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15.00 m.
CHAPTER
4" Conc. Slab
4.50m.
.- Co", S~bl
MASONRY
5 Inches slab
PLAN
60 cm.
'I 40 cm.
40cm.
Cross Section of Beam
Cross Section of Girder
FIGURE
1-19
6. Using class "A" mixture, list down the concrete materials for
following:
4.50m.
5.00m.
5" thick
11
noor
sla b
2-1 CONCRETEHOLLOWBLOCKS
25em.
3.00m.
5.00 m.
5.00m.
5.00m.
.
PLAN
4.00m.
FIGURE 2-1 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
18 ",,";
:,::
Concrete hollow blocks has three whole void cells and two half
2.00m.
12"
Cross Section of Beam
FIGURE 1-20
38
cells at both ends having a total of four. These cells vary in sizes
as there are different manufacturers using different maids. Hence
it is suggested that bigger cell of manufactured blocks b~ adopted
to obtain a more reliable estimate.
39
The materials requiredfor a concrete hollow block work comprises of the following items:
'j. Number of concreteblocks
3.00 m. = 15 layers
.20
15 x 10 =Q50 piece0
Wall footing-4.00M.
3.00m.
1
3
5
7
9
1.00 m.
...
2
1/2
4
6
12
8
10 11
ELEVATION
PLAN
FIGURE2-2
FIGURE 2-3
40
41
1.00 11"1.
MASONRY
'i
ILLUSfRATION 2-2
Continuing the problem of illustration 2-1 , determine how many
bags of cement and sand needed to install the 150 pieces CHB
- Class
Mixture
Cement in Bags
40 kgs.
50 kgs.
1
1
1
1
18.0120
9.0
7.5
Sand
CubicM.
A
B
C
D
:
:
:
:
2
3
4
5
14.5
9.5
7.0
6.0
1.0
'1.0
1.0
1.0
1. By Volume Method
2. By Area Method
3. Per Hundred Block Method
20 cm.
FIGURE 2-4
V = .0048 cu. m.
Ir
{
-1
~:
m.
42
4. Find the total volume of hollow cells for the 150 CHB.
Multiply:
V = 150 x .003 = 0.45cu.m.
5. Add the results of step 2 and step 4 to get the total volume
OH
Total Volume
= .072 + 0.45
V = .522 cu. m.
43
MASONRY
SOLUTION
40 kg. Cement
CHB Size
B
4.200
8.104
12.000
10 x 20 x 40
15 x 20 x 40
20 x 20 x 40
in Bags
Mixture
C
3.152
6.072
9.000
sand
0
2.624
5.064
7.504
.-
.-
.350
.675
1.000
Bags Cement
Size of CHB
cm.
10x20x40
15 x 20 x 40
20 x 20 x 40
40 kg.
Mixture
No. per
sq. m.
50 kg.
lAivhrre
C
CU.m
12.5
12.5
12.5
1.500
1.125 0.938 1.188 0.875 0.750 .1250
.
J.Qpcs. = 1.5
100
.'
Comment:
2. Refer to Table 2-2. Along 10 x 20 x 40 CHB under 40 kg.
cement class "B" mixture; Multiply :
Cement:
Sand:
45
..
MASONRY
SiMPLiFIED CONSTRUcrioNESTIMATE
3. Aside from the cement mortar for block laying, plasteringis
another thing to consider for which Table 24 w~s prepared
for this purpose.
SOLUTION
-2(
x 4.00 x 2 faces
A = 24 square meters.
Mixture
Class
A
B
C
D
Sand
16 mm Thick
.288
.192
.144
.120
.016
40 kg. Cement
20 mm Thick
.360
.240
.180
.150
,.020
25 mm. Thick
.450
.300
.225
.188
.025
::::::&9111.:..
lu.__n__pu__n__,
V = .016 x 24
V = .384 cu.m.
15.00
m.
2.00m.
l
j
i
I
I"
Multiply :
Cement:
.384 x 12.0 = 4.6 bags
S'and : .384' x 1.0 = .384 cu. m.
'..
46
.FIGURE 2-5
.47
MASONRY
ILLUSfRATION 2-3
required.
I
I
I
I
I
!~
~
.
4. Solve for the cement mortar. Referto Table 2-2. Using class
"B" mixture for a 15 x 20 x 40 CHB;
Multiply:
Cement:. 93 sq. m. x 1.013 = 94.2 say 95 bags
Sand: 93 sq. m. x .0844 = 7.85 say 8 cu. m.
5. Solve for the cement plaster. Refer to Table 2-4. Using
16 mm thick plaster, class "B" mixture; Multiply :
93 sq. m. x 2 sides = 186 sq. m.
.15
ELEVATION
Concrece post
Summary
2..15
om CHO
~25
POST SECTION
FENCE SECTION
.FIGURE 2-6
SOLUTION
Comment:
Net Area = 100 sq. m. - (.25 width x 2.50 ht. x11 pes.)
. = 93.1 say 93.0 sq. m.
[
a wasteoftime.
.""
. '48
~,
hurry.
Multiply:
I
49
MASONRY
ILLUSTRATION 2-4
Concrete Hollow Block wall is always supported by a cqntinuous wall footing of various thickness and width. The thickness and
the width of the wall footing depends upon the size ofthe concrete
blocks and the load it has to carry.
For practical purposes, Table 2-5 was prepared for easy refer-
SOLUI'ION
i:
t
40 kg. Cement
A
B
30
35
'40
50
40
45
50
60
40
50
60
.270
.315
.360
.450
.540
.608
.675
.810
.720
.900
1.08
50 kg. Cement
B
A
Aggregate
Sand Gravel
CU.m. cu.m
Multiply:
10
10
10
10
15
.15
15
15
20
20
20
.225
.263
.300
.380
.450
.506
.563
.675
.600
.750
.900
.210
.245
.280
.350
.420
.473
.525
--;630
.560
.700
.840
.180
.210
.240
.300
.360
.405
.450
.540
.480
.600
.720
.015
.018
.020
.025
.030
.034
.038
.045
.040
.050
;060
CHB
t ~t~t18*Jit1~1~2~illif;
CHB
i
!
pC
-,
50
CHB
,i
.030
.035
.040
.050
.060
.068
.075
.090
.080
.100
.120
Multiply:
Footing
MASONRY
L2J .
3.00
.10cm.CHB
2.50
5.00
.10 "",,::;',
FlOOR PLAN
I:;ill:'ill!i-*::m::~1
.60.
CONCRETE POST
FIGURE2-7
SOLUfION
= 3.80 meters
.40
CHB
= 91.20meters
~ ..
52
Multiply:
Cement: 380 x .192 = 73 bags
Finesand: 380 x .016 = 6.1cu.m.
9. Materials for CHS footing. The net length of the CHS wall is
.~.
..
-.::::::;::..--
A. Solvingfor CHB
= 2,850 p~.
6. Find the cement and sand for block laying. Refer to Table
2-2. Using 10 x 20 x 40 CHB under 40 ~. cement class "S"
mixture; Multiply:
150
.15
= 228 sq. m.
.20
.5.00
53
MASONRY
V =, 2.4 CU.m.
;1
1
I
i
i
3.48 CU.m.
,1.2Om.
, .
3.00
3.00
3.00
.50
15 x 20 x 40 CHB
Plastered
Summary
12.00m.
ELEVATION
:!
FIGURE 2-8
1.1.20
The quantity found is sufficientenough for the proposed project. However,a littleallowance should be considered for break-
54
2.70
on tv.o ,sides
10X20X4OCHB
2.40
2.00
3.00
EEEJ
1.50
.2.10.Eflj
15x2Ox4O
CHB
. 8.00
FRONT
FIGURE
55
15x2Ox4O
ELEvATION
2-9
5.00
CHB
3.00
MASONRY
19
.1
'i1
19 cm.
19
Block
Half Block
19c;'l\
19em
19cm
19cm
~'
-.
'. 56
if:
..
Half Block'
FIGURE 2-10
57
h
r
SIMPUFIED CONSTRUcnON
ESTIMATE
MASONRY
f:;
Class of Mixture
Size
cm.
Sand
cu.m.
Gravel
cU.m.
9.19
6.23
7.20
4.88
4.32
4.06
.67
.30
.83
.25
8.67
5.90
6.87
4.67
5.78
3.89
.60
.41
.93
.65
Stretcher Block
2- core - 20 cm.
100 pieces single end block, 120 half block, 100 corner blocks and
80 pieces beam block. Determine the quantity of cement sand and
gravel necessary to install the wall 20 centimeters thick.
SOLUTION:
1. Convert the quantity of each block type into a unit of 100.
2. Refer to Table 2-6. Using class "B" mixture:
Multiply:
i
i
Cement:
"
Single End Block
2- core - 20 cm.
,
2- core-15 cm.
2- core - 10 cm.
Half Block
20 x 20 cm.
15 x 15 cm.
Beam Block
~
2- core - 20 cm.
2- core - 15 cm.
8.85
6.12
4.2 .
6.98
4.82
5.82
4.02
.63
.44
3:15
2.63
.35
3.98
2.70
3.15
2.14
2.63
1.78
A
8.78
B
7.32
C
5.85
.49
.98
5.85
4.88
3.90
.33
.65
.28
'
.16
.90
.60
Sand:
,
1,500 x .67
100
= 10 cu. m.
-,A mixture
;,
"
Cement:
Sand:
,Gravel:
.
<
,,;
,~
,
1!
I;
'
ILLUSTRATION 2-6
i
!
!'
i
-.
'.
58
MASONRY
:Le
'~O)
Summary
169 bags portland cement
13 cu. m. sand
16 cu. m. gravel
!
r,..... .. '"
Cl..!,.
o..!.
O..!,.
O.
I,.....",
55 x 215 x 125 mm
I:
.0 0.0
'A
0-0
0.0
""-0 O='O
ITALIAN
!
I
!
i
I
00
~(Q)(Q)
ggQ)
BOLIVIAN
CEMENTANDSANDPER 100BLOCKS
I'
Size
cm.
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
.f.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Number
per sq. m.
200
133
100
80
50
40
33
10
15
20
25
20
25
30
Sand
per
100 blocks
.010
.015
.020
.025
.040
.050
.060
0
LUZ
q.Q
&
~g~
t
i
i
i
i
{
'!.
L
i.
}'
r
t,
~k
t
6 x
10 x
10 x
10 x
10 x
10 x
h
12 x
14 x
14 x
24 x
14 x
19 x
I
19
19
23
24
39
39
..
38.5
33.3
27.8
16.0
16.7
12.5
A
.346
.612
.684
.882
.972
1.062
- 60
B
.230
0408
0456
.588
.648
.708
100blocks
.0192
.0340
.0380
.0490
.0540
.0590
O?J
Oq 1>0<1
at]
Q<.:I qlJ
1>0<1 1>00
/:Jot! r10t
EIQL5
TABLE 2-8 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR VARIOUS
TYPES OF BRICKS PER HUNDRED BLOCKS
Size
Number
40 kg. Cement
Mixture Class
cm.
persq. m.
Sandper
r;1l)
1atJ
q17l=]
Doa
r1Ati
CORINTHIAN
&1
ROMAN
FIGURE2-11
61
MA~ONRY
No. per
sq.m.
15x15x45
15x20x45
15 X 30 X 30
15x 30x40
15 X30 X 45
. Average
12
10
11
8
6.5
40 kg. Cement
Classof Misture
B
D
C
.281
.252
.228
.208
.190
.211
.189
.176
.158
.143
.130
.119
.171
.156
.143
50 kg. Cement
Class of Mixture
B
C
D
.222
.164
.200 '.147
.180
.133
.141
.126
.114
.165
.151
.104
.095
.122
.111
500cm.
45
Sand
cU.m.
.024
.021
.019
.017
.016
Buttress
t
li'
'::
!
~
~;
U~
".
30 X 45
45x45
45x60
45x75
45 x 95
150
Groundline
0
2
3'
4
5
6
12
18
24
30
36
FIGURE 2-14
AND SAND
SOLUTION
A. ADOBE STONE
'
1. Determine the length of the fence minus the space occupied by the buttresses.
11'
~
'I
'
.027
.029
;027"
.032
.034
.021
.0/2
.021
.024
.025
.017
:018
.017
.020
.021
.0023
.0025
.0023
.0026
.0028
Le'ngth
~'
"'
ILLUSl'RATION 2-7
Multiply:
From Figure 2-14, compute for the quantity of stone, cement
and sand using class .C. concrete.
'
0".
. -64
~
.30
thickness = 20 mm.
,:'
uttress
PLAN
j
"
500cm.
65
MASOl'l'RY
Cement:
1j2 x .021
.26cu. m.
2.00m. x 4 posts
"
8.00m.
"C" mixture;
Multiply :
= .18 cu. m.
I
,):
1. Find the total surface area of the wall plus the surface
area of the buttresses to be plastered.
I"
I.
buttressfooting.
15.00~. - (.45 x 3)
Length
= 13.65 m.
.~ ,."
= 15.00m. +
= 16.2 m.
Area = 16.2 m:
'",-,:.,"
2 (.15) + (.15
x 6)
x .1.50m. height
, A = 24.3 sq. m.
13.65m. x 6 = 82 pes.
F,
c. Cement Mortar
1
t
!
5
~
.-
Multiply:
.'
Cement~' :~:'28.20"x.211
Sand:' 2820 x .024
= .68
Multiply:.
"
I!
66