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BRRDA

6.5 Linear Waterway :6.5.1 Alluvial Streams :- The linear waterway of the bridge across an alluvial
stream should normally be kept equal to regime width (W) of the stream.
The width can be taken equal to the wetted perimeter (P) i.e.
W = P = 4.8 Q
Where Q = Maximum Discharge in m3/s
W & P = are in metres
6.5.2 Unstable Meandering Streams :- The actual (aggregate) width of such
stream may be much in excess of the regime width required for stability. In
bridging such a stream it is necessary to provide training works that will
contract the stream. The cost of the latter, both initial and recurring, has to
be taken into account in taking the linear waterway.
6.5.3 Streams not wholly Alluvial :- The linear waterway should be made equal
to the actual surface width of the stream, measured from edge to edge of
water along the HFL on the plotted cross section.
6.5.4 Streams with Rigid Boundaries :- The linear waterway of the bridge
should be equal to the actual surface width of the stream, measured from
edge to edge of water along the HFL on the plotted cross section. Reduction
in linear waterway across some streams with moderate velocities may be
made, if it leads to tangible saving in the cost of the bridge.
6.6 Maximum Scour Depth :Rule (1) : For average conditions on a straight reach of the stream and when the
bridge is a single span structure, i.e. it has no piers obstructing the flow, the
maximum scour depth should be taken 1.27 times the normal scour depth,
modified for the effect of contraction where necessary.
Rule (2) : For bad sites on curves or where diagonal current exist or the bridge is
multi-span structure, the maxm. scour depth should be taken as 2 times the
normal scour depth, modified for the effect of contraction where necessary.
6.6.1 The finally adopted value of maximum scour depth must not be less than
the depth (below HFL) of the deepest scour hole that may be found by
inspection to exist at or near the site of the bridge.
6.7 Depth of open foundations :6.7.1 In Soil :- The minimum depth of open foundations shall be up to stratum
having adequate bearing capacity but not less than 2.0 m below the scour
level or protected scour level.

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6.7.2

In Rocks :- The minimum embedment of foundation in the rock shall be as

follows :-

(i) Hard Rock with ultimate crushing strength of 10 MPa or above = 0.6m
(ii) All other types like soft rock / erodible rocks etc
= 1.50 m
The foundation shall be securely anchored into that material.
6.7.3 All Beds :- The pressure on the foundation material must be well within the
safe bearing capacity of the material.
6.7.4 For deep foundation like well and pile foundation, depth of foundations
shall be worked out as per IRC : 78.
6.8 SPAN :
6.8.1 Length of Span :- In case of small structures on open foundation, the
following approximate relationship give economical designs.
For R.C.C Slab Bridges S = 1.5 H
Where S = Clear Span length in meters.
H = Total height of abutment or pier from the
bottom of its foundation to its top in meters.
6.8.2 Number of Spans :(i)
If the required linear waterway (L) is less than the economical span
length (S) it has to be provided in one single span.
(ii)
When L is more than the economical span length (S) the number of
spans (N) is tentatively found from the following relation.
L = NS

6.8.3 Since N must be a whole number (preferably odd) S has to be modified

suitably
6.9 Design :6.9.1 Road Top Level :- For maintaining the geometric standards of the road,
culverts and small bridges should be constructed simultaneously with the
earthwork.
6.9.2 Minimum Span and Clearance :(i) Slab culvert
:
Span = 2 m
Height = 1.5 m
(ii) Pipe culvert
:
Minimum diameter of pipe = 1.0 m.
6.9.3 R.C.C Slab culverts and Small Bridges :(i) Should be adopted where the founding strata is rocky or of better bearing
capacity.
(ii) In case where adequate cushion is not available between the top of the pipe
and the road level, R.C.C slab culvert should be adopted.

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