithdesignrecommendationsfortheoverheadtransmission
linewithinTAPsscopeofwork,namely:
MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2
ThisconceptualdesignhasincorporatedthedecisionsmadebyBPCregardingtheInceptionReport.
Morespecificdetailsofcomponentsandrequirementsarecontainedintherespectivespecifications
thathavebeencompiledforthisproject.
5.2
ServitudeandEnvironmentalConsiderations
Thefollowingsectionsofthisreportwilldiscusstheproposedroute.
5.2.1
RouteAlignmentOverview
The line route for the 400 kV line has in a large way been predefined by the existing 400kV line
betweenthesetwosubstationsandthelocationofavailablelinebaysatthesestations.Thisrouteis
illustratedbelowinFigure51.Thereissomelimitedpotentialscopetotryandremovesomeofthe
bendpointsduringtheESIAstudytostraightentherouteupandattempttoreducecostsinthis
manner.However,atthisstage,thisdoesnotseemlikelyanditisexpectedthattheESIAwillinsist
ontheparallelroutingpresentedinthisdocument.
Forthelinerouting,theonlysignificantdecisionmadeduringtheInception Designphasewasthe
separationdistancebetweentheexistingandproposedlines.SouthAfricanstandardpracticehas
standardlineseparationfor400kVat40mforlinesconstructedwithselfsupportingandguyedvee
structures(asproposedforthisline)and55mforlinesconstructedwithcrossropestructures.This
would indicate that a minimum separation distance of 40 m should be targeted. It was however
proposedandacceptedintheInceptionReportthatalineseparationdistanceof60m beutilised
betweenthe400kVlines.
Thisseparationwillallowtheutmostflexibilityinthedesignoftheproposedlineintermsoftower
placementaswellasreducingelectricandmagneticfieldsandanycouplingeffectsbetweenthetwo
400kVlines.
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Figure51:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2ProposedRoute(GoogleEarth)
The route is predominantly oriented in a northeasterly direction more or less parallel to the A1
NationalRoadfromGaboronetoFrancistown(viaPalapye).Forthefirst60kmofthelineasitleaves
IsangS/SthelineisreasonablyclosetotheA1NationalRoadandtheMorupulePalapyerailwayline,
thereafterthelinedeflectsawayfromtheroadslightlyforthenext140kmmainlytobypassthetown
ofMahalapyeanditssurroundingdevelopments.NorthofthesettlementofRadiselethelineturns
sharplytowardsthenorthwest,crossingbackovertheA1NationalRoadtotrackbacktotheexisting
220kVlinecorridor.Oncethelinerouteintersectswiththe220kVlinestherouteturnsagaintothe
northeastasitapproachestheMorupuleBPowerStationnearPalapye.
5.2.2
VegetationandLandscapeDescription
Thetopographyontherouteislowreliefplainwithfeaturelessveld.Thelineroutewasoriginally
selectedtobypassthefewterrainobstacles(suchashillsandvalleysontheroute)asindicatedon
Figure52.Howeveritdoescrossseveralseasonalriversandstreamlets.Themajorriversthatwillbe
crossed from north to south are the Lotsane, Taupye, Mahalapye (Figure 55), Bonwapitse and
Serorome.
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Figure52:Excerptfromlineroutemapindicatingtheterrainobstacles(GoogleMaps)
Thesubsurfacesoilsareatthisstageassumedtobecomprisedprimarilyofintermediate(Type2=
50%)andloosesandysoil(Type3=25%)soilclassesoverthebulkofthelineroute.Ageotechnical
investigationbeenperformed(ReportNumber:15/098)withthefindingsindicatingthefollowingsoil
distribution:
Type1
Type2
Type3
SoftRock
=15%
=50%
=25%
=10%
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Figure53:Typicalshrublevelvegetationalongthelineroute
Thevegetationstructuresalongtheproposedpowerlineroutecompriseofshrubandtreesavanna.
Theshrublayerischaracterizedbythemultistemmedspeciesandtheyhaveashortgrowthform.
Whiletreesavannaconsistsofsinglestemmedmaturetallspecies.Thevegetationunitsobservedin
theprojectareaincludesTerminaliaacaciamixedveld,Acaciamixedveld,Mopanemixedveldand
Combretummixedveld.Atypicalrepresentationofthetypeofvegetationtobeencounteredalong
therouteisindicatedinFigure53andFigure55.
5.2.3
Servitudebushclearing
TheContractorshallprovideforclearingoftreesandbushthroughoutthelinerouteforthefullwidth
oftheservitude.Selectedtallertreescanbefelled,suchthatanytree,afterfallingshallnotbemore
than10mclearofthecentreline,andnostandingtreeshouldbeabletocauseaflashoverfroma
conductordeflectedupto55fromthevertical.
Thestripoflandshallbeclearedcompletelyofalltrees,scrubandundergrowthbyfellingnotmore
than150mmabovegroundlevel.
Theservitudeshallbeclearedbybulldozerorothermechanicalequipment.Althoughduecaremust
bemadetolimitunnecessaryremovalanddisturbanceoftopsoil.
5.2.4
Climate
Botswanahaspredominantlysubtropicalclimate,theprojectareaistypicallysemiaridandthelocal
waterwaysaredryexceptduringtherainyseason.Therainfallseasonisinthesummermonthswhich
is from October to March. Rainfall patterns are seasonal with summer rainy seasons and winter
drought. The average annual precipitation is approximately 406 mm in the area where the line is
located.Theaverageannualrainfallisabout500mmperannumintheextremenortheast,toless
than250mmperannumintheotherpartsofthecountry.
The average temperatures appear to be slightly higher on the more southerly sections of the line
wheretheareaismorearid.
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Themainclimaticinformationforthestudyareaissummarisedbelow:
Table51:Climaticdatafortheprojectarea
AirTemperature
Maximum
40.7C
Minimum
0.2C
MeanAnnualPrecipitation
Average
450mm/p.a.
Lightningactivity
KeuranicLevel
40daysperyear
GroundFlashDensity
4flashes/km2/year
TheaveragedailytemperatureisthehighestduringthemonthsofOctobertoJanuarywhenittypically
averagesaround32C.Theannualaveragetemperaturevariesbetweenahighof28.5Ctoalowof
12.6C. The winter months are from May to August and is dry with mild winds. In winter, during
extremeconditionsthetemperaturecandropaslowas5C.
Theeffectofice/snowloadingoninsulatorsdonotneedtobeconsideredsincetheprojectareafalls
intheiceorsnowfreezone.TheclimatechartofMahalapyebelow,givesanindicationofaverage
precipitationinmmpermonthtogetherwiththeaveragetemperaturepermonth.
Figure54:ClimatechartofMahalapye
5.2.5
BirdProtection
TheEMPfortheconstructionoftheexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine1indicatedthatnomajor
faunanoravifaunaimpactsneedtobeconsideredalongthelinetheroute.Itwashowevernoted
that,atlargerivercrossings,birdflightdiverterswereinstalled(Figure55).Thissameapproachwill
morethanlikelyberecommendedduringtheESIAforthenewline,withavifaunalexpertsguidingthe
placementofsuchdevices.
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Birdflightdiverters
Figure55:MahalapyeRivercrossing
Nobirdguardswereobservedontheexistingline,howeverthesecanbespecifiedifbirdrelatedfaults
areaconcernforBPC.The515SeriesoftowerscanaccommodatebirdguardsasindicatedinFigure
56below.
Figure56:Birdguardsfittedona515BGuyedveestructure
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5.2.6
AviationProtection
AsperCivilAviationAuthorityofBotswanaandBPCrequirementsstructuresandconductorspans
thatqualifyasobstaclesneedtobeappropriatelymarkedforpilotandpublicsafety.Allspansand
towersindicatedbytheEmployermustbefittedwithappropriatedaylightmarkers.Thetypical
requirementsare:
Roadcrossings:
o AllmainroadcrossingsmustbemarkedbyAerialWarningDevices(AWDs)onthe
crossing span as well as the two flanking spans. Marking of a single shield wire is
consideredadequate.
o Thereare5largeroadcrossingswhichwillrequireAWDs.
Proximitytoairports:
o Typicallylineswithina4kmradiusofairportsoraerodromesneedtobemarkedwith
AWDs.
o OnthislinetheonlyairportclosebyisthePalapyeAirport,butthisisatleast8.4km
awayfromtheline.ThisshallbeconfirmedduringtheESIAprocess.
Rivervalleysconsiderednavigablebyaircraftwheretheconductor60mabovetheground:
o SpansrequiremarkingbyAWDs(noanticipatedoccurrencesonthisline)
Talltowers:
o Supportstructuresthatarehigherthan45mwillrequirepaintinginhorizontalbands
ofalternatingredandwhite.Eachbandmustbeapproximately1/7ofthestructure
height,theextremeendbandsmustbered.
o Asthedesignisnotyetcompleteitisnotknownyetifthisrequirementisneeded,but
itisunusualinflatterrainforthistypeofmarkingtoberequired.
Theaerialwarningdevicesshouldconstitutethefollowing:
AWDsshouldbesphericalinconceptwithaminimumdiameterof600mmandmaximum
weightof5kg
Thecolourshallalternatealongthespansbetweendayglowwhiteanddayglowred
Themaximumhorizontalspacingbetweenalternatedevicesshallbe30m
CentremountedAerial
WarningDevices
Figure57:A14Roadcrossing(indicatingAerialWarningDevices)
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5.2.7
BendPointsandCrossings
CoordinatesareprovidedingeographicalformatandintherequiredCartesiancoordinatesas
follows:
SurveyProjection: UTM35South
Datum:
Hartebeeshoek94WGS84
GeoidalModel:
EGM2008
TheproposedlinerouteindicatedinFigure51passesthroughthefollowingbendpointslistedin
Table52below.
Table52:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2:Bendpointcoordinates
Position
GeographicCoordinates
CartesianCoordinates
Altitude(m)
Latitude
Longitude
E(m)
N(m)
MORUPULEB
Gantry
2231'16.99"S
273'9.68"E
949
505418.488
7509460.221
B1
2231'17.13"S
273'11.04"E
950
505457.474
7509455.903
B2
2231'31.10"S
273'23.07"E
948
505800.782
7509026.175
B3
2232'17.33"S
273'15.50"E
945
505583.987
7507604.611
B4
2233'38.33"S
271'51.52"E
944
503184.901
7505114.935
B5
2234'57.72"S
271'34.40"E
943
502695.417
7502673.724
B6
2237'25.94"S
271'37.15"E
956
502773.066
7498116.373
B7
2237'54.52"S
273'15.93"E
958
505592.547
7497236.603
B8
2238'3.46"S
273'59.78"E
961
506844.119
7496961.38
B9
2241'12.64"S
278'17.11"E
964
514183.793
7491139.109
B10
238'47.79"S
2659'2.12"E
961
498354.052
7440250.46
B11
2316'47.89"S 2654'28.14"E
959
490572.582
7425484.225
B12
2328'10.09"S 2646'26.60"E
900
476925.713
7404490.409
B13
2333'24.83"S 2639'30.94"E
947
465157.23
7394788.069
B14
2341'3.79"S
2635'46.62"E
968
458837.789
7380657.185
B15
2343'55.17"S 2630'34.08"E
984
450004.139
7375359.005
B16
2350'19.52"S 2625'37.47"E
951
441654.176
7363507.449
B17
241'34.69"S
2620'26.30"E
950
432948.322
7342704.373
B18
249'43.27"S
2614'34.89"E
948
423102.533
7327627.499
ISANGGantry
249'29.26"S
2613'59.10"E
947
422090.012
7328052.87
Themajorobstaclescrossedalongtherouteareindicatedin
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Table53below.Theseobstacleswereeitherobservedduringthesitevisit,orareobservablefrom
GoogleEarthaerialimages.
Table53:MajorcrossingsalongtheproposedMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2route
Crossings
Station
(km)
Description
Specialprecautions
MVLine
1.15
11or33kV
Outagerequiredforstringing
HVLine
1.19
66kV
Outagerequiredforstringing
RailwayLine
1.21
MorupulePalapyeRailLink
Nonelectrifiedrailwayline
HVLine
1.25
66kV
Outagerequiredforstringing
Telecomline
1.67
Telecomlinewithinroadreserve
A14Road
1.69
PrimaryRoadfromPalapyeOrapa
Roadclosureforstringing
LotsaneRiver
6.08
Environmentalprecautions
Buildingwithin
servitude
17.48
A1Road
19.46
PrimaryRoadfromGaborone
Francistown
Roadclosureforstringing
RailwayLine
19.62
GaboronePalapyeRailLink
Nonelectrifiedrailwayline
MVLine
77.32
11or33kV
Outagerequiredforstringing
Roadcrossing
77.35
Secondaryroad
Roadclosureforstringing
Telecomline
77.37
Telecomlinewithinroadreserve
TaupyeRiver
80.70
Environmentalprecautions
MahalapyeRiver
93.23
Environmentalprecautions
BonwapitseRiver
121.52
Environmentalprecautions
SeroromeRiver
127.48
Environmentalprecautions
TropicofCapricorn
128.99
Roadcrossingnearthetropicline,
takenastheboundarybetween
BPCoperatingunits
Roadclosureforstringing
MVLine
146.25
11or33kV
Outagerequiredforstringing
Roadcrossing
176.70
Secondaryroad
Roadclosureforstringing
RailwayLine
217.66
GaboronePalapyeRailLink
Nonelectrifiedrailwayline
A1Road
217.83
PrimaryRoadfromGaborone
Francistown
Roadclosureforstringing
MVLine
217.86
11or33kV
Outagerequiredforstringing
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5.2.8
Substationexit
Thissectiondiscusses,atahighlevel,theproposedsubstationexitsateitherendofthelineroute.
MorupuleB
Section2.1discussesthedetailedlayoutofMorupuleBsubstationsHVyard.Theproposedsolution
isthatthe MorupuleB Isang400kV Line2shalloccupythe existingfullyequippedsparebayat
MorupuleB.ThisimpliesthattheMorupuleBLetlhakane400kVLinewillterminateinanewfeeder
bayinthesubstationextension.Thissolutionwilleffectivelyavoidtheneedtohavea400kVline
crossinginfrontofthestation.Thereisapossibilitythat,duetoconstructionschedules,thelineto
Orapa will be completed before the new substation extension is commissioned. This eventuality
wouldrequireatemporary400kVlineterminationintotheexistingsparebayatMorupuleB.This
outcomehasbeen discussedwithBPC and therelevant consultantsfor thatlineandistechnically
feasibleasatemporarysolution,withthelineswungovertothenewfeederbayforthefinalsolution.
LETLHAKANE
SERULE
PHOKOJE
ISANG
ISANG
Figure58:HVLinesexitingMorupuleAandB
ThefinalproposedlayoutforHVlinesatMorupuleBisasindicatedaboveinFigure58.Theprimary
reasonfortheselectionoftheaboveroutingsistoavoidpresentandfuturelinecrossingsasfaras
possible.
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Isang
ThearrangementatIsangsubstationisrelativelystraightforward.Thereisasparefeederbayinthe
400kVyardthatcaneasilyaccommodatetheproposedIsangMorupuleB400kVLine2.Thisis
indicatedbelowFigure59.Theproposedsolutionresultsinthe400kVlinesflankingtheaccessroad
intothesubstationofftheA1NationalRoad.
MORUPULEA
MORUPULEB
THAMAGA
RAKOLA
SEGODITSHANE
Figure59:HVLinesexitingIsang
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5.3
ClearanceRequirements
Theclearanceswithwhichthelineshavebeenprofiledarestatedbelowin
Table54:TableofMinimumClearances(SANS102801:2013)
Clearances(m)
Description
400kV
ElectricalClearances:
PhasetoEarth(MinimumSafetyClearance)
3.2
VerticalClearances
ClearancetoGround
8.61
ClearancetoRoads
9.3
Tobuildings,polesandstructuresnotformingpartofthepower
line
5.6
Otherpowerlinesandtelecommunicationlines
3.8
Railway(nonelectrified)
9.0
Railway(electrified)
13.4
HorizontalClearances
Toallground,buildingsandstructuresnotpartofthepowerline
5.4
3.2
ConductorSelection
Alifecyclecostingexercisewasperformedinordertodeterminewhattheoptimalconductorbundle
on the line should be. This conductor optimisation was performed during the compilation of the
Inception report (P1887373806138030111) and the reader is referred to that report for the
detailedfindings.
Insummary,thesolutionthatwasproposedbyTAPandacceptedbyBPCwastoinstall3xTernACSR
phaseconductoronthelines.Thisrecommendationcaterswellforfuturegrowthwheretheloading
onthelinecouldincreaseabove300MVA.
ThisproposalisthesameconfigurationutilisedbyBPContheMorupuleBPhokoje400kVLine.
1 SANSclearancerequirementis8.1m,butasperSection5.5belowtheclearancerequiredhasbeen
increasedto8.6mtoensurethattheElectricfieldattheservitudeedgeremainswithininternational
recommendations
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TheelectricallineparametersfortheselectedoptionsweredeterminedusingPowerFactory.The
parametersdeterminedaretheresistance(R),reactance(X)andthesusceptance(B)ofthedifferent
towerandconductorconfigurations.Alloftheparameterswerecalculatedona100MVAbasefor
the entire length of the line. A templating temperature of 60 C was used to cover cases of high
ambienttemperatureandmoderateloading.Italsoallowsflexibilityforfutureupgrades.
Table55:Lineparametersforconductorandtowercombinations
Conductor
Tower
3xTern
515B
PositiveSequence
(Ohm)
R
5.649362
62.75838
885.0927
ZeroSequence
(Ohm)
R
43.77862
X
168.5726
5.5
EnvironmentaleffectsofCorona,ElectricandMagneticFields
5.5.1
Introduction
ThefollowingisasummaryofthepracticesappliedbyTAPengineeringinconsideringthefieldeffects
of HV transmission for BPCs Morupule B Isang 400 kV Line 2. The basis of this document are
referencesextendingfrominternationallyacceptedrestrictionsandlocallydefinedlimitsadoptedby
correspondingassociationandEskom.Onesinglelinehasbeenconsideredfortheanalysis.
The tower considered was the 515B structures and the servitude width was 55m. Several bundle
configurationswereinvestigated,withtheselectedoption3xTernACSR(27.0mm)spacedat450mm
alsoincluded.Theresultshavebeenpresentedundertheassumptionthattheservitudeisfreeofany
dwellingsorindustrialsites.Thevaluesoffieldsandnoiseparametersattheedgeoftheservitude
havebeencomparedwithEskomadoptedlimitsandthefindingspointoutthatthepredictedvalues
arecontainedwithintheselimits.Asummaryofthedatausedasinputtothebundleselectionand
theconductorsconsideredinthebundleselectionarepresentedinTable1andTable2below.
Ingeneral,theOPGWwasusedasshieldwiretypeinthecalculationsasshownintheTableabove.
Thesteelshieldwirepresentedaninceptiongradientof16.2kV/cmwithactualgradientaround5.2
kV/cmfortheconfigurationsstudied.
Case 8, which corresponds with the selected conductor bundle for this project offers a solution,
provided the increased minimum ground clearance of 8.6 m rather than the standard 400 kV
clearanceof8.1mismet.
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Table56:Summaryofthedatausedasinputtothebundleselection
BOTSWANAPOWERCOMPANY400KVLINEFIELDEFFECTSSTUDY
LineVoltageUmax:
OPGWDiameter:
SteelWire19/2.7Diameter:
420kV
17,7mm
13.5mm
RequiredInceptionGradientMargin:
AudibleNoise(AN)L50WetLimit:
RadioNoiseLimitl50Wet:
MaxElectricField:
ElectricFieldatSevitude:
MaxMageticField:
DesignTarget/Limit
Case Conductor
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3xKingbird
4xPelican
3xTern
2xBersfort
2xYew
3x650MCM
3x800MCM
3xTern
Type
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
AAAC
AAAC
AAAC
ACSR
LineLength:
AveSpanLength:
ServitudeWidth:
220km
430m
55m
5%
53.1dBA
72dB
10kV/m
5kV/m
200T
380
380
450
570
450
380
450
450
0.77(ExceptforKingbird:0.7)
1100m
8.1m
PowerRatingNominal:
600MVA
Key:
TargetLevelNotMet:
Solution:
Conductor Bundle
Tower MinGnd Inception MaxPh
Diameter Seperation Typeto Clearance Gradient Gradient
Ph
(kV/cm)
[mm]
[mm]
Consider
(m)
23.88
20.7
27.0
35.56
28.42
23.56
26.14
27.0
RoughnessFactor:
MaxAltitude:
MinGroundClearance:
515B
515B
515B
515B
515B
515B
515B
515B
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.6
17.2
19.2
18.6
18.1
18.5
18.9
18.7
18.6
17.8
16.9
16.3
16.5
19.6
18.0
16.7
16.25
5%
53.1dBA
72dB
10kV/m 5kV/m 200T
Margin
Inception MaxSW ANL50 RIL50Wet MaxE EFieldat MaxM
Above
Gradient Gradient Wet
(dB)
Field
Servitud
Field
Inception SW(kV/cm (kV/cm) (dBA)
(kV/m) e(kV/m)
(T)
3.7
13.8
14.4
9.7
5.7
5.0
11.7
14.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
4.4
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.7
46.5
43.0
44.7
52.1
55.8
46.7
45.3
44.4
63.3
57.7
60.6
66.3
71.5
63.6
61.4
60.7
10.7
11.5
11.0
10.3
9.8
10.6
11.0
10.0
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
24.3
5.5.2
Coronaasfieldeffect
Amajorconsiderationfromcoronaisbroadbandaudiblenoise.Audiblenoisecanvarysignificantly
withweatherconditionsandforthisstudy,audiblenoiselevelswerepredictedforrainyweatheronly.
Thecommonvalueemployedisanoiselevel,whichexceedsthelimitof50%ofthetime(L50).Eskom
adoptedamaximumL50wetaudiblenoiselimitof53dBAattheedgeofthe55mservitude.Fora
maximumaltitudeof1100m,thepredictedL50rainyweatheraudiblenoiselevelfortheBPC400kV
lineis44.4dBAforthe515Btowerconfiguration.
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Figure510:L50WetAudibleNoisePrediction(BPA)515BTower
The radio noise at the servitude boundary is expected to be around 60.7 dB above 1V in rainy
conditions,witha72dBlimit.
5.5.3
PowerfrequencyElectricandMagneticFields(EMF)asfieldeffect
EXPOSURECHARACTERISTICS
ELECTRICFIELD
(kV/m)r.m.s
MAGNETICFLUXDENSITY
T(r.m.s)
OCCUPATIONALReferenceLevel
10
1000
GENERALPUBLICReferenceLevel
200
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Table58:EskomLineDesignLimits
Electricfield
10kV/minsideservitude;5kV/matservitudeboundaryinaccordancewith
SANS102801
Magneticfield
200TforpublicinaccordancewithSANS102801
RadioNoise
72dBabove1V,at500kHz,L50wetconditions,attheedgeoftheservitude
AudibleNoise
42dBAattheservitudeboundary,L50dryconditions
AudibleNoise
53dBAattheservitudeboundary,L50wetconditions
Themaximumelectricfieldattheedgeoftheservitudeoftheprospectiveline(BPC400kVline)is
expectedtobearound1.3to1.6kV/mversustheallowableICNIRPlevelof5kV/mforpublicexposure.
In practice, it can be safely assumed that the 10kV/m will not be exceeded because of conductor
clearanceslargerthantheminimumrequirementof8.6m.
Figure511:ElectricFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower
Themaximummagneticfieldpresentedbythepowerline,atapowertransferrateof600MVA(866
A),isexpectedtobe23.7Tcomparedwiththe200microtesla(T)allowableICNIRPguidelinefor
publicexposure.Attheservitudeboundarythemagneticfieldlevelsfalltoabout4.2Tforthesame
power transfer of 600 MVA. The maximum current that may appear on the line, 2950 A, present
maximummagneticfieldsof82.6Tforthe515Btowerstructureswithintheservitude.Fromthese
figuresitisclearthatthemagneticfieldlevel1.8maboveground,withintheservitudeandatthe
servitudeboundary,evenunderemergencyconditions,isunlikelytoexceedtheICNIRPguidelineof
200T.
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Figure512:MagneticFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower
5.5.4
SimulationofCoronaandNoiseParameters
TheBonnevillePowerAdministration(BPA)softwarewasusedinthefieldeffectsstudywhilsttaking
worstcaseconditionsintoconsideration.
Table59:BPASimulationconditions
Parameter
Comment
LinevoltageUmax=420kV
Theprobabilitythatthelinewilloperateat420kVissmall
sinceitwillbeoperatedmuchclosertoUnom=400kV.An
impactofuptoa20%overestimateofcoronaandnoise
parametersispossible.
Lowestpossibleconductorposition
=8.6mforasolution.
Maximumloading(1725MVA(2490A)basedona
conductortemperatureof75Candapproximately2044
MVA(2950A)on90C)willberequiredtoachievethis.
Both of the conditions above are adding to the conservativeness of the corona assessment. If the
probability of the two conditions occurring simultaneously is considered and the variability of the
terrainandtheheightofphaseconductorsabovegroundareincluded,itbecomesobviouswhyEskom
isnotreceivinganysignificantnumberofcomplaintsaboutannoyancecausedbyhighvoltagepower
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lines.Thephilosophyisthereforeconservativeandthislineisnotexpectedtogeneratesignificant
amountofcomplaints.
5.5.5
Impactofthetoweronfieldeffects
The impact of tower phase spacing, associated with the 515 towers, on the field effects at HV
transmission is twofold. The critical gradient, (i.e. the gradient at which corona starts) has been
calculatedtobe18.6kV/cm(roughness=0.77,altitude=1100m)forabundleofthreeTernACSR
conductorsspacedat450mm.Themaximumconductorsurfacegradienthasbeenappreciatedtobe
around16.3kV/cm.
5.5.6
RadioInterference(RI)
AreliablepredictionofRIisimportant,asnocorrectionsoflinedesignorconstructioncanbemade
after the line has been built. Once the line is in service there are several alternatives only to be
measuredtoverifytheleveloftheRI.
Therearefourparametersinvolvedinthespecificationofradionoiselimits:
Theminimumsignaltobeprotected;
Theminimumacceptablesignaltonoiseratio;
The reference noise level, 27.5 m from the nearest conductor, during prescribed weather
conditions;and
Theprotecteddistance,thatis,theminimumdistancefromthelineatwhichthesignalcanbe
satisfactoryreceived.
Ifanythreeoftheseparametersarespecified,thefourthcanbedetermined.
TheanalysisoftheRIbehaviouroftheinsulatorsinrespecttothesurfaceconditionsismadetothe
followingclassificationaccordingtoCISPR182andIEC437:
Cleaninsulatorsitisanidealconditioninwhichtheinsulatorsremaincompletelyclean(Type
Aareas)
Slightlypollutedinsulatorsitisthemostcommonsituationinrelativelycleanareasaftera
certainperiodoftime(Noimportantdrybandsarepresent)(TypeBareas)
Pollutedinsulatorsdrybandsarepresentinwetconditions;thisisthesituationinservicein
pollutedareasofvariouspollutionseverities(TypeCareas)
Researchintoradiointerferenceproducedbypollutedceramicandpolymerinsulatorsshowsthatfor
thesamevoltage,ceramictypesproduceupto10dBmoreRIVthandopolymerictypes.
TheRIVlimitadoptedbyEskomis65dB(above1V/300at0.5MHzincleanconditions(regardless
ofthealtitudeandthetypeofinsulatorused).
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Figure513:RadioNoisePredictionat500kHz(BPA)515BTower
5.5.7
Fieldeffectsconclusions
The3xTernACSRoptionwillsatisfytheclientsrequirementsintermsoffieldeffects(corona,noise
andEMF)parameterswithsufficientmarginofsafety.
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5.6
GroundWireSelection
Partoftheprojectscopeentailsthedesignandselectionofagroundwiresystem.The515Seriesof
towers makes use of two ground wires the size of the cables used in the structural design is
GalvanizedSteelWire(GSW)19/2.65.However,asperBPCrequirementsoneofthegroundwires
mustbeOpticalGroundWire(OPGW)asperforcommunicationandprotectionsettingsbetweenthe
substations.ThissectiondetailsthegroundwireandOPGWselectionfortheMorupuleBIsang400
kVLine2.Thisselectionwillbebasedonthepredictedfaultlevelsattheendsubstationsobtained
fromtheNetworkPlanningReport.
OnaTransmissionlinewhenafaultoccurs,thefaultcurrentwillbesplitbetweenthegroundwireand
the OPGW depending on the respective impedances. Typically, OPGW has a lower impedance in
comparisontogroundwireespeciallyifsteelgroundwireisbeingused.Asaresult,theOPGWshould
have a higher fault current capability. The table below shows the predicted fault levels at the
substations:
Table510:Faultlevelsat400kVBusbaratendsubstations
3Fault
1Fault
[kA]
[kA]
MorupuleB(400kV)
9.864
19.73
Isang(400kV)
5.473
10.95
Substation
5.6.1
Findings
Basedontheabovefaultlevelsatthesubstations,thefaultcurrentdistributionalongthelinewas
calculated. Calculations were done to determine the 80% fault current that would be seen by the
groundwiresandsubsequently20%ofthefaultcurrentthatpassestogroundthroughthetowers.
ThiswillprovidethemaximumfaultcurrentcapabilitythattheOPGWandgroundwirecombinedneed
tosustain.Thegraphbelowsummariestheresultsfromthesecalculations:
Figure514:GraphdepictingfaultcurrentdistributionalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2
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Table511:DistributionoffaultcurrentalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2
Distancefrom
MorupuleB(400kV)
[km]
0.0
0.3
2.2
4.4
7.6
10.9
21.9
43.7
76.5
98.3
109.3
120.2
142.0
174.8
196.7
207.6
210.9
214.1
216.3
218.2
218.5
SinglePhaseFault
Current
[kA]
19.881
19.716
18.647
17.568
16.193
15.046
12.312
9.396
7.505
6.957
6.814
6.744
6.811
7.487
8.523
9.345
9.649
9.987
10.234
10.471
10.95
FaultCurrentin
Groundwires(80%)
[kA]
15.90
15.77
14.92
14.05
12.95
12.04
9.85
7.52
6.00
5.57
5.45
5.40
5.45
5.99
6.82
7.48
7.72
7.99
8.19
8.38
8.76
FaultCurrentin
Tower&Ground
(20%)
[kA]
3.98
3.94
3.73
3.51
3.24
3.01
2.46
1.88
1.50
1.39
1.36
1.35
1.36
1.50
1.70
1.87
1.93
2.00
2.05
2.09
2.19
Fromthetableaboveitcanbeobservedthatthemaximumfaultcurrentthatthecombinedground
wiresystemwillexperienceis15.9kA.Similarlythemaximumfaultcurrentthatwillbedissipatedto
thetowerandgroundis3.98kA.Inordertolimitthecostsoftheprojectandtotryandoffsetthehigh
costsoftheOPGW,itwasinitiallyproposedthatthesecondgroundwirebeGSW19/2.7.
Thetablebelowshowstherelevantmechanicalandelectricalpropertiesoftheproposed10kAOPGW
andtheproposedconductorsforthesecondgroundwirePetrelACSRandGSW19/2.7.
Table512:Groundwireproperties
Conductor
Type
OPGW10kA OPGW
Petrel
ACSRextrastrong
GSW19/2.7
GalvanisedSteelwire
Mass
[kg/km]
Total
Diameter
[mm]
DC
Resistance
[/km]
Ratedshortcircuit
Capabilityfor1s
[kA]
588
13.6
0.43
10.00
376.9
11.71
0.567
7.38
857
13.5
1.88
7.91
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UsingthefaultcurrentvaluesinTable511andtherelevantparametersoftheselectedOPGWand
GSW 19/2.7 in Table 512, the relative fault sharing between the two ground wire types was
calculated.ThetablebelowshowsthefaultcurrentdissipationinthegroundwiresontheMorupule
BIsang400kVLine2.
Table513:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandGSW19/2.7
FaultLocation
[km]
0.0
0.3
2.2
4.4
7.6
10.9
21.9
43.7
76.5
98.3
109.3
120.2
142.0
174.8
196.7
207.6
210.9
214.1
216.3
218.2
FaultCurrentin
OPGW10kA
FaultCurrentin
GSW19/2.7
[kA]
12.94
12.84
12.14
11.44
10.54
9.80
8.02
6.12
4.89
4.53
4.44
4.39
4.43
4.87
5.55
6.08
6.28
6.50
6.66
6.82
[kA]
2.96
2.94
2.78
2.62
2.41
2.24
1.83
1.40
1.12
1.04
1.01
1.00
1.01
1.11
1.27
1.39
1.44
1.49
1.52
1.56
Basedonthevaluesfromtheabovetableitcanbeseenthatthefaultlevelinthe10kAOPGWwill
exceedthe10kAlimitforapproximatelythefirst10kmoflinenearMorupuleBsubstation.Thefault
levelintheGSW19/2.7remainsrelativelylow.ThemainreasonforthisoverutilisationontheOPGW
isthefactthattheOPGWwillhogmore(81%)ofthefaultcurrentduetoitslowerimpedance(i.e.
0.43/kmfortheOPGWand1.88/kmfortheGSW).ItisthusproposedthatanACSRconductorbe
utilised,withalowerimpedancethantheGSWsuchthatthefaultcurrentissharedmoreequitably
betweenthetwowires.
Forthisattemptthetargetwastoensurethatthephysicaldimensionsofcrosssectionaldiameterand
conductormasswaskeptequaltoorlowerthanthatoftheGSW19/2.7.
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TheproposedACSRtobeutilisedisPetrelACSR,whichisclassedasanextrastrengthACSRduetothe
highsteelcontent.Thishighsteelcontentwillalsoservetoensurethatthecostoftheconductor
doesnotrisetoofar.
WhenconsideringthePetrelACSRthefollowingdistributionoffaultcurrentsisattained:
Table514:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandPetrelACSR
FaultLocation
[km]
0.0
0.3
2.2
4.4
7.6
10.9
21.9
43.7
76.5
98.3
109.3
120.2
142.0
174.8
196.7
207.6
210.9
214.1
216.3
218.2
FaultCurrentin
OPGW10kA
[kA]
9.05
8.97
8.48
7.99
7.37
6.85
5.60
4.27
3.41
3.17
3.10
3.07
3.10
3.41
3.88
4.25
4.39
4.54
4.66
4.76
FaultCurrentin
PetrelACSR
[kA]
6.86
6.80
6.43
6.06
5.59
5.19
4.25
3.24
2.59
2.40
2.35
2.33
2.35
2.58
2.94
3.22
3.33
3.45
3.53
3.61
Itcannowbeseenthatthereisamoreequitablesharingofthefaultcurrentbetweenthesetwo
conductors,withtheOPGWtaking57%ofthefaultcurrents.
5.6.2
Recommendations
1. Install1xPetrelACSRconductorforthefirst15kmfromMorupuleB400kVsubstationto
caterforamaximumcombinedfaultcurrentof15.91kA.
2. After15kmthefaultlevelsdropconsiderably.Tooptimisethegroundwireusage,install1x
GSW19/2.7groundfortheremainderofthelinelengthtoIsang400kVsubstation.Thesteel
19/2.7 has a rated short circuit capacity of 7.91kA for 1s. This is sufficient to adequately
protecttheremainingsectionoftheline.
3. Install1x10kAOPGWfortheentirelengthoftheline
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a. TheOPGWselectedshouldhaveashortcircuitcurrentratingof10kAfor1second
Figure515belowillustratesthelengthsandsectionsofthedifferentgroundwirestobeusedonthe
400kVline.
MorupuleB
Power
Station
400kV
PetrelACSR
(15km)
Steel19/2.7
(203km)
IsangS/S
400kV
OPGW10kA
(218km)
Figure515:SchematicofgroundwirelayoutforMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2
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5.7
Insulators
Thissectionwilldetailtheinformationspecifictotheselectedinsulatorsforthisproject.
TheMaterialselectionforinsulatorsontheBPCtransmissionnetworkhashistoricallybeenlimitedto
glass cap and pin insulators for the 400 kV voltage level. The recommended application strategy
regarding the types of insulators and relevant parameters, as suggested by local and international
practice,istofirstestablishthesitepollutionseverity.Thisscientificapproachinvolvescombinations
of Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD), Nonsoluble Deposit Density (NSDD), Directional Dust
DepositGauge(DDDG)andsurfaceconductivitymeasurements.Testresultsaretheninterpretedin
relationtogeographicalinformationtoprovideanindicationofthesitepollutionseverity.Pollution
monitoringisgenerallyatwoyearprocess,priortoselectingparametersforinsulation.Sincesuch
testshavenotbeenperformedforthisproject,reliancehastobeplacedonotherfactorscontributing
tothechoiceofinsulationviz.towertypestobeimplementedandlocalenvironmentalconditions.
5.7.1
TowerTypes
The515(B,C,D,E,G,H)seriesofstructureshavebeenselectedtobeusedontheMorupuleBIsang
400kVLine.Thesuspensionassembliesforthe515B,515Gand515Htowerswillbeacombinationof
bothIStringandVStringassemblies.Onthesuspensiontower,twoinsulatorstringsfortheVstring
assemblyandoneinsulatorstringperIstringassembly.Eachinsulatorwillberatedat120kNtomeet
therequiredmechanicalstrengthratingofthesuspensionassembly.
The515(C,D,E)straintowers,haveahorizontaltwininsulatorstringassembliesonallphases.Each
insulatorwillberatedat210kNtoensureadequatemechanicalstrength.Thenumberofinsulator
stringsrequiredpertoweristwelve.
5.7.2
InsulatorSelection
The culmination of the design process is the specification of insulator types (glass cap and pin,
compositesetc.)andrelatedparameters.Theseaspectsarediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs
5.7.2.1
Creepage
ThesectionofthelineclosetoMorupuleBpowerstationisincloseproximitytopowerstations,open
coal mines and the growing industrial area in Palapye. Based on the resulting pollution from the
mentionedsources,thepollutionseveritylevelclassificationcanbedescribedasHigh.Consequently,
a creepage of 31 mm/kV is required on the line in this vicinity. To mitigate the effect of the high
pollutioninthisareacompositeinsulatorswithacreepageof31mm/kVwillbeusedonthefirst15km
oftheIsangMorupuleB400kVLine.
Theremainderofthe400kVlinetowardsIsangS/S,fallsinaMediumpollutionzone.AccordingtoIEC
60815therequiredcreepageforamediumpollutionzoneis20mm/kV.However,whenconsidering
the long term behaviour of composite insulators they can be described as organic and are thus
susceptibletotheageingprocessandvariancesinperformance.Tocaterforthis,compositeinsulators
withaspecific creepageof25 mm/kV willbe used onthe line. Glassisaninert material anda20
mm/kVcreepagevaluecanbeused.
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5.7.2.2
Material
Theconnectinglengthoftheinsulatorandhardwareassemblyisrestrictedbythetowergeometry
andformost400kVtowerdesignsamaximuminsulatorconnectinglengthof3660mcantypicallybe
accommodated.Fortheproposed515towers,themaximumallowable,insulatorconnectinglengthis
3750 mm. This connecting length restricts the use of glass insulators where higher creepage
requirementsexist.Inorder,toachievetherequiredcreepagedistanceandadheretotheallowable
insulatorlengthasperthe515Towerdesigns,compositeinsulatorswillbeusedontheline.
Theremainingsectionofthelinefallswithinamediumpollutionzoneandonlyrequiresacreepageof
25mm/kVifusingcompositeinsulatorsand20mm/kVifusingglassdiscs.Althoughitisviabletouse
glassinsulatorsonthissectionofline,formaintenanceandoperationpurposesitispreferrednotto
havedifferentinsulatortypesonthesameline.Therefore,compositeinsulatorswillbeusedonthe
remainingsectionofline.
The515Towerserieswasoriginallydesignedforglassinsulators,howevercompositeinsulatorsare
alsoaviablesolutionforthe400kVLine.TheallowableinsulatorlengthfortheIstringandVstring
assemblies on the suspension towers is 3.75 m. The length of glass insulators at a creepage of 31
mm/kV will violate the allowable insulator length thus making composite insulators the preferred
choice.Thecreepagerequirementsdonotimposerestrictionsoncompositeinsulatorlength,evenat
therequired31mm/kVand25mm/kV.Thetablebelowillustratesthispoint:
Table515:GlassCapandPinvs.CompositeInsulators
GlassCapandPinDimensions
CompositeDimensions
SingleU120Bdisccreepage=280mm
Totalinsulatorcreepage=10500mm
Connectinglength=146mmperdisc
Connectinglength=3550mm
No.ofdiscsrequiredtomeetcreepage
requirementof31mm/kV=47discs
No.ofinsulators=1
Totalconnectinglength=6862mm
Totalconnectinglength=3550mm
5.7.2.3
ArcingDistance
ThisparameterisusuallyderivedfromSANS102801:2013andtheOHSActSafetyclearancephase
toearth. The arcing distance specification for both the suspension and strain type insulator
configurationswillbe3200mm,betweenthegradingrings.Thisistoensurethattheinsulatorarcing
distance is comparable to the phasetotower clearance as per the mentioned documents. The
clearancevaluesarealsorelatedtothestipulatedwithstandlevelsforlightningandswitching.
5.7.2.4
ElectricalWithstandLevels
Lightning (BIL) and switching (SIL) impulse withstand levels are specified for 400 kV insulators. A
conservativeselectionofwithstandlevelspernominalvoltagehasbeenapplied.Therecommended
phasetoearthvaluesforBILandSILare1425kVand1050kVrespectively.
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5.7.2.5
MechanicalStrengthandendfittings
Insulatorsratedat120kNwillbeusedforallsuspensionassembliesand210kNinsulatorswillbeused
forthestrainassemblies.Forsuspensioninsulators,thestrengthisdeterminedfromtowerloading
studieswithdueconsiderationtomaximumconductorweightspans,windandiceloading,andbroken
conductorscenarios.
Forstrainassemblies, the minimumrequiredinsulatorstrength must meetorexceedthe ultimate
tensilestrength(UTS)ofthebundleandforTripleTerntheUTSis296.10kN.Toachievethis2x210kN
(totalof420kN)willbeinstalled.
Eachstrengthclassofinsulatoriscoupledtoaspecificendfittingsize,asspecifiedbyIEC60305.Based
onthis,ballandsocketendfittingsof16mmwillbeusedforallthe120kNinsulatorand20mmfor
the210kNinsulator.
5.7.3
Insulatorrecommendations
For the purpose of this project composite insulators will be. Composite insulators at a specific
creepageof31mm/kVmustbeusedonthefirst15kmoftheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2to
mitigateforthehighlevelsofpollutioninthisarea.Fortheremainingsectionofthelinecomposite
insulatorsatacreepageof25mm/kVwillbeused.
Thetablebelowprovideasummaryofthekeyinsulatorparameters:
Table516:KeyInsulatorparameters
Parameter
Suspensiontypeinsulator
Material
Straintypeinsulator
HTVSiliconerubber
Sheds
Alternatingsheds
SpecificCreepage
31mm/kV(HighPollutionZone)
25mm/kV(MediumPollutionZone)
TotalCreepage
Distance
13020mm(HighPollutionZone)
10500mm(MediumPollutionZone)
Strength
ArcingDistance
120kN(IVIconfig.)
210kN(horizontalparallelconfig.)
3200mm(betweengradingrings)
3200mm(betweengradingrings)
3600mm
3700mm
16mmballandsocket
20mmballandsocket
Connectinglength
EndFitting
BIL(@1500maltitude)
1425kV
SIL(@1500maltitude)
1050kV
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5.8
Hardware
5.8.1
General
Ingeneral,assembliesmustcomplywiththeCodeofPracticeforoverheadpowerlinesforconductors
prevailinginSouthAfrica,SANS102801:2013.Thishasspecificbearingtothestrengthfactorstobe
utilisedaslistedinTable1oftheaforementionedSANSdocument.Inadditiontothesemandatory
strengthfactors,additionalstrengthfactorsmustbeappliedasperTable2oftheSANSdocumentto
coordinate the strength between various components, to facilitate a more predictable failure
sequenceandtominimisereconstructionrequirements.
TheContractoristoensurethatfittingsmustbecompatiblewiththetowerattachmentarrangement
andmustensurethatstatutoryclearancerequirementsaresafelyadheredto.
ItisastatedrequirementofBPCthatfittingsfacilitatinghotlineworking/maintenancemustbeused,
withapreferenceforthesocalleddoggyboneorhotlinefittings.
Allbolts,nutsandcotterpinsshallbelockedinordertopreventlooseningbyvibrations.
5.8.2
Material
Fortheapprovalofmaterial,thestrength,ductilityandfracturetoughnessareconsidered.Materials
thatofferthebestresistanceagainstcorrosionundertheexpectedoperatingconditionsshouldbe
used.Allmaterialshouldconformtotherelevantspecifications.
All parts and components shall be made of good commercial grade malleable cast iron, steel or
aluminiumalloy.
5.8.3
StrainAssembly
Thestrainassemblyshouldhaveastrengthvalueofatleastthebreakingstrengthoftheconductor
andgroundwire.Forthe3xTernACSRthismeansthatstrainhardwareonindividualwiresmusthave
astrengthratingof120kN,whilstthewholeassemblyshouldberatedataminimumof300kN.
Sagadjustorsmustbeprovidedforeachconductorinthebundle,toensurethatadjustmentscanbe
madeindependentlynotethatturnbuckleswillnotbeacceptableforthispurpose.
Phasetophaseandphasetogroundclearancesmustbemaintainedasspecified.
Rigidtriangularspacersmustbesuppliedforthejumperstomaintainthe450mmbundlespacing.
HotLineFittingsoneithersideoftheinsulator
Figure516:400kVStrainAssemblyforTripleTernACSR
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5.8.4
SuspensionAssembly
Allsuspensionclampsubassembliesmustbefreeswinging,andmusthavearticulationasrequired
fromrelevantspecifications.
5.8.4.1
SingleAttachedSuspensionAssembly
HotLineFittingsoneithersideoftheinsulator
Thesuspensionassemblyingeneralconsistsofsuspensionclampsubassemblies,suspensionyokes,
socketclevis,balleyelinkandshackle.
Provisionshallbemadetoenablelivelinemaintenanceofassemblies.
Figure517:400kVIStringSuspensionAssembly
5.8.4.2
VSuspensionAssembly
The suspension assembly consists of suspension clamp subassemblies, suspension yokes, socket
clevises,balleyelinks,extensionstrapsandshackles.
Provisionshallbemadetoenablelivelinemaintenanceofassemblies.
ThecentreofgravityofthebundlemustbeatorbelowtheapexoftheinsulatorVstring.
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Figure518:400kVVStringSuspensionAssembly
5.8.5
MechanicalOscillationProtection
Vibrationdampingdevicesmustbeinstalledonconductorsinordertominimisetheoscillationsand
therebyincreasethelifespanofthiscriticalcomponentofthetransmissionline.Thisrequirementis
alsoenforcedbylimitingconductortensionsbasedontherecommendationsinSection5.10.1.2.
5.8.5.1
Phaseconductor
Forthebundledconductorstandardspacerdamperswillbeused.
Thefunctionsofthesedampersaretomaintainuniformspacingofthesubconductors(toensure
consistentelectricalcharacteristics)of450mminatripleconfiguration;tominimiseAeolianandwake
inducedvibrationsandtopreventthesubconductorsfromentanglingduetofaultcurrents.Galloping
isofnoconcernwiththeweatherconditionsinBotswanaandwillnotbedesignedfor.
Spacerdampersarestaggeredonabundlewiththemaximumsubspanlengthofapproximately55m.
Forthisline,withanaveragespanlengthofapproximately410m,approximately7spacerdampers
willbeusedperspanonthe3xTernACSRconductorbundle.Spacingpatternsshouldbebasedon
conductor tensions and actual span lengths, as per manufacturers instructions. This should be
confirmedbythesupplieronplacementoftheorder.
NOTE:
Thedamperassemblyweightmustbetakenintoaccountwhenprofilingthelinetoensureaccurate
tensionsaredetermined.ThiscanbeachievedbyeditingthecableweightofthePLSCADD*.WIR
filesforthe3xTernACSRbundle.
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Figure519:Examplesoftriplebundlespacerdampers
5.8.5.2
Groundwire
Multifrequencyvibrationdamperswillbeusedonthegroundwires.
Figure 520 below shows a typical Stockbridge type damper. Different types of multifrequency
dampers are available to be used on overhead lines e.g. symmetrical Stockbridge dampers,
asymmetricalStockbridgedampers,Dogbonedampersetc.
Stockbridgedampersareusuallydesignedsothattheirenergyabsorptioncharacteristicscorrespond
tothefrequencyrangeofAeolianvibrationexperiencedbytheparticularconductorsizeandforthe
specifiedconductortension.
Itisrecommendedthattheconnectionbetweenthevibrationdamperandthegroundwirebeofa
nonboltedconfiguration(i.e.makinguseofpreformedhelicalrods)forboththeOPGWandthePetrel
ACSRtopreventfrettingoftheAluminiumouterstrands.Theconnectionbetweenthedamperand
theGSWcanbemadeofaboltedconnectionasindicatedinFigure520.
Choosingthecorrectsize
The conductor diameter and mass will determine the size and weight of vibration damper that is
required.MultifrequencyStockbridgedampersshallbeappliedtoearthwiresconductors.
ForGSW19/2.7groundwire=13.5mm,thesizerangeshouldbe12.5mm15mm
ForPetrelACSRgroundwire=11.71mm,thesizerangeshouldbe11.1mm11.76mm
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Figure520:StockbridgeDamper
PositionofVibrationDampersontheConductors
Theidealplacementofvibrationdampersisimportanttoensurethatthedevicedampenstherequired
frequency range. The Loop length for each type of ground wire was determined for the selected
conductortensionsandusingawindspeed=7m/s.Usingthislooplengththerecommendedposition
of the dampers for each ground wire size is determined. The position is to be measured from the
centreofsuspensionclampsandtheendofstrainclamps.Asuggestedplacementschemeisproposed
below, however, the Contractor shall base the final placement on the recommendations and
calculationsofthesupplier.
Table517:NumberandPlacingofDampersonaSpan:C=2100m
Span
(m)
NOofdampers
Arrangementof
perspan dampersperconductor
perconductor
Damperplacement
GSW
19/2.7
Petrel
ACSR
Location
0369
1damperateachend
520mm 450mm
Fromends
369550
2dampersateachend
450mm 390mm
From1stdamper
551730
3dampersateachend
670mm 580mm
From2nddamper
NOTE:
TheSizeandplacementofOPGWvibrationdampershasnotbeenprovided.Thesevaluesmustbe
confirmedfromthecablesupplierandapprovedbytheEngineerbeforeinstallation.
5.8.6
StayAssembly
Allfourstayassembliesonthe515Btowermustbeadjustabletoaccountforvariationsintension
overthetowerslifespanandtoensuretheverticalityofthestructure.ItissuggestedthataUbolt
arrangementbeutilisedtoprovidetheadjustability.
ConnectionbetweenthestaywireandtheUboltcaneitherbecompressionfittingsorwedgetype
helicalconnections.
Noadjustabilityisrequiredatthetopofthestaywireassembly.
ThestrengthratingofallcomponentsmustmatchtheUTSratingofthestaywireutilised,whichmust
includeandStrengthfactorsasperSANS102801:2013.
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Figure521:ConceptualUboltassemblyforGuyedVeetowers
5.8.7
TowerLabels
Requiredlabelsonalltowersarelistedbelow.Thelabelsbelowmustappearonthetwotransversal
facesofthetowerondiagonallyoppositelegs,i.e.therearetwoofeachlabeltypelistedbelowper
tower.ThelabelsmusthaveawhitebackgroundasperBotswanastandards.Figure522illustrates
therequiredlabels.
TowerLabel:
o LineVoltage
o LineDesignation(i.e.MORBISANG2)
o TowerNumber
DangerLabel:
o BOTSWANAPOWERCORPORATION
o Dangerwarning
VerbalinEnglishandSetswana
Graphic
PhaseDiscs:
o Circularcoloureddiscsindicatingthephaselocationsonthetower
o PhasecoloursareeitherRed,WhiteandBlue
Figure522:TowerLabels
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Everytenthtoweronthelinemusthavethetowernumberattachedonthebridgeofthetowerto
facilitate maintenance by ground and aerial means. There must also be one label on both of the
transversefacesofthetower.Thelabelshouldbe750mmx300mm.
Figure523:Towernumberonevery10thtower
5.8.8
Servitudegates
Atpointswherethelinecrossesanyfenceinwhichthereisnosuitablegatewithintheextentofthe
lineservitude,theContractoristo,ontheBPCSiteRepresentativesinstruction,provideandinstalla
servitudegateasdetailedintherelevantdrawing. Wheregatesarerequired within theservitude,
these are to be installed on the centre line to facilitate stringing. The Contractor will mark these
crossingpointswhenthetowerpositionsarebeingpegged.
Theprincipalsforservitudegatesare:
Doubleleafunitsofsuitablewidthtoaccommodateconstructionvehiclesaswellasnormal
operations&maintenancevehicles,trucks,etc.
Theheightofthefenceistobegovernedbythatoftheapplicablefencewherethegateisto
beinstalled,e.g.farmfence,gamefence,etc.
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Figure524:Proposedservitudegate
5.9
Earthing
In an attempt to reduce the number of back flashover events along the line it is essential that all
structuresmustbepermanentlyandeffectivelyearthed.AccordingtoSouthAfricanpracticefora
voltagelevelof400kV,therequiredtowerfootingresistancemustbelessthan40.Itisproposed
hereinthatthisvaluebeadoptedfortheselines.
5.9.1
Towerfeettorebarconnection
The earthing connection at any particular tower must consist of an internal earthing connection
betweenthetowersteelwork(eitherthestubangle,oranchorlink,etc.)andthereinforcingsteelin
theconcretefoundationbelownormalgroundlevel,i.e.inthepadorbellofthefoundation.These
connections must be effected at each foundation point, i.e. four connections at a selfsupporting
tower and six connections at a guyedvee tower (both masts and each of the four guy anchors
connected).
Thisconnectionmustbemadewithatleast19/2.7GSW.Onthesidetobeconnectedtothetower
stubthereshallbeacrimpedlugwithanM16boltconnection.TheconnectionbetweentheGSWand
thereinforcingsteelshallbemadewithatleast2Crosbyclampsoramethodapprovedinwritingby
theEngineer.
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Stub
Earthconductor:
Crimpedandboltedtotowersteelwork
Cleat
CrosbyClamps
Figure525:Schematicconnectionbetweentowersteelandreinforcingbars
5.9.2
Terminaltowertosubstationearthmatconnection
Itispreferablethattheterminaltowershouldbeconnectedtothesubstationearthmat.However,if
thisisnotpossiblethenthemaximumtowerfootingresistancemustbe10.
Thetwolegsoftheterminaltowernearesttothesubstationshallbebondedtothemainsubstation
earthmatandshallbeattachedattwodifferentpointsontheearthmat.
Themaximumtowerfootingresistanceforthesecond,thirdandfourthtowersleavingasubstation
mustbelessthan20.
Figure526:Terminaltowerbondedtosubstationearthmat
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5.9.3
Additionalearthingcounterpoise
Ifthefootingresistanceataparticulartowerishigherthanthestatedlevelsaboveadditionalearthing,
namely semicounterpoise or socalled crowsfoot earthing, will be needed. Conversations held
withLociEnvironmental(Pty)Ltd(theenvironmentalcontrolofficersontheMorupuleBIsang400
kVLine1construction)indicatedthattherewasanapproximately40kmstretchofthelinefromthe
CapricornboundarytotheMahalapyeRivercrossingonwhichveryhighsoilresistivitylevelswere
encountered.Thistriggeredtheneedforextensiveadditionalearthingsystemsincludingthedrilling
ofdeepearthingelectrodesandbackfillingwithconductivecementtoachievetherequiredfooting
resistancelevels.Anydesignsforadditionalearthingarrangementsandsoilresistivitymeasurements
willneed to beapproved byBPCand theengineer beforeimplementationandmustbeprovento
reducethefootingresistancetoacceptablelevels.Dueattentionwillbepaidtothesoilresistivity
levelsandtheearthingsysteminthedetaileddesignoftheline.
Allanchorlinksandcounterpoiseshallbepaintedwithtwocoatsofbitumasticpaintforadistanceof
450mmabovegroundand500mmbelowground.
5.9.4
Insulatedgroundwires.
Earthconductorinsulatorsshallbe120kNunits.Whereearthconductorinsulatorsarefittedwithan
adjustablesparkgap,thearcinggapshallbesetto8mminmostcases.Insulatorsshallbeinstalledin
thefollowingcircumstances:
5.10
Wheneverthelineroutepasseswithin800mofelectrifiedrailwaytracksormetallicpipelines
alltowersinthatvicinitymusthavethegroundwireinsulatedfromthetowersteelwork.
Ifanyoforallofthesecond,third,fourthandfifthtowersfromthesubstationhavefooting
resistanceslessthan10(inthiscaseifanyofthesetowersarestraintowersthenearth
conductorjumperleadsshallbefitted).
Towers
BPChassuccessfullysecuredtherightsfromEskomtoutilisethe515Seriesofstructuresfortheir
current400kVexpansionprogramme.Thepredominanttowertobeusedovertheroutewillbethe
Guyedvee structure, the 515 B, as it is the most cost effective tower in the series. This tower is
illustratedinFigure527.
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Figure527:515BGuyedveesuspensionstructure
5.10.1
DesignCriteria
Thisseriesofstructureswasdesignedin1984andthusthedesignbasisatthetimewastheolderMOS
ActderivedloadingforaQuadWolfACSRconfiguration.Wind,weightandupliftspanshavebeen
conceptuallyrecalculatedbyworkingbackfromtheactualtestloadsforwhichthestructurewas
designed,tofindthenewspancapacityusingtheSANS102801:2013loadingcriteria.Inthiswaythe
structures are utilised to their maximum capacity whilst still complying with the latest design
standardsandreliabilitylevels.Insomeisolatedcasesthesewindspanscanbeinexcessofwhatthe
structurecanpracticallysupportbeforegroundclearancebecomescritical,andmaximumspansare
thendeterminedbythemaximumattachmentheightastructureiscapableof.
However,theContractormusttakecognisanceofthefactthatBotswanaElectricityAct(VOLUME:XVI
CHAPTER:73:01ELECTRICITYSUPPLY:SUBSIDIARYLEGISLATIONELECTRICITYSUPPLYREGULATIONS
PART IV: Overhead Lines regs 1120) has specific requirements for loading of structures within
Botswana.ThustheContractorisrequired,legally,toensurethatthewindandweightspansproposed
complywiththissetofrequirementstoo.
Load trees for the test loads can be provided to the Contractors on request in order to allow
verificationofthecalculatedwindandweightspansbelow.Iceloadingisnottobeconsideredasa
structuralloadonthisline,sincethelikelihoodofsnowfall/iceformationinthisareaisverylimited.
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5.10.1.1 WindPressure
In determining the required wind pressure acting on the supports and on the conductors, the
ContractormustutilisethedetailedmethodfromSANS102801:2013whichisbasedontheIEC60826
methodology.
ThereliabilitylevelofthelineshouldbetakenasReliabilityLevel2sincethislinewillbeinparallelto
theexisting1x400kVand2x220kVlinesbetweenMorupuleandIsangsubstation.Ifaradialfeed
wasunderdevelopmentthenitwouldmakemoresensetoemployReliabilityLevel3.
ReliabilityLevel2representsareturnperiodof150years,andtheappropriateloadfactorstobeused
fortheWindforcesare:
Loadfactorforwindspeed
=1.1
Loadfactorforwindpressure =1.21
Thesefactorsbasicallywillresultinareferencewindpressure(10minuteaverageata10mheight
aboveground)of623.8Pawhichorawindspeedof31.9m/s.
Thiswindpressuremustbeutilisedinconfirmingthetowerwindandweightspanlimitsaswellas
beingusedinthePLSCADDprofilingoftheline.
ThewindpressuresfromtheBEAstatea760Pawindactingon0,6oftheprojectedconductorarea
perpendiculartothelinedirection,withasafetyfactorof2,5ontheelasticlimitofsteelmembers.
Thisconditionmustalsobecheckedandmightinfactbethedominantcriteriawhenconsideringthe
verticalloadsonthetowerstructure.
5.10.1.2 ConductorTensions
The conductor tensions are to be derived by the requirements of SANS 102801: 2013 and are
primarilylimitedbasedonAeolianvibrationaswellasultimateclimaticloadingrequirements,these
arelistedbelowinTable518.
Table518:Conductortensionlimits
ConductorCondition
Phaseconductor
Groundwire
Aftercreepconditionat5C
Climit:2450m
Climit:2750m
AftercreepatEDT
Climit:1900m
Climit:2000m
UltimateWindLoad
70%ofUTS
5.10.2
ProfilingDetails
ThecalculationsperformedcomparingtheSANS102801:2013detaileddesigncriteriaandtheBEA
requirementstotheactualtestloadsofthetowertypesindicatesthatthefollowingprofilingdetails
canbeachieved.
Intermsofotherprofilingdetailsthelinemustbetemplatedatamaximumoperatingtemperatureof
60C.
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Insulator swing must be checked based on accurate insulator and hardware assembly details
(assemblylength,weightandwindarea)andthefollowingweatherconditions:
Stillair
MinimumSwing=120Pa
MaximumSwing=575Pa
Table519:Towerprofilingdata
Tower
Description
Type
Deviation
Angle
Wind
Span(m)
Weight
Span(m)
Uplift
Span(m)
515H
Selfsupportingheavysuspension
tower
510SANS
435BEA
515A
Selfsupportingsuspensiontower
430SANS
305BEA
515B
GuyedVeesuspensiontower
430SANS
305BEA
515C
Anglestraintower
015
500SANS
520BEA
85
515D
Anglestraintower
1535
500SANS
520BEA
85
Anglestraintower
3560
500SANS
520BEA
85
TerminalTower
375SANS
900
Selfsupportingsuspension
transpositiontower
430SANS
305BEA
515E
515G
NOTE:
SANSdominatedbySANScriteria
BEAdominatedbyBEAcriteria
5.10.3
Transposition
Duetothelengthofthelinebeinggreaterthan100kmitwillbenecessarytotransposethephase
conductorsenroutetominimisethevoltageunbalance.TheexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine
1 has a phase transposition at 1/3 points along the line, and the same approach in terms of the
transpositionlocationwillbeemployedontheproposedLine2.Ontheexistingline,thetransposition
is effected by using an inline hardware and jumper configuration to swap the phase position as
indicatedinFigure528below.
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Figure528:PhaseconductortranspositiononexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine1
ItissuggestedthatontheproposedLine2projectthatthephasetranspositionbeeffectedbymaking
useofthe515Gstructures(adeltaconfigurationsuspensiontower)whichcanallowforthephase
positional swap without the need for complicated hardware that is difficult to maintain and can
increase the line losses due to corona discharge. This technique is widely used by Eskom and is
illustratedbelowinFigure529.
Figure529:Phasetranspositioneffectedwith515Gsuspensiontowers
5.10.4
LivestockProofing
Inviewoftheextensivesubsistencelivestockfarmingintheregionandbasedontheimportanceof
thislivestocktothelocalcommunitiesontherouteitisproposedthattheContractormustverifyand
confirmiftowerlegdetailsmustbeequippedwithcattleguarding.
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5.10.5
AntiTheftmeasuresontowersteel
Antitheft type connections will be used on all tower members within 5m from ground level, and
within15kmfrominformalsettlementsandtownshipsasperinstructionfromBPC.
Figure530:Antithefttypebolts
5.10.6
Anticlimbingdevices
Anticlimbingdevicesmustbeinstalledoneverytowerapproximately3mabovegroundlevel.
The515Seriesoftowershasbeendesignedwithabarbedwireanticlimbingdevice,howeverthelegs
canbemodifiedtoaccommodateapalisadetypeanticlimbingdeviceatBPCrequest.
Abovetheanticlimbingdevicestepboltsshallbeprovidedononelegofeachtower,fromtheanti
climbing device right up to the earthpeak level. These bolts must be at a uniform spacing of
approximately350mm.
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Figure531:Barbedwiretypeanticlimbingdevices
5.10.7
FallArrestSystem
ItispossiblethatBPCwillrequestthataguidetypefallarrestsystemonarigidanchorageline,in
accordancewithrequirementsofStandardEN3531:2002willbesuppliedandinstalledbyasupplier
appointedbytheContractor.
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5.11
Foundations
5.11.1
FoundationCriteria
Foundation systems are designed to satisfy all the design and construction criteria of the Eskom
SpecificationTRMSCAAC1Rev.5requirements,andallrelevantcodesandstandardsaslistedinthe
specifications. This entails all the following criteria: foundation systems, design parameters, soil
classificationsandspecificationrequirements.
The foundation systems will be designed for a range of soil and rock classifications to satisfy the
followingrequirements:
Tosafelytransfertheappliedloadscontinuouslyfromthestructuretothefoundingmaterial
(soil or rock), while not overstressing structural capacity in the surrounding subgrade
(bearingsubsoilorrock)
Tolimitsettlementsanddisplacementswithinthelimitsofthestructurestolerances
To withstand loading imposed by the supported superstructure, as well as the founding
material
Tocontinuetofunctionforatleastthedesignlifeoftheline
5.11.2
FoundationSystems
TAPwillissueaseriesofconceptualconventionalfoundationdesignsforthe515Seriesofstructures
with the tender for equitable price comparison of the relative construction rates between various
Contractors.
Table520:Conventionalfoundationdesignsystems
Towertype
Foundationtype
Applicablesoiltype
Selfsupporting
Spreadertype,PadandColumnfoundations
SoilType14,&SoftRock
RockAnchors
HardRock
Guyed
Spreadertype,PadandPlinthmastfoundations Allsoiltypes
DeadmanAnchors
SoilType14,&SoftRock
RockAnchors
HardRock
Contractors must price on the conventional foundation designs, but are very welcome to submit
Alternative Proposals highlighting any costsaving to BPC if other technologies and systems are
employed,suchaspilingandmicropilingforuseincertainsoilconditions.
TheContractorsmustperformadetaileddesignofthefoundationsystemsforalltowertypesandsoil
conditionsduringthedesignperiodofthecontract.
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Table521:Alternativepiledfoundationsystems
Towertype
Foundationtype
Applicablesoiltype
Selfsupporting
Multiplepilesandcap
SoilsType1,2&SoftRock
Rockanchorsystemsconsistingofanchorsand
aconnectingcap
HardandSoftrock
Specialisedpilesystems
Collapsing/waterlogged
soil
InclinedAnchorpiles,orverticalmultiplepile
systems
SoilsType1,2&SoftRock
Guyed
5.11.3
Foundationstrengthfactors
When considering the severe impact of foundation failure, the general objective is to ensure that
foundationsaredesignedtobethelastcomponenttofailinapowerline.
Additionalstrengthfactorsareincorporatedforthenewdesignsallowingforincreasedeverydayloads
and performance inconsistencies. The longterm performance is affected by: creep and variations
withinthesoilorrock,andinconsistenciesinthevariousconstructionmaterialsused,associatedwith
constructiondifficulties,soilerosion,chemicallyaggressivefoundingmaterial,humanerror,etc.
Toensurethereliabilityofthelineaswellasapredictablefailuresequenceintheunlikelyeventofa
linesupportstructurefailure,additionalstrengthfactors,asperSANS102801:2013Table2,shallbe
appliedtothestrengthofthefoundationsasfollows:
SelfsupportingTowerFoundations:
Guyanchors:
Inclinedpilesinguyedstructures:
Centralmastfoundations:
0.83
0.75
0.7
0.9
5.11.4
FoundationLoads
Thefoundationloadsextractedfromtheoutlinedrawingsaspertheoriginaldesignandtestloadsare
listedinthefollowingtables.
Table522:Foundationloadsfor515BGuyedVeetower
UnfactoredLoads
[kN]
Tower Description
CentreMast
Compression Transverse
515B
GuyedveeSuspension
648
102
Longitudinal
GuyTension
TrueGuy
Slope
(withVertical)
317
53.3
10
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Table523:Foundationloadsfor515selfsupportingtowers
Tower
UnfactoredLoads
[kN]
Description
Uplift
Compression Transverse
TrueLeg
Angle
(withVertical)
Longitudinal
515A
LightSuspension
382
550
88
83
11.583
515H
HeavySuspension
438
530
21
14
11.583
515G
Transposition
Suspension
403
502
109
86
11.542
515C
AngleStrain:015
515
737
166
154
16.868
515D
AngleStrain:1535
642
743
186
184
18.1
515E
AngleStrain:3560
Terminal
766
976
284
231
20.13
5.11.5
SoilClassification
Apreliminarygeotechnicalinvestigationwillbeperformedbeforetheprojectgoesoutontenderin
orderforahighleveloverviewoftherelativespreadofsoilconditions,inanattempttoensurethat
tenderpricesarereasonablyclosetothefinalinstalledcost.
However, it is also important that a soil investigation (soil type nomination) is performed during
construction,atwhichpointtheprevailingsoilorrocktypeclassificationisdetermined,andasuitable
foundationsystemisselectedforeachandeverypylonpositionontheroute.
Theseinvestigationsallowforthedesignoffoundationstobemorepreciseforthetypeofsoil/rock
encountered,ratherthanadoptingaconservativedesignapproachforfoundations.
Incontrasttopastpractice,soilnominationswillbeperformedbysuitablyqualifiedprofessionals,as
appointedbytheContractor.Thischangeinpracticeisinkeepingwithinternationalpractice,andwill
greatlyreducetheriskoffoundationfailureduetoinappropriatefoundationselection,whichisone
themostcommoncausesoffoundationfailure.
A typical geotechnical investigation to determine the soil classification will involve observation of
surfaceandsubsurfacedrainagepatterns,atrialpitexcavation,manualinspectionofthesidewalls
usingageologistshammer,insitutestswithashearvaneandahandpenetrometer,andloggingof
soilconsistencydowntheexcavationsides.
Inselectedcases,orspecialiseddesigns,morethoroughgeotechnicalinvestigationsmustbecarried
outinaccordancewithaccepted,geotechnicalengineeringpracticesincludingtheimplementationof
aDeepProbeSuperHeavy(DPSH)testwillbeperformedtodeterminethecollapsepotentialofthe
soil.
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Foundations will be designed for soil classifications as defined by (TRMSCAAC1 Rev 5) and are as
follows:
5.11.5.1 SoilTypes
Type1Hard,engineeringorstrong,granularsoil
Type2Lesscompetentsoil,stiffclayordensesand
Type3Incompetentsoili.e.loosesandorsoftclay
Type4Saturatedorsubmergedsoftgroundbelowtheseasonalwatertable
5.11.5.2 RockTypes
Hardrocksolidcontinuousmoderatelyfractured
Softrockveryfractured,weatheredordecomposedrock
5.11.5.3 Specialconditionsanddesigns
IftheEIAandthepreliminarygeotechnicalinvestigationrevealanyseveregeotechnicalfindingsor
extremeconditionsapplicabletothelineconstruction,thesemustbeintegratedbytheContractor
intothefinaldesignreport.However,atthisstagethebestinformationavailabledoesnotindicate
severeorextremeconditions.
Difficultgeotechnicalconditions:
a) Type4soilswhichhaveshallowwatertablesorseasonalfloodedareas.
b) Shallowandoutcroppingbouldersspacedapart
c) Landorrockslideproneareasorunstableslopes
d) Sinkholesareas,minedareasorseismicallyactiveareas.
Extremeconstructionalconditions:
a) Topographyextremessuchaselevationvariationsi.e.steepslopes,cliffs,valleysanddongas.
b) Difficultaccessareasandsurfaces:Forests,Floodplains,erodiblesoils,loosesandsandsoft
andwetclaytypesoils.
If the geotechnical findings reveal any other severe or extreme conditions applicable to the
constructionofthefoundations,specialdesignsmayberequired.(Thismaybenecessaryininstances
whereforexampletheintegrityoffoundationinstallationscouldbethreatenedbyrapidlyflowing
waterandtheresultanteffectsthereof,suchasunderminingand/orincreasedlateralloads.These
towerpositionswillbeidentifiedduringthegeotechnicalinvestigation.)
5.11.6
Proofloadtesting
InkeepingwithincreasedqualityassurancemeasuresintroducedinSouthAfrica,proofloadingofguy
anchorfoundationshasbeenintroduced(refertoTRMSCAAC1Rev5).Aminimumof5%ofinstalled
anchors(whetherDeadmanorpiled)willbeprooftestedtoavalueof70%ofthefactoreddesignload.
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5.12
ConceptualHardwareDrawings
Figure532:ConceptualIStringAssembly
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Figure533:ConceptualVStringAssembly
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Figure534:ConceptualStrainHardwareAssembly
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DeclarationandDeviationSchedule
Thebidderherebydeclaresthathehasfamiliarisedhimselfwiththecontentsofthisdocumentand
alltherequirementsspecifiedwithinthisdocumentandotherrelevantspecifications.
______________________________________
BiddersAuthorizedtechnicalrepresentative
______________________________________
BidderRepresented
______________________________________
Date
ThefollowingtableisincludedforthebiddertooutlineanyConceptualDesignDeviations.Ifthebidder
disagreeswithaparticularaspectofthedesignsolution,pleaseelaborateonthisinthemethodology
statementsincludedwiththebid.
Shouldthebiddernotincludeanydeviation,itwillbeassumedthattheyareinfullcompliancetothis
conceptualdesign.
Table61:ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirementsDeviationSchedule
SubDiscipline
ScopeDeviation
EngineeringDeviation
Substations
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Secondary
Systems
Powerlines
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