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Project 9429-14 EPC services for the proposed Morupule B

to Isang 400 kV line construction and associated


transmission works
Conceptual Design and Integration Requirements
TransAfricaProjects(Pty)Ltd

Author(s): TransAfricaProjects

DocumentNumber:P1887373806138030905034001

Revision:1

Project942914EPCservicesfortheproposedMorupuleBtoIsang400kVlineconstructionand
associatedtransmissionworks
ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirements
TransAfricaProjects(Pty)Ltd

RevisionControl:
Revision

Date

Comment

19August2016

MorupuleAand220kVIntertieLineremovedfromScope.

08April2016

Documentissued.

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ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirements
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TableofContents
1

Executivesummary...............................................................................................................14

Overview...............................................................................................................................17

2.1
IntegrationInformation........................................................................................................17
2.1.1
EnvironmentalConditions.............................................................................................17
2.2
MethodStatements..............................................................................................................17
3 ConceptualDesign:SubstationPrimaryPlant........................................................................18
3.1
MorupuleB400/220kVSubstation......................................................................................18
3.1.1
SubstationScopeOverview..........................................................................................18
3.1.2
ExistingStationElectricDiagram..................................................................................21
3.1.3
ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork..............................22
3.1.4
ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork.......................................................23
3.1.5
PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign......................................................................24
3.2
Isang400/220kVSubstation................................................................................................34
3.2.1
SubstationScopeOverview..........................................................................................34
3.2.2
ExistingStationElectricDiagram..................................................................................37
3.2.3
ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork(optionA).............38
3.2.4
ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork(OptionA).....................................39
3.2.5
PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign......................................................................40
4 ConceptualDesign:SecondarySystems.................................................................................44
4.1
Overview...............................................................................................................................44
4.2
SecondarySystemsIntegration.............................................................................................44
4.2.1
ProtectionSettingsandCoordination.........................................................................44
4.2.2
ControlSystemSignalLists...........................................................................................44
4.2.3
ProductsupportinSouthernAfrica..............................................................................44
4.2.4
QualityPlan...................................................................................................................44
4.2.5
FactoryAcceptanceTesting..........................................................................................45
4.2.6
SiteAcceptanceTesting................................................................................................46
4.3
ProtectionandControlPhilosophy.......................................................................................48
4.3.1
Overallphilosophyanddesignguidelines.....................................................................48
4.3.2
ProductVendorConstraints..........................................................................................48
4.3.3
400kVFeederProtection.............................................................................................49
4.3.4
400kVBusbar/LineReactorProtection........................................................................49
4.4
ScopeofSecondaryPlantIsang400/220kVSubstation....................................................49
4.4.1
Background...................................................................................................................49
4.4.2
IsangScopeofnewworks.............................................................................................50
4.4.3
IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederProtectionScheme..........................................50
4.4.4
IsangMorupuleBNo.1LineReactorProtectionScheme.........................................55
4.4.5
IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme.........................................60
4.4.6
IsangMorupuleBNo.2Busbar/LineReactorProtectionScheme............................65
4.4.7
Isang400kVBusbarProtectionScheme....................................................................69
4.4.8
IsangTravelingwavefaultlocator..............................................................................72
4.4.9
IsangSubstationAutomationNetworkCommunications..........................................72

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4.4.10 IsangIEC61850Requirements...................................................................................74
4.4.11 IsangOtherSecondarySystems.................................................................................75
4.4.12 IsangTelecommunications.........................................................................................77
4.4.13 IsangConceptualControlRoomLayout.....................................................................80
4.5
ScopeofSecondaryPlantMorupuleBPowerStation400kVHVYard.............................81
4.5.1
Background...................................................................................................................81
4.5.2
ApplicableSpecifications..............................................................................................81
4.5.3
ScopeofproposedadditionsatMorupuleB................................................................82
4.5.4
Scopeofproposednewworks......................................................................................94
5 ConceptualDesign:Powerlines............................................................................................111
5.1
General................................................................................................................................111
5.2
ServitudeandEnvironmentalConsiderations....................................................................111
5.2.1
RouteAlignmentOverview.........................................................................................111
5.2.2
VegetationandLandscapeDescription......................................................................112
5.2.3
Servitudebushclearing...............................................................................................114
5.2.4
Climate........................................................................................................................114
5.2.5
BirdProtection............................................................................................................115
5.2.6
AviationProtection.....................................................................................................117
5.2.7
BendPointsandCrossings..........................................................................................118
5.2.8
Substationexit............................................................................................................120
5.3
ClearanceRequirements.....................................................................................................122
5.4
ConductorSelection............................................................................................................122
5.5
EnvironmentaleffectsofCorona,ElectricandMagneticFields.........................................123
5.5.1
Introduction................................................................................................................123
5.5.2
Coronaasfieldeffect..................................................................................................124
5.5.3
PowerfrequencyElectricandMagneticFields(EMF)asfieldeffect..........................125
5.5.4
SimulationofCoronaandNoiseParameters..............................................................127
5.5.5
Impactofthetoweronfieldeffects...........................................................................128
5.5.6
RadioInterference(RI)................................................................................................128
5.5.7
Fieldeffectsconclusions.............................................................................................129
5.6
GroundWireSelection........................................................................................................130
5.6.1
Findings.......................................................................................................................130
5.6.2
Recommendations......................................................................................................133
5.7
Insulators.............................................................................................................................135
5.7.1
TowerTypes................................................................................................................135
5.7.2
InsulatorSelection......................................................................................................135
5.7.3
Insulatorrecommendations........................................................................................137
5.8
Hardware............................................................................................................................138
5.8.1
General........................................................................................................................138
5.8.2
Material.......................................................................................................................138
5.8.3
StrainAssembly...........................................................................................................138
5.8.4
SuspensionAssembly..................................................................................................139
5.8.5
MechanicalOscillationProtection..............................................................................140
5.8.6
StayAssembly.............................................................................................................142
5.8.7
TowerLabels...............................................................................................................143
5.8.8
Servitudegates............................................................................................................144

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5.9
Earthing...............................................................................................................................145
5.9.1
Towerfeettorebarconnection.................................................................................145
5.9.2
Terminaltowertosubstationearthmatconnection.................................................146
5.9.3
Additionalearthingcounterpoise............................................................................147
5.9.4
Insulatedgroundwires...............................................................................................147
5.10 Towers.................................................................................................................................147
5.10.1 DesignCriteria.............................................................................................................148
5.10.2 ProfilingDetails...........................................................................................................149
5.10.3 Transposition...............................................................................................................150
5.10.4 LivestockProofing.......................................................................................................151
5.10.5 AntiTheftmeasuresontowersteel...........................................................................152
5.10.6 Anticlimbingdevices..................................................................................................152
5.10.7 FallArrestSystem.......................................................................................................153
5.11 Foundations........................................................................................................................154
5.11.1 FoundationCriteria.....................................................................................................154
5.11.2 FoundationSystems....................................................................................................154
5.11.3 Foundationstrengthfactors.......................................................................................155
5.11.4 FoundationLoads........................................................................................................155
5.11.5 SoilClassification.........................................................................................................156
5.11.6 Proofloadtesting........................................................................................................157
5.12 ConceptualHardwareDrawings.........................................................................................158
6 DeclarationandDeviationSchedule....................................................................................161

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TableofFigures
Figure31:TopographicalviewofunconfirmedGenerationplantexpansionpositionatMorupuleB
substation.............................................................................................................................................18
Figure32:ExistingStationElectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation......................................21
Figure33:ConceptualStationelectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation(ScopeofWorkonly)
..............................................................................................................................................................22
Figure34:ConceptualKeyPlanlayoutforMorupuleBSubstation(scopeofworkonly)...................23
Figure35:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusSection........................................................................24
Figure36:SectionofMorupuleB400kVGeneratorTransformerbay...............................................25
Figure37:SectionofMorupuleB400kVStationTransformerbay....................................................26
Figure38:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbay.................................................................27
Figure39:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusReactorbay.................................................................29
Figure310:SectionofMorupuleB400kVFeeder+LineReactorbay...............................................30
Figure311:SectionofMorupuleB400kVTransferCouplerbay.......................................................31
Figure312:SectionofMorupuleB400/220kVTransformerInterconnectorbay..............................32
Figure313:TopographicalviewofIsang400/220kVlayout...............................................................34
Figure314:ExistingStationElectricDiagramofIsang400/220kVSubstation...................................37
Figure315:ConceptualStationElectricDiagramIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWork
only)......................................................................................................................................................38
Figure316:ConceptualKeyPlanLayoutforIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWorkonly)
..............................................................................................................................................................39
Figure317:SectionofIsang400kVNo.2BusReactorbay................................................................40
Figure318:Sectionof400kVMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederbay......................................................42
Figure319:SectionofMorupuleBNo.1&2LineReactorbayOptionA.........................................43
Figure41:Generalviewofthe400kVequipmentpanels.................................................................50
Figure42:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel1).....................................................................................70
Figure43:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel2).....................................................................................71
Figure44:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel3).....................................................................................71
Figure45:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkExisting............................................................73
Figure46:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkProposed.........................................................74
Figure47:GooseDatasetContents.....................................................................................................75
Figure48:ABBRTU560,MeinbergGPSandRuggedcomSwitchatIsang...........................................76
Figure49:IsangsubstationHMIshowing400kVOverview................................................................77
Figure410:ISANG220MultiplexerPanel...........................................................................................78
Figure411:OPGWPatchPanelsinFIBREREGENEQUIPMENTPanel..............................................78
Figure412:ISANG400MultiplexerPanel...........................................................................................79
Figure413:Isangconceptualcontrolroomlayout..............................................................................80
Figure414:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelA)..........................................................................82

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Figure415:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelB)...........................................................................83
Figure416:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelC)...........................................................................83
Figure417:Controlroomspaceconstraints.......................................................................................85
Figure418:Tiledwallmimic................................................................................................................91
Figure419:Detailedviewoftiledwallmimic......................................................................................92
Figure420:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptualLayout......................................................93
Figure421:MultiplexerConceptualDesign......................................................................................109
Figure422:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptual..............................................................110
Figure51:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2ProposedRoute(GoogleEarth)............................112
Figure52:Excerptfromlineroutemapindicatingtheterrainobstacles(GoogleMaps).............113
Figure53:Typicalshrublevelvegetationalongthelineroute.........................................................114
Figure54:ClimatechartofMahalapye.............................................................................................115
Figure55:MahalapyeRivercrossing.................................................................................................116
Figure56:Birdguardsfittedona515BGuyedveestructure..........................................................116
Figure57:A14Roadcrossing(indicatingAerialWarningDevices)...................................................117
Figure58:HVLinesexitingMorupuleAandB..................................................................................120
Figure59:HVLinesexitingIsang.......................................................................................................121
Figure510:L50WetAudibleNoisePrediction(BPA)515BTower.................................................125
Figure511:ElectricFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower................................126
Figure512:MagneticFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower............................127
Figure513:RadioNoisePredictionat500kHz(BPA)515BTower.................................................129
Figure514:GraphdepictingfaultcurrentdistributionalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2
............................................................................................................................................................130
Figure515:SchematicofgroundwirelayoutforMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2.......................134
Figure516:400kVStrainAssemblyforTripleTernACSR.................................................................138
Figure517:400kVIStringSuspensionAssembly.............................................................................139
Figure518:400kVVStringSuspensionAssembly............................................................................140
Figure519:Examplesoftriplebundlespacerdampers....................................................................141
Figure520:StockbridgeDamper.......................................................................................................142
Figure521:ConceptualUboltassemblyforGuyedVeetowers.......................................................143
Figure522:TowerLabels...................................................................................................................143
Figure523:Towernumberonevery10thtower................................................................................144
Figure524:Proposedservitudegate.................................................................................................145
Figure525:Schematicconnectionbetweentowersteelandreinforcingbars.................................146
Figure526:Terminaltowerbondedtosubstationearthmat............................................................146
Figure527:515BGuyedveesuspensionstructure..........................................................................148
Figure528:PhaseconductortranspositiononexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine1..............151
Figure529:Phasetranspositioneffectedwith515Gsuspensiontowers........................................151

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Figure530:Antithefttypebolts.......................................................................................................152
Figure531:Barbedwiretypeanticlimbingdevices.........................................................................153
Figure532:ConceptualIStringAssembly.........................................................................................158
Figure533:ConceptualVStringAssembly........................................................................................159
Figure534:ConceptualStrainHardwareAssembly..........................................................................160

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TableofTables
Table11:SubstationswithinScope.....................................................................................................14
Table12:LineswithinScope................................................................................................................14
Table13:HighLevelScopeOverviewSubstationsPrimaryPlant.....................................................15
Table14:HighLevelScopeOverviewOverheadPowerlines............................................................15
Table15:HighLevelScopeOverviewSecondarySystems...............................................................16
Table31:ProposedBaysrequiredforMorupuleB400kVexpansion................................................19
Table32:MorupuleB400kVBusSectionbayconcept....................................................................24
Table33:MorupuleBGeneratorTransformer400kVbayconcept.................................................25
Table34:MorupuleBStationTransformer400kVbayconcept.....................................................26
Table35:MorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbayconcept..................................................................27
Table36:MorupuleB400kVSpareLineFeederbayconcept..........................................................28
Table37:MorupuleB400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept..............................................................29
Table38:MorupuleB400kVLineFeederwithReactorbayconcept..............................................30
Table39:MorupuleB400kVTransferBusCouplerbayconcept.....................................................31
Table310:MorupuleB400/220kVTransformerbayconcept.........................................................32
Table311:MorupuleB400kVBusbarconcept................................................................................33
Table312:Proposedadditional400kVbaysatIsangsubstation.......................................................36
Table313:Isang400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept.......................................................................40
Table314:Isang400kVBusbarReactorinterconnectingbypasstolinefeederbayconcept..........41
Table315:Isang400kVLineFeederbayconcept..............................................................................42
Table316:Isang400kVLineReactorbayconceptMorupuleBNo.1&2....................................43
Table41:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................52
Table42:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................53
Table43:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................56
Table44:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................58
Table45:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................62
Table46:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................63
Table47:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................67
Table48:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality..................................................................68
Table49:BayControlIEDfunctionality...............................................................................................86
Table410:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality................................................................88
Table51:Climaticdatafortheprojectarea......................................................................................115
Table52:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2:Bendpointcoordinates..............................................118
Table53:MajorcrossingsalongtheproposedMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2route.................119
Table54:TableofMinimumClearances(SANS102801:2013)........................................................122
Table55:Lineparametersforconductorandtowercombinations..................................................123

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Table56:Summaryofthedatausedasinputtothebundleselection.............................................124
Table57:ICNIRP2010ExposureGuidelinesfor50HzElectricandMagneticFields........................125
Table58:EskomLineDesignLimits...................................................................................................126
Table59:BPASimulationconditions.................................................................................................127
Table510:Faultlevelsat400kVBusbaratendsubstations............................................................130
Table511:DistributionoffaultcurrentalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2.......................131
Table512:Groundwireproperties...................................................................................................131
Table513:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandGSW19/2.7.............................................132
Table514:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandPetrelACSR.............................................133
Table515:GlassCapandPinvs.CompositeInsulators.....................................................................136
Table516:KeyInsulatorparameters.................................................................................................137
Table517:NumberandPlacingofDampersonaSpan:C=2100m...................................................142
Table518:Conductortensionlimits..................................................................................................149
Table519:Towerprofilingdata.........................................................................................................150
Table520:Conventionalfoundationdesignsystems........................................................................154
Table521:Alternativepiledfoundationsystems..............................................................................155
Table522:Foundationloadsfor515BGuyedVeetower.................................................................155
Table523:Foundationloadsfor515selfsupportingtowers...........................................................156
Table61:ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirementsDeviationSchedule............................161

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AbbreviationsandAcronyms
AAAC

AllAluminiumAlloyConductors

ACSR

AluminiumConductorSteelReinforced

AIS

AirInsulatedSubstation

AVR

AutomaticVoltageRegulation

BPC

BotswanaPowerCorporation

CIC

CapitalInvestmentCost

DEM

DigitalElevationModel

EHV

ExtraHighVoltage(220kVA.C.<Un400kVA.C.)

EMF

ElectricandMagneticField

ESIA

EnvironmentalandSocialImpactStudy

GSW

GalvanisedSteelWire

HV
IDMT

HighVoltage(33kVA.C.<Un220kVA.C.)
InverseDefiniteMeanTime

IEC

InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission

IED

IntelligentElectronicDevice

IEEE

InstituteofElectricalandElectronicEngineers

IPP

IndependentPowerProducer

kV

KiloVolt(1000V)

LCC
LV
MCMkcmil
MTS
MV

LifeCycleCost
LowVoltage(Un<1000VA.C.)
MCMisanabbreviationforthousandsofcircularmils,anoldmeasurement
ofwiregauge.1MCM=1kcmil=0.5067squaremillimetres.Amilis
1/1000inch.
MainTransmissionSubstation
MediumVoltage(1000VA.C.<Un33kVA.C.)

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MVA
MVAr
MW
NECRT
NGR
NiCad

MegaVoltAmpereReactive
MegaWatt(1000000W)
Neutralearthingcompensator(NEC)withneutralearthingresistor(NER)and
auxiliarytransformer(IEEEdefinition)
NeutralGroundingReactor
NickelCadmium

OEM

OriginalEngineeringManufacturer

OOM

OrderOfMagnitude

OPGW

OpticalFibreCompositeOverheadGroundWire

PCC

PointofCommonCoupling

PDF

PortableDocumentFormat

PGC

PointofGeneratorCoupling

PoE

PoweroverEthernet

QA

QualityAssurance

QC

QualityControl

RFP
SANS

MegaVoltAmpere

RequestforPrice
SouthAfricanNationalStandard

SAS

SubstationAutomationSystem

SED

StationElectricDiagram

SW

Shieldwirealsoreferredtoasagroundwireorearthwire

TAP

TransAfricaProjects

TCO

TotalCostofOperation

UTS

UltimateTensileStrength

TPIS

TeleProtectionIsolationSwitch

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Executivesummary

TransAfrica Projects (TAP) was appointed to compile a conceptual design and major equipment
specificationsrelatedtothe400kVintegrationbetweenMorupuleBandIsang(400kV)substations.

The 400kV integration is comprised of a second 218km of 400kV single circuit powerline from
MorupuleBsubstationtoIsangsubstation,aswellasexpansionofthe400kVinfrastructureatboth
MorupuleBandIsangsubstations.

Table11:SubstationswithinScope

No.

Category

SubstationName
Status&Type

BusbarArrangement

Voltage

Doublebusbar(MainandReserve
Busbar(s)),includingfeederbreakerbypass,
Transferbusbar

400kV

Doublebusbar(MainandReserve
Busbar(s)),includingfeederbreakerbypass

400kV

MorupuleB

Existing,Highstrung
andsuspendedTubular
busbar

Isang

Existing,Highstrung
andTubularbusbar

Table12:LineswithinScope

Category

No. Feeder
1

MorupuleBIsang

Type

Structure

Voltage

Lattice

515Series

400kV

As part of the overall scope, a Network Study was conducted to evaluate the reactive power
compensationrequirementsatIsangandMorupuleBat400kV.Theacceptedrecommendationsof
thisstudyandtheacceptedoverallproposedscopeperdisciplinearesummarisedinthetablebelow.
Subsequently,thesummarybelowisoutlinedindetailintheConceptualDesignReportthatfollows.
Toaidthereader,somedrawingsareincludedinthesectionsforwhichtheyarerelevant.
Note that it is suggested that this document be read in conjunction with the following reference
documentation:

BPCEngineeringSpecificationno.NWGTCENSPEC01(Rev.4)

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Table13:HighLevelScopeOverviewSubstationsPrimaryPlant
No.

Substation

Transformer
Capacity

Line

Busbar

Busbar

EquippedFeederBays(Line/TRF/Coupler)

400kV

Reactor

Reactor

(incl.NGR)

(incl.NGR)

400/220kV

400kV

400kV

400kV

2x50MVAr

1x50MVAr

Doubletubular
busbar+
Transfertubular
busbar

MorupuleB

2xBusSection
2xLineFeeder&Reactor
2xGeneratorTransformer
1xStationTransformer
1xBusCoupler
1xTransferBusCoupler
1xBusbarReactor

Isang

2x50MVAr

1x50MVAr

SingleTubular
busbarfor
Reactor
interfacewith
Feederbay

1xLineFeeder
2xLineReactor
1xBusbarReactor

Table14:HighLevelScopeOverviewOverheadPowerlines
No.

Feeder

Length

Voltage

Maximum
Transfer
Capacity

Conductor&Bundle
Configuration

Structure

218km

400kV

1640MVA

TripleTernACSR

515Series

MorupuleBIsang

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Table15:HighLevelScopeOverviewSecondarySystems
No.
1

Substation
MorupuleB

ScopeOverview
ExistingControlRoom
1xMorupuleBIsangNo.2FeederProtectionScheme(useexistingspare);
1xMorupuleBIsangNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme(Newinexistingcontrolroom);
NumerousExistingControlRoomChanges/Upgradesdescribedingreaterdetailinsection3.5;
Ancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
UpdatelocalHMIandgatewayasrequired;
Installandconfiguremultiplexerequipmentasrequired

NewControlRoom
Allnewsecondaryplantequipmentrequiredforthenewbays(includingthebussections)intheextended400kVyardshall
beinstalledinanewcontrolroom;
Anewbuszoneschemeisalsotobeinstalledinthenewcontrolroom;
Dedicatedcurrenttransformercoresforbuszoneinterconnections;
Ancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
InstalllocalHMIandgatewayasrequired;
Installandconfiguremultiplexerequipmentasrequired

Isang

1xnew400kVfeederprotectionschemefortheIsangMorupuleBNo.2line;
2xnewdedicated400kVlinereactorschemesforeachoftheIsangMorupuleBlines;
1xnewselectable400kVbusbar/linereactorscheme;
4xadditionalbusbarmodulesonexisting400kVbusbarprotection;
Eightbay(TWS)distancetofaultrecorderequippedfor2bayson400kVline;
Ancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
UpdatelocalHMIandRTUasrequired;
InstallandconfigureadditionalmodulesonFOX515multiplexersasrequired

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Overview

ThisdocumentpurposestodescribetheconceptualdesignandintegrationrequirementsforIsangand
MorupuleB.AstheIsangsubstationandMorupuleBpowerstationHVyardsareexisting,thisportion
considerstheupgradeandintegrationthatneedstobeachievedduringtheIsangMorupuleB(Lot6
oftheNORTHWESTTRANSMISSIONGRIDCONNECTION(NWTGC)PROJECT)project.
ItmustbenotedthatthisdocumentmustbereadinconjunctionwiththeIsangMorupuleBproject
scope of work. It must also be noted that where a conflict or discrepancy is found between this
document and other projectrelated documents, clarity must be sought. The Engineer will issue
interpretations and clarifications as he may deem fit in writing. All such interpretations and
clarificationsshallformapartofthebiddingdocumentandshallaccompanytheBiddersproposal.
TheEngineerwillrespondinwritingtoanyrequestforclarificationofthebiddingdocument,received
no later than fifteen (15) days prior to the deadline for submission of bids prescribed. Copies of
clarificationsalongwiththequerywillbeinformedtoallprospectiveBidderswhohaveobtainedBid
Documents.
CompliancetoboththisdocumentandthedetailedspecificationsbymeansoftheassociatedA/Band
complianceschedulesmustbeprovidedtoavoidriskofdisqualification.
Furthermore,thedeclarationanddeviationscheduleattachedtothisdocumentmustbesignedand
returnedwiththeBidderstender.

2.1

IntegrationInformation

2.1.1

EnvironmentalConditions

2.1.1.1

The equipment covered by this specification shall be suitable for operation under the
followingconditions:
General

Altitude
:Inland1100mmaximum
Relativehumidity :30%
Lightning:

KeuranicLevel
40daysperyear

GroundFlashDensity 4flashes/km2/year
Equipmentroomairtemperatures

Maximum
Yearlyaverage
Minimum

:70C
:35C
:5C

2.2

MethodStatements

2.2.1

Bidders are required to submit an integration and method statement for the lines
disciplineandanintegrationandmethodstatementforeachsubstationfortheprimary
andsecondaryplantdisciplines.

2.2.2

Themethodologystatementsarerequiredtoprovidedetailsastohowthedesignwillbe
performedandprojectexecutionistobecompletedtimeously,safely,accuratelyandwith

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highquality.Aproposedsequenceofeventandassociateddesignactivityschedulemust
alsobeincluded.Ofparticularimportanceistheintegrationaspectswithexistingplant
andequipment.

ConceptualDesign:SubstationPrimaryPlant

3.1

MorupuleB400/220kVSubstation

3.1.1

SubstationScopeOverview

The existing 400kV substation is to be expanded to facilitate an IPP integration at 400kV into
MorupuleBsubstation.
Itremainsuncertain,atthetimeofwritingthisreport,whereexactlytheproposedIPPgeneration
plant will be constructed. The conceptual design is therefore based on the assumption that the
proposedIPPplantwillformpartoftheexistinggenerationplantandforconceptualdesignpurposes
extendedandduplicatedasindicatedinyellow,aswellasthedirectionofthe400kVyardexpansion
tobeasindicatedwiththeredarrow,withinFigure31.

Figure31:TopographicalviewofunconfirmedGenerationplantexpansionpositionatMorupuleB
substation

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The400kVexpansionwillincorporatethefollowingadditionalinfrastructureasacceptedwithinthe
TAPInceptionreport(Option1c):
Table31:ProposedBaysrequiredforMorupuleB400kVexpansion

BayNo.

Required400kVBayDescription

BusSection(MainandReservebusbar)

#5GeneratorTransformer

#3StationTransformer

#6GeneratorTransformer

BusCoupler#2

LineFeeder(spareunequipped)

BusbarReactor#2

LineFeeder(LetlhakaneNo.1)

TransferBusCoupler#2

10

400/220kV315MVATransformerInterconnector#2(spare
unequipped)

The proposed Morupule B Isang 400kV No.2 line feeder will terminate onto the existing spare
400kVfeederbayattheMorupuleBsubstation.Thesparefeederbayisalreadyfullyequippedexcept
fortherequiredLineReactorbayanditsequipmentwhichrequiresextensionoftheexistingplatform.

InordertofitthelineReactorbayin,andtoalignwiththeexistingarrangementoftheIsangNo.1line
Reactor bay, the spare feeder bays Surge Arrester and CVTs structures need to be relocated (re
positioned inwards towards the line CT structure) and the internal road rerouted around the
proposedReactorbay.

TheexistingMain1AandReserve1BbusbarwillbeextendedtowhatwillbethenewMain1B
and Reserve 1B busbar(s), each through a complete bussection, however the new Transfer 1B
busbarwillremainsplitfromtheexistingTransferbusbar1A.Bayconnectivityandbypassesshallbe
doneusinghighstrungbusbararrangement.

The Main 1B, Reserve 1B and Transfer 1B busbar(s) is recommended to be suspended Tubular
arrangement to align with the existing configuration so as to ensure uniformity. All busbar
stringers/jumpers shall be with double conductor/phase configuration. Busbar CVTs are to be
includedfortheMain1B,Reserve1BandTransfer1Bbusbar(s).Busbarearthingshallbeachieved
through the bussection disconnectors for the Main 1B and Reserve 1B busbar(s), whereas the
Transfer 1B busbar shall be earthed through a standalone Earth Switch which is to be positioned
nearbytheTransferCouplerbay.

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The existing control building is not suitable for housing the control plant required for all of the
additionalinfrastructureandassucha2ndcontrolbuildingwillbeconstructedfortheexpansion.

ForstationauxiliaryasupplyfromtheexistingstationwillbeusedaswellasasupplyfromtheIPPAC
auxiliary. A third supply that will be considered is a conversion of the future proposed temporary
builders33/0.4kVsupplyfortheIPPconstructionsite.

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3.1.2

ExistingStationElectricDiagram

Figure32:ExistingStationElectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation

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3.1.3

ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork

Figure33:ConceptualStationelectricDiagramMorupuleB400kVSubstation(ScopeofWorkonly)

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3.1.4

ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork

Figure34:ConceptualKeyPlanlayoutforMorupuleBSubstation(scopeofworkonly)

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3.1.5

PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign

3.1.5.1

400kVBusSection

Table32:MorupuleB400kVBusSectionbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

Main1B

Reserve1B

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

12

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

Figure35:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusSection

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3.1.5.2

GeneratorTransformer400kVbay

Table33:MorupuleBGeneratorTransformer400kVbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

GeneratorTRF#5

GeneratorTRF#6

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

12

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

12

CurrentTransformer

12

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

12

Figure36:SectionofMorupuleB400kVGeneratorTransformerbay

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3.1.5.3

StationTransformer400kVBay

Table34:MorupuleBStationTransformer400kVbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

StationTRF#3

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

Figure37:SectionofMorupuleB400kVStationTransformerbay

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3.1.5.4

BusCoupler400kVBay

Table35:MorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

BusCoupler#2

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

Figure38:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusCouplerbay

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3.1.5.5

LineFeeder400kVBay(Spareunequipped,butbusselectiontobeinstalled)

Table36:MorupuleB400kVSpareLineFeederbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

Sparebay

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

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3.1.5.6

BusbarReactor400kVBay

Table37:MorupuleB400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

BusReactor#2

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

50MVArShuntReactor

NeutralGroundingReactor

Totalbays

PostInsulator

21

Figure39:SectionofMorupuleB400kVBusReactorbay

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3.1.5.7

LineFeederandReactor400kVbay

Table38:MorupuleB400kVLineFeederwithReactorbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

Letlhakane#1

Isang#2

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

50MVArShuntReactor

NeutralGroundingReactor

Totalbays

PostInsulator

(note:linebayequipment
existing)

Figure310:SectionofMorupuleB400kVFeeder+LineReactorbay

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3.1.5.8

TransferBusCoupler400kVBay

Table39:MorupuleB400kVTransferBusCouplerbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

TransferCoupler#2

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

Figure311:SectionofMorupuleB400kVTransferCouplerbay

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3.1.5.9

InterconnectingTransformer400/220kV315MVABay

Table310:MorupuleB400/220kVTransformerbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

MorBMorA

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

315MVA400/220/22kVAuto
Transformer

315kVA22kV/415VAuxiliary
Transformer

Totalsparebay
(unequipped)

PostInsulator

Figure312:SectionofMorupuleB400/220kVTransformerInterconnectorbay

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3.1.5.10 400kVBusbar(SuspendedTubular&HighStrung)

Table311:MorupuleB400kVBusbarconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

Main1BBusbar

Reserve1BBusbar

Transfer1BBusbar

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

22kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneTransferbarEarth
Switch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Strain/TensionInsulator

360

Totalbays

PostInsulator

108

***Note:TheIsangNo.2linebaywillbewithintheexisting400kVyardforwhichthefeederbay
equipmentisexisting.

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3.2

Isang400/220kVSubstation

3.2.1

SubstationScopeOverview

The2nd400kVlinefromMorupuleBtoIsangrequiresintegrationatIsangsubstationonthe400kV
busbar. An existing spare feeder bay (an unequipped bay, except for busbar selection which is
installed)willbeusedtoterminatethelineontheothersideoftheexistingbussection.

Additionally, the existing busbar Reactor arrangement will be duplicated to install a 2nd busbar
Reactor,andinterconnectingbusbar,inordertohaveabusbarReactorwhichwillbeswitchableto
theMorupuleBNo.2400kVline.

Figure313:TopographicalviewofIsang400/220kVlayout

LineReactors:
ForreactivecompensationbothMorupuleBNo.1andNo.2feederswilleachhaveadedicatedline
Reactorwhichwillbeinstalledduringthisproject.Duringthisconceptdesigntheasbuiltfoundation
andkeyplanprovidedtoTAPwasfoundnottobeinaccordancewithwhatwasactuallybuiltonsite,
specificallyonlywithreferencetothe2ndbuilding(buildingadjacenttothecontrolroompointedout
inblueinFigure313above).

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ThisbuildingispositionedinsuchawaythatfitmentofaReactor,oranybayforthatmatter,isnot
possible.Asthisbuildingisunderstoodtobeastoreroom/workshophousingageneratorauxiliary
system,andthatithousesnocontrolplant,itispossibletodemolishtheexisting(orpartthereof)
buildinginordertofitintheReactorbayfortheMorupuleBNo.1lineandassuchanewbuildingwill
havetobeerectedorthattheexistingbuildingcanbemodifiedtoinstallthegeneratorroomonthe
otherside.

RefertotheconceptSEDFigure315andKeyPlanFigure316
ItissuggestedtoinstallthelineReactorswithinthevacantspaceasindicatedwiththeredlinesin
Figure 313. The solution incorporates installation of one set of Pantograph disconnectors
underneaththeReservebusbar(forthelinecircuitbreakerbypass),aswellasdemolishmentofthe
existingbuildingtofitintheMorupuleBNo.1lineReactor.

Theexisting400kVReactoratIsangsubstationshallbedesignatedasthebusbarAReactorsincea
new line reactor is to be installed for the Morupule B No1 line. Currently the existing Reactor is
operatedasalineReactorandtherefore,duetothisReactorthatwillnowbeoperatedasabusbar
Reactor, a bypass disconnecting device is required to be installed inbetween the existing Reactor
neutralanditsNeutralGroundingReactor(NGR).ThisNGRisrated0,7Handassuch,forthenewline
shuntReactor,itsNGRshallalsoberatedexactlythesamefortheMorupuleNo1400kVline.

TheNGRsfortheMorupuleNo2400kVlineshallberated3H,subsequentlysoshallthe2ndbusbar
ReactorsNGRberated.

Theexistingcontrolbuildingissuitableforhousingtheadditionalcontrolplantrequiredforallofthe
newinfrastructureandSERGIschemes.

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The400kVexpansionwillincorporatethefollowingadditionalinfrastructureasacceptedwithinthe
InceptionreportsOption2:

Table312:Proposedadditional400kVbaysatIsangsubstation

BayNo.

Required400kVBayDescription

BusbarReactor#2

LineFeeder(MorupuleBNo.2)

LineReactor(MorupuleBNo.1)

LineReactor(MorupuleBNo.2)

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3.2.2

ExistingStationElectricDiagram

Figure314:ExistingStationElectricDiagramofIsang400/220kVSubstation

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3.2.3

ProposedConceptualStationElectricDiagramforScopeofWork(optionA)

Figure315:ConceptualStationElectricDiagramIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWorkonly)

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3.2.4

ProposedConceptualKeyPlanforScopeofWork(OptionA)

Figure316:ConceptualKeyPlanLayoutforIsang400kVSubstationOptionA(ScopeofWorkonly)

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3.2.5

PrimaryEquipmentBayConceptDesign

3.2.5.1

BusbarReactor400kVBay

Table313:Isang400kVBusbarReactorbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

BusReactor#2

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

50MVArShuntReactor

NeutralGroundingReactor

Totalbays

PostInsulator

12

Figure317:SectionofIsang400kVNo.2BusReactorbay

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3.2.5.2

BusbarReactor400kVByPassInterconnectingBay

Table314:Isang400kVBusbarReactorinterconnectingbypasstolinefeederbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

BusReactor#2
toMorupuleB
No.2LineFeeder

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

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3.2.5.3

LineFeeder400kVbay

Table315:Isang400kVLineFeederbayconcept

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

MorupuleB
No.2

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetsinglepole

Totalbays

PostInsulator

15

Figure318:Sectionof400kVMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederbay

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3.2.5.4

LineReactor400kVBay(bothMorupuleBNo.1&2OptionAsupported)

Table316:Isang400kVLineReactorbayconceptMorupuleBNo.1&2

Required

BayQuantity
400kV

220kV

MorupuleBNo.1

MorupuleBNo.2

Equipment

Quantity
400kV

220kV

SurgeArrester

Isolator+1xEarthSwitch

Isolator+2xEarthSwitch

PantographIsolator+E/Switch

PantographIsolator

12

StandAloneEarthSwitch

CapacitiveVoltageTransformer

CurrentTransformer

CircuitBreakersetthreepole

50MVArShuntReactor

NeutralGroundingReactor

Totalbays

PostInsulator

54

Figure319:SectionofMorupuleBNo.1&2LineReactorbayOptionA

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ConceptualDesign:SecondarySystems

4.1

Overview

This section of the document purposes to describe the protection and substation automation
philosophyforthesecondarysystemsasrequiredatIsangandMorupuleB.

4.2

SecondarySystemsIntegration

4.2.1

ProtectionSettingsandCoordination

4.2.1.1

The successful contractor shall be required to provide a protection settings philosophy


duringthedetaileddesignphase.
Detailed settings calculations showing all relevant algorithms shall also be provided for
eachsettingthatisused.
Detailedconfigurationlogicdiagramsshallbeprovidedbythesuccessfulcontractorfor
eachIEDduringthedetaileddesignphase.

4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3

4.2.2

ControlSystemSignalLists

4.2.2.1

Thesuccessfulcontractorshallberequiredtoprovidethecontrolsystemsignallists(RTU
andgatewaysasapplicable)duringthedetaileddesignphase.
The Substation Automation System Gateways shall be described in detail during the
detaileddesignphaseincludingthecommunicationsinterfaceacceptancetesting.

4.2.2.2

4.2.3

ProductsupportinSouthernAfrica

4.2.3.1

Tenderersshallberequiredtofurnishproofthatallproposedproductsandsolutionshave
long term aftersales support sourced from within Southern Africa. This shall include
spares holding and technical support. This is particularly important for nonlocally
manufacturedproducts.

4.2.4

QualityPlan

4.2.4.1

The purpose of the Quality Plan is to outline the activities, methods, procedures and
techniquestobeemployedtoensureconformancetocontractualrequirementsduringall
stagesofthisproject.
ThesuccessfulcontractorshallprepareandsubmitadetailedQualityPlanthatshallform
partofthecontractualbaselineoftheprojectafterapprovalbytheEngineer.
TheQualityPlanshalldefinethecontractualrequirementsforQualityandConfiguration
Controltobeperformedduringtheexecutionofthisproject.
TheQualityPlanisapplicabletothedesign,test,installationandcommissioningphasesof
thisproject.

4.2.4.2
4.2.4.3
4.2.4.4

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4.2.4.5

TheQualityPlanshallmakeallowanceforEngineeringChangeProposalswhichshallbe
generatedforapprovalforthefollowinginstances:

4.2.4.6

4.2.4.7

4.2.4.8

Changeswhichwillaffectinterchangeability,functionality,reliabilityandcosts;
Safety;
Equipmentfurnishedbytheclient;
Obviouserrorsondrawingswhichdonotinvolveanyofthefactorsmentioned
above.
Changes to drawings and documents which do not affect any of the factors
mentionedabove.

Controlofconfigurations(ChangeControl)shallbeusedtoassureorderlyandcontrolled
implementation of engineering changes to all relevant configuration items and
documents.
Changestonewengineeringdrawingsanddocumentsgeneratedfortheprojectwillbe
controlled and shall be updated from redlined drawings and documents. This formal
changecontrolprocedurewillbeemployeduptothecompletionandapprovaloftheSAT.
Oncethedeliverableitemhasbeenapproved,theredlineddrawingsanddocumentswill
beupdatedtoanumericissuestatustoreflecttheasbuiltprojectstatus.
DefectandfailurereportingshallbeperformedinaccordancewiththeQualityAssurance
ProceduredefinedinthesubmittedQualityPlan.ThepurposeofthisQualityAssurance
Procedureistodescribetheprocedurethatisfollowedandtheresponsibilityassociated
withdefectandfailurereporting.Specialattentionshallbegiventothefollowing:

Defectandfailurereportinganalysisandcorrectiveaction;
Controlofallnonconformingmaterial,itemsandproducts.

4.2.5

FactoryAcceptanceTesting

4.2.5.1

ThesuccessfulcontractorshallprepareandsubmitaFATprocedurewellinadvanceofthe
FAT.
Thisprocedureshallbereviewedandapprovedbytheengineer.
Allschemesforeachsubstationshallbetestedasacompletesysteminthefactorybythe
contractor.Thecontractoristopretestthesystembeforethewitnesstest.Thisshall
constitutepreFATtesting.
FATshallpreferablybeperformedwithfinalprotectionsettings.
FATshallbeperformedwithfinalprotectionandautomationlogic.
Theclientand/ortheengineershallwitnesstheFATtestsatthesuppliersworkswhich
shall be conducted at a suitably prepared test facility that can be effectively used to
conducttheFATtesting.
Thetestfacilityshallincludecalibratedtestequipmentandanyspecialtestequipmentthat
mayberequiredtoconducttheFAT.
Allfunctionalityshallbetestedwiththeappropriatesimulationofprimaryplantinterfaces.
AllinterfacestootherequipmentandsystemsshallalsobecheckedduringFAT.
Overall system tests including interoperability and performance shall be performed.
TypicalperformancetestsincludeGOOSEtransmissiontimeundervariousnetworkloads,

4.2.5.2
4.2.5.3

4.2.5.4
4.2.5.5
4.2.5.6

4.2.5.7
4.2.5.8
4.2.5.9
4.2.5.10

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4.2.5.11
4.2.5.12
4.2.5.13
4.2.5.14
4.2.5.15

statuspointupdatetimes,momentarychangedetection,operatetimes,failsafetests,and
analogueupdatetimes.
Everytestprocedureshallshowpass/failcriteriaorthedesiredresultsforeachitem.
ThesuccessfulcontractorshallalsoprovideaschedulefortheFATshowingalltimingand
sequenceoftesting.
PriortoFATalldesignapprovalsmustbefinalised.Thisistoremovetechnicalambiguity
fromtheFATandpreventcommercialdisputesoverworkthatcontinuesafterFAT.
Thetestdocumentshalllistthebuildinformation,serialnumbersofallequipmenttested
aswellasfirmwareandsoftwareversions.
Thecontractorshallcompileadocumentsetthatcansupportthetestingandserveasa
referenceforthetestresultsincludingbutnotnecessarilylimitedto:

4.2.5.16

4.2.5.17
4.2.5.18
4.2.5.19

4.2.5.20

Contract/specificationandcopiesofallreferencescalledoutinthespecification;
Alldrawingsfortheproject,includingdrawingsreceivedfromothervendorsthat
describeinterfaces;
Drawingofthetestsetup;
Documentationonequipment;
QA/QCdocumentation.

All discrepancies and nonconformities of the system are to be registered on a Non


Conformities List, including a time to complete column. Items incomplete, or not
availableforinspectionorFATaretobeincludedontheNonConformitiesList.
TheNonConformitiesListshallbeissuedtothecontractorattheendofFAT.
Substantialnonconformitiesshallinfluencethecontractorseligibilitytoreceivethefull
FATprogresspayment.
ShouldtheFATnotpasstothesatisfactionoftheengineer,thecontractorshallarrange
forretestingathiscost.Theprogramforretestingshallbesubmittedtotheengineerfor
approval.Penaltiesmayapplyiftheretestingaffectstheoverallprogramandresultsin
projectdelays.
TheengineershallonlyreleasetheworksforshippingtositeoncetheFATtestshavebeen
completedtothesatisfactionoftheengineer.At thispointallfirmware,softwareand
equipmentbuildinformationshallbefrozen.

4.2.6

SiteAcceptanceTesting

4.2.6.1

ThesuccessfulcontractorshallprepareandsubmitaSATprocedurewellinadvanceofthe
SAT.
TestsperformedduringFATshallberepeatedandprovedwithactualprimaryplant.
Performance tests including protection tripping tests between substations shall be
performed.
SATshallbeperformedwithfinalprotectionsettings.
Plantwideindustrialnetworkverificationshallbeperformed.
Interface testing including Substation Automation System Gateway testing shall be
performedandallinterfacesshallbethoroughlytested.
Allsignalsshallbetestedtothenationalcontrolcentre.

4.2.6.2
4.2.6.3
4.2.6.4
4.2.6.5
4.2.6.6
4.2.6.7

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4.2.6.8

Thecontractorshallcompileadocumentsetthatcansupportthetestingandserveasa
referenceforthetestresults

4.2.6.9
4.2.6.10
4.2.6.11
4.2.6.12

4.2.6.13
4.2.6.14

Contract/specificationandcopiesofallreferencescalledoutinthespecification;
Alldrawingsfortheproject,includingdrawingsreceivedfromothervendorsthat
describeinterfaces;
Asbuiltdrawings;
Documentationonequipment;
QA/QCdocumentation.

All discrepancies and nonconformities of the system are to be registered on a Non


ConformitiesList.
TheNonConformitiesListshallbeissuedtothecontractorattheendofSAT.
Substantialnonconformitiesshallinfluencethecontractorseligibilitytoreceivethefull
SATprogresspayment.
ShouldtheSATnotpasstothesatisfactionoftheengineer,thecontractorshallarrange
forretestingathiscost.Theprogramforretestingshallbesubmittedtotheengineerfor
approval.Penaltiesmayapplyiftheretestingaffectstheoverallprogramandresultsin
projectdelays.
The engineer shall only release the works for handover once the SAT tests have been
completedtothesatisfactionoftheengineer.
Theresponsibilitytocorrectdefectsafterhandoverandenergisationshallrestwiththe
contractorforanagreedperiodoftime.

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4.3

ProtectionandControlPhilosophy

4.3.1 Overallphilosophyanddesignguidelines
TheNWTGCProjectDesignGuideline/Specification,Revision4.0,BPCTransmissionSpecification
No: NWGTCENGSPEC01 lays out Botswana Power Corporations design criteria for all the lots
applicabletotheoverallproject.Therelevantportionsforthesectionofthedocumentarelisted
belowforeaseofreference:

4.3.2

AsperIEC61850forcompletesubstationlayout,includingdistributionfeeders.

Thenetworkandtheassociatedequipmentshallbedesignedwithatleast30%spare
capacityforfutureexpansions.

ThecommunicationlinkstotheNCCshalluseIEC608705101.

TheEPCContractorshallassisttheBPCNCCteambytestingandverifyingallsignals
totheNCC.

TheContractorsbatterylimitforfibreterminationandfortestingofI/Osisviathe
existingornewGateway/RTUinstalledbytheContractor.

Gatewaysarepreferredforremotemonitoringandcontrol.

AllnewsubstationsshallhavelocalHMIsforlocaloperationsforfieldpersonneland
faultfinding/configurationforprotectionpersonnel.

Contractorshallsupplyandconfigurefour(4)newindustrialtypelaptopscomplete
withthesoftware,aswellassupplyfour(4)backupdisks/CDswiththeblueprint
softwareloaded.OnefortheSCADAteam,oneforNetworkMaintenance,oneforBPC
archivesandoneforProtection.

ProductVendorConstraints

AsspecifiedinSection10.5.9ofBPCsNWTGCProjectDesignGuideline/Specification,Revision4.0,
asapplicabletothisproject,thefollowingproductconstraintsapply:

For standardisation and interfacing with existing systems, and taking into account institutional
knowledge,skills,backupsupportandexpertise,thefollowingbrandsinthisorderarepreferred:

SEL;
Siemens;
Schneider/Alstom

TAPwereinformedthatapprovalinprinciplehasbeenobtainedtoutilisethesametypeofprotection
andschemesascurrentlyinstalledatIsangtomaintainconsistencyandminimiseintegrationissues
andrisksatIsangsubstation.

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4.3.3 400kVFeederProtection
The feeder schemes shall comprise of 3 IEDs (two being protection and one control). BPCs
fundamentalphilosophyforEHVfeedersistoensurethatthetwoprotectionIEDsemploydifferent
algorithms for protection. In this case the Isang Morupule B and Morupule B Letlhakane lines
exceedtheapprovedlimitsfordifferentialprotectionandassuchdualimpedanceprotectionschemes
shallbeinstalled.Thisphilosophyfurtherresolvesasfollows:

ThetwomainprotectionIEDsshallmakeuseofimpedanceprotection.Inorderto
ensurethatdifferentalgorithmsareemployedinsuchscenarios,thetwomainIEDs
shallbefromdifferentmanufacturers.
TravelingwaverecordersincludingGPSfortimestampingandaccuratetoonespanshallbeinstalled
forfastfaultlocationpurposes.Doubleendedalgorithmsrecordingsforfaultlocationusingtheline
lengthandthevelocityofpropagationshallbeinstalled.

4.3.4

400kVBusbar/LineReactorProtection

The Reactor scheme shall comprise of 3 IEDs (two being protection and one control). BPCs
fundamentalphilosophyforEHVReactorsistoensurethatthetwoprotectionIEDsemploydifferent
algorithmsforprotection.Thisphilosophyfurtherresolvesasfollows:

Main1protectionIEDshallmakeuseofdifferentialprotectionalgorithmsaswellas
HVEF,MVEF,LVOC,CircuitBreakerFail,etc.protection;

Main2protectionIEDshallmakeuseofRestrictedEarthFaultaswellasHVOC,MV
OC,CircuitBreakerFail,NGRsustainedearthfault,etc.;

ThemanufacturerofthetwomainIEDscanbethesame;

TheschemedesignshallcatertoallowthereactortobeconnectedeitherasaBusbar
ReactororasaLineReactorwiththeassociatedintertrippingandbusbarselectivity;

The scheme shall incorporate the ability to interface with the Sergi reactor fire
protection of the reactor and gas analyser as per specification TECH SPEC
TRANSMISSIONONLINEDGA.

4.4

ScopeofSecondaryPlantIsang400/220kVSubstation

4.4.1

Background

Isang (also known as Isang Ranch) is a 400/220kV substation located about 70km northeast of
Gaborone.ThesubstationwasconstructedandcommissionedbyABBin2012.
The400kVsidemakesuseoftwobusbars,asdoesthe220kVside.Thedoublebusbarconfiguration
isusedinaMain/Reserveoperatingphilosophy.Thefeederprotectionschemesinconjunctionwith
the400kVbuscouplerschemearedesignedtoutilisetheReservebusbarasabreakertransferfacility.
Thenewstationlayoutdesignrequiresthatadedicatedlinereactorbeinstalledoneachlinebayof
the two 400kV feeders to Morupule B substation. One switchable Busbar/Line Reactor will be
additionally installed to provide reactive compensation for the substation or for the new Isang

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MorupuleBNo.2lineinconditionsthatadedicatedlinereactorisnotavailable.Therelevantportion
oftheproposedSLDisshowninFigure315.
ExistingcontrolroomcubiclesareratedatIP51.PowercoatcolourisG29GreyTextured.Typical
paneldimensionsare800mm(w)x600mm(d)x2400mm(h).Heightincludesthe100mmbase
plinth.

Figure41:Generalviewofthe400kVequipmentpanels

Thereisnometeringinstalledand/orrequiredonthe400kVsystematIsang.

4.4.2

IsangScopeofnewworks

4.4.2.1

Scopeofworkoverview

Installonenew400kVfeederprotectionschemefortheIsangMorupuleBNo.2line;
Installtwonewdedicated400kVlinereactorschemesforeachoftheIsangMorupuleBlines;
Installonenewselectable400kVbusbar/linereactorscheme;
Installfouradditionalbusbarmodulesonexisting400kVbusbarprotection;
Installoneeightbay(TWS)distancetofaultrecorderequippedfor2bayson400kVline;
Installancillaryequipmentandcablesasrequired;
UpdatelocalHMIandRTUasrequired;
ReplaceexistingFOX515on400kVwithFOX615andinstallandconfigureadditionalmodules
on220kVFOX515multiplexerasrequired.

4.4.3

IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineFeederProtectionScheme

In order to maintain consistency and ease of long term maintenance, it is recommended that the
existingschemedesignsbeimplementedforthenewbaysatIsang.Existingschemedrawingscanbe
suppliedtothesuccessfulcontractorasreferenceforimplementation.
The existing scheme design (Isang Morupule B No. 1) allows for one teleprotection circuit to be
provisionedusingafibreconnectionwhilethesecondteleprotectioncircuitisprovisionedusingan
electricaloutputcircuitfromtheIED.BPChaveexplicitlyrequestedthatTeleProtectionIsolationbe
employedforallteleprotectioncircuitsbymeansofdedicatedMain1andMain2TPISswitcheswhich

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physicallyisolatetheteleprotectiontripandreceivesignalswiredtothemultiplexer.Assuch,the
existingdesignmustbeadaptedsuchthatonlyelectricalteleprotectioncircuitsbeused.Thefeeder
teleprotectionshallmakeprovisionforabreakerfailureinputfromthereactorfordirectintertrip
andlocaltripfunctionality.
Furthermore, the reactor scheme designs will be suitably adapted to accommodate the variations
betweentheexistingbaydesignsandthenewlinereactorbays.

400kVMorupuleLine2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite:

ControlPanel:800x600swingframe

ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:SiemensSiprotec7SA632
5xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection)
1xCTTestBlock(Control)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2ProtectionLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(ControlLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(ControlBusVT)
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch(M2TNS)
M2TeleprotectionSwitch(TPIS)
LampCheckPushButton
ARCON/OFFPushbuttons
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframe

Main1IED:ABBREL670
2xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection)
1xVTTestBlock(Main1ProtectionLineCVT)
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch(TNSM1)
M1TeleprotectionSwitch(TPIS)
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs

DesignationonControlRoomLayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC17.

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Table41:BayControlIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
3I>

ANSI
Reference
50,51

Comment

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Synchronising

SYNC

25

Autoreclosing

OI

79

Singleandthreepole

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Breakerfailure

3I>BF

50BF

Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

OperatingMimic

Yes

PushbuttonsandLEDs

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

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Table42:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality
Distanceprotection

IEC
Reference
Z<

ANSI
Reference
21,21P,21N

Overvoltageprotection

U>

59

Undervoltageprotection

U<

27

PhaseOvercurrent

3I>

50,51

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Negativesequence

I2>

67,67N

Synchronising

SYNC

25

Optional

Autoreclosing

OI

79

Optional

Teleprotection

CL

85

10

Weakinfeed

CLCRW

85/21

11

Teleprotectionforground
faults
Mutualcoupling

CLN

85/21N

Yo>>

21YN

68

14

Powerswingdetectionand
tripping
Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

15

Overfrequency

f>

81O

16

Underfrequency

f<

81U

17

Breakerfailure

3I>BF

50BF

18

I2>

46

19

Negativesequenceover
current
TripCoilsupervision

TCS

74TC

Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

FaultLocation

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

12
13

Comment

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Theprotectionschemeshallbeequippedwithduplicateddistanceprotectionrelaysfromdifferent
manufacturesasperBPCdesignrequirements.ThedistanceprotectionIEDs(M1ABBREL670and
M2SiemensSiprotec7SA632)willcompriseofdedicatedmeasurementelementsforeachloopand
associatedzonee.g.14.

AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.

Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.

ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC;

TheschemeshallbeintegratedwiththeexistingBusCouplerforbreakertransfer/bypasspurposes.
Allnecessaryflipflopcircuitsshallbeincorporatedintothefeederschemetosuccessfullyintegrate
withtheexistingbuscouplerschemesprovidingafunctionaltransfer/bypasssolution.

The single pole tripping and autoreclosing philosophy will be retained during breaker transfer
operation.

SchemeACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
110VdcsuppliesTheprotectionandcontrolschemesshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1and
Main2110Vdcboards.Adedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshall
beinstalledtosupplytheschemeusinga4core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.
48VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromtheMain148Vdcboard.Adedicated,suitably
rated miniature circuit breaker in the 48Vdc board shall supply the scheme using a 4 core 4mm2
armouredcable.

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Remoteteleprotectioncommunicationsandintertripping
Thefeederschemedesignandfunctionalitywillincludecommunicationsassistedtrippingutilizingthe
OPGWbetweenthesubstationsandassociatedcommunicationequipmentsuchasmultiplexersand
opticalamplifiers.

Theschemedesignwillincludeteleprotectiontrippingfunctionalitytoenhancepermissivetripping,
earthfaultprotectiontrippingselectionanddirecttransfertripping.
TheMain1&Main2teleprotectionsignallingwillberealisedviaelectricalinterfaces.These
electrical interfaces shall be provided by a TEBIT module in each of the ABB FOX515 and
FOX615multiplexersMain1viathemultiplexerdesignatedISANG400andMain2viathe
multiplexerdesignatedISANG220.
All teleprotection signalling shall be routed via TPIS switches (M1 & M2) for testing and
isolationpurposes.

4.4.4

IsangMorupuleBNo.1LineReactorProtectionScheme

Anew400kV,50MVArdedicatedlinereactoristobeinstalledatIsangontheexistingMorupuleB
No.1feeder.Theexisting400kV,50MVArselectablebusbar/linereactorwillbeusedasalinereactor
forthisfeederwhenthededicatedlinereactorisoutofserviceorotherwiseunavailable.
Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoomLayout
Drawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC05.

Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVMorupuleLine1LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)

ControlPanel:800x600swingframe
ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
6xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVLineCVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs

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RelayPanel:800x600swingframe
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVLineCVT)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs

Table43:BayControlIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
3I>

ANSI
Reference
50,51

Comment

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Synchronising

SYNC

25

Autoreclosing

OI

79

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Breakerfailure

3I>BF

50BF

WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker

Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

OperatingMimic

Yes

PushbuttonsandLEDs

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

DocumentNumber

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Date

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Table44:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality

ANSI
Reference
87T

REFPDIF

87N

Differentialprotection,two
winding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF

3I>

50,51

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Negativesequence

I2>

67,67N

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Undervoltage

U<

27

Overvoltage

U>

59

Overxcitationprotection

U/f>

24

10

PoleDiscordance

52PD

11

Overfrequency

f>

81O

12

Underfrequency

f<

81U

12

Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure

ROCOF

81

3I>BF

50BF

WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker

I2>

46

14

15

Comment

Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

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TheschemeshallmakeprovisionfortripsignalsfromthetransformertobewiredtoprotectionIED
forfunctionalmonitoringpurposes.Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforatleastthefollowinginputs
fromthemaintransformerprotectiondevices.

Theyshallprovidefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:
Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip);

Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.

AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.

Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.
ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD).
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
SchemeACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.

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110VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.A
dedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusinga4
core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.

4.4.5

IsangMorupuleBNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme

Anew400kV,50MVArdedicatedlinereactoristobeinstalledatIsangonthenewMorupuleBNo.2
feeder.Inaddition,thenew400kV,50MVArselectablebusbar/linereactorwillbeusedasaline
reactorforthesamefeederwhenthededicatedlinereactorisoutofserviceorotherwiseunavailable.
Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC18.

Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVMorupuleLine2LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)

ControlPanel:800x600swingframe

ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
6xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVLineCVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframe
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVLineCVT)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
Auxiliaryrelays

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TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs

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Table45:BayControlIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
3I>

ANSI
Reference
50,51

Comment

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Synchronising

SYNC

25

Autoreclosing

OI

79

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Breakerfailure

3I>BF

50BF

WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker

Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

OperatingMimic

Yes

PushbuttonsandLEDs

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

DocumentNumber

Revision

Date

Page

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Table46:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality

ANSI
Reference
87T

REFPDIF

87N

Differentialprotection,two
winding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF

3I>

50,51

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Negativesequence

I2>

67,67N

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Undervoltage

U<

27

Overvoltage

U>

59

Overxcitationprotection

U/f>

24

10

PoleDiscordance

52PD

11

Overfrequency

f>

81O

12

Underfrequency

f<

81U

13

Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure

ROCOF

81

3I>BF

50BF

WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker

I2>

46

14

15

Comment

Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotectiondevices.Theyshall
providefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:

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Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip);

Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.

AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.

Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.

ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD).
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
ACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
110VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.A
dedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusinga4
core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.

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4.4.6

IsangMorupuleBNo.2Busbar/LineReactorProtectionScheme

Anew400kV,50MVArselectablebusbar/linereactoristobeinstalledatIsangonthenew
MorupuleBNo.2feeder.Thisreactorwilltypicallybeconnectedasabusbarreactorbutitwillbe
usedasalinereactorforthesamefeederwhenthededicatedlinereactorisoutofserviceor
otherwiseunavailable.
Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD)willbeC16.

Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVMorupuleLine2SelectableBusbar/LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)

ControlPanel:800x600swingframe

ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
7xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVMainandReserveBusbar
VTsL12)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVMainBusbarVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVReserveBusbarVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframe
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVMainandReserveBusbar
VTsL12)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest

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Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs

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Table47:BayControlIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
3I>

ANSI
Reference
50,51

Comment

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Synchronising

SYNC

25

Autoreclosing

OI

79

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Breakerfailure

3I>BF

50BF

Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

OperatingMimic

Yes

PushbuttonsandLEDs

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

DocumentNumber

Revision

Date

Page

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Table48:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality

ANSI
Reference
87T

REFPDIF

87N

Transformerdifferential
protection,twowinding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF

3I>

50,51

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Negativesequence

I2>

67,67N

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Undervoltage

U<

27

Overvoltage

U>

59

Overxcitationprotection

U/f>

24

10

PoleDiscordance

52PD

11

Overfrequency

f>

81O

12

Underfrequency

f<

81U

13

Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure

ROCOF

81

3I>BF

50BF

I2>

46

14
15

Comment

Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

FailoverandParallelRedundancyProtocol(optional)

Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotectiondevices.Theyshall
providefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:
Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);

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Buchholz(alarmandtrip);

Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.

AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.

Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.

ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(XPR.610.008CDD).
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
ACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.
110VdcdistributionTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.
Adedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusing
a4core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.

4.4.7

Isang400kVBusbarProtectionScheme
Theexisting400kVBusbarprotectionschemecomprisesof20bayswiredwithtestblocksand
switches.Referenceschemedrawingno.:XPR810150CGI.

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The bay protection modules for spare bays are not installed and shall be procured and
commissioned under this project contract. All changes, settings, logics, visualization etc.
requiredtoexistingbusbarprotectionIEDtoprovideafunctionalsolutionshallbeincludedin
thiscontract.
The400kVBusbarprotectionschemeisconstructedasfollows:

400kVBusZone(3panelprotectionsuite)

Panel1:800x600swingframe
IED:ABBREB500IED
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusCouplerA)

Figure42:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel1)

Panel2:800x600swingframe

Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400/220kVTransformerT2)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVMorupuleB1LineReactor)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVMorupuleB1Feeder)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusSection1)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusSection2)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400/220kVTransformerT3)
Module:REB500BU03Basic(for400kVBusCouplerB)

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Figure43:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel2)

Panel3:800x600swingframe

Figure44:400kVBusZoneScheme(Panel3)

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Thefollowingbuszoneprotectionchanges/upgradesarerequired:

The new Morupule B No. 2 Feeder bay will utilise Bay C13 on the Bus Zone scheme.
RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
Thenew,selectableMorupuleBNo.2Busbar/LineReactorwillutiliseBayC12onthebuszone
protectionscheme.RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
The new Morupule B No. 1 dedicated line reactor will utilise Bay C05 on the bus zone
protectionscheme.Thisisduetotheprimaryconnectionoftherectorbeingonthebusbar
sideofthefeederCT.RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
The new Morupule B No. 2 dedicated line reactor will utilise Bay C16 on the bus zone
protectionscheme.Thisisduetotheprimaryconnectionoftherectorbeingonthebusbar
sideofthefeederCT.RequirementsModule:REB500BU03Basic1MRB150071R0205.
ThechoiceofbuszonecircuitsisdependentontheprimaryoptionwhichBPCwillselect.
Theprotectionschemeshallbeconfigured,testedandcommissionedaccordingtoBPCtest
procedures.

4.4.8

IsangTravelingwavefaultlocator

AdedicatedTravelingWaveFaultLocatorwithatleasttwolinemodulesshallbeinstalledon
newandexisting400kVIsangMorupuleBlines.
Theunitshallbeexpandabletoeightbaysandshallprovideextremelyprecisefaultlocation
(onespan)onmultiplelinesenablingoperationandmaintenanceengineerstorespondrapidly
toeventsandcorrectdefectsatminimumcostandmaximumefficiency.
SimilartravelingwavefaultlocatorsmustbeinstalledatMorupuleBsubstationforincreased
accuracy.Thefaultlocationisdeterminedbysoftwarethatrequiresreadingsfrombothunits
therebycompletingthedualmeasurementsystem.

4.4.9

IsangSubstationAutomationNetworkCommunications

Theexistingsubstationautomationnetworkonthe400kVsideofthesubstationisrealizedby
meansoftwoRuggedcomRSG2100Ethernetswitches.Theswitchesprovideconnectivityforthe
400kVbayIEDsandtheyarelocatedinschemeC06400kVBusCouplerAandinschemeC15
400kVBusCouplerB.

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Scheme C08
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Busbar/Line Reactor

Scheme C06
400 kV Bus Coupler A

Scheme C14
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2

Scheme C10
400 kV Bus Section 1

C14A3

C14A2
ST

ST

ST

ST

FX01

FX01

FX01

FX01

CG01

FX01

FX01

FX01

FX01

FX01

FX01

1CG01

FX01

FX01

C15 Switch

ST

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.203.7/16

C15A2

C11A2

C15A1?

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.203.1/16

C11A1

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.203.6/16

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.203.3/16

Scheme C11
400 kV Bus Section 2

ST

ST

ST

TX

ST

C07A3

400kVBZ1

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.202.5/16

C07A2

ABB REB500
172.16.202.??/16

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.202.4/16

C07A1

400 kV Bus Zone

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

LC

ST

ST

ST

ST

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.2/16

Scheme C07
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.203.5/16

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.203.4/16

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.203.2/16

LC

LC

ST

ST

ST

ST

C06 Switch

C14A1

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.16/16

M2: Siemens 7SA632


172.16.202.14/16

C10A2

C09A3

M1: ABB REL670


172.16.202.15/16

C10A1

C09A2

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.??/16

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.202.17/16

C09A1
ST

ST

ST

SFP

ST

LC

FX01

LC

FX01

SFP

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.202.8/16

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.202.6/16

ST

ST

ST

ST

FX01

C08A3

C08A2

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.1/16

C08A1

C06A2

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.202.3/16

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.7/16

C06A1

FX01

Scheme C09
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Feeder

Scheme C15
400 kV Bus Coupler B

Figure45:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkExisting

Theadditionofthenewbayswillrequireanadditionalswitchwhichistobeinstalledintheline
reactorpanelasshownbelow:

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Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 2
Line Reactor

Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 2
Busbar/Line Reactor

Scheme C08
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Busbar/Line Reactor

Scheme C06
400 kV Bus Coupler A

Scheme C14
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2

CG01

FX01

FX01

FX01

1CG01

FX01

FX01

C15 Switch

ST

ST

C15A2

C11A2

C15A1?

C11A1

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.203.7/16

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.203.1/16

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.203.6/16

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.203.3/16

400kVBZ1

Scheme C11
400 kV Bus Section 2

ST

ST

TX

ST

ST

ABB REB500
172.16.202.??/16

C07A3

400 kV Bus Zone

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

LC

C07A2

C??A3

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.202.5/16

C??A2

C07A1

M2: Siemens 7SA632


172.16.202.14/16

C??A1

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.202.4/16

M1: ABB REL670


172.16.202.15/16

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.2/16

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.??/16

Scheme C07
400/220/22 kV 315 MVA
Transformer T2

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.203.5/16

FX01

FX01

C14A3

FX01

FX01

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.203.4/16

ST

ST

ST

ST

LC

LC

ST

ST

ST

ST

FX01

FX01

C14A2

C14A1
Control: ABB REC670
172.16.203.2/16

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.??.??/16

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.16/16

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.??.??/16

C10A2

C??A2

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.??.??/16

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.202.17/16

C??A1

M2: Siemens 7SA632


172.16.202.14/16

C10A1

C09A3

M1: ABB REL670


172.16.202.15/16

C??A3

C09A2

C06 Switch

Scheme C10
400 kV Bus Section 1

FX01

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

LC

ST

ST

ST

ST

Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 2
Feeder

SFP

SFP

ST

FX01

ST

FX01

FX01

ST

FX01

FX01

ST

FX01

FX01

LC

FX01

SFP

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.??/16

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.202.8/16

SFP

FX01

LC

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

ST

LC

LC

ST

ST

ST

ST

FX01

FX01

Scheme C??
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Line Reactor

C09A1

C08A3

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.202.6/16

M2+Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.1/16

C08A2

C06A2

M1: ABB REC670


172.16.202.3/16

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.202.7/16

C06A1

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.??.??/16

C08A1

C??A3

M2: ABB RET670


172.16.??.??/16

C??A2

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.??.??/16

M1: ABB RET670


172.16.??.??/16

C??A3

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.??.??/16

Control: ABB REC670


172.16.??.??/16

C??A2

C??A1

C??A1

New Switch

FX01

Scheme C09
400 kV Morupule B No. 1
Feeder

Scheme C15
400 kV Bus Coupler B

Figure46:400kVSubstationAutomationNetworkProposed

TheproposednetworkexpansiondiagramisasuggestedconnectivityoptionanddoesnotconsiderIP
addressesastheIPaddressesthatwillneedtobeallocatedtothenewIEDsmustbemanagedcarefully
andmustbeconsideredwithinthecontextoftheoverallsubstationIPaddressplan.

Theproposednetworkswitchshallbeidenticalinconfigurationtotheexistingnetworkswitchesand
theanticipatedordercodeisRSG2100FRMHIPHIPFX01FX01FX01FX01FG511FG51FX01
FX01FX01FX01.

4.4.10

IsangIEC61850Requirements

4.4.10.1 NamingandConventions

AdatasetcontainingFunctionallyConstrainedDataAttributeitemsshallbenamedaccording
toitsintendedpurposeonceassociatedwithaGOOSEControlBlock.Forexample,adataset
containing items to be used for interlocking may be called CTRL or ILOCK and a dataset
containingitemstobeusedfortrippingpurposes(includingbreakerfail)maybecalledTRIPS.
AGOOSEControlBlockshallbeconfiguredaccordingtothefollowing:
o TheMACaddressshallreflectthesourcebaynumberinthelastbyteofthemulticast
MACaddress.Thenumbershalldepictthedecimalnumberofthebay.Thisisdone
toassistinlocatingGOOSEmessagesinmonitoringtoolssuchasWireshark.

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o
o
o

TheAppIDfieldshallbestructuredtoindicatethesourcebaynumberinthefirstbyte
andtheGOOSEinstanceinthesecondbyte.
The GOOSE VLAN ID and Priority shall be as shown agreed in the detailed design
phase.
TheGOOSEApplicationID(GoID)shallbenamedbyusingauniquebayidentifier.
Furthermore,iftheprimarypurposeoftheGOOSEmessageisfortripsignalling,
thenthenameshallreflectsuch.

4.4.10.2 IEC61850GOOSEDatasetcontents
TheitemsinadatasettobeassociatedtoaGOOSEControlBlockshallbesourcedfromthelogical
nodethatdescribesthefunctionalityandshallnotbetakenviatheDisturbanceRecorderfunction
blockfirst.Forexample,anearthswitchpositionshallbesourcedfromthePosDPC(STFC)ofthe
XSWIlogicalnode.

Figure47:GooseDatasetContents

4.4.10.3 IEC61850GOOSEControlBlockandDatasetlocations

AllDatasetsandGOOSEControlBlocksforanIEDshallbelocatedinLLN0ofLogicalDevice0
(LD0)ofsaidIED.

4.4.10.4 IEDLogicrequirements

4.4.11

ThelogicassociatedwithanIEDshallbeperformedintheIEDitself.Nologicshallbepartially
implemented in the GOOSE transmitting IED as this makes troubleshooting extremely
cumbersome.
Allinputs(physicalaswellasGOOSEvirtualinputs)shallbemodelledbypassingtheinputsto
theappropriatefunctionblockreflectingtheIEC61850LogicalNodethatrepresentthesignal.

IsangOtherSecondarySystems

Thefollowingadditionalsecondarysystemschanges/upgradesarerequired:

ACdistributionTherearenotenoughsparecircuitsavailableontheACboardforthe
newbays.ThecontractorwillberequiredtoinstalladditionalMCBsandassociated
wiring.Thereissufficientblankspace.

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Theexisting400VGenerator250KVAmustberelocatedtoprovidespacefornewLine
Reactorandshouldbetestedandcommissioned.Theexistingcablescanbereused
sincetheequipmentwillbemovedclosertotheControlRoom.

110Vdc distribution board There are not enough circuits available on the two
110Vdcboardsforthenewbays.Thecontractorwillberequiredtoinstalladditional
MCBsandassociatedwiringonthetwodistributionboardsalthoughtheboardhave
suitableblankspacetoaccommodatethecircuitbreakers.

110Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) None. The existing battery capacity is
adequatefortheadditionalbays.

48Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) None. The existing battery capacity is
adequatefortheadditionaltelecommunicationsmodules.

StatisticalmeteringNotapplicableforthe400kVsystematBPC.

QualityofSupplymeteringNotapplicable.

Substation Automation and SCADA New bays to be added to the substation


IEC61850SystemConfigurationDescription(SCD).Additionalsignalsfromthenew
baystobeaddedtotheRTU560gatewayandcommissionedtotheNCC.

Figure48:ABBRTU560,MeinbergGPSandRuggedcomSwitchatIsang

Substation HMI Additional bays to be added to the substation HMI (ABB


MicroSCADA) and commissioned. All relevant displays to be updated and the new
displaysaretobeadded.Alarmsdatabase,eventdatabaseandtrenddatabasetobe
updatedaccordingly.

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Figure49:IsangsubstationHMIshowing400kVOverview

4.4.12

IsangTelecommunications

Anew48fibreOPGWcableistobeinstalledonthenewIsangMorupuleBline.
Inordertomaintainconsistency,thenew400kVMorupuleBNo.2FeederMain1
and Main 2 impedance protection IEDs will connect via hard wiring to the
multiplexerTEBITmodule.
ThissolutionwillrequirenewcardsfortheABBFOX515multiplexerdesignated
ISANG 220 and for the new ABB FOX615 multiplexer that will replace the
existingISANG400multiplexerpriortocommencementoftheworks.
AnewABBFOX515TEBIT(Teleprotectionandbinaryinterface)moduleistobe
installedintheISANG220Multiplexerforconnectiontothe400kVMorupuleB
No.2FeedersMain2IED.
A new FOX615 TEPI1 (Teleprotection and binary interface) module is to be
installedinthenewFOX615ISANG400Multiplexerforconnectiontothe400kV
MorupuleBNo.2FeedersMain1IED.
ThismodulewillbeusedtoprovideanewSTM4connectiontoMorupuleBina
1+1configuration.
Duetothelinelength,opticalamplificationwillbeprovidedbyaPadtecMultipad
MPD1200 optical transport fitted with 1 x SPVL1 Supervisor Module, 1 x
T06DC571BRP4L module, 1 x BOA1CZ71AFAH module and 1 x POA1C141AFAH
moduleaspertheexistingsolutionusedonthe400kVMorupuleBNo.1feeder.
Please refer to the Morupule A, Morupule B and Isang Telecommunications
Overview diagrams for integration requirements and please note that the
ISANG400unitindicatedasaFOX515onthedrawingistobereplacedwitha
FOX615priortocommencementoftheworks.

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Figure410:ISANG220MultiplexerPanel

Figure411:OPGWPatchPanelsinFIBREREGENEQUIPMENTPanel

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Figure412:ISANG400MultiplexerPanel

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4.4.13

IsangConceptualControlRoomLayout

Figure413:Isangconceptualcontrolroomlayout

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4.5

ScopeofSecondaryPlantMorupuleBPowerStation400kVHV
Yard

4.5.1

Background

MorupuleBpowerstationisacoalfiredpowerstationlocatedabout265kmnortheastofGaborone,
nearPalapye.Itcomprisesfour150MWunits(600MWcapacity)andpowerisevacuatedthrougha
400kVHVyard.ThepowerstationwascompletedinJune2014bytheplantcontractorChinaNational
ElectricEquipmentCorporation(CNEEC)andlaterSTEAGEnergyServices.Theplanistoincreasethe
capacityofMorupuleBbyaddingupto300MWadditionalcapacitytoMorupuleB.

TheHVyardmakesuseofadoublebusbarconfiguration.Thereisadedicatedtransferbusbarinuse.
Thebusbarsareratedforfaultcurrentsofupto50kA.

Typicalcontrolroompaneldimensionsare800mm(w)x600mm(d)x2400mm(h)althoughpanel
dimensionsandcoloursRAL7035.

4.5.2

ApplicableSpecifications

SecondaryPlantGeneralRequirements

P1887373806138030905034101

ReactorProtectionIED

P1887373806138030905034201

ReactorBayBCU

P1887373806138030905034202

ReactorProtectionScheme

P1887373806138030905034205

EHVFeederBCU

P1887373806138030905034301

EHVFeederProtectionScheme

P1887373806138030905034303

EHVFeederImpedanceProtectionIED

P1887373806138030905034304

OutdoorBusZoneProtection(LowImpedance)

P1887373806138030905034402

BusCouplerProtectionIED

P1887373806138030905034501

BusCouplerProtectionScheme

P1887373806138030905034502

110Vdc(DuplicateSupply)

P1887373806138030905034701

400VacBoard

P1887373806138030905034801

StatsMetering(BCPSpecutilised)

P1887373806138030905034901

TerminalBlocks

P1887373806138030905035001

Gateway&HMI

P1887373806138030905035101

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4.5.3

ScopeofproposedadditionsatMorupuleB

4.5.3.1

MorupuleBIsangNo.2FeederProtectionScheme

A new 400kV line to Isang will be connected to the HV yard and use will be made of the
existingsparelinebay.
400kVSpareLineProtection(3panelprotectionsuite)

PanelA:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREL670[1MRK002812AC](Designated:PROTQ13FP1)
ZYQ12CVoltageSwitchBoxManufacturedbyAchengRelayCo.Ltd

Figure414:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelA)

PanelB:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREL670[1MRK002812AC](Designated:PROTQ03FP2)
ZYQ12CVoltageSwitchBoxManufacturedbyAchengRelayCo.Ltd

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Figure415:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelB)

PanelC:800x600swingframe
ProtectionIED:ABBREC670[1MRK002814AC](Designated:PROTQ12FP3)
PanelPC(Advantech)
ODESROB111A

Figure416:SpareLineProtectionScheme(PanelC)

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The feeder protection exists and the bay is fully equipped. The existing scheme with
associatedcontrolIEDs(inNCSMonitoredandControlledPanelD)ispresentlyidentifiedas
SPARE.
AsperBPCsrequirementsTPISswitchesarerequiredonbothMainteleprotectioncircuits.
ThechannelsthatmustbeprovidedforareDirectTransferTripSend(DTTS),DirectTransfer
Trip Receive (DTTR), Permissive Send, Permissive Receive, Earth Fault Protection Send and
EarthFaultProtectionReceive.Theexistingschemeshallneedtobemodifiedaccordingly.
Theschemesfullfunctionallyincludingbreaker transfershall betestedandproven inthis
contract. All labels, protection settings, relay logics, ancillary supplies, cables etc. shall be
deemedincludedinthecontract.
Theschemefunctionaloperationandtransferfacilitiesmustbeprovedutilisingthetransfer
buscoupler.
The line reactor tripping and breaker failure must be proved with the feeder protection
schemeandintegrated.Similarly,shallthestandbyLineReactor/Busbarreactortrippingbe
provedwhenutilisedasalinereactorinconjunctionwiththefeederprotectionscheme.
Adedicated50MVArlinereactorshallbeinstalled.Forsinglepolereclosingpurposes,thereactor
specificationshallrequireaneuralgroundingreactortofacilitatesinglephaseautoreclose.The
NGRisusedtocancelthecapacitivecomponentofthesecondaryarccurrent.Inordertocancel
thecapacitivecurrent,theinductiveandcapacitivebranchesmustresonate.

4.5.3.2

MorupuleBIsangNo.2LineReactorProtectionScheme

Anew400kV,50MVArdedicatedlinereactoristobeinstalledatMorupuleBonthenewIsang
No.2feeder.
Asthereisnoexistingprotectionforasparelinereactorandduetospaceconstraintspreventing
theadditionofalinereactorschemenexttothesparelinebay,itisproposedtoinstalla2panel
line reactor scheme in the control room in a panel row with sufficient space as shown in the
controlroomphotographbelowandasindicatedonthecontrolroomoverview.

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Figure417:Controlroomspaceconstraints

Duetothepresentcontrolroomlayout,itwillnotbepossibletopositionthepanelsinthecontrol
roomtomirrorthegeographicpositionsofthebaysintheyard.DesignationonControlRoom
LayoutDrawing(F5582ZD070101)willbe41P42P.

Forthepurposesofsimplifyingtheintegrationchallengesassociatedwiththeadditionofthenew
bayintheexistingcontrolroom,itisproposedthatthesameschemebeinstalledasproposedfor
Isang.Theschemeshallcompriseofthefollowing:
400kVIsangLine2LineReactor(2panelprotectionandcontrolsuite)

ControlPanel:800x600swingframewithglassdoor
ControlIED:ABBREC670
Main2IED:ABBRET670
6xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain2Protection[HVREF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain2Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main2Protection[NeutralREF])
1xCTTestBlock(HVMeasurements)
1xVTTestBlock(Main2Protection400kVLineCVT)
1xVTTestBlock(HVMeasurements400kVLineCVT)
M2MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest

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MasterTripReset
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M2Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs
RelayPanel:800x600swingframewithglassdoor
Main1IED:ABBRET670
4xPK24waytestblocks
1xCTTestBlock(HVMain1Protection[HVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(MVMain1Protection[MVDiff,O/C,EF])
1xCTTestBlock(Main1Protection[HVO/CandEF])
1xVTTestBlock(Main1Protection400kVLineCVT)
M1MasterTripRelay
HVTripTest
Auxiliaryrelays
TripTestPoints
M1Test/NormalSwitch
LampCheckPushButton
MCBs

Table49:BayControlIEDfunctionality

Item Functionality
1

PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
3I>

ANSI
Reference
50,51

Comment

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Synchronising

SYNC

25

Autoreclosing

OI

79

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Breakerfailure

3I>BF

50BF

WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker

Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

OperatingMimic

Yes

PushbuttonsandLEDs

Yes

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TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

ParallelRedundancyProtocol

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Table410:Main1andMain2ProtectionIEDfunctionality

Item

Functionality

ANSI
Reference
87T

REFPDIF

87N

Differentialprotection,two
winding
Restrictedearthfault
protection,lowimpedance
PhaseOvercurrent

IEC
Reference
T2WPDIF

3I>

50,51

EarthFault

I0>

51N

Negativesequence

I2>

67,67N

Switchontofault

SOTF

50HS

Undervoltage

U<

27

Overvoltage

U>

59

Overxcitationprotection

U/f>

24

10

PoleDiscordance

52PD

11

Overfrequency

f>

81O

12

Underfrequency

f<

81U

12

Rateofchangefrequency
protection
Breakerfailure

ROCOF

81

3I>BF

50BF

WiredtofeederDTTS
functionandtrip
feederbreaker

I2>

46

14

15

Comment

Negativesequenceover
current
Monitoringfunctions

Required(includingbreakermonitoring)

Oscillographicfaultrecording

Yes

Eventrecordingandlogging

Yes

Tripcoilsupervision

Yes

Measuredvaluesupervision

Yes

TimeSynchronization

Timesynchronizationaccurateto1msbymeansof
IEEE1588v2PowerProfile(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP

Communications

IEC61850MMSandGOOSEoverdualmultimodefibre
opticinterfaces

LANCommunications
redundancy

ParallelRedundancyProtocol

Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotectiondevices.Theyshall
providefortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications:

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Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip).

Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoilandwinding
temperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.Themeasuredquantities
shallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailabletothegatewayandHMI.

AllbaycontrolsandschemealarmsshallberealisedutilisingtheControlIED/BayControlUnit(viz.
ABBREC670).Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.

Thelinereactorbreakerfailureprotectionwillinitiatethefeederbreakerfailureandinitiatea
transfertrippingsignaltotheremoteendviathefeederprotectionteleprotectionsignallingsystem.
Thisfunctionalitywillbetestedandproved.

Anysupplyfailureoranyrelayfailureinthecontrolcircuits,oranyabnormalswitchstateshall
illuminatethePanelNotHealthyindicationlamp.

ThefollowingDCcircuitswillbemonitored:
a) Main1DC;
b) Main2DC;
c) SpringrewindDC;
d) ClosingDC;
e) IndicationsDC;
f) MotorisedIsolatorsDC.
ReactorExplosionandFireProtection
ThereactorexplosionandfireprotectionistoberealisedbymeansoftheSergiTransformerProtector
solution.TheSergi TPpanelisto beinstalledinthecontrolroomasshown ontheControlRoom
Layout Drawing (F5582ZD070101) will be 42P. Integration with the protection scheme shall be
included.
DissolvedGasAnalysis
Thereactorshallbemonitoredbymeansofadedicateddissolvedgasanalyser.Communicationsfrom
theunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.
ACandDCpowersupplies
ACsupplyTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromadedicatedcircuitinthestationACboard,suitably
protectedbyadedicatedMCCB,usinga4core4mm2armouredcable.

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110VdcsuppliesTheschemeshallbesuppliedfromboththeMain1andMain2110Vdcboards.A
dedicated,suitablyratedminiaturecircuitbreakerineachDCboardshallsupplytheschemeusinga4
core4mm2armouredcablefromeachboard.

4.5.3.3

Existing400kVBusZoneProtection

400kVBusProtection(2panelprotectionsuite)

PanelA:800x600swingframe

ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
PanelB:800x600swingframe

ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
ProtectionIED:ABBREB670[1MRK004820CC]
PanelPC(Advantech)

Thenewsubstationextensionwillbeconnectedtotheexisting400kVBusZoneusingthenew
400kV Bus Section 1 and 400kV Bus Section 2 Current Transformers. This will allow the
400kVBusZoneschemesineachcontrolroomtoremainbalancedandindependent.
TheexistinglowimpedancebusbarprotectionschemedoesnotneedanyadditionalIEDsas
theexistingIEDscanaccommodatetheCTconnectionsfromthenewbussections.
TrippingofthetwonewbussectionbreakersbytheexistingBusZonewillbefacilitatedbyan
auxiliaryrelaywhichshallbeoperatedbythe110Vdcsupplyfromthenewcontrolroomso
asnottoriskparallelingstationDCsupplies.Allchangestorelaysettings,relaylogics,cabling,
wiring,mimicsetc.shallbeincludedinthiscontracttoprovideafunctionalcompletesystem

4.5.3.4

ExistingControlRoomConsiderations

Fortheexistingcontrolroom,thefollowingadditionalsecondarysystemschanges/upgradesare
required:

ACdistributionNone.ThereareenoughcircuitsavailableontheACboardforthe
newbays.

DCdistributionNone.Thereareenoughcircuitsavailableonthe110Vdcboardfor
thenewIsang2LineReactorbay.

110 Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) The existing 110Vdc chargers and
batteriesaresuitabletoaccommodatethenewIsang2LineReactorscheme.

48 Vdc systems (Chargers and Batteries) None. The existing battery capacity is
adequatefortheadditionaltelecommunicationsmodules.

QualityofSupplymeteringNotapplicable.

SubstationAutomationandSCADANewbaytobeaddedtotheexistingHVyard
substationshallutiliseIEC61850.Assuch,theexistingCOM600infrastructureshall
bereconfiguredtoaccommodatethenewlinereactorbay.Additionalandexisting

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signalsfromthenewlinereactorbayandthenewIsangfeedershallbecommissioned
totheNCC.
Theexistingequipmentforthispurposeis:
RTUandCommunications(2panelsuite)

Panel[400kVCommonDevicePanel]:800x600swingframe

ABBRTU560(2x560CMU05)
4xRuggedcomRSG2100EthernetSwitches
Panel[RemoteCommunicationsServerPanel]:800x600swingframe

3xABBSYS600C
GPSpanel

Panel:800x600swingframe

KEHUITGPS81A(ShandongkehuiPowerAutomationCo.Ltd.)
StationmimicTheIsangno1linereactorbayandtwoBusSectionsmustbeadded
totheexistingtiledmimicandcommissionedaccordingly.Itisnotrequiredtoextend
theexistingelectronickeyinterlockingschemeforthelinereactor.ThetwonewBus
Sectionsonlyindicationisrequiredonthemimic.ControlisfromthenewSubstation
ControlHMIandprotectionscheme.

Figure418:Tiledwallmimic

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Figure419:Detailedviewoftiledwallmimic

StationHMI

TheexistingHVyardisalsooperatedviaanABBMicroSCADAHMI.

The new Isang No. 2 line reactor bay is to be added to the existing HMI and
commissionedaccordingly.

Aviewonlynodeshallbeinstalledinthenewcontrolroomsothatitispossible
toviewtheexistingHVyardfromthenewcontrolroom.

AviewonlynodefromthenewcontrolroomsubstationHMIshallbeinstalledin
theexistingcontrolroomsuchthatitispossibletoviewthenewHVyardfrom
theexistingcontrolroom.

TelecommunicationsAnew48fibreOPGWcableistobeinstalledonthenewIsang
No.2line.Thenew400kVIsangNo.2FeederMain1andMain2protectionIEDsshall
beconnectedviatheABBFOXmultiplexer(s)forteleprotectionpurposesasshownin
thetelecommunicationsoverviewdiagramoptions(Figure421).Theexistingfibre
patchpanel cabinet canaccommodatethenewfibrepatchpanelfor theaforesaid
Isang2FeederOPGWcable.

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4.5.3.5

MorupuleBExistingControlRoomLayout

Figure420:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptualLayout

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4.5.4

o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Scopeofproposednewworks

Anew400kVHVyardextensionisrequiredatMorupuleB.Theextendedyardisrequiredto
facilitatetheconnectionof
twonew150MWgenerators,
anewstationtransformer,
anew400kVlinetoLetlhakane(withoutlinereactor),
anew50MVArbusbarreactor,
aspare400kVfeederbay(withlinereactor),
buscouplerand
atransfercoupler.
Thebusbarextensionshallbeimplementedbymeansoftwo400kVbussectionsforthetwo
mainbusbars(designatedMainandReserve).
Thenewportionofplantwillhaveatransferbusbarthatisnotcoupledtotheexistingtransfer
busbar. Transfer will be provided on each busbar section independently by the transfer
coupleronthecorrespondingsideofthestation.
Thenewextensionofthestationshallbetreatedmostlyindependentlyoftheexistingstation.
Thebuszoneschemeswillbeindependentofeachotherandwillbebalancedthroughthe
CTsonthetwobussectionsonthemainandreservebusbars.
Allnewsecondaryplantequipmentrequiredforthenewbays(includingthebussections)in
theextended400kVyardshallbeinstalledinanewcontrolroom.
Generator protection excluded from the scope of this design. The station auxiliary
transformerprotectionisalsoexcludedfromthescopeofthisdesign.
Anewbuszoneschemeisalsotobeinstalledinthenewcontrolroom.Dedicatedcurrent
transformerscoresonthenewbussectionswillalsobeconnectedtotheexistingbuszone
schemeintheexistingcontrolroomtoensurethatthebuszoneremainbalanced.Similarly,
dedicatedCTcoreswillconnecttothenewyardextensionbuszoneprotectionscheme.
Allinterfacesbetweentheyardequipmentandcontrolandprotectionschemeslocatedinthe
control room shall be realised via dedicated yard control boxes with suitable protection
againstdust,rainandverminingress.Provisionshallbeprovedtoearthallcablecoresnot
utilizedandnumberedaccordinglyondedicatedearthbarslocatedinthetopsectionofthe
yardcontrolbox

4.5.4.1

400kVFeederSchemes

Overview

The feeder protection scheme shall be a twopanel suite providing protection and
controlfunctionality.TheschemeshallcompriseofdualmainprotectionIEDsandone
BayControlUnit.

TheBCUshallbeequippedwithbackupprotectionfunctionssoastoprovidebackup
protectionfunctionality.Thefeederprotectionschemewillprovidesingleandthree
poletrippingfacilitieswithtransfer,autorecloseandsynchronising.Thefacilitiesshall
beselectableviacontrolswitchesorpreferablyIEDpushbuttons.

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Local/Remote(Supervisoryisolation)shallbeeffectedbymeansofpushbuttonson
theBCUoraphysicalswitchonthepanelasperBPCspreference.

ProposedcontrolroompositionsatC07andC10asperFigure422.

FeederProtection

The400kVoverheadlineshallbeprotectedwiththeuseofthefollowingprotection
andrelatedfunctions:
Distanceprotection
Overcurrentprotection
Earthfaultprotectioninearthedsystems
Breakerfailure
Overvoltage
InstantaneoushighcurrentSwitchOntoFault(SOTF)protection
Linecheck
Permissivetripping
Intertripping
AutoReclose(1&3p)
Synchronising
Weakinfeedtripping
Powerswingdetection
Faultlocation
DirectionalBackupTimeOvercurrentprotection
Negativephasesequenceprotection
Thefeederschemeshallsupportsinglepoleandthreepoletrippingfunctionality.

Thefeederschemeshallsupportautoreclosefunctionalitytominimisetheduration
ofoutages.Afaultaffectingonlyasinglephasewillresultinasinglepoletripfollowed
byanautorecloseofthebreakerafteradefinedtimedelay.Afaultthatpersistsor
whichinvolvesmultiplephaseselectorswillresultina3poletripandthelockoutof
theautoreclosefunction.Autoreclosefunctionscanbeconfiguredtomeetavariety
ofdifferentneedsandthesequencecanthusbeadjustedaccordingly.

The400kVbreakerisrequiredtoincorporatetransferfacilitiesintheeventthatthe
breaker is put on bypass. The transfer facilities are to work in tandem with the
dedicatedtransferbuscouplerscheme.Allflipflopandauxiliaryrelaysrequiredto
switchDCsuppliesshallformpartofthescheme.Thebaycontrollerwillnotformpart
oftransferfacility.

ThelinedistanceprotectionwillcommunicateviatheoverheadlineOPGW(Optical
GroundWire)fibreopticmediumandmultiplexer.

Thisprotectioncatersforalltypesoffaultsindicativetooverheadlinesand would
typicallyoperatewithin30ms.

Anyendzonefaultshalltransmitadirectintertriptotheremoteendwithoutbus
zonetripwhenthecircuitbreakerisopen.

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Thebreakerfailfunctionresultingfromabreakerthatisunabletotripshallinitiatea
busstripconditiontothelocalbuszoneprotectionandadirectintertripsignaltothe
remoteendtoenablethefaulttobecleared.Itshallbepossibletoisolatebreaker
failsignallingviaGOOSEwithapushbuttonontheIED.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

Theprotectionschemeshallprovidethefollowingswitchesorbuttonsforfunctional
selection:

MainDCOn/Off(M1&M2)
Breakerfailisolate/test(M1&M2
ProtectionOnTest(M1&M2)
AutoRecloseOn/Off(M1&M2)
TeleprotectionIsolate(M1&M2)

FeederBayControlandBackupProtection

Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:
BayControlUnit/EmergencyControlPanel;and
EmergencyTripPushButton.
TheBayControlunitshallbeusedtoprovideoperationalcontroltothecircuitbreaker
andmotorisedisolators,ifapplicable.

It will also provide automatic reclosing, switchontofault, synchronising, breaker


monitoringandbreakerfailfunctionality.

ThebaycontrolIEDshallalsoincludetheovercurrentandearthfaultfunctionality.
These functions shall be used in a definite time and/or inverse definite mean time
(IDMT)mode,providingdefinitetimeortimedelayedtrippingwiththeactualtriptime
dependentonthefaultlevel.

Thebreakerfailfunctionshallinitiateabusstripconditiontothebuszoneprotection.

Thebaycontrollershallincludeasimple,singlelinemimicdiagram,alarminformation,
measured analogue quantities, sequence of events, interlocking, automated
sequencing,etc.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

TheBCUshallprovidethefollowingbuttonsforfunctionalselection:
Breakerfailisolate

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ProtectionOnTest
AutoRecloseOn/Off
Local/Remotecontrol
AutoRecloseMode
Transferpermission
Local/RemoteControlOn/Off(SupervisoryIsolate)

Travelingwavefaultlocator

DoubleendeddedicatedTravelingWaveFaultLocatorwithatleasttwolinemodules
shallbeinstalledtoaccommodatetheIsang1and2lines.

Theunitshallbeexpandabletoeightbaysandshallprovideextremelyprecisefault
locationonmultiplelinesenablingoperationandmaintenanceengineerstorespond
rapidlytoeventsandcorrectdefectsatminimumcostandmaximumefficiency.

4.5.4.2

400kVBusbarReactor

Overview

The busbar reactor scheme will comprise of 3 IEDs (two being protection and one
control).

Theschemeshallprovideprotectionforthe50MVArbusbarreactor.

ProposedcontrolroompositionatC09asperFigure422.

BusbarReactorProtection

The 400kV 50MVAr busbar reactor shall be protected utilising the following
protectionandrelatedfunctions:
Differential;
LowImpedanceRestrictedEarthFault(REF)fortheEHVwindings;
Sustainedearthfault;
InstantaneousandIDMTOvercurrentandEarthFault;
Breakerfailure;
Overfluxingprotection;
Overvoltageprotection.
Theschemeshallmakeprovisionforthefollowinginputsfromthemainprotection
devices:
Windingandoiltemperature(alarmandtrip);
Pressurerelief(trip);
Buchholz(alarmandtrip);
Dualmaindifferentialfunctionalityshallbeimplementedtocaterforphasetophase
faults;whilstrestrictedearthfaultfunctionalitywillbeusedtocaterforsinglephase
toearthfaultsclosetothestarpointofthereactorwinding.

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Multifunction IEDs shall be used, combining differential, restricted earth fault,


sustained earth fault and overcurrent and earth fault functions. The differential
protectionshallbeconnectedtothecurrenttransformersintheyardandLVbushing
CTswhilsttherestrictedearthfaultwillutilisethemainreactorHVandLVbushing
CTs.

HighimpedanceREForanalternativelowImpedanceIEDcouldbeprovidedshould
thedifferentialprotectionIEDnotcaterfordedicatedREFcurrenttransformerinputs.

Sustainedearthfaultfunctionalitywillbeachievedbymonitoringthesmallneutral
currentontheEHVconnectionofthereactor.Thecurrenttransformerratioshallbe
adequatelyspecified.

HVandMVinstantaneousandIDMTovercurrentandearthfaultfunctionalityshallbe
usedtocaterforbushingand/orcloseupfaults,whilsttheIDMTelementsshallcater
forthroughfaultconditions.

TheprotectionschemeshallincorporateinputandoutputcapabilityfortheBuchholz,
windingtemperature,oiltemperatureandpressurereliefdevices.Theyshallprovide
fortripping,alarmsandallnecessaryindications.

Thebreakerfailfunctionshallinitiateabusstripconditiontotherelevantbuszone
protection. The IED shall make provision to isolate breaker failure for testing
purposes.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

Allcurrentandvoltagetransformercircuitsshallbeconnectedviatestblockstothe
IEDs.Theinsertionofatestblockplugorhandleshallnotcauseanytripcondition
whenthereactorisonload.

Theprotectionschemeshallmakeadequateprovisionfortestingandcommissioning
facilitieswiththeprovisionoftestpointswitches,etc.

Theprotectionschemeshallmakeprovisiontoaccommodate020mAinputsfromoil
andwindingtemperaturedevices.Thesedevicesshallbeabletobecalibratedonsite.
ThemeasuredquantitiesshallbedisplayedontheBCUandshallbemadeavailableto
thegatewayandHMI.

The protection scheme shall provide the following switches buttons for functional
selection:

MainDCOn/Off(M1&M2)
Breakerfailisolate/test(M1&M2)
ProtectionOnTest(M1&M2)
The400kVbreakerisrequiredtoincorporatetransferfacilitiesintheeventthatthe
breakerisputontransfer.(BreakerMaintenance).Thetransferfacilitiesaretowork
intandemwiththededicatedtransferbuscouplerscheme.Allflipflopandauxiliary

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relaysrequiredtoperformtransferDCsuppliesandtrippingsignalsincludingbreaker
statusshallformpartofthescheme.Thebaycontrollerwillnotformpartoftransfer
facility.

The reactor bay is required to incorporate transfer facilities in the event that the
reactorisusedaslinereactorononeofthelinesutilisingthetransferisolatorwhile
the reactor breaker is open including the Main and Reserve Busbar isolators. The
protectiontrippingofthereactormustbelinkedtothededicatedfeederprotection
andbreakerviaflipfloprelaysassociatedwithfeederbayandbreaker.Allflipflopand
auxiliaryrelaysrequiredtoperformtransferDCsuppliesandtrippingsignalsincluding
breakerstatusshallformpartofthescheme.Thebaycontrollerwillnotformpartof
transferfacility.

BusbarReactorBayControl

Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:

BayControlUnit;and
EmergencyTripPushButton.
TheBayControlunitshallbeusedtoprovideoperationalcontroltothecircuitbreaker
andmotorisedisolators,andshallalsoincludethebreakerfail,overcurrentandearth
faultfunctionsforboththereactor.

Thebaycontrollershallincludeasimplemimicdiagram,alarminformation,measured
analoguequantities,sequenceofevents,interlocking,automatedsequencing,etc.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

TheBCUshallprovidethefollowingbuttonsforfunctionalselection:

ReactorExplosionandFireProtection

Breakerfailisolate
ProtectionOnTest
Local/RemoteControlOn/Off(SupervisoryIsolate)
BreakerTransferpermission
TransferasLineReactor

The reactor explosion and fire protection is to be realised by means of the Sergi
TransformerProtectorsolution.TheSergiTPpanelistobeinstalledinthecontrol
roomandmaybeincorporatedwithintheprotectionscheme.

DissolvedGasAnalysis

The reactor shall be monitored by means of a dedicated dissolved gas analyser.


CommunicationsfromtheunitwillberealisedbymeansofIEC61850.

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4.5.4.3

400kVBusbars

Overview

The400kVbusbarprotectionschemeshallbeaLowImpedanceBusZonescheme.
The scheme shall be equipped for all bays in the new HV yard. The scheme shall
provide overall check zone protection and dedicated main zone protection using
isolatorandpantocontactstoidentifywhichbaysareconnectedtowhichzone.The
schemeshallbeequippedwithBayOutofServiceswitches(BOS)toisolatetripping
andtoenabletestingfacilities.

ProposedcontrolroompositionatCBZasperFigure422.

BusbarProtection

The400kVbusbarsshallbeprotectedwiththeuseofthefollowingprotectionand
relatedfunctions:
Differentialbusbarprotection
Overallcheckzoneprotection
LowimpedancebuszoneprotectionIEDsshallbecapableofprotectingmultiplebus
barzones.

Theschemeshallbecapableofacceptingexternalbreakerfailinputsaswellasbeing
abletoprovidebreakerfailfunctionalityinternaltothebuszoneprotectionIED.

Protection operation falls in the instantaneous time zone (+/ 10 to 20ms), with
overallbreakerclearanceofapproximately80ms.

Theschemeoperatesonthebasisofcurrentbalancingwithinabusbarzone.Busbar
zones are separated by means of bus couplers and bus sections and the primary
purposeistoisolateabusbarfaulttoaspecificzonethuslimitingtheimpactofthe
fault.Shouldabusbarfaultoccur,thebuszoneschemewillsignalalltheaffectedbays
thatareconnectedtothesamebusbarsegment(orzone)totrip.

A separate Transfer Zone is also used to balance the currents across the 400kV
transferbusbarandensuresthatbusbarfaultsarecorrectlydetectedandcleared.

AseparateoverallCheckZoneisalsousedtobalancethecurrentsacrosstheentire
400kVbusbarsandensuresthatbusbarfaultsarecorrectlydetectedandcleared.The
checkzoneisusedinconjunctionwiththeindividualzonetoprovideasecuretripping
(2outof2)condition.

TheBusZoneprotectionalsoensuresthatanonbusbarfaultthatcannotbecleared
bytherespectiveprotectionforthebayduetoabreakerfailconditioncanbeswiftly
clearedbythebuszoneprotection.Insuchcasesthatthebuszoneprotectionwill
signalalltheotheraffectedbayswithinthezonetotrip.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

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Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

BusZoneControlandBackupProtection

ThereisnodedicatedBayControllerIEDfortheBusZonescheme.

Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:

BayOutOfServiceswitches(BOS)
Buszoneisolate
Breakerfailureisolate
The Bay Out of Service switches are used to isolate a bay from the 400kV busbar
protectionincaseswherethebayisundertestormaintenance.Theseswitchesare
usedtopreventnuisanceandunnecessarytripsundersuchconditions.

TheBayOutofServiceswitchforabaywillalsoisolatethebreakerfailtripfunction
fromthatbay.

Each bays current transformer inputs shall be directed to the relay via a current
transformer test block. The test block shall short circuit the current transformer
inputswhenatesthandleorplugisinsertedandalsoactivatetheBOSfunction.This
actionshallnotcauseanytrip.

The scheme shall be equipped with Bus zone isolate switch to disable all tripping
functionality to bays but still measure all currents for testing and commissioning
purposes.Thiswillenabletestingofthebuszoneprotectionandmonitoringofthe
currentinthedifferentzoneswithoutcausingpowerinterruptionstothesubstation.

TheBreakerfailureisolationswitchisusedtoisolateanysignalsthatmaycauseabus
zone operation as a result of testing on a feeder, bus coupler, and reactor or
transformerbay.

The bus zone protection scheme shall accommodate two current transformer
measurementsperphaseforbuscouplers.Theseshallbesourcedfromonecurrent
transformer but separate independent cores for these bays. The one current
transformerscircuitshallthereforebefunctionallyoverlappingtoprotectforanyfault
between the current transformer and the breaker without any delay in operation.
HoweverforafaultbetweentheCTandbreakerbothzoneswillbetripped.

4.5.4.4

400kVBusCoupler/TransferBusCoupler/BusSections

Overview

Thisschemewillcompriseof3IEDsincorporatingprotectionandcontrolfunctionality.

TransferBusCouplerProtectionshallcompriseof:

OneBayControldevicewithbackupprotection
TwobackupprotectionIEDs(M1&M2)
BusCouplerandBusSectionProtectionshallcompriseof:

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BusCoupler/TransferBusCouplerBusSectionProtection

Buscouplersandbussectionsareanintegralpartofasubstationbusbarandareused
tocouplebusbarsectionstogether.Theyalsoservethepurposeofdividingthebus
barsintozonessothatthebuszoneprotectioncanisolateaportionofthebusbar
whenabusbarfaultorbusstripconditionoccurs.

Overcurrent and earth fault protection is normally switched off except during
switchingwhenitisenabledforaminimumperiodof200ms.

Intheeventofabreakerfailurebothsectionsofbusbarconnectedtothisequipment
willbeclearedbytherelevantbuszoneprotection.

Thefollowingprotectionandrelatedfunctionsshallbeused:

OneBayControldevicewithbackupprotection
TwobackupprotectionIEDs(M1&M2)
ProposedcontrolroompositionsatC01,C02,C06,andC13asperFigure422.

InstantaneousandIDMTovercurrentandearthfault;
Breakerfailure;
Thetransferbuscouplerschemeisrequiredtoincorporatetransferfacilitiesinthe
event that any bay breaker is put on bypass. The transfer facilities are to work in
tandemwiththededicatedbayschemeMain1andMain2protection.Allflipflop
and auxiliary relays required to transfer DC supplies, tripping and breaker status
indicationsrequiredforARC,intertripping,etc.,shallformpartofthetransferbus
couplerscheme.Thebaydedicatedcontrollerwillnotformpartoftransferfacilityto
providefunctionalcontrolrelatedtothebay.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

BusCoupler/TransferBusCoupler/BusSectionBayControl

The Bay Control unit shall be used to provide operational control to the circuit
breakers and motorised isolators under normal and transfer conditions, where
applicable.

The bay control unit shall include a simple mimic diagram, alarm information,
measured analogue quantities, sequence of events, interlocking, automated
sequencing,etc.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

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4.5.4.5

400kVGeneratorTransformersandStationTransformer

Overview

Thetwonewgeneratortransformerbaysandthenewstationtransformerbayshall
be equipped with switchgear. As such, the control panels for these bays shall be
requiredtofacilitateswitchingandadesignshallbeproposedbasedonthefollowing
specifications:
P1887373806138030905034202

TransformerProtectionScheme

P1887373806138030905034203

Spaceallowancehasbeenmadeintheconceptualcontrolroomlayoutforthefuture
installationoftheprotectionpanelsforthesebays.Suitablycompatibleprotection
panels will only be installed when the generation plant is constructed and the
transformersareinstalled.

EachofthecontrolpanelswillcompriseasinglecontrolIED/BayControlUnit.

ProposedcontrolroompositionsatC03A,C04AandC05AasperFigure422.

TransformerBayControl

Localcontrolattheschemeshallbeprovidedby:

BayControlUnit;and
EmergencyTripPushButton.
TheBayControlunitshallbeusedtoprovideoperationalcontroltothecircuitbreaker
andmotorisedisolators,andshallalsoincludethebreakerfail,overcurrentandearth
faultfunctions.

Thebaycontrollershallincludeasimplemimicdiagram,alarminformation,measured
analoguequantities,sequenceofevents,interlocking,automatedsequencing,etc.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.

TheBCUshallprovidethefollowingbuttonsforfunctionalselection:

Transformer/ReactorBayBCU

Breakerfailisolate
ProtectionOnTest
Local/RemoteControlOn/Off(SupervisoryIsolate)
Bypass/Transferpermission

DissolvedGasAnalysis

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4.5.4.6

4.5.4.7

4.5.4.8

Thetransformersshallbemonitoredbymeansofdedicateddissolvedgasanalysers
when installed. Communications from these units will be realised by means of
IEC61850.

SubstationControl

LocalcontrolatthesubstationsisachievedbymeansoftheBayControlUnitsineach
protectionschemeasdescribedabove.Inaddition,asubstationHMIshallbeavailable
atthesubstationforcentralisedlocalcontrolandmonitoring.

TheBayControlUnitstypicallyservethefunctionofmarshallingalarmsandsequence
ofeventsrecordsforthebay.TheBayControlUnitsshallberequiredtopresentabay
mimicformonitoringandoperatingpurposes.

Any switching sequencing as well as interlocking functionalities are also the


responsibilityofthebaycontroller.

Time synchronization accurate to 1ms by means of IEEE1588v2 Power Profile


(preferred),IRIGBor(S)NTP.

Alarmsandindicationsaretobemadeavailabletothesubstationgatewaybymeans
ofIEC61850MMSreports.

InterdevicesignallingtobeachievedbymeansofIEC61850GOOSEmessaging.The
useofGOOSEprovidesforsimplifieddataexchangeparticularlywhenthenewbays
areaddedtothesubstation.

SubstationHMI

AsubstationHMIistobeusedformonitoringandcontrolwiththeaimofensuring
safetyandminimisingoperatingerrors.

TheHMIshallbeindependentoftheexistingHMIandwillhavecontrolauthorityonly
forthenewsubstationextension.

TheHMIshallbeindependentofthegatewaydevices.

AviewonlynodefromtheexistingABBMicroSCADAthatispresentlyinstalledin
theexistingHVyardoperatingroomwillalsobeinstalledinthenewcontrolroom.

AviewonlyHMInodeofthenewsubstationHMIshallbeinstalledintheexisting
controlroombuildingtofacilitateoperating.

TheHMIshallbefurtherextendedtomanagecomplicatedswitchingsequencesthat
areoftenpronetoerror.

EngineeringWorkstation

TheEngineeringWorkstation(EWS)shallprovideallthenecessaryfunctionalityand
graphicalinterfaceforconfiguring,managingandcollectinginformationandrecords
fromtheSubstationAutomationSystem(SAS).

The EWS will also provide Remote Desktop/terminal services capabilities so that
authoriseduserscanremotelyaccesstheSASviathisworkstation.

TheEWSshallberequiredto:

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4.5.4.9

Provideacentralonsiterepositoryoftheconfigurationmanagementforthe
SASsystemcomponentconfigurations.

StorageanddisplayofdisturbancerecordsAllrecordeddatafromtheIEDsand
BCUs with integrated disturbance recorders as well as dedicated disturbance
recordingsystemsshallbeautomaticallyuploadedviaIEC61850(eventtriggered
oronceperday)totheEWSandstoredonthemassstoragedevice;

DisturbanceanalysisTheEWSshallhaveallthenecessarysoftwaretoevaluate
alltherequiredinformationforproperpostfaultanalysis;

IEDandBCUparametersettingsItshallbepossibletoaccessalltheProtection
IEDsandBCUsforreadingtheparameters(settings)fromtheEWS.Thesetting
ofparametersortheactivationofparametersetsshallonlybeallowedfromthe
EWSafterauthenticatingandauthorizingtheuserappropriately;

TheEWSshallberackmountableandshallbemountedintheGatewayPanel.

TheEWSshallcommunicateviaIEC61850toalltheBCUsandIEDsintheSAS.
SNMP and RMON shall be used to communicate with the substation LAN
equipment.

RemoteControl

Remote control shall be facilitated by means of dualredundant communication


gateways at the new HV yard control room that will be connected to the National
ControlCentrebymeansoftheIEC608705101communicationsstandard.

The gateways shall also be required to support IEC608705104 via Ethernet to


facilitateBPCsintendedmigrationtothisstandard.Onceimplemented,theTCP/IP
based IEC608705104 communications shall be suitably protected by means of a
network security appliance that is capable of deep packet inspection of
IEC608705104packets.

ThedualredundantgatewaysandtheHMIservershallbeinstalledinthesamepanel
withinthenewHVyardcontrolroom.

PanelshalltohousedualIEEE1588v2PowerProfilecapable,GPSsynchronisedclocks
with IRIGB, NTP and PTP capabilities for substationwide time synchronization
purposes.

ProposedcontrolroompositionatG1asperFigure422.

4.5.4.10 IntraSubstationCommunicationsInfrastructure(SubstationLAN)

A fibre optic network will be deployed within the substation building for local
communicationstoalltheIEDs,HMIsandGateway.

Dualindustrialgrade,substationhardened,switchedEthernetnetworksshallbeused
to manage the fibre optic network infrastructure at the substations. It is
recommendedthattheswitchedEthernetnetworkshallalsoprovidethefacilityfora
voiceoverIP(VoIP)telephonysystem.

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ThenetworktopologyshallbesuchthateachIEDshallconnectdirectlytothenetwork
switches using both network interfaces in either a fast failover configuration or a
parallelredundancyconfiguration(usingPRP).Noringtopologiesshallbepermitted
particularlywheretheIEDsarerequiredtobeanintegralpartofthetopology.

The substation switches shall support the Precision Timing Protocol as per the
IEEE1588v2PowerProfilestandard.

ThenetworksshallmakeuseofMultipleSpanningTreeforredundancypurposesand
noproprietaryredundancysolutionsshallbeacceptable.

Theswitchesshallbeconfiguredtoisolatethedifferenttraffictypesintodedicated
VirtualLocalAreaNetworks(VLANs).

GOOSE messagesshalltakefulladvantageoftrafficseparation usingVLAN IDsand


dataprioritisation.MulticastMACaddressesmustbesignificantandmustrelateto
thesourceIED.OtherGOOSEparametersshallalsobesignificantandshallrelateto
thesourceIED.

Monitoring of the switched Ethernet networks shall be done from the HMI and
gatewayusingtheSNMPv3protocol.

4.5.4.11 AncillarySupplies

400Vacsuppliesforthenewcontrolroomwillbesourcedfrom:

ACBoardinexistingcontrolroom.InstalladditionalMCCBinexistingACboardif
required.

NewStationTransformer400VAuxiliaryTransformerincludingtwotariffmeters
(mainandCheck)inACboard.

33/0.4kVAuxiliarytransformerclosetonewGeneratorTransformers

Thenew400kVHVyardextensioncontrolroomshallbeequippedwithdual110Vdc
systemstoprovideauxiliarysuppliesforswitchgear,protectionandcontrolsystems.

Thenew400kVHVyardextensioncontrolroomshallbeequippedwithdual48Vdc
systemstoprovideauxiliarysuppliesforcommunicationsystems.

Vantage NickelCadmium batteries will be used as these have low maintenance


requirementsandlonglivetime.

TherequiredstandbytimefortheDCsystemsshallbe12hours.

ProposedcontrolroompositionsatB1B8andB12B15asperFigure422.

4.5.4.12 StatisticalandTariffMetering

Adedicatedstatisticalmeteringpanelshallbeinstalledinthecontrolroomcontaining
polyphase,4Quadrantstatisticalmeters.

Statisticalmetersshallbeinstalledonthe400kVfeeder(s),TransformersandBusbar
Reactors.Statisticalmeterstypicallyhaveanaccuracyclassof0,5swhereastariffclass
meterstypicallyhaveanaccuracyclassof0,2s.

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SpacewillbeprovidedinthecontrolroomtoinstallMainandChecktariffmetering
oncetheGeneratorsandStationTransformerareinstalledon400kVlevel.

InstalltwotariffmetersonACBoardformeteringpurposesforthe400Vsupplyfrom
theStationTransformer.

ProposedcontrolroompositionsatD01D03asperFigure422.

4.5.4.13 QualityofSupplyMetering

Not applicable at present however allowance has been made in the control room
layoutforaPowerQualitymeteringpanelatpositionD04asperFigure422.

4.5.4.14 DisturbanceRecording

Dedicated disturbance recording is not required as the IEDs will provide this
functionality

4.5.4.15 Travelingwavefaultlocator

DoubleendeddedicatedTravelingWaveFaultLocatorwithatleasttwolinemodules
shallbeinstalledtoaccommodatetheLetlhakanelineandthesparefeederbay.

Theunitshallbeexpandabletoeightbaysandshallprovideextremelyprecisefault
locationonmultiplelinesenablingoperationandmaintenanceengineerstorespond
rapidlytoeventsandcorrectdefectsatminimumcostandmaximumefficiency.

SimilartravelingwavefaultlocatorsmustbefreeissuedtotheLetlhakaneprojectand
installedattheremoteendsubstationsforincreasedaccuracy.Thefaultlocationis
determinedbysoftwarethatrequiresreadingsfrombothunitstherebycompleting
thedualmeasurementsystem.

ProposedcontrolroompositionatC11asperFigure422.

4.5.4.16 MorupuleBTelecommunications

MorupuleBLetlhakaneFeeder

Anew48fibreOPGWcableistobeinstalledonthenewLetlhakaneMorupuleBline.

In order to maintain consistency, the new 400kV Letlhakane 1 Feeder Main 1 and
Main 2 impedance protection IEDs will connect via hard wiring to the multiplexer
TEBIT/TEPI1module.

AnewSTM4connectionshallbeimplementedtoLetlhakaneina1+1configuration.

Due to the line length, optical amplification will be provided by a Padtec Multipad
MPD1200opticaltransportfittedwith1xSPVL1SupervisorModule,1xT06DC57
1BRP4Lmodule,1xBOA1CZ71AFAHmoduleand1xPOA1C141AFAHmodule.

ProposedcontrolroompositionatT1asperFigure422.

MultiplexerConceptualDesign

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Fourconceptualdesignoptionshavebeenproposedwiththeintentionofupgrading
BPCs multiplexer telecommunications infrastructure for the Isang and Morupule B
substationrequirements.

PleaserefertotheMorupuleBandIsangTelecommunicationsOverviewdiagramfor
integrationrequirementsasdescribedbelow.

Option1[Asapproved]Upgradetheexisting2xFOX515multiplexersatMorupule
B and replace them with a single FOX615 multiplexer. This option will provide
additionalcapacityatMorupuleBandhasthebenefitofmodernisationontheBPC
network. The existing FOX515 units can be redeployed at another site (e.g.
Letlhakane)orcanbeusedforsparesandupgradingofequipmentelsewhere.This
optionwillnecessitatetheconnectionoftheequipmentinthenewcontrolroomto
themultiplexerlocatedintheexistingcommunicationsroom.

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Figure421:MultiplexerConceptualDesign

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Figure422:MorupuleBNewControlRoomConceptual

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ConceptualDesign:Powerlines

5.1

General

Thefollowingsectionofthisreportdealswithdesignrecommendationsfortheoverheadtransmission
linewithinTAPsscopeofwork,namely:

MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2

ThisconceptualdesignhasincorporatedthedecisionsmadebyBPCregardingtheInceptionReport.
Morespecificdetailsofcomponentsandrequirementsarecontainedintherespectivespecifications
thathavebeencompiledforthisproject.

5.2

ServitudeandEnvironmentalConsiderations

Thefollowingsectionsofthisreportwilldiscusstheproposedroute.

5.2.1

RouteAlignmentOverview

The line route for the 400 kV line has in a large way been predefined by the existing 400kV line
betweenthesetwosubstationsandthelocationofavailablelinebaysatthesestations.Thisrouteis
illustratedbelowinFigure51.Thereissomelimitedpotentialscopetotryandremovesomeofthe
bendpointsduringtheESIAstudytostraightentherouteupandattempttoreducecostsinthis
manner.However,atthisstage,thisdoesnotseemlikelyanditisexpectedthattheESIAwillinsist
ontheparallelroutingpresentedinthisdocument.

Forthelinerouting,theonlysignificantdecisionmadeduringtheInception Designphasewasthe
separationdistancebetweentheexistingandproposedlines.SouthAfricanstandardpracticehas
standardlineseparationfor400kVat40mforlinesconstructedwithselfsupportingandguyedvee
structures(asproposedforthisline)and55mforlinesconstructedwithcrossropestructures.This
would indicate that a minimum separation distance of 40 m should be targeted. It was however
proposedandacceptedintheInceptionReportthatalineseparationdistanceof60m beutilised
betweenthe400kVlines.

Thisseparationwillallowtheutmostflexibilityinthedesignoftheproposedlineintermsoftower
placementaswellasreducingelectricandmagneticfieldsandanycouplingeffectsbetweenthetwo
400kVlines.

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Figure51:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2ProposedRoute(GoogleEarth)

The route is predominantly oriented in a northeasterly direction more or less parallel to the A1
NationalRoadfromGaboronetoFrancistown(viaPalapye).Forthefirst60kmofthelineasitleaves
IsangS/SthelineisreasonablyclosetotheA1NationalRoadandtheMorupulePalapyerailwayline,
thereafterthelinedeflectsawayfromtheroadslightlyforthenext140kmmainlytobypassthetown
ofMahalapyeanditssurroundingdevelopments.NorthofthesettlementofRadiselethelineturns
sharplytowardsthenorthwest,crossingbackovertheA1NationalRoadtotrackbacktotheexisting
220kVlinecorridor.Oncethelinerouteintersectswiththe220kVlinestherouteturnsagaintothe
northeastasitapproachestheMorupuleBPowerStationnearPalapye.

5.2.2

VegetationandLandscapeDescription

Thetopographyontherouteislowreliefplainwithfeaturelessveld.Thelineroutewasoriginally
selectedtobypassthefewterrainobstacles(suchashillsandvalleysontheroute)asindicatedon
Figure52.Howeveritdoescrossseveralseasonalriversandstreamlets.Themajorriversthatwillbe
crossed from north to south are the Lotsane, Taupye, Mahalapye (Figure 55), Bonwapitse and
Serorome.

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Figure52:Excerptfromlineroutemapindicatingtheterrainobstacles(GoogleMaps)

Thesubsurfacesoilsareatthisstageassumedtobecomprisedprimarilyofintermediate(Type2=
50%)andloosesandysoil(Type3=25%)soilclassesoverthebulkofthelineroute.Ageotechnical
investigationbeenperformed(ReportNumber:15/098)withthefindingsindicatingthefollowingsoil
distribution:

Type1
Type2
Type3
SoftRock

=15%
=50%
=25%
=10%

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Figure53:Typicalshrublevelvegetationalongthelineroute

Thevegetationstructuresalongtheproposedpowerlineroutecompriseofshrubandtreesavanna.
Theshrublayerischaracterizedbythemultistemmedspeciesandtheyhaveashortgrowthform.
Whiletreesavannaconsistsofsinglestemmedmaturetallspecies.Thevegetationunitsobservedin
theprojectareaincludesTerminaliaacaciamixedveld,Acaciamixedveld,Mopanemixedveldand
Combretummixedveld.Atypicalrepresentationofthetypeofvegetationtobeencounteredalong
therouteisindicatedinFigure53andFigure55.

5.2.3

Servitudebushclearing

TheContractorshallprovideforclearingoftreesandbushthroughoutthelinerouteforthefullwidth
oftheservitude.Selectedtallertreescanbefelled,suchthatanytree,afterfallingshallnotbemore
than10mclearofthecentreline,andnostandingtreeshouldbeabletocauseaflashoverfroma
conductordeflectedupto55fromthevertical.

Thestripoflandshallbeclearedcompletelyofalltrees,scrubandundergrowthbyfellingnotmore
than150mmabovegroundlevel.

Theservitudeshallbeclearedbybulldozerorothermechanicalequipment.Althoughduecaremust
bemadetolimitunnecessaryremovalanddisturbanceoftopsoil.

5.2.4

Climate

Botswanahaspredominantlysubtropicalclimate,theprojectareaistypicallysemiaridandthelocal
waterwaysaredryexceptduringtherainyseason.Therainfallseasonisinthesummermonthswhich
is from October to March. Rainfall patterns are seasonal with summer rainy seasons and winter
drought. The average annual precipitation is approximately 406 mm in the area where the line is
located.Theaverageannualrainfallisabout500mmperannumintheextremenortheast,toless
than250mmperannumintheotherpartsofthecountry.

The average temperatures appear to be slightly higher on the more southerly sections of the line
wheretheareaismorearid.

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Themainclimaticinformationforthestudyareaissummarisedbelow:
Table51:Climaticdatafortheprojectarea

AirTemperature

Maximum

40.7C

Minimum

0.2C

MeanAnnualPrecipitation

Average

450mm/p.a.

Lightningactivity

KeuranicLevel

40daysperyear

GroundFlashDensity

4flashes/km2/year

TheaveragedailytemperatureisthehighestduringthemonthsofOctobertoJanuarywhenittypically
averagesaround32C.Theannualaveragetemperaturevariesbetweenahighof28.5Ctoalowof
12.6C. The winter months are from May to August and is dry with mild winds. In winter, during
extremeconditionsthetemperaturecandropaslowas5C.

Theeffectofice/snowloadingoninsulatorsdonotneedtobeconsideredsincetheprojectareafalls
intheiceorsnowfreezone.TheclimatechartofMahalapyebelow,givesanindicationofaverage
precipitationinmmpermonthtogetherwiththeaveragetemperaturepermonth.

Figure54:ClimatechartofMahalapye

5.2.5

BirdProtection

TheEMPfortheconstructionoftheexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine1indicatedthatnomajor
faunanoravifaunaimpactsneedtobeconsideredalongthelinetheroute.Itwashowevernoted
that,atlargerivercrossings,birdflightdiverterswereinstalled(Figure55).Thissameapproachwill
morethanlikelyberecommendedduringtheESIAforthenewline,withavifaunalexpertsguidingthe
placementofsuchdevices.

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Birdflightdiverters

Figure55:MahalapyeRivercrossing

Nobirdguardswereobservedontheexistingline,howeverthesecanbespecifiedifbirdrelatedfaults
areaconcernforBPC.The515SeriesoftowerscanaccommodatebirdguardsasindicatedinFigure
56below.

Figure56:Birdguardsfittedona515BGuyedveestructure

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5.2.6

AviationProtection

AsperCivilAviationAuthorityofBotswanaandBPCrequirementsstructuresandconductorspans
thatqualifyasobstaclesneedtobeappropriatelymarkedforpilotandpublicsafety.Allspansand
towersindicatedbytheEmployermustbefittedwithappropriatedaylightmarkers.Thetypical
requirementsare:

Roadcrossings:
o AllmainroadcrossingsmustbemarkedbyAerialWarningDevices(AWDs)onthe
crossing span as well as the two flanking spans. Marking of a single shield wire is
consideredadequate.
o Thereare5largeroadcrossingswhichwillrequireAWDs.
Proximitytoairports:
o Typicallylineswithina4kmradiusofairportsoraerodromesneedtobemarkedwith
AWDs.
o OnthislinetheonlyairportclosebyisthePalapyeAirport,butthisisatleast8.4km
awayfromtheline.ThisshallbeconfirmedduringtheESIAprocess.
Rivervalleysconsiderednavigablebyaircraftwheretheconductor60mabovetheground:
o SpansrequiremarkingbyAWDs(noanticipatedoccurrencesonthisline)
Talltowers:
o Supportstructuresthatarehigherthan45mwillrequirepaintinginhorizontalbands
ofalternatingredandwhite.Eachbandmustbeapproximately1/7ofthestructure
height,theextremeendbandsmustbered.
o Asthedesignisnotyetcompleteitisnotknownyetifthisrequirementisneeded,but
itisunusualinflatterrainforthistypeofmarkingtoberequired.
Theaerialwarningdevicesshouldconstitutethefollowing:

AWDsshouldbesphericalinconceptwithaminimumdiameterof600mmandmaximum
weightof5kg
Thecolourshallalternatealongthespansbetweendayglowwhiteanddayglowred
Themaximumhorizontalspacingbetweenalternatedevicesshallbe30m

CentremountedAerial
WarningDevices

Figure57:A14Roadcrossing(indicatingAerialWarningDevices)

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5.2.7

BendPointsandCrossings

CoordinatesareprovidedingeographicalformatandintherequiredCartesiancoordinatesas
follows:

SurveyProjection: UTM35South
Datum:

Hartebeeshoek94WGS84
GeoidalModel:
EGM2008

TheproposedlinerouteindicatedinFigure51passesthroughthefollowingbendpointslistedin
Table52below.

Table52:MorupuleBIsang400kVLine2:Bendpointcoordinates
Position

GeographicCoordinates

CartesianCoordinates

Altitude(m)

Latitude

Longitude

E(m)

N(m)

MORUPULEB
Gantry

2231'16.99"S

273'9.68"E

949

505418.488

7509460.221

B1

2231'17.13"S

273'11.04"E

950

505457.474

7509455.903

B2

2231'31.10"S

273'23.07"E

948

505800.782

7509026.175

B3

2232'17.33"S

273'15.50"E

945

505583.987

7507604.611

B4

2233'38.33"S

271'51.52"E

944

503184.901

7505114.935

B5

2234'57.72"S

271'34.40"E

943

502695.417

7502673.724

B6

2237'25.94"S

271'37.15"E

956

502773.066

7498116.373

B7

2237'54.52"S

273'15.93"E

958

505592.547

7497236.603

B8

2238'3.46"S

273'59.78"E

961

506844.119

7496961.38

B9

2241'12.64"S

278'17.11"E

964

514183.793

7491139.109

B10

238'47.79"S

2659'2.12"E

961

498354.052

7440250.46

B11

2316'47.89"S 2654'28.14"E

959

490572.582

7425484.225

B12

2328'10.09"S 2646'26.60"E

900

476925.713

7404490.409

B13

2333'24.83"S 2639'30.94"E

947

465157.23

7394788.069

B14

2341'3.79"S

2635'46.62"E

968

458837.789

7380657.185

B15

2343'55.17"S 2630'34.08"E

984

450004.139

7375359.005

B16

2350'19.52"S 2625'37.47"E

951

441654.176

7363507.449

B17

241'34.69"S

2620'26.30"E

950

432948.322

7342704.373

B18

249'43.27"S

2614'34.89"E

948

423102.533

7327627.499

ISANGGantry

249'29.26"S

2613'59.10"E

947

422090.012

7328052.87

Themajorobstaclescrossedalongtherouteareindicatedin

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Table53below.Theseobstacleswereeitherobservedduringthesitevisit,orareobservablefrom
GoogleEarthaerialimages.

Table53:MajorcrossingsalongtheproposedMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2route

Crossings

Station
(km)

Description

Specialprecautions

MVLine

1.15

11or33kV

Outagerequiredforstringing

HVLine

1.19

66kV

Outagerequiredforstringing

RailwayLine

1.21

MorupulePalapyeRailLink

Nonelectrifiedrailwayline

HVLine

1.25

66kV

Outagerequiredforstringing

Telecomline

1.67

Telecomlinewithinroadreserve

A14Road

1.69

PrimaryRoadfromPalapyeOrapa

Roadclosureforstringing

LotsaneRiver

6.08

Environmentalprecautions

Buildingwithin
servitude

17.48

A1Road

19.46

PrimaryRoadfromGaborone
Francistown

Roadclosureforstringing

RailwayLine

19.62

GaboronePalapyeRailLink

Nonelectrifiedrailwayline

MVLine

77.32

11or33kV

Outagerequiredforstringing

Roadcrossing

77.35

Secondaryroad

Roadclosureforstringing

Telecomline

77.37

Telecomlinewithinroadreserve

TaupyeRiver

80.70

Environmentalprecautions

MahalapyeRiver

93.23

Environmentalprecautions

BonwapitseRiver

121.52

Environmentalprecautions

SeroromeRiver

127.48

Environmentalprecautions

TropicofCapricorn

128.99

Roadcrossingnearthetropicline,
takenastheboundarybetween
BPCoperatingunits

Roadclosureforstringing

MVLine

146.25

11or33kV

Outagerequiredforstringing

Roadcrossing

176.70

Secondaryroad

Roadclosureforstringing

RailwayLine

217.66

GaboronePalapyeRailLink

Nonelectrifiedrailwayline

A1Road

217.83

PrimaryRoadfromGaborone
Francistown

Roadclosureforstringing

MVLine

217.86

11or33kV

Outagerequiredforstringing

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5.2.8

Substationexit

Thissectiondiscusses,atahighlevel,theproposedsubstationexitsateitherendofthelineroute.

MorupuleB
Section2.1discussesthedetailedlayoutofMorupuleBsubstationsHVyard.Theproposedsolution
isthatthe MorupuleB Isang400kV Line2shalloccupythe existingfullyequippedsparebayat
MorupuleB.ThisimpliesthattheMorupuleBLetlhakane400kVLinewillterminateinanewfeeder
bayinthesubstationextension.Thissolutionwilleffectivelyavoidtheneedtohavea400kVline
crossinginfrontofthestation.Thereisapossibilitythat,duetoconstructionschedules,thelineto
Orapa will be completed before the new substation extension is commissioned. This eventuality
wouldrequireatemporary400kVlineterminationintotheexistingsparebayatMorupuleB.This
outcomehasbeen discussedwithBPC and therelevant consultantsfor thatlineandistechnically
feasibleasatemporarysolution,withthelineswungovertothenewfeederbayforthefinalsolution.

LETLHAKANE

SERULE

PHOKOJE

ISANG
ISANG

Figure58:HVLinesexitingMorupuleAandB

ThefinalproposedlayoutforHVlinesatMorupuleBisasindicatedaboveinFigure58.Theprimary
reasonfortheselectionoftheaboveroutingsistoavoidpresentandfuturelinecrossingsasfaras
possible.

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Isang
ThearrangementatIsangsubstationisrelativelystraightforward.Thereisasparefeederbayinthe
400kVyardthatcaneasilyaccommodatetheproposedIsangMorupuleB400kVLine2.Thisis
indicatedbelowFigure59.Theproposedsolutionresultsinthe400kVlinesflankingtheaccessroad
intothesubstationofftheA1NationalRoad.

MORUPULEA

MORUPULEB
THAMAGA

RAKOLA

SEGODITSHANE

Figure59:HVLinesexitingIsang

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5.3

ClearanceRequirements

Theclearanceswithwhichthelineshavebeenprofiledarestatedbelowin

Table54:TableofMinimumClearances(SANS102801:2013)

Clearances(m)

Description

400kV
ElectricalClearances:

PhasetoEarth(MinimumSafetyClearance)

3.2

VerticalClearances
ClearancetoGround

8.61

ClearancetoRoads

9.3

Tobuildings,polesandstructuresnotformingpartofthepower
line

5.6

Otherpowerlinesandtelecommunicationlines

3.8

Railway(nonelectrified)

9.0

Railway(electrified)

13.4
HorizontalClearances

Toallground,buildingsandstructuresnotpartofthepowerline

5.4

3.2

ConductorSelection

Alifecyclecostingexercisewasperformedinordertodeterminewhattheoptimalconductorbundle
on the line should be. This conductor optimisation was performed during the compilation of the
Inception report (P1887373806138030111) and the reader is referred to that report for the
detailedfindings.

Insummary,thesolutionthatwasproposedbyTAPandacceptedbyBPCwastoinstall3xTernACSR
phaseconductoronthelines.Thisrecommendationcaterswellforfuturegrowthwheretheloading
onthelinecouldincreaseabove300MVA.
ThisproposalisthesameconfigurationutilisedbyBPContheMorupuleBPhokoje400kVLine.

1 SANSclearancerequirementis8.1m,butasperSection5.5belowtheclearancerequiredhasbeen
increasedto8.6mtoensurethattheElectricfieldattheservitudeedgeremainswithininternational
recommendations

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TheelectricallineparametersfortheselectedoptionsweredeterminedusingPowerFactory.The
parametersdeterminedaretheresistance(R),reactance(X)andthesusceptance(B)ofthedifferent
towerandconductorconfigurations.Alloftheparameterswerecalculatedona100MVAbasefor
the entire length of the line. A templating temperature of 60 C was used to cover cases of high
ambienttemperatureandmoderateloading.Italsoallowsflexibilityforfutureupgrades.

Table55:Lineparametersforconductorandtowercombinations

Conductor

Tower

3xTern

515B

PositiveSequence
(Ohm)
R
5.649362

62.75838

885.0927

ZeroSequence
(Ohm)
R
43.77862

X
168.5726

5.5

EnvironmentaleffectsofCorona,ElectricandMagneticFields

5.5.1

Introduction

ThefollowingisasummaryofthepracticesappliedbyTAPengineeringinconsideringthefieldeffects
of HV transmission for BPCs Morupule B Isang 400 kV Line 2. The basis of this document are
referencesextendingfrominternationallyacceptedrestrictionsandlocallydefinedlimitsadoptedby
correspondingassociationandEskom.Onesinglelinehasbeenconsideredfortheanalysis.

The tower considered was the 515B structures and the servitude width was 55m. Several bundle
configurationswereinvestigated,withtheselectedoption3xTernACSR(27.0mm)spacedat450mm
alsoincluded.Theresultshavebeenpresentedundertheassumptionthattheservitudeisfreeofany
dwellingsorindustrialsites.Thevaluesoffieldsandnoiseparametersattheedgeoftheservitude
havebeencomparedwithEskomadoptedlimitsandthefindingspointoutthatthepredictedvalues
arecontainedwithintheselimits.Asummaryofthedatausedasinputtothebundleselectionand
theconductorsconsideredinthebundleselectionarepresentedinTable1andTable2below.

Ingeneral,theOPGWwasusedasshieldwiretypeinthecalculationsasshownintheTableabove.
Thesteelshieldwirepresentedaninceptiongradientof16.2kV/cmwithactualgradientaround5.2
kV/cmfortheconfigurationsstudied.

Case 8, which corresponds with the selected conductor bundle for this project offers a solution,
provided the increased minimum ground clearance of 8.6 m rather than the standard 400 kV
clearanceof8.1mismet.

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Table56:Summaryofthedatausedasinputtothebundleselection
BOTSWANAPOWERCOMPANY400KVLINEFIELDEFFECTSSTUDY
LineVoltageUmax:
OPGWDiameter:

SteelWire19/2.7Diameter:

420kV
17,7mm
13.5mm

RequiredInceptionGradientMargin:
AudibleNoise(AN)L50WetLimit:
RadioNoiseLimitl50Wet:
MaxElectricField:
ElectricFieldatSevitude:
MaxMageticField:
DesignTarget/Limit
Case Conductor
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

3xKingbird
4xPelican
3xTern
2xBersfort
2xYew
3x650MCM
3x800MCM
3xTern

Type

ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
AAAC
AAAC
AAAC
ACSR

LineLength:
AveSpanLength:
ServitudeWidth:

220km
430m
55m

5%
53.1dBA
72dB
10kV/m
5kV/m
200T

380
380
450
570
450
380
450
450

0.77(ExceptforKingbird:0.7)
1100m
8.1m

PowerRatingNominal:

600MVA

Key:
TargetLevelNotMet:
Solution:

Conductor Bundle
Tower MinGnd Inception MaxPh
Diameter Seperation Typeto Clearance Gradient Gradient
Ph
(kV/cm)
[mm]
[mm]
Consider
(m)
23.88
20.7
27.0
35.56
28.42
23.56
26.14
27.0

RoughnessFactor:
MaxAltitude:
MinGroundClearance:

515B
515B
515B
515B
515B
515B
515B
515B

8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.6

17.2
19.2
18.6
18.1
18.5
18.9
18.7
18.6

17.8
16.9
16.3
16.5
19.6
18.0
16.7
16.25

5%
53.1dBA
72dB
10kV/m 5kV/m 200T
Margin
Inception MaxSW ANL50 RIL50Wet MaxE EFieldat MaxM
Above
Gradient Gradient Wet
(dB)
Field
Servitud
Field
Inception SW(kV/cm (kV/cm) (dBA)
(kV/m) e(kV/m)
(T)
3.7
13.8
14.4
9.7
5.7
5.0
11.7
14.6

19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6

4.4
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.7

46.5
43.0
44.7
52.1
55.8
46.7
45.3
44.4

63.3
57.7
60.6
66.3
71.5
63.6
61.4
60.7

10.7
11.5
11.0
10.3
9.8
10.6
11.0
10.0

1.5
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6

26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.4
24.3

5.5.2

Coronaasfieldeffect

Amajorconsiderationfromcoronaisbroadbandaudiblenoise.Audiblenoisecanvarysignificantly
withweatherconditionsandforthisstudy,audiblenoiselevelswerepredictedforrainyweatheronly.
Thecommonvalueemployedisanoiselevel,whichexceedsthelimitof50%ofthetime(L50).Eskom
adoptedamaximumL50wetaudiblenoiselimitof53dBAattheedgeofthe55mservitude.Fora
maximumaltitudeof1100m,thepredictedL50rainyweatheraudiblenoiselevelfortheBPC400kV
lineis44.4dBAforthe515Btowerconfiguration.

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Figure510:L50WetAudibleNoisePrediction(BPA)515BTower

The radio noise at the servitude boundary is expected to be around 60.7 dB above 1V in rainy
conditions,witha72dBlimit.

5.5.3

PowerfrequencyElectricandMagneticFields(EMF)asfieldeffect

The presentinternational consensusfromresearch ontheeffectsofpowerfrequency electricand


magnetic fields (EMF) on health is that there is no conclusive evidence between exposure and
significanthealthimplications.Thereisalso,however,consensusthatresearchshouldcontinueon
the topic. Many organisations around the world adhere to the International Commission on Non
IonisingRadiationProtection(ICNIRP)guidelinesinordertoprotectindividualsfromharmfuleffects
ofEMF.TheINCIRPguidelinesarealsoendorsedbytheDepartmentofHealthofSouthAfrica.The
electric and magnetic field exposure levels addressed below comply with the ICNIRP guidelines in
accordancewithSANS102801.
Table57:ICNIRP2010ExposureGuidelinesfor50HzElectricandMagneticFields

EXPOSURECHARACTERISTICS

ELECTRICFIELD
(kV/m)r.m.s

MAGNETICFLUXDENSITY
T(r.m.s)

OCCUPATIONALReferenceLevel

10

1000

GENERALPUBLICReferenceLevel

200

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Table58:EskomLineDesignLimits

Electricfield

10kV/minsideservitude;5kV/matservitudeboundaryinaccordancewith
SANS102801

Magneticfield

200TforpublicinaccordancewithSANS102801

RadioNoise

72dBabove1V,at500kHz,L50wetconditions,attheedgeoftheservitude

AudibleNoise

42dBAattheservitudeboundary,L50dryconditions

AudibleNoise

53dBAattheservitudeboundary,L50wetconditions

Themaximumelectricfieldattheedgeoftheservitudeoftheprospectiveline(BPC400kVline)is
expectedtobearound1.3to1.6kV/mversustheallowableICNIRPlevelof5kV/mforpublicexposure.
In practice, it can be safely assumed that the 10kV/m will not be exceeded because of conductor
clearanceslargerthantheminimumrequirementof8.6m.

Figure511:ElectricFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower

Themaximummagneticfieldpresentedbythepowerline,atapowertransferrateof600MVA(866
A),isexpectedtobe23.7Tcomparedwiththe200microtesla(T)allowableICNIRPguidelinefor
publicexposure.Attheservitudeboundarythemagneticfieldlevelsfalltoabout4.2Tforthesame
power transfer of 600 MVA. The maximum current that may appear on the line, 2950 A, present
maximummagneticfieldsof82.6Tforthe515Btowerstructureswithintheservitude.Fromthese
figuresitisclearthatthemagneticfieldlevel1.8maboveground,withintheservitudeandatthe
servitudeboundary,evenunderemergencyconditions,isunlikelytoexceedtheICNIRPguidelineof
200T.

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Figure512:MagneticFieldprediction1.8maboveground(BPA)515BTower

5.5.4

SimulationofCoronaandNoiseParameters

TheBonnevillePowerAdministration(BPA)softwarewasusedinthefieldeffectsstudywhilsttaking
worstcaseconditionsintoconsideration.

Table59:BPASimulationconditions

Parameter

Comment

LinevoltageUmax=420kV

Theprobabilitythatthelinewilloperateat420kVissmall
sinceitwillbeoperatedmuchclosertoUnom=400kV.An
impactofuptoa20%overestimateofcoronaandnoise
parametersispossible.

Lowestpossibleconductorposition
=8.6mforasolution.

Maximumloading(1725MVA(2490A)basedona
conductortemperatureof75Candapproximately2044
MVA(2950A)on90C)willberequiredtoachievethis.

Both of the conditions above are adding to the conservativeness of the corona assessment. If the
probability of the two conditions occurring simultaneously is considered and the variability of the
terrainandtheheightofphaseconductorsabovegroundareincluded,itbecomesobviouswhyEskom
isnotreceivinganysignificantnumberofcomplaintsaboutannoyancecausedbyhighvoltagepower

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lines.Thephilosophyisthereforeconservativeandthislineisnotexpectedtogeneratesignificant
amountofcomplaints.

5.5.5

Impactofthetoweronfieldeffects

The impact of tower phase spacing, associated with the 515 towers, on the field effects at HV
transmission is twofold. The critical gradient, (i.e. the gradient at which corona starts) has been
calculatedtobe18.6kV/cm(roughness=0.77,altitude=1100m)forabundleofthreeTernACSR
conductorsspacedat450mm.Themaximumconductorsurfacegradienthasbeenappreciatedtobe
around16.3kV/cm.

5.5.6

RadioInterference(RI)

AreliablepredictionofRIisimportant,asnocorrectionsoflinedesignorconstructioncanbemade
after the line has been built. Once the line is in service there are several alternatives only to be
measuredtoverifytheleveloftheRI.

Therearefourparametersinvolvedinthespecificationofradionoiselimits:
Theminimumsignaltobeprotected;
Theminimumacceptablesignaltonoiseratio;
The reference noise level, 27.5 m from the nearest conductor, during prescribed weather
conditions;and
Theprotecteddistance,thatis,theminimumdistancefromthelineatwhichthesignalcanbe
satisfactoryreceived.

Ifanythreeoftheseparametersarespecified,thefourthcanbedetermined.

TheanalysisoftheRIbehaviouroftheinsulatorsinrespecttothesurfaceconditionsismadetothe
followingclassificationaccordingtoCISPR182andIEC437:

Cleaninsulatorsitisanidealconditioninwhichtheinsulatorsremaincompletelyclean(Type
Aareas)
Slightlypollutedinsulatorsitisthemostcommonsituationinrelativelycleanareasaftera
certainperiodoftime(Noimportantdrybandsarepresent)(TypeBareas)
Pollutedinsulatorsdrybandsarepresentinwetconditions;thisisthesituationinservicein
pollutedareasofvariouspollutionseverities(TypeCareas)

Researchintoradiointerferenceproducedbypollutedceramicandpolymerinsulatorsshowsthatfor
thesamevoltage,ceramictypesproduceupto10dBmoreRIVthandopolymerictypes.

TheRIVlimitadoptedbyEskomis65dB(above1V/300at0.5MHzincleanconditions(regardless
ofthealtitudeandthetypeofinsulatorused).

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Figure513:RadioNoisePredictionat500kHz(BPA)515BTower

5.5.7

Fieldeffectsconclusions

The3xTernACSRoptionwillsatisfytheclientsrequirementsintermsoffieldeffects(corona,noise
andEMF)parameterswithsufficientmarginofsafety.

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5.6

GroundWireSelection

Partoftheprojectscopeentailsthedesignandselectionofagroundwiresystem.The515Seriesof
towers makes use of two ground wires the size of the cables used in the structural design is
GalvanizedSteelWire(GSW)19/2.65.However,asperBPCrequirementsoneofthegroundwires
mustbeOpticalGroundWire(OPGW)asperforcommunicationandprotectionsettingsbetweenthe
substations.ThissectiondetailsthegroundwireandOPGWselectionfortheMorupuleBIsang400
kVLine2.Thisselectionwillbebasedonthepredictedfaultlevelsattheendsubstationsobtained
fromtheNetworkPlanningReport.
OnaTransmissionlinewhenafaultoccurs,thefaultcurrentwillbesplitbetweenthegroundwireand
the OPGW depending on the respective impedances. Typically, OPGW has a lower impedance in
comparisontogroundwireespeciallyifsteelgroundwireisbeingused.Asaresult,theOPGWshould
have a higher fault current capability. The table below shows the predicted fault levels at the
substations:
Table510:Faultlevelsat400kVBusbaratendsubstations

3Fault

1Fault

[kA]

[kA]

MorupuleB(400kV)

9.864

19.73

Isang(400kV)

5.473

10.95

Substation

5.6.1

Findings

Basedontheabovefaultlevelsatthesubstations,thefaultcurrentdistributionalongthelinewas
calculated. Calculations were done to determine the 80% fault current that would be seen by the
groundwiresandsubsequently20%ofthefaultcurrentthatpassestogroundthroughthetowers.
ThiswillprovidethemaximumfaultcurrentcapabilitythattheOPGWandgroundwirecombinedneed
tosustain.Thegraphbelowsummariestheresultsfromthesecalculations:

Figure514:GraphdepictingfaultcurrentdistributionalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2

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Table511:DistributionoffaultcurrentalongtheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2

Distancefrom
MorupuleB(400kV)

[km]
0.0
0.3
2.2
4.4
7.6
10.9
21.9
43.7
76.5
98.3
109.3
120.2
142.0
174.8
196.7
207.6
210.9
214.1
216.3
218.2
218.5

SinglePhaseFault
Current

[kA]
19.881
19.716
18.647
17.568
16.193
15.046
12.312
9.396
7.505
6.957
6.814
6.744
6.811
7.487
8.523
9.345
9.649
9.987
10.234
10.471
10.95

FaultCurrentin
Groundwires(80%)

[kA]
15.90
15.77
14.92
14.05
12.95
12.04
9.85
7.52
6.00
5.57
5.45
5.40
5.45
5.99
6.82
7.48
7.72
7.99
8.19
8.38
8.76

FaultCurrentin
Tower&Ground
(20%)
[kA]
3.98
3.94
3.73
3.51
3.24
3.01
2.46
1.88
1.50
1.39
1.36
1.35
1.36
1.50
1.70
1.87
1.93
2.00
2.05
2.09
2.19

Fromthetableaboveitcanbeobservedthatthemaximumfaultcurrentthatthecombinedground
wiresystemwillexperienceis15.9kA.Similarlythemaximumfaultcurrentthatwillbedissipatedto
thetowerandgroundis3.98kA.Inordertolimitthecostsoftheprojectandtotryandoffsetthehigh
costsoftheOPGW,itwasinitiallyproposedthatthesecondgroundwirebeGSW19/2.7.

Thetablebelowshowstherelevantmechanicalandelectricalpropertiesoftheproposed10kAOPGW
andtheproposedconductorsforthesecondgroundwirePetrelACSRandGSW19/2.7.
Table512:Groundwireproperties

Conductor

Type

OPGW10kA OPGW
Petrel

ACSRextrastrong

GSW19/2.7

GalvanisedSteelwire

Mass

[kg/km]

Total
Diameter
[mm]

DC
Resistance
[/km]

Ratedshortcircuit
Capabilityfor1s
[kA]

588

13.6

0.43

10.00

376.9

11.71

0.567

7.38

857

13.5

1.88

7.91

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UsingthefaultcurrentvaluesinTable511andtherelevantparametersoftheselectedOPGWand
GSW 19/2.7 in Table 512, the relative fault sharing between the two ground wire types was
calculated.ThetablebelowshowsthefaultcurrentdissipationinthegroundwiresontheMorupule
BIsang400kVLine2.

Table513:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandGSW19/2.7

FaultLocation
[km]
0.0
0.3
2.2
4.4
7.6
10.9
21.9
43.7
76.5
98.3
109.3
120.2
142.0
174.8
196.7
207.6
210.9
214.1
216.3
218.2

FaultCurrentin
OPGW10kA

FaultCurrentin
GSW19/2.7

[kA]
12.94
12.84
12.14
11.44
10.54
9.80
8.02
6.12
4.89
4.53
4.44
4.39
4.43
4.87
5.55
6.08
6.28
6.50
6.66
6.82

[kA]
2.96
2.94
2.78
2.62
2.41
2.24
1.83
1.40
1.12
1.04
1.01
1.00
1.01
1.11
1.27
1.39
1.44
1.49
1.52
1.56

Basedonthevaluesfromtheabovetableitcanbeseenthatthefaultlevelinthe10kAOPGWwill
exceedthe10kAlimitforapproximatelythefirst10kmoflinenearMorupuleBsubstation.Thefault
levelintheGSW19/2.7remainsrelativelylow.ThemainreasonforthisoverutilisationontheOPGW
isthefactthattheOPGWwillhogmore(81%)ofthefaultcurrentduetoitslowerimpedance(i.e.
0.43/kmfortheOPGWand1.88/kmfortheGSW).ItisthusproposedthatanACSRconductorbe
utilised,withalowerimpedancethantheGSWsuchthatthefaultcurrentissharedmoreequitably
betweenthetwowires.
Forthisattemptthetargetwastoensurethatthephysicaldimensionsofcrosssectionaldiameterand
conductormasswaskeptequaltoorlowerthanthatoftheGSW19/2.7.

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TheproposedACSRtobeutilisedisPetrelACSR,whichisclassedasanextrastrengthACSRduetothe
highsteelcontent.Thishighsteelcontentwillalsoservetoensurethatthecostoftheconductor
doesnotrisetoofar.

WhenconsideringthePetrelACSRthefollowingdistributionoffaultcurrentsisattained:
Table514:Faultcurrentdistributionin10kAOPGWandPetrelACSR

FaultLocation
[km]
0.0
0.3
2.2
4.4
7.6
10.9
21.9
43.7
76.5
98.3
109.3
120.2
142.0
174.8
196.7
207.6
210.9
214.1
216.3
218.2

FaultCurrentin
OPGW10kA
[kA]
9.05
8.97
8.48
7.99
7.37
6.85
5.60
4.27
3.41
3.17
3.10
3.07
3.10
3.41
3.88
4.25
4.39
4.54
4.66
4.76

FaultCurrentin
PetrelACSR
[kA]
6.86
6.80
6.43
6.06
5.59
5.19
4.25
3.24
2.59
2.40
2.35
2.33
2.35
2.58
2.94
3.22
3.33
3.45
3.53
3.61

Itcannowbeseenthatthereisamoreequitablesharingofthefaultcurrentbetweenthesetwo
conductors,withtheOPGWtaking57%ofthefaultcurrents.

5.6.2

Recommendations

1. Install1xPetrelACSRconductorforthefirst15kmfromMorupuleB400kVsubstationto
caterforamaximumcombinedfaultcurrentof15.91kA.
2. After15kmthefaultlevelsdropconsiderably.Tooptimisethegroundwireusage,install1x
GSW19/2.7groundfortheremainderofthelinelengthtoIsang400kVsubstation.Thesteel
19/2.7 has a rated short circuit capacity of 7.91kA for 1s. This is sufficient to adequately
protecttheremainingsectionoftheline.
3. Install1x10kAOPGWfortheentirelengthoftheline

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a. TheOPGWselectedshouldhaveashortcircuitcurrentratingof10kAfor1second

Figure515belowillustratesthelengthsandsectionsofthedifferentgroundwirestobeusedonthe
400kVline.

MorupuleB
Power
Station
400kV

PetrelACSR
(15km)

Steel19/2.7
(203km)

IsangS/S
400kV

OPGW10kA
(218km)

Figure515:SchematicofgroundwirelayoutforMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2

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5.7

Insulators

Thissectionwilldetailtheinformationspecifictotheselectedinsulatorsforthisproject.

TheMaterialselectionforinsulatorsontheBPCtransmissionnetworkhashistoricallybeenlimitedto
glass cap and pin insulators for the 400 kV voltage level. The recommended application strategy
regarding the types of insulators and relevant parameters, as suggested by local and international
practice,istofirstestablishthesitepollutionseverity.Thisscientificapproachinvolvescombinations
of Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD), Nonsoluble Deposit Density (NSDD), Directional Dust
DepositGauge(DDDG)andsurfaceconductivitymeasurements.Testresultsaretheninterpretedin
relationtogeographicalinformationtoprovideanindicationofthesitepollutionseverity.Pollution
monitoringisgenerallyatwoyearprocess,priortoselectingparametersforinsulation.Sincesuch
testshavenotbeenperformedforthisproject,reliancehastobeplacedonotherfactorscontributing
tothechoiceofinsulationviz.towertypestobeimplementedandlocalenvironmentalconditions.

5.7.1

TowerTypes

The515(B,C,D,E,G,H)seriesofstructureshavebeenselectedtobeusedontheMorupuleBIsang
400kVLine.Thesuspensionassembliesforthe515B,515Gand515Htowerswillbeacombinationof
bothIStringandVStringassemblies.Onthesuspensiontower,twoinsulatorstringsfortheVstring
assemblyandoneinsulatorstringperIstringassembly.Eachinsulatorwillberatedat120kNtomeet
therequiredmechanicalstrengthratingofthesuspensionassembly.

The515(C,D,E)straintowers,haveahorizontaltwininsulatorstringassembliesonallphases.Each
insulatorwillberatedat210kNtoensureadequatemechanicalstrength.Thenumberofinsulator
stringsrequiredpertoweristwelve.

5.7.2

InsulatorSelection

The culmination of the design process is the specification of insulator types (glass cap and pin,
compositesetc.)andrelatedparameters.Theseaspectsarediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs

5.7.2.1

Creepage

ThesectionofthelineclosetoMorupuleBpowerstationisincloseproximitytopowerstations,open
coal mines and the growing industrial area in Palapye. Based on the resulting pollution from the
mentionedsources,thepollutionseveritylevelclassificationcanbedescribedasHigh.Consequently,
a creepage of 31 mm/kV is required on the line in this vicinity. To mitigate the effect of the high
pollutioninthisareacompositeinsulatorswithacreepageof31mm/kVwillbeusedonthefirst15km
oftheIsangMorupuleB400kVLine.

Theremainderofthe400kVlinetowardsIsangS/S,fallsinaMediumpollutionzone.AccordingtoIEC
60815therequiredcreepageforamediumpollutionzoneis20mm/kV.However,whenconsidering
the long term behaviour of composite insulators they can be described as organic and are thus
susceptibletotheageingprocessandvariancesinperformance.Tocaterforthis,compositeinsulators
withaspecific creepageof25 mm/kV willbe used onthe line. Glassisaninert material anda20
mm/kVcreepagevaluecanbeused.

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5.7.2.2

Material

Theconnectinglengthoftheinsulatorandhardwareassemblyisrestrictedbythetowergeometry
andformost400kVtowerdesignsamaximuminsulatorconnectinglengthof3660mcantypicallybe
accommodated.Fortheproposed515towers,themaximumallowable,insulatorconnectinglengthis
3750 mm. This connecting length restricts the use of glass insulators where higher creepage
requirementsexist.Inorder,toachievetherequiredcreepagedistanceandadheretotheallowable
insulatorlengthasperthe515Towerdesigns,compositeinsulatorswillbeusedontheline.

Theremainingsectionofthelinefallswithinamediumpollutionzoneandonlyrequiresacreepageof
25mm/kVifusingcompositeinsulatorsand20mm/kVifusingglassdiscs.Althoughitisviabletouse
glassinsulatorsonthissectionofline,formaintenanceandoperationpurposesitispreferrednotto
havedifferentinsulatortypesonthesameline.Therefore,compositeinsulatorswillbeusedonthe
remainingsectionofline.

The515Towerserieswasoriginallydesignedforglassinsulators,howevercompositeinsulatorsare
alsoaviablesolutionforthe400kVLine.TheallowableinsulatorlengthfortheIstringandVstring
assemblies on the suspension towers is 3.75 m. The length of glass insulators at a creepage of 31
mm/kV will violate the allowable insulator length thus making composite insulators the preferred
choice.Thecreepagerequirementsdonotimposerestrictionsoncompositeinsulatorlength,evenat
therequired31mm/kVand25mm/kV.Thetablebelowillustratesthispoint:

Table515:GlassCapandPinvs.CompositeInsulators

GlassCapandPinDimensions

CompositeDimensions

SingleU120Bdisccreepage=280mm

Totalinsulatorcreepage=10500mm

Connectinglength=146mmperdisc

Connectinglength=3550mm

No.ofdiscsrequiredtomeetcreepage
requirementof31mm/kV=47discs

No.ofinsulators=1

Totalconnectinglength=6862mm

Totalconnectinglength=3550mm

5.7.2.3

ArcingDistance

ThisparameterisusuallyderivedfromSANS102801:2013andtheOHSActSafetyclearancephase
toearth. The arcing distance specification for both the suspension and strain type insulator
configurationswillbe3200mm,betweenthegradingrings.Thisistoensurethattheinsulatorarcing
distance is comparable to the phasetotower clearance as per the mentioned documents. The
clearancevaluesarealsorelatedtothestipulatedwithstandlevelsforlightningandswitching.

5.7.2.4

ElectricalWithstandLevels

Lightning (BIL) and switching (SIL) impulse withstand levels are specified for 400 kV insulators. A
conservativeselectionofwithstandlevelspernominalvoltagehasbeenapplied.Therecommended
phasetoearthvaluesforBILandSILare1425kVand1050kVrespectively.

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5.7.2.5

MechanicalStrengthandendfittings

Insulatorsratedat120kNwillbeusedforallsuspensionassembliesand210kNinsulatorswillbeused
forthestrainassemblies.Forsuspensioninsulators,thestrengthisdeterminedfromtowerloading
studieswithdueconsiderationtomaximumconductorweightspans,windandiceloading,andbroken
conductorscenarios.
Forstrainassemblies, the minimumrequiredinsulatorstrength must meetorexceedthe ultimate
tensilestrength(UTS)ofthebundleandforTripleTerntheUTSis296.10kN.Toachievethis2x210kN
(totalof420kN)willbeinstalled.

Eachstrengthclassofinsulatoriscoupledtoaspecificendfittingsize,asspecifiedbyIEC60305.Based
onthis,ballandsocketendfittingsof16mmwillbeusedforallthe120kNinsulatorand20mmfor
the210kNinsulator.

5.7.3

Insulatorrecommendations

For the purpose of this project composite insulators will be. Composite insulators at a specific
creepageof31mm/kVmustbeusedonthefirst15kmoftheMorupuleBIsang400kVLine2to
mitigateforthehighlevelsofpollutioninthisarea.Fortheremainingsectionofthelinecomposite
insulatorsatacreepageof25mm/kVwillbeused.

Thetablebelowprovideasummaryofthekeyinsulatorparameters:
Table516:KeyInsulatorparameters

Parameter

Suspensiontypeinsulator

Material

Straintypeinsulator

HTVSiliconerubber

Sheds

Alternatingsheds

SpecificCreepage

31mm/kV(HighPollutionZone)
25mm/kV(MediumPollutionZone)

TotalCreepage
Distance

13020mm(HighPollutionZone)
10500mm(MediumPollutionZone)

Strength
ArcingDistance

120kN(IVIconfig.)

210kN(horizontalparallelconfig.)

3200mm(betweengradingrings)

3200mm(betweengradingrings)

3600mm

3700mm

16mmballandsocket

20mmballandsocket

Connectinglength
EndFitting
BIL(@1500maltitude)

1425kV

SIL(@1500maltitude)

1050kV

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5.8

Hardware

5.8.1

General

Ingeneral,assembliesmustcomplywiththeCodeofPracticeforoverheadpowerlinesforconductors
prevailinginSouthAfrica,SANS102801:2013.Thishasspecificbearingtothestrengthfactorstobe
utilisedaslistedinTable1oftheaforementionedSANSdocument.Inadditiontothesemandatory
strengthfactors,additionalstrengthfactorsmustbeappliedasperTable2oftheSANSdocumentto
coordinate the strength between various components, to facilitate a more predictable failure
sequenceandtominimisereconstructionrequirements.
TheContractoristoensurethatfittingsmustbecompatiblewiththetowerattachmentarrangement
andmustensurethatstatutoryclearancerequirementsaresafelyadheredto.
ItisastatedrequirementofBPCthatfittingsfacilitatinghotlineworking/maintenancemustbeused,
withapreferenceforthesocalleddoggyboneorhotlinefittings.
Allbolts,nutsandcotterpinsshallbelockedinordertopreventlooseningbyvibrations.

5.8.2

Material

Fortheapprovalofmaterial,thestrength,ductilityandfracturetoughnessareconsidered.Materials
thatofferthebestresistanceagainstcorrosionundertheexpectedoperatingconditionsshouldbe
used.Allmaterialshouldconformtotherelevantspecifications.
All parts and components shall be made of good commercial grade malleable cast iron, steel or
aluminiumalloy.

5.8.3

StrainAssembly

Thestrainassemblyshouldhaveastrengthvalueofatleastthebreakingstrengthoftheconductor
andgroundwire.Forthe3xTernACSRthismeansthatstrainhardwareonindividualwiresmusthave
astrengthratingof120kN,whilstthewholeassemblyshouldberatedataminimumof300kN.
Sagadjustorsmustbeprovidedforeachconductorinthebundle,toensurethatadjustmentscanbe
madeindependentlynotethatturnbuckleswillnotbeacceptableforthispurpose.
Phasetophaseandphasetogroundclearancesmustbemaintainedasspecified.
Rigidtriangularspacersmustbesuppliedforthejumperstomaintainthe450mmbundlespacing.

HotLineFittingsoneithersideoftheinsulator

Figure516:400kVStrainAssemblyforTripleTernACSR

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5.8.4

SuspensionAssembly

Allsuspensionclampsubassembliesmustbefreeswinging,andmusthavearticulationasrequired
fromrelevantspecifications.

5.8.4.1

SingleAttachedSuspensionAssembly

HotLineFittingsoneithersideoftheinsulator

Thesuspensionassemblyingeneralconsistsofsuspensionclampsubassemblies,suspensionyokes,
socketclevis,balleyelinkandshackle.
Provisionshallbemadetoenablelivelinemaintenanceofassemblies.

Figure517:400kVIStringSuspensionAssembly

5.8.4.2

VSuspensionAssembly

The suspension assembly consists of suspension clamp subassemblies, suspension yokes, socket
clevises,balleyelinks,extensionstrapsandshackles.
Provisionshallbemadetoenablelivelinemaintenanceofassemblies.
ThecentreofgravityofthebundlemustbeatorbelowtheapexoftheinsulatorVstring.

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Figure518:400kVVStringSuspensionAssembly

5.8.5

MechanicalOscillationProtection

Vibrationdampingdevicesmustbeinstalledonconductorsinordertominimisetheoscillationsand
therebyincreasethelifespanofthiscriticalcomponentofthetransmissionline.Thisrequirementis
alsoenforcedbylimitingconductortensionsbasedontherecommendationsinSection5.10.1.2.

5.8.5.1

Phaseconductor

Forthebundledconductorstandardspacerdamperswillbeused.

Thefunctionsofthesedampersaretomaintainuniformspacingofthesubconductors(toensure
consistentelectricalcharacteristics)of450mminatripleconfiguration;tominimiseAeolianandwake
inducedvibrationsandtopreventthesubconductorsfromentanglingduetofaultcurrents.Galloping
isofnoconcernwiththeweatherconditionsinBotswanaandwillnotbedesignedfor.

Spacerdampersarestaggeredonabundlewiththemaximumsubspanlengthofapproximately55m.
Forthisline,withanaveragespanlengthofapproximately410m,approximately7spacerdampers
willbeusedperspanonthe3xTernACSRconductorbundle.Spacingpatternsshouldbebasedon
conductor tensions and actual span lengths, as per manufacturers instructions. This should be
confirmedbythesupplieronplacementoftheorder.

NOTE:
Thedamperassemblyweightmustbetakenintoaccountwhenprofilingthelinetoensureaccurate
tensionsaredetermined.ThiscanbeachievedbyeditingthecableweightofthePLSCADD*.WIR
filesforthe3xTernACSRbundle.

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Figure519:Examplesoftriplebundlespacerdampers

5.8.5.2

Groundwire

Multifrequencyvibrationdamperswillbeusedonthegroundwires.

Figure 520 below shows a typical Stockbridge type damper. Different types of multifrequency
dampers are available to be used on overhead lines e.g. symmetrical Stockbridge dampers,
asymmetricalStockbridgedampers,Dogbonedampersetc.

Stockbridgedampersareusuallydesignedsothattheirenergyabsorptioncharacteristicscorrespond
tothefrequencyrangeofAeolianvibrationexperiencedbytheparticularconductorsizeandforthe
specifiedconductortension.

Itisrecommendedthattheconnectionbetweenthevibrationdamperandthegroundwirebeofa
nonboltedconfiguration(i.e.makinguseofpreformedhelicalrods)forboththeOPGWandthePetrel
ACSRtopreventfrettingoftheAluminiumouterstrands.Theconnectionbetweenthedamperand
theGSWcanbemadeofaboltedconnectionasindicatedinFigure520.

Choosingthecorrectsize
The conductor diameter and mass will determine the size and weight of vibration damper that is
required.MultifrequencyStockbridgedampersshallbeappliedtoearthwiresconductors.

ForGSW19/2.7groundwire=13.5mm,thesizerangeshouldbe12.5mm15mm
ForPetrelACSRgroundwire=11.71mm,thesizerangeshouldbe11.1mm11.76mm

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Figure520:StockbridgeDamper

PositionofVibrationDampersontheConductors
Theidealplacementofvibrationdampersisimportanttoensurethatthedevicedampenstherequired
frequency range. The Loop length for each type of ground wire was determined for the selected
conductortensionsandusingawindspeed=7m/s.Usingthislooplengththerecommendedposition
of the dampers for each ground wire size is determined. The position is to be measured from the
centreofsuspensionclampsandtheendofstrainclamps.Asuggestedplacementschemeisproposed
below, however, the Contractor shall base the final placement on the recommendations and
calculationsofthesupplier.

Table517:NumberandPlacingofDampersonaSpan:C=2100m

Span
(m)

NOofdampers
Arrangementof
perspan dampersperconductor
perconductor

Damperplacement
GSW
19/2.7

Petrel
ACSR

Location

0369

1damperateachend

520mm 450mm

Fromends

369550

2dampersateachend

450mm 390mm

From1stdamper

551730

3dampersateachend

670mm 580mm

From2nddamper

NOTE:
TheSizeandplacementofOPGWvibrationdampershasnotbeenprovided.Thesevaluesmustbe
confirmedfromthecablesupplierandapprovedbytheEngineerbeforeinstallation.

5.8.6

StayAssembly

Allfourstayassembliesonthe515Btowermustbeadjustabletoaccountforvariationsintension
overthetowerslifespanandtoensuretheverticalityofthestructure.ItissuggestedthataUbolt
arrangementbeutilisedtoprovidetheadjustability.
ConnectionbetweenthestaywireandtheUboltcaneitherbecompressionfittingsorwedgetype
helicalconnections.
Noadjustabilityisrequiredatthetopofthestaywireassembly.
ThestrengthratingofallcomponentsmustmatchtheUTSratingofthestaywireutilised,whichmust
includeandStrengthfactorsasperSANS102801:2013.

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Figure521:ConceptualUboltassemblyforGuyedVeetowers

5.8.7

TowerLabels

Requiredlabelsonalltowersarelistedbelow.Thelabelsbelowmustappearonthetwotransversal
facesofthetowerondiagonallyoppositelegs,i.e.therearetwoofeachlabeltypelistedbelowper
tower.ThelabelsmusthaveawhitebackgroundasperBotswanastandards.Figure522illustrates
therequiredlabels.

TowerLabel:
o LineVoltage
o LineDesignation(i.e.MORBISANG2)
o TowerNumber
DangerLabel:
o BOTSWANAPOWERCORPORATION
o Dangerwarning
VerbalinEnglishandSetswana
Graphic
PhaseDiscs:
o Circularcoloureddiscsindicatingthephaselocationsonthetower
o PhasecoloursareeitherRed,WhiteandBlue

Figure522:TowerLabels

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Everytenthtoweronthelinemusthavethetowernumberattachedonthebridgeofthetowerto
facilitate maintenance by ground and aerial means. There must also be one label on both of the
transversefacesofthetower.Thelabelshouldbe750mmx300mm.

Figure523:Towernumberonevery10thtower

5.8.8

Servitudegates

Atpointswherethelinecrossesanyfenceinwhichthereisnosuitablegatewithintheextentofthe
lineservitude,theContractoristo,ontheBPCSiteRepresentativesinstruction,provideandinstalla
servitudegateasdetailedintherelevantdrawing. Wheregatesarerequired within theservitude,
these are to be installed on the centre line to facilitate stringing. The Contractor will mark these
crossingpointswhenthetowerpositionsarebeingpegged.
Theprincipalsforservitudegatesare:

Doubleleafunitsofsuitablewidthtoaccommodateconstructionvehiclesaswellasnormal
operations&maintenancevehicles,trucks,etc.
Theheightofthefenceistobegovernedbythatoftheapplicablefencewherethegateisto
beinstalled,e.g.farmfence,gamefence,etc.

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Figure524:Proposedservitudegate

5.9

Earthing

In an attempt to reduce the number of back flashover events along the line it is essential that all
structuresmustbepermanentlyandeffectivelyearthed.AccordingtoSouthAfricanpracticefora
voltagelevelof400kV,therequiredtowerfootingresistancemustbelessthan40.Itisproposed
hereinthatthisvaluebeadoptedfortheselines.

5.9.1

Towerfeettorebarconnection

The earthing connection at any particular tower must consist of an internal earthing connection
betweenthetowersteelwork(eitherthestubangle,oranchorlink,etc.)andthereinforcingsteelin
theconcretefoundationbelownormalgroundlevel,i.e.inthepadorbellofthefoundation.These
connections must be effected at each foundation point, i.e. four connections at a selfsupporting
tower and six connections at a guyedvee tower (both masts and each of the four guy anchors
connected).
Thisconnectionmustbemadewithatleast19/2.7GSW.Onthesidetobeconnectedtothetower
stubthereshallbeacrimpedlugwithanM16boltconnection.TheconnectionbetweentheGSWand
thereinforcingsteelshallbemadewithatleast2Crosbyclampsoramethodapprovedinwritingby
theEngineer.

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Stub
Earthconductor:
Crimpedandboltedtotowersteelwork

Cleat
CrosbyClamps

Figure525:Schematicconnectionbetweentowersteelandreinforcingbars

5.9.2

Terminaltowertosubstationearthmatconnection

Itispreferablethattheterminaltowershouldbeconnectedtothesubstationearthmat.However,if
thisisnotpossiblethenthemaximumtowerfootingresistancemustbe10.
Thetwolegsoftheterminaltowernearesttothesubstationshallbebondedtothemainsubstation
earthmatandshallbeattachedattwodifferentpointsontheearthmat.
Themaximumtowerfootingresistanceforthesecond,thirdandfourthtowersleavingasubstation
mustbelessthan20.

Figure526:Terminaltowerbondedtosubstationearthmat

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5.9.3

Additionalearthingcounterpoise

Ifthefootingresistanceataparticulartowerishigherthanthestatedlevelsaboveadditionalearthing,
namely semicounterpoise or socalled crowsfoot earthing, will be needed. Conversations held
withLociEnvironmental(Pty)Ltd(theenvironmentalcontrolofficersontheMorupuleBIsang400
kVLine1construction)indicatedthattherewasanapproximately40kmstretchofthelinefromthe
CapricornboundarytotheMahalapyeRivercrossingonwhichveryhighsoilresistivitylevelswere
encountered.Thistriggeredtheneedforextensiveadditionalearthingsystemsincludingthedrilling
ofdeepearthingelectrodesandbackfillingwithconductivecementtoachievetherequiredfooting
resistancelevels.Anydesignsforadditionalearthingarrangementsandsoilresistivitymeasurements
willneed to beapproved byBPCand theengineer beforeimplementationandmustbeprovento
reducethefootingresistancetoacceptablelevels.Dueattentionwillbepaidtothesoilresistivity
levelsandtheearthingsysteminthedetaileddesignoftheline.

Allanchorlinksandcounterpoiseshallbepaintedwithtwocoatsofbitumasticpaintforadistanceof
450mmabovegroundand500mmbelowground.

5.9.4

Insulatedgroundwires.

Earthconductorinsulatorsshallbe120kNunits.Whereearthconductorinsulatorsarefittedwithan
adjustablesparkgap,thearcinggapshallbesetto8mminmostcases.Insulatorsshallbeinstalledin
thefollowingcircumstances:

5.10

Wheneverthelineroutepasseswithin800mofelectrifiedrailwaytracksormetallicpipelines
alltowersinthatvicinitymusthavethegroundwireinsulatedfromthetowersteelwork.
Ifanyoforallofthesecond,third,fourthandfifthtowersfromthesubstationhavefooting
resistanceslessthan10(inthiscaseifanyofthesetowersarestraintowersthenearth
conductorjumperleadsshallbefitted).

Towers

BPChassuccessfullysecuredtherightsfromEskomtoutilisethe515Seriesofstructuresfortheir
current400kVexpansionprogramme.Thepredominanttowertobeusedovertheroutewillbethe
Guyedvee structure, the 515 B, as it is the most cost effective tower in the series. This tower is
illustratedinFigure527.

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Figure527:515BGuyedveesuspensionstructure

5.10.1

DesignCriteria

Thisseriesofstructureswasdesignedin1984andthusthedesignbasisatthetimewastheolderMOS
ActderivedloadingforaQuadWolfACSRconfiguration.Wind,weightandupliftspanshavebeen
conceptuallyrecalculatedbyworkingbackfromtheactualtestloadsforwhichthestructurewas
designed,tofindthenewspancapacityusingtheSANS102801:2013loadingcriteria.Inthiswaythe
structures are utilised to their maximum capacity whilst still complying with the latest design
standardsandreliabilitylevels.Insomeisolatedcasesthesewindspanscanbeinexcessofwhatthe
structurecanpracticallysupportbeforegroundclearancebecomescritical,andmaximumspansare
thendeterminedbythemaximumattachmentheightastructureiscapableof.

However,theContractormusttakecognisanceofthefactthatBotswanaElectricityAct(VOLUME:XVI
CHAPTER:73:01ELECTRICITYSUPPLY:SUBSIDIARYLEGISLATIONELECTRICITYSUPPLYREGULATIONS
PART IV: Overhead Lines regs 1120) has specific requirements for loading of structures within
Botswana.ThustheContractorisrequired,legally,toensurethatthewindandweightspansproposed
complywiththissetofrequirementstoo.

Load trees for the test loads can be provided to the Contractors on request in order to allow
verificationofthecalculatedwindandweightspansbelow.Iceloadingisnottobeconsideredasa
structuralloadonthisline,sincethelikelihoodofsnowfall/iceformationinthisareaisverylimited.

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5.10.1.1 WindPressure
In determining the required wind pressure acting on the supports and on the conductors, the
ContractormustutilisethedetailedmethodfromSANS102801:2013whichisbasedontheIEC60826
methodology.
ThereliabilitylevelofthelineshouldbetakenasReliabilityLevel2sincethislinewillbeinparallelto
theexisting1x400kVand2x220kVlinesbetweenMorupuleandIsangsubstation.Ifaradialfeed
wasunderdevelopmentthenitwouldmakemoresensetoemployReliabilityLevel3.

ReliabilityLevel2representsareturnperiodof150years,andtheappropriateloadfactorstobeused
fortheWindforcesare:
Loadfactorforwindspeed
=1.1
Loadfactorforwindpressure =1.21
Thesefactorsbasicallywillresultinareferencewindpressure(10minuteaverageata10mheight
aboveground)of623.8Pawhichorawindspeedof31.9m/s.
Thiswindpressuremustbeutilisedinconfirmingthetowerwindandweightspanlimitsaswellas
beingusedinthePLSCADDprofilingoftheline.

ThewindpressuresfromtheBEAstatea760Pawindactingon0,6oftheprojectedconductorarea
perpendiculartothelinedirection,withasafetyfactorof2,5ontheelasticlimitofsteelmembers.
Thisconditionmustalsobecheckedandmightinfactbethedominantcriteriawhenconsideringthe
verticalloadsonthetowerstructure.

5.10.1.2 ConductorTensions
The conductor tensions are to be derived by the requirements of SANS 102801: 2013 and are
primarilylimitedbasedonAeolianvibrationaswellasultimateclimaticloadingrequirements,these
arelistedbelowinTable518.

Table518:Conductortensionlimits

ConductorCondition

Phaseconductor

Groundwire

Aftercreepconditionat5C

Climit:2450m

Climit:2750m

AftercreepatEDT

Climit:1900m

Climit:2000m

UltimateWindLoad

70%ofUTS

5.10.2

ProfilingDetails

ThecalculationsperformedcomparingtheSANS102801:2013detaileddesigncriteriaandtheBEA
requirementstotheactualtestloadsofthetowertypesindicatesthatthefollowingprofilingdetails
canbeachieved.

Intermsofotherprofilingdetailsthelinemustbetemplatedatamaximumoperatingtemperatureof
60C.

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Insulator swing must be checked based on accurate insulator and hardware assembly details
(assemblylength,weightandwindarea)andthefollowingweatherconditions:

Stillair
MinimumSwing=120Pa
MaximumSwing=575Pa

Table519:Towerprofilingdata

Tower
Description
Type

Deviation
Angle

Wind
Span(m)

Weight
Span(m)

Uplift
Span(m)

515H

Selfsupportingheavysuspension
tower

510SANS

435BEA

515A

Selfsupportingsuspensiontower

430SANS

305BEA

515B

GuyedVeesuspensiontower

430SANS

305BEA

515C

Anglestraintower

015

500SANS

520BEA

85

515D

Anglestraintower

1535

500SANS

520BEA

85

Anglestraintower

3560

500SANS

520BEA

85

TerminalTower

375SANS

900

Selfsupportingsuspension
transpositiontower

430SANS

305BEA

515E
515G

NOTE:
SANSdominatedbySANScriteria
BEAdominatedbyBEAcriteria

5.10.3

Transposition

Duetothelengthofthelinebeinggreaterthan100kmitwillbenecessarytotransposethephase
conductorsenroutetominimisethevoltageunbalance.TheexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine
1 has a phase transposition at 1/3 points along the line, and the same approach in terms of the
transpositionlocationwillbeemployedontheproposedLine2.Ontheexistingline,thetransposition
is effected by using an inline hardware and jumper configuration to swap the phase position as
indicatedinFigure528below.

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Figure528:PhaseconductortranspositiononexistingMorupuleBIsang400kVLine1

ItissuggestedthatontheproposedLine2projectthatthephasetranspositionbeeffectedbymaking
useofthe515Gstructures(adeltaconfigurationsuspensiontower)whichcanallowforthephase
positional swap without the need for complicated hardware that is difficult to maintain and can
increase the line losses due to corona discharge. This technique is widely used by Eskom and is
illustratedbelowinFigure529.

Figure529:Phasetranspositioneffectedwith515Gsuspensiontowers

5.10.4

LivestockProofing

Inviewoftheextensivesubsistencelivestockfarmingintheregionandbasedontheimportanceof
thislivestocktothelocalcommunitiesontherouteitisproposedthattheContractormustverifyand
confirmiftowerlegdetailsmustbeequippedwithcattleguarding.

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5.10.5

AntiTheftmeasuresontowersteel

Antitheft type connections will be used on all tower members within 5m from ground level, and
within15kmfrominformalsettlementsandtownshipsasperinstructionfromBPC.

Figure530:Antithefttypebolts

5.10.6

Anticlimbingdevices

Anticlimbingdevicesmustbeinstalledoneverytowerapproximately3mabovegroundlevel.
The515Seriesoftowershasbeendesignedwithabarbedwireanticlimbingdevice,howeverthelegs
canbemodifiedtoaccommodateapalisadetypeanticlimbingdeviceatBPCrequest.

Abovetheanticlimbingdevicestepboltsshallbeprovidedononelegofeachtower,fromtheanti
climbing device right up to the earthpeak level. These bolts must be at a uniform spacing of
approximately350mm.

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Figure531:Barbedwiretypeanticlimbingdevices

5.10.7

FallArrestSystem

ItispossiblethatBPCwillrequestthataguidetypefallarrestsystemonarigidanchorageline,in
accordancewithrequirementsofStandardEN3531:2002willbesuppliedandinstalledbyasupplier
appointedbytheContractor.

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5.11

Foundations

5.11.1

FoundationCriteria

Foundation systems are designed to satisfy all the design and construction criteria of the Eskom
SpecificationTRMSCAAC1Rev.5requirements,andallrelevantcodesandstandardsaslistedinthe
specifications. This entails all the following criteria: foundation systems, design parameters, soil
classificationsandspecificationrequirements.

The foundation systems will be designed for a range of soil and rock classifications to satisfy the
followingrequirements:

Tosafelytransfertheappliedloadscontinuouslyfromthestructuretothefoundingmaterial
(soil or rock), while not overstressing structural capacity in the surrounding subgrade
(bearingsubsoilorrock)
Tolimitsettlementsanddisplacementswithinthelimitsofthestructurestolerances
To withstand loading imposed by the supported superstructure, as well as the founding
material
Tocontinuetofunctionforatleastthedesignlifeoftheline

5.11.2

FoundationSystems

TAPwillissueaseriesofconceptualconventionalfoundationdesignsforthe515Seriesofstructures
with the tender for equitable price comparison of the relative construction rates between various
Contractors.

Table520:Conventionalfoundationdesignsystems

Towertype

Foundationtype

Applicablesoiltype

Selfsupporting

Spreadertype,PadandColumnfoundations

SoilType14,&SoftRock

RockAnchors

HardRock

Guyed

Spreadertype,PadandPlinthmastfoundations Allsoiltypes
DeadmanAnchors

SoilType14,&SoftRock

RockAnchors

HardRock

Contractors must price on the conventional foundation designs, but are very welcome to submit
Alternative Proposals highlighting any costsaving to BPC if other technologies and systems are
employed,suchaspilingandmicropilingforuseincertainsoilconditions.

TheContractorsmustperformadetaileddesignofthefoundationsystemsforalltowertypesandsoil
conditionsduringthedesignperiodofthecontract.

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Table521:Alternativepiledfoundationsystems

Towertype

Foundationtype

Applicablesoiltype

Selfsupporting

Multiplepilesandcap

SoilsType1,2&SoftRock

Rockanchorsystemsconsistingofanchorsand
aconnectingcap

HardandSoftrock

Specialisedpilesystems

Collapsing/waterlogged
soil

InclinedAnchorpiles,orverticalmultiplepile
systems

SoilsType1,2&SoftRock

Guyed

5.11.3

Foundationstrengthfactors

When considering the severe impact of foundation failure, the general objective is to ensure that
foundationsaredesignedtobethelastcomponenttofailinapowerline.

Additionalstrengthfactorsareincorporatedforthenewdesignsallowingforincreasedeverydayloads
and performance inconsistencies. The longterm performance is affected by: creep and variations
withinthesoilorrock,andinconsistenciesinthevariousconstructionmaterialsused,associatedwith
constructiondifficulties,soilerosion,chemicallyaggressivefoundingmaterial,humanerror,etc.

Toensurethereliabilityofthelineaswellasapredictablefailuresequenceintheunlikelyeventofa
linesupportstructurefailure,additionalstrengthfactors,asperSANS102801:2013Table2,shallbe
appliedtothestrengthofthefoundationsasfollows:

SelfsupportingTowerFoundations:
Guyanchors:

Inclinedpilesinguyedstructures:
Centralmastfoundations:

0.83
0.75
0.7
0.9

5.11.4

FoundationLoads

Thefoundationloadsextractedfromtheoutlinedrawingsaspertheoriginaldesignandtestloadsare
listedinthefollowingtables.

Table522:Foundationloadsfor515BGuyedVeetower

UnfactoredLoads
[kN]
Tower Description

CentreMast
Compression Transverse

515B

GuyedveeSuspension

648

102

Longitudinal

GuyTension

TrueGuy
Slope
(withVertical)

317

53.3

10

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Table523:Foundationloadsfor515selfsupportingtowers

Tower

UnfactoredLoads
[kN]

Description
Uplift

Compression Transverse

TrueLeg
Angle
(withVertical)
Longitudinal

515A

LightSuspension

382

550

88

83

11.583

515H

HeavySuspension

438

530

21

14

11.583

515G

Transposition
Suspension

403

502

109

86

11.542

515C

AngleStrain:015

515

737

166

154

16.868

515D

AngleStrain:1535

642

743

186

184

18.1

515E

AngleStrain:3560
Terminal

766

976

284

231

20.13

5.11.5

SoilClassification

Apreliminarygeotechnicalinvestigationwillbeperformedbeforetheprojectgoesoutontenderin
orderforahighleveloverviewoftherelativespreadofsoilconditions,inanattempttoensurethat
tenderpricesarereasonablyclosetothefinalinstalledcost.

However, it is also important that a soil investigation (soil type nomination) is performed during
construction,atwhichpointtheprevailingsoilorrocktypeclassificationisdetermined,andasuitable
foundationsystemisselectedforeachandeverypylonpositionontheroute.
Theseinvestigationsallowforthedesignoffoundationstobemorepreciseforthetypeofsoil/rock
encountered,ratherthanadoptingaconservativedesignapproachforfoundations.

Incontrasttopastpractice,soilnominationswillbeperformedbysuitablyqualifiedprofessionals,as
appointedbytheContractor.Thischangeinpracticeisinkeepingwithinternationalpractice,andwill
greatlyreducetheriskoffoundationfailureduetoinappropriatefoundationselection,whichisone
themostcommoncausesoffoundationfailure.

A typical geotechnical investigation to determine the soil classification will involve observation of
surfaceandsubsurfacedrainagepatterns,atrialpitexcavation,manualinspectionofthesidewalls
usingageologistshammer,insitutestswithashearvaneandahandpenetrometer,andloggingof
soilconsistencydowntheexcavationsides.

Inselectedcases,orspecialiseddesigns,morethoroughgeotechnicalinvestigationsmustbecarried
outinaccordancewithaccepted,geotechnicalengineeringpracticesincludingtheimplementationof
aDeepProbeSuperHeavy(DPSH)testwillbeperformedtodeterminethecollapsepotentialofthe
soil.

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Foundations will be designed for soil classifications as defined by (TRMSCAAC1 Rev 5) and are as
follows:

5.11.5.1 SoilTypes

Type1Hard,engineeringorstrong,granularsoil
Type2Lesscompetentsoil,stiffclayordensesand
Type3Incompetentsoili.e.loosesandorsoftclay
Type4Saturatedorsubmergedsoftgroundbelowtheseasonalwatertable

5.11.5.2 RockTypes

Hardrocksolidcontinuousmoderatelyfractured
Softrockveryfractured,weatheredordecomposedrock

5.11.5.3 Specialconditionsanddesigns
IftheEIAandthepreliminarygeotechnicalinvestigationrevealanyseveregeotechnicalfindingsor
extremeconditionsapplicabletothelineconstruction,thesemustbeintegratedbytheContractor
intothefinaldesignreport.However,atthisstagethebestinformationavailabledoesnotindicate
severeorextremeconditions.

These conditionsinfluencing thegeotechnicaland constructionalaspectsare categorisedasbelow


andwillbeidentifiedwiththegeotechnicalinvestigationduringconstruction.

Difficultgeotechnicalconditions:
a) Type4soilswhichhaveshallowwatertablesorseasonalfloodedareas.
b) Shallowandoutcroppingbouldersspacedapart
c) Landorrockslideproneareasorunstableslopes
d) Sinkholesareas,minedareasorseismicallyactiveareas.

Extremeconstructionalconditions:
a) Topographyextremessuchaselevationvariationsi.e.steepslopes,cliffs,valleysanddongas.
b) Difficultaccessareasandsurfaces:Forests,Floodplains,erodiblesoils,loosesandsandsoft
andwetclaytypesoils.

If the geotechnical findings reveal any other severe or extreme conditions applicable to the
constructionofthefoundations,specialdesignsmayberequired.(Thismaybenecessaryininstances
whereforexampletheintegrityoffoundationinstallationscouldbethreatenedbyrapidlyflowing
waterandtheresultanteffectsthereof,suchasunderminingand/orincreasedlateralloads.These
towerpositionswillbeidentifiedduringthegeotechnicalinvestigation.)

5.11.6

Proofloadtesting

InkeepingwithincreasedqualityassurancemeasuresintroducedinSouthAfrica,proofloadingofguy
anchorfoundationshasbeenintroduced(refertoTRMSCAAC1Rev5).Aminimumof5%ofinstalled
anchors(whetherDeadmanorpiled)willbeprooftestedtoavalueof70%ofthefactoreddesignload.

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5.12

ConceptualHardwareDrawings

Figure532:ConceptualIStringAssembly

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Figure533:ConceptualVStringAssembly

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Figure534:ConceptualStrainHardwareAssembly

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DeclarationandDeviationSchedule

Thebidderherebydeclaresthathehasfamiliarisedhimselfwiththecontentsofthisdocumentand
alltherequirementsspecifiedwithinthisdocumentandotherrelevantspecifications.

______________________________________
BiddersAuthorizedtechnicalrepresentative

______________________________________
BidderRepresented

______________________________________
Date

ThefollowingtableisincludedforthebiddertooutlineanyConceptualDesignDeviations.Ifthebidder
disagreeswithaparticularaspectofthedesignsolution,pleaseelaborateonthisinthemethodology
statementsincludedwiththebid.

Shouldthebiddernotincludeanydeviation,itwillbeassumedthattheyareinfullcompliancetothis
conceptualdesign.
Table61:ConceptualDesignandIntegrationRequirementsDeviationSchedule

SubDiscipline

ScopeDeviation

EngineeringDeviation

Substations

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Secondary
Systems

Powerlines

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