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Humans by nature tend to be systematic and that is achieved by proper arrangement. Humans have tried
to arrange the elements too. Efforts were made by various chemists, and Mendeleev was one of them. He
arranged the elements by atomic weight.
Electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom in different shells and sub-shells.
After the discovery of the shells and sub-shells, various physical and chemical properties of the elements
were linked to the electronic configuration. As a result, attempts were made to arrange elements by
their electronic configuration, so that their properties would obviously fall in a trend. Subsequently, the
modern arrangement is evolved wherein elements are organized by atomic number. This is known as
the modern periodic table.
The modern periodic table has elements arranged according to their electronic configurations. From left to
right, i.e., in a period, the arrangement is such that each subsequent electron is added to the same
shell. There are certain steps for writing the electronic configuration.
Step-1
Find out the atomic number of the element from periodic table. Since, in an atom, the number of protons
which is the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons, the atomic number will give you the
information about the number of electrons in that atom . Let's take the example of calcium. The atomic
number of calcium is 20.
Step-2
Follow the electron configuration chart.
Now, fill electrons by following the arrows of the electron configuration chart. Remember that the s-orbital
can accommodate a maximum of two electrons while the p-orbital sets can hold six electrons in three
orbitals. In the same way d-orbital set contains ten and f-orbital sets contain fourteen electrons in five and
seven orbitals respectively.
Step-3
After filling given electrons in the energy levels, write the electronic configuration in the given manner.
[X] [Y] [Z]
Where, X represents the energy level, Y is for the sub-shell which is named as s, p, d and f. The number
of sub-shells increases with the energy level. The number Z is the number of electrons present in a subshell.
We can represent electron configuration chart by using principle quantum number notifications also.
For filling given electrons, we have to start form the K shell and move to higher levels.
From top to bottom in a column, i.e., in a group, each subsequent electron is added to the new shell, but
in the same sub-shell, e.g., in the 1st group,
Configuration of H atomic number.1,is 1s1
Configuration of Li atomic no. 3, is 1s2 ,2s1
Configuration of Na atomic no. 11, is 1s2 ,s2,2p6 ,3s1
Configuration of K atomic no. 19, is 1s2 ,2s2 ,2p6,3s2 ,3p6,4s1
and so on till Neon, the last element.
The number of valence shell electrons in an atom would determine the way it will interact with other atoms
and therefore determines its chemical properties.
Thus the outermost configuration, which is responsible for various properties such as valency, oxidation
states, etc., remains same. Hence in a group, the physical and chemical properties are same.To illustrate,
the halogens are strong electronegative elements.
Element
s-block element
ns1
p-block element
ns2 , np 1-6
d-block element
f-block element
1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2 3p6 3d10
4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14
5s2 5p6 5d10
6s2 6p1
The following table shows the electron configuration chart of the elements of the periodic table.
Atomic
Number
Name of
element
Symbol
Grou Electron
p
Configuration
Hydrogen
1s1
Helium
He
18
1s2
Symbol, group/series/block
and Comments
Group 0/18 Noble Gas,
Lithium
Li
[He] 2s
Beryllium
Be
[He] 2s2
Borom
13
Carbon
14
[He] 2s 2p
p-block, Gp4/14,
Nitrogen
15
p-block, Gp5/15,
Oxygen
16
[He] 2s 2p
Fluorine
17
10
Neon
Ne
18
[He] 2s 2p
1
11
Sodium
Na
[Ne] 3s
12
Magnesium
Mg
[Ne] 3s2
13
Aluminium
Al
13
14
Silicon
Si
14
p-block, Gp6/16,
p-block, G p7/17 Halogen,
p-block, Gp 0/18 Noble Gas,
Gp1 Alkali Metal,
s-block, Gp2 Alkaline Earth
Metal,
[Ne] 3s 3p
p-block, Gp3/13,
p-block, Gp4/14,
15
Phosphorus
15
p-block, Gp5/15,
16
Sulphur
16
p-block, Gp6/16,
17
Chlorine
Cl
17
[Ne] 3s 3p
18
Argon
Ar
18
19
Potassium
[Ar] 4s
20
Calcium
Ca
[Ar] 4s2
21
Scandium
Sc
22
Titanium
Ti
23
Vanadium
24
Chromium
Cr
25
Manganese
Mn
26
Iron
Fe
27
Cobalt
Co
28
Nickel
Ni
10
29
Copper
Cu
11
30
Zinc
Zn
12
31
Gallium
Ga
13
p-block, Gp3/13,
32
Germanium
Ge
14
p-block, Gp4/14,
15
10
[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
p-block, Gp5/15,
10
33
Arsenic
As
34
Selenium
Se
16
[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
p-block, Gp6/16,
35
Bromine
Br
17
10
36
Krypton
Kr
18
[Ar] 3d 4s 4p
37
Rubidium
Rb
[Kr] 5s1
38
Strontium
Sr
[Kr] 5s2
39
Yttrium
40
Zirconium
Zr
41
Niobium
Nb
42
Molybdenum
Mo
43
Technetium
Tc
44
Ruthenium
Ru
45
Rhodium
Rh
46
Palladium
Pd
10
[Kr] 4d10
47
Silver
Ag
11
48
Cadmium
Cd
12
49
Indium
In
13
p-block, Gp3/13,
50
Tin
Sn
14
p-block, Gp4/14,
15
10
[Kr] 4d 5s 5p
p-block, Gp5/14,
10
51
Antimony
Sb
52
Tellurium
Te
16
[Kr] 4d 5s 5p
p-block, Gp6/16,
53
Iodine
17
10
54
Xenon
Xe
18
[Kr] 4d 5s 5p
55
Cesium
Cs
[Xe] 6s1
56
Barium
Ba
[Xe] 6s2
57
Lanthanum
La
58
Cerium
Ce
101
59
Praseodymium Pr
101
60
Neodymium
Nd
101
61
Promethium
Pm
101
62
Samarium
Sm
101
63
Europium
Eu
101
64
Gadolinium
Gd
101
65
Terbium
Tb
101
66
Dysprosium
Dy
101
67
Holmium
Ho
101
68
Erbium
Er
101
69
Thulium
Tm
101
70
Ytterbium
Yb
101
71
Lutetium
Lu
101
72
Hafnium
Hf
d-block element
73
Tantalum
Ta
d-block element
14
[Xe] 4f 5d 6s
d-block element
14
d-block element
74
Tungsten
75
Rhenium
Re
[Xe] 4f 5d 6s
76
Osmium
Os
d-block element
14
d-block element
77
Iridium
Ir
[Xe] 4f 5d 6s
78
Platinum
Pt
10
d-block element
11
14
10
[Xe] 4f 5d 6s
d-block element
14
10
d-block element
79
Gold
Au
80
Mercury
Hg
12
[Xe] 4f 5d 6s
81
Thallium
TI
13
82
Lead
Pb
14
83
Bismuth
Bi
15
84
Polonium
Po
16
85
Astatine
At
17
86
Radon
Rn
18
87
Francium
Fr
[Rn] 7s1
88
Radium
Ra
[Rn] 7s2
89
Actinium
Ac
90
Thorium
Th
102
91
Protactinium
Pa
102
92
Uranium
102
[Rn] 5f 6d 7s
93
Neptunium
Np
102
102
94
Plutonium
Pu
[Rn] 5f 7s
95
Americium
Am
102
[Rn] 5f 7s
96
Curium
Cm
102
97
Berkelium
Bk
102
[Rn] 5f 7s
98
Californium
Cf
102
[Rn] 5f107s2
11
99
Einsteinium
Es
102
[Rn] 5f 7s
100
Fermium
Fm
102
[Rn] 5f127s2
101
Mendelevium Md
102
13
14
[Rn] 5f 7s
102
Nobelium
No
102
[Rn] 5f 7s
103
Lawrencium
Lr
102
[Rn] 5f146d17s2
14
104
Rutherfordium Rf
[Rn] 5f 6d 7s
105
Dubnium
Db
[Rn] 5f146d37s2
106
Seaborgium
Sg
[Rn] 5f146d47s2
107
Bohrium
Bh
[Rn] 5f146d57s2
Radioactive element
108
Hassium
Hs
[Rn] 5f146d67s2
Radioactive element
14
Radioactive element
109
Meitnerium
Mt
[Rn]5f 6d 7s