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SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE

15.00 m.

CHAPTER
4" Conc. Slab
4.50m.

4" Cone. Slab


4.50m.
\

.- Co", S~bl

MASONRY

5 Inches slab

PLAN

60 cm.

'I 40 cm.

n this study. what we want to know is the quantity of materials


for a certain structure made of concrete hollow blocks. Concrete

40cm.
Cross Section of Beam
Cross Section of Girder
FIGURE

1-19

6. Using class "A" mixture, list down the concrete materials for
following:

4.50m.

5.00m.
5" thick

11

noor

sla b

2-1 CONCRETEHOLLOWBLOCKS

25em.

3.00m.

Hollow Blocks popularly known as CHB are classitied as bearing


and non-bearing blocks. Load bearing blocks are those whose.
thickness ranges from 15 to 20 centimeters and are used to carry
load aside from its own weight.
Non-bearing blocks on the other hand, are blocks which are
intended for walls, partitions, fences or dividers carrying its own
weight whose thickness ranges from 7 to 10 centimeters.

5.00 m.

5.00m.

5.00m.
.

PLAN

4.00m.
FIGURE 2-1 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK

18 ",,";

:,::

Concrete hollow blocks has three whole void cells and two half
2.00m.

12"
Cross Section of Beam

FIGURE 1-20

38

cells at both ends having a total of four. These cells vary in sizes
as there are different manufacturers using different maids. Hence
it is suggested that bigger cell of manufactured blocks b~ adopted
to obtain a more reliable estimate.
39

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE


MASONRY

The materials requiredfor a concrete hollow block work comprises of the following items:
'j. Number of concreteblocks

SOLUTION-1 (By Fundamental Method)


1. Divide the i:l'ight of the wall by the height of one block.

2. Qua:'ltity of cement and sand for block laying.


3. Cement, sand and gravel filler for the hollow core or cell.
4. Cement and fine sand for plastering.
5. Cement sand and gravel for CHS footing and posts.
6. Reinforcing steel bars and Tie wire.
Estimating the quantity of concrete hollow block could be done
in either of the following methods:

3.00 m. = 15 layers
.20

2. uj\'ide the length of the wall by the length of one block.


4.00 m. = 10 pes.
AO

3. Multiply the result of step 1 and step 2

1. Sy the Fundamental Method and


2. Sy the Area Method

15 x 10 =Q50 piece0

ILLUSTRATION 2-1 (By Fundamental Method)

SOLUfION -2 (By the Area Method)


A concrete hollow block wall partition has a general dimensions
of 3.00 meters high by 4.00 meters long. The wall specify the use
of 10 x 20 x 40 cm. CHS and plastered on both sides using class
"S" mixture.Listdownthematerialsrequired..
.

1. In one square meter, there are 12.5 pieces CHS. Thu


multiply the area of the wall by 12.5.
Area of the wall = 3.00 x 4.00
A = 12 sq. m.
.. Multiply: 12sq. m. x 12.5 = C!50 piec:v
2.

10x 20x 40 CHB wall


Ground line

Wall footing-4.00M.

3.00m.

1
3
5
7
9

1.00 m.
...
2
1/2
4
6
12
8
10 11

ELEVATION
PLAN

FIGURE2-2
FIGURE 2-3

40

41

1.00 11"1.

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE

MASONRY

2-2 ESTIMATINGCEMENT MORTAR

TABLE 2-1 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR MORTAR


AND PLASTER MIXTURE PER CUBIC METER

After knowing the number of blocks needed for a particular


masonry work, the next step is to find the partnerof masonryblock
called mortar. Cement mortar is a mixture of cement, sand and
water. It is used as bonding materials in installing masonry blocks
and other various plastering work.

'i

ILLUSfRATION 2-2
Continuing the problem of illustration 2-1 , determine how many
bags of cement and sand needed to install the 150 pieces CHB

using class "B" mixture?

- Class

Mixture

Cement in Bags
40 kgs.
50 kgs.

1
1
1
1

18.0120
9.0
7.5

Sand
CubicM.

A
B
C
D

:
:
:
:

2
3
4
5

14.5
9.5
7.0
6.0

1.0
'1.0
1.0
1.0

3. Aside from the cement mortarused-inbetween block layers.


there are 4 hollow core or cell per block to be filled up with
mortar. Find the volume:

There are three solutions offered in findingthe cement mortar:


li

1. By Volume Method
2. By Area Method
3. Per Hundred Block Method

20 cm.

SOLUTION - 1 (By Volume Method )


HOLLOW CELL OF 4" x 8" x 16'" CHB

1. Determinethe volume ofthe mortarin between layersof the


blocks assuming 12 mm. (1/21 or .012 meters thick.

FIGURE 2-4

Volume = Thickness.x width x length


V = .012 x .10 x 4.00 -

Volume = .05 x .075 x- .20 x 4 cells


V = .003 cu. m.

V = .0048 cu. m.

Ir

{
-1

2. Take note that 3.00 meters highwall divid~ by 20


heightof one blockis = 15 layers.Thus,multiply:
V = 15 x .0048
V = .072cu. m.

This .072 is the total volume of the mortar in between the


15 layers block.
.

~:

m.

42

4. Find the total volume of hollow cells for the 150 CHB.

Multiply:
V = 150 x .003 = 0.45cu.m.
5. Add the results of step 2 and step 4 to get the total volume
OH

Total Volume

= .072 + 0.45

V = .522 cu. m.

43

MASONRY

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE


6. Refer to Table 2-1. Using 40 kg. cement class "B" mixture;
Multiply :
Cement: .522 x 12.0 = 6.26 say 7 bags.

Sand: .522 x 1.0 = .522cu. m.

The Hundred Block Method is the third solution offered for


simpler approach with the aid of Table 2-3.

TABLE 2-3 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND PER 100BLOCKS

SOLUTION

-2 (By the Art'JlMethod)

40 kg. Cement

CHB Size

Anotherway of finding the mortar for block laying is by the Area


Method with the aid of Table 2-2.

TABLE 2-2 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR CHB


MORTAR PER SQUARE METERW ALL

B
4.200
8.104
12.000

10 x 20 x 40
15 x 20 x 40
20 x 20 x 40

in Bags

Mixture
C
3.152
6.072
9.000

sand
0
2.624
5.064
7.504

.-

.-

.350
.675
1.000

1. Find the area ef the wall multiply by 12.5.

Bags Cement
Size of CHB
cm.
10x20x40
15 x 20 x 40
20 x 20 x 40

40 kg.
Mixture

No. per

sq. m.

50 kg.
lAivhrre
C

3.00 X 4.00 m. = 12 sq. m. x 12.5 = .150 blocks.


Sand
0

CU.m

12.5
12.5

0.525 0.394 0.328 0.416 0.306 0.263 .0438


1:013 0.759 0.633 0.802 0.591 0.506 .0844

12.5

1.500
1.125 0.938 1.188 0.875 0.750 .1250
.

2. Convert to a' unit of 100

J.Qpcs. = 1.5
100
.'

1. Find the area of the wall.


Area = 3.00 x 4.00
A = 12 sq. m.

3. Referto Table 2-3. Under Class "B" mixturefor a 10x 20 x


40 cm CHB, multiply:

Cement: 1.5 x 4200 = 6.3 bags


Sand :- 1.5 x .350 = .52cu. m.

Comment:
2. Refer to Table 2-2. Along 10 x 20 x 40 CHB under 40 kg.
cement class "B" mixture; Multiply :
Cement:
Sand:

12 x 0.525 = 6.3 say 7 bags


12 x .0438 = .52 cu. m.

SOLUTION 3 (By the Hundred Block Method)


.44

1. Comparing the result of the three methods, the answers


are practicallythe same.
2. We have learned how to find the number of blocks and the
materials required for block laying in three different ways.
As.to which method will be used, depends upon the choice
and convenience of the estimator.

45

..
MASONRY

SiMPLiFIED CONSTRUcrioNESTIMATE
3. Aside from the cement mortar for block laying, plasteringis
another thing to consider for which Table 24 w~s prepared
for this purpose.

SOLUTION

-2(

By the Area Method)

Find the area of the wall (two sides)


Area = 3.00

x 4.00 x 2 faces

A = 24 square meters.

MORTAR FOR PLASTERING


Estimating the cement mortar for plastering can be done in two
different ways:

2. Refer to Table 24. Under 16 mm thick plaster class "8"


mixture; Multiply:
Cement: 24 x .192 = 4.6 bags
Sand: 24 x .016 = .384 CU.m.

1. By the Volume Method


2. By the Area Method

TABLE 2-4 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND


FOR PLASTERING PER SQUARE METER

ILLllSTRATION -1 ( By the Volume Method)


Continuing the above problem, find the quantity of cement and
. fine sand to plaster the 3.00.m. x 4.00 m. wall on two sides.
1. Find the area of the wall ( two faces)

A = 3.00 x 4.00 x 2 faces


A = 24 square meters
2. Assuming that the plaster is 16 mm. (.016) thick, determine
the volume of the plaster.

Mixture
Class
A
B
C
D
Sand

16 mm Thick
.288
.192
.144
.120
.016

40 kg. Cement
20 mm Thick
.360
.240
.180
.150
,.020

25 mm. Thick
.450
.300
.225
.188
.025

::::::&9111.:..

lu.__n__pu__n__,

Determine the quar)tity ot15 x 20 x 40 CH8, cement and sand


for block laying and plastering one side of the fence.

V = .016 x 24
V = .384 cu.m.

15.00

m.
2.00m.

3. Refer to Table 2-1. Using 40 kg. cement class "B" mixture;


,

l
j
i

I
I"

Multiply :
Cement:
.384 x 12.0 = 4.6 bags
S'and : .384' x 1.0 = .384 cu. m.
'..
46

.FIGURE 2-5

.47

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE

MASONRY

ILLUSfRATION 2-3

93 sq. m. x 12.5 = 1.163 pieces

The owner of a commercial lot wants to fence the frontage of


his lot with a 15 x 20 x 40 cm. concrete hollow blocks. The
proposed fence is 2.50 meters high and 40.00 meters long provided with a 25 x 25 cm. reinforced concrete posts spaCedat 4.00
meters distance. Using class "B" mixture, list down the materials

required.
I
I
I

I
I

!~

~
.

4. Solve for the cement mortar. Referto Table 2-2. Using class
"B" mixture for a 15 x 20 x 40 CHB;

Multiply:
Cement:. 93 sq. m. x 1.013 = 94.2 say 95 bags
Sand: 93 sq. m. x .0844 = 7.85 say 8 cu. m.
5. Solve for the cement plaster. Refer to Table 2-4. Using
16 mm thick plaster, class "B" mixture; Multiply :
93 sq. m. x 2 sides = 186 sq. m.

.15

ELEVATION

Cement: 186 x .192 = 35.7 say 36 bags


Sand: 186 x .016 = 2.97 say 3 cu. m.

Concrece post

Summary

2..15

om CHO

~25

1.163 pes..15x 20.x 40 cm. CHB


131 bags portland cement
. 11 cubic meter sand

POST SECTION

FENCE SECTION

.FIGURE 2-6

SOLUTION

Comment:

1. Solve for the gross area of the fence.

GrossArea = 2.50 x 40.00 .


= 100sq. m. .
2. Minus the area occupied by the posts.

Net Area = 100 sq. m. - (.25 width x 2.50 ht. x11 pes.)
. = 93.1 say 93.0 sq. m.
[

3. Solve for the number of CHB. Refer to Table ?-2;

a wasteoftime.

.2. Take note that the quan!ity of concrete hollow blocks is


'computedfrom the top elevation down to the footing. The
wall area from the ground line down to the footing is
commont)' overtook by most estimator who are always in a
.

.""
. '48

~,

be considered in one computation. otherwise. computing


back to determine the quantity of its plaster is considerably

hurry.

Multiply:
I

1. In the above example, what is considered for plastering is


the two sides of the concrete blocks. The area covered by
the posts is excluded. But for practical purposes. it has to

49

SIMPLIFIED CONSI'RUCTION ESTIMATE


- 2-3

MASONRY

CONCRETE HOLLOWBLOCK FOOTING

ILLUSTRATION 2-4

Concrete Hollow Block wall is always supported by a cqntinuous wall footing of various thickness and width. The thickness and

Continuing the problem of illustration 2-3, Figure 2-6, if the wall


footing is 15 centimeters thick and 50 centimeters wide, determine

the width of the wall footing depends upon the size ofthe concrete
blocks and the load it has to carry.
For practical purposes, Table 2-5 was prepared for easy refer-

the quantity of cement, sand and gravel ne~essary using class A


concrete.

ence in this study of estimate.

SOLUI'ION

(By the VolumeMethod )

1. Find the volume of the footing


TABLE 2-5 QUANTITYOF CEMENT,SANDANDGRAVEL
FOR CHBFOOTINGPER METER LENGTH
Dimension
Centimeters

Cement in BagsClass Mixture

i:
t

40 kg. Cement
A
B

30
35
'40
50
40
45
50
60
40
50
60

.270
.315
.360
.450
.540
.608
.675
.810
.720
.900
1.08

50 kg. Cement
B
A

Aggregate
Sand Gravel
CU.m. cu.m

40 meters - (.25 x 11 posts) = 37.25 meters.


V = .15 x .50 x 37.25 m.
V = 2.79 say 2.8 cu. m.
2. Refer to Table 1-2. Using class "A" concrete;

Multiply:
10
10
10
10
15
.15
15
15
20
20
20

.225
.263
.300
.380
.450
.506
.563
.675
.600
.750
.900

.210
.245
.280
.350
.420
.473
.525
--;630
.560
.700
.840

.180
.210
.240
.300
.360
.405
.450
.540
.480
.600
.720

.015
.018
.020
.025
.030
.034
.038
.045
.040
.050
;060

CHB

t ~t~t18*Jit1~1~2~illif;
CHB

i
!

pC

-,

50

Cement: 2.8 x 9.0 = 252 say 26bags


Sand: 2.8 x .50: 1.4 say 1.5cu. m.
Gravel: 2.8 x 1.0 = 2.8 say 3.0 CU.m.

SOLUI'ION - 2 (By theLinear Meter Method )


1. Solve for the net length of the CHB wall.

Net length-: 40 m. - (.25 x 11 posts)


= 37.25meters .
2. Refer to Table 2-5. Along the 15 x 50 cm. footing dimension
40 kg. cemel1t class "A" mixture;

CHB
,i

.030
.035
.040
.050
.060
.068
.075
.090
.080
.100
.120

Multiply:
Footing

-Cement: 37.25- x .675.= .25.14say 26 bags


Sand: 37.25x .038 = 1.4 say 1.5 CU.m.
Gravel: 37.25 x .075 = 2.8 say 3.0 cu.m.
51

MASONRY

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE

n..LUSTRA TION 2-5

4. Find the net area of the CHB wall fence.

From the 'followingfigure, prepare the bill of materials using


class "B"concrete mixture.
rTl.20
5.00

L2J .

3.00

.10cm.CHB

2.50

5.00

.10 "",,::;',

FlOOR PLAN

I:;ill:'ill!i-*::m::~1
.60.

CONCRETE POST

FIGURE2-7

SOLUfION

Findthe perimeter of the hollow block fence.


P = 3 ( 25.00) + 2 ( 10.00 )
P = 95.00 meters

~Subtract the length occupied by the posts.


Length = .20 width x 19 pes. (see figure)

= 3.80 meters

Cement: 228 x 0.525


119.7 say 120 bags
Sand: 228 x .0438 = 9.98 say 10 cu. m.

.40
CHB

7. If two sides of the wall will be plastered, then:

95.00m. x 2 sides x 2.00 m. ht.


Totalarea = 380sq. m. (includingthe posts)

8. For plastering, referto Table 2-4. Using16 mm.thickplaster


class "S" mixture;'

= 91.20meters

~ ..

52

Multiply:
Cement: 380 x .192 = 73 bags
Finesand: 380 x .016 = 6.1cu.m.
9. Materials for CHS footing. The net length of the CHS wall is

91.20 meters. Refer to Table 2-5. Using10 x 40 ern.footing


class 'B" mixture;Multiply: .
.
.

.J-. Net len!Jth of CHS = 95.00 - 3.80

.~.
..

-.::::::;::..--

Take note thatthe height is only 2.00 meters because we do not


plaster the wall below the gr.ound line.

A. Solvingfor CHB

= 2,850 p~.

6. Find the cement and sand for block laying. Refer to Table
2-2. Using 10 x 20 x 40 CHB under 40 ~. cement class "S"
mixture; Multiply:

150
.15

= 228 sq. m.

5. Find the number of 10 cm. CHS. Refer to Ta'ble 2-2;


Multiply:
CHS = 228 x 12.5

.20

.5.00

Area = 91.20 x 2.5m.ht.

Cement: 91.20 x .300 = 27.36 say 28 bags


Sand: 91.20 x .020 =1.82 say 2.0cu.m.
Gravel: 91:20 .x .040 =

53

3.64 say 4.0 cu. m.

MASONRY

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE


8. Find the materials for the concrete posts.
. '

Volume = 20 posts x .20 x .20 x 3.00 m.ht.

V =, 2.4 CU.m.

9. Find the volume of the footing.

;1

Volume = 20 footings x. .15 x .60 x .60


V = 1.08 cu. m.

1
I

i
i

10. Total volume of post and footings

-add step 8 and 9.

Totalvolume = '2.4 + 1.08


V

1. A residential lot has a general dimensions of 15.00 by 20.00 m~


ters withthe shorter side frontinga street The owner desires to have it
fenced with a 10 cm. thick concrete hollow blocks 2.60 meters high
from the ground linewithits footingexcavate~ 60 centimeters belowthe
ground line. The fence willbe supported by a 25 x 25 cm. concrete post. ,
spaced at 5.00 m. distance providinga 5.00 m. drive way. Specifyinga
general mixtureof class "8" concrete, prepare the billof materials.
2. From the followingfigures. compute the quantity of materials required for its constructionusing cla.ss"8" mixture.

3.48 CU.m.
,1.2Om.

, .

11. Refer to Table 1-2. Using class "B" Mixture;


Multiply:
..
Cement: 3.48 x 7.5 = 26.1 bags

3.00

3.00

Sand: 3.48.x .50


1.74cu. m.
Gravel: 3.48 x 1.0 = 3.48 cu. m. gravel

3.00
.50
15 x 20 x 40 CHB
Plastered

Summary

12.00m.
ELEVATION

2850 pes. 10 x 20 x 40 cm. CHB


247 bags portland cement
20 cubic meters sand
8 cubic meter gravel

:!

FIGURE 2-8
1.1.20

The quantity found is sufficientenough for the proposed project. However,a littleallowance should be considered for break-

age of concrete blocks,bags of cement and other inevitable


wastages duringthe processofconstruction.
. Sand forexample,whenscreenedforplasteringinvolvewastage. which could not be avoided. Mixing of concrete .and mortar
may not be uniformed as specified which might result to shortage
of cement or extra bags after the construction.
~-

54

2.70

on tv.o ,sides

10X20X4OCHB

2.40

2.00

3.00

EEEJ

1.50

.2.10.Eflj

15x2Ox4O
CHB
. 8.00
FRONT
FIGURE

55

15x2Ox4O

ELEvATION

2-9

5.00

CHB

3.00

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE

MASONRY

2-4 SPECIAL TYPES OF CONCRETE HOLWW BLOCKS


The common and ordinary type of concrete hollow blocks are

those with four hollowcore as explainedin Section2-1. How-

19

ever, there are other types specially designed for architectural


and structural purposes. One of which is the concrete blocks with
two hollow core or cells.
The purposeof manufacturing these types of block is to create
a wider cell to accommodate concrete and steel reinforcement
The estimating method is similar with the ordinary blocks using
the constant value of 12.5 pieces per square meter and 25 pieces
for half block although this half. block is usually determined by
direct counting.
.

.1
'i1

2 Core l~ Corner Block

19 cm.
19

It will be noticed that the thickness of the block is only used in


estimating the cement mortar for block.laying and as filler of the
hollow core. It is the side portion which is being used in estimating the number or quantity more particularly the Area Method.
VViththe introduction of these special types of hollow blocks,
housing projects are being constructed eliminating the use of reinforced concrete posts because the wall is designed as a continuous interlocking support of the roof framing. Corner block and
Stretcher blocks are used on corners provided with reinforcement instead of concrete post. VViththis method, cost of forms is
felt as a big savings.
If cement mortar is solely used in block laying and as filler of
the hollow core, cost will be substantially high because of the
higher content of cement in proportion with sand. However, cost
could be reduced materially if the hollow core filler is a mixture of
mortar and graveL Experience proved that masonry worker could
hardly observed the used of concrete as filler because it is more

2 Core Single End

Block

Half Block

19c;'l\

19em

19cm

19cm

Single End Block

convenient for them to use only' mortar rather t~an concrete.


<

~'

Hence, estimating cement mortar as filler is a safe estimate.

-.

'. 56
if:

..

Half Block'

FIGURE 2-10

57

h
r

SIMPUFIED CONSTRUcnON

ESTIMATE

MASONRY

f:;

TABLE 2-6 QUANTITY OF CEMENT, SAND AND GRAVEL


,

PER HUNDREDSPECIALTYPESOF CONCRETEBLOCKS


40 kg. Cement

Class of Mixture

Size
cm.

Sand
cu.m.

Gravel
cU.m.

9.19
6.23

7.20
4.88

4.32
4.06

.67
.30

.83
.25

8.67
5.90

6.87
4.67

5.78
3.89

.60
.41

.93
.65

Stretcher Block
2- core - 20 cm.

2- core -15 cm.


L-Corner Block
2- core - 20 cm.

2- core -15 cm.

100 pieces single end block, 120 half block, 100 corner blocks and
80 pieces beam block. Determine the quantity of cement sand and
gravel necessary to install the wall 20 centimeters thick.

SOLUTION:
1. Convert the quantity of each block type into a unit of 100.
2. Refer to Table 2-6. Using class "B" mixture:
Multiply:

a.) 1;500pieces StretcherB10ck

i
i

Cement:

"
Single End Block
2- core - 20 cm.
,

2- core-15 cm.
2- core - 10 cm.

Half Block
20 x 20 cm.
15 x 15 cm.
Beam Block
~

2- core - 20 cm.
2- core - 15 cm.

8.85
6.12
4.2 .

6.98
4.82

5.82
4.02

.63
.44

3:15

2.63

.35

3.98
2.70

3.15
2.14

2.63
1.78

A
8.78

B
7.32

C
5.85

.49

.98

5.85

4.88

3.90

.33

.65

.28
'

.16

.90
.60

1,500 x 9.19 = 138 bags


100

Sand:
,

1,500 x .67
100

= 10 cu. m.

Gravel: 1,500 x .83 = 12.45cu. m.


100
.45
.30

b.) 100 pieces Single'End Block


Cement: 1.0 x 8.85 =8.85 bags
Sand: 1.0 x .63 = .63 cu. m.
Gravel: 1.0, x .90 = .90 cu. m.
,

c.) 120 pieces Half Block


Mortar

-,A mixture

Cement: 1.2 x 3.98 = 4.78 bags


Sand :. 1.2 x .28 = .34 cu. m.
Gravel: 1.2 x .45 = .54 cu. m.

of cement and sand for block laying

Concrete - A mixture of cement, sand gravel and water used


to fill the hollow core or cells.
~
)

;,

"

Cement:
Sand:
,Gravel:
.

<

,,;
,~
,

1!

I;

'

d.) 80 pieces Beam Block


.80 x 8.78 = 7.0 bags
.80 x .49 = .39 CU.m.
.80 x .98 = .79 cu. m.

ILLUSTRATION 2-6

i
!

The values given are combination of mortar for block laying


and concrete for hollow core filler. How t9 use the table consider the followingillustration:'

!'
i

A masonry wall requires 1,500 pes 2-core stretcher blocks,

-.

'.

58

e.) 120 pieces L - Corner Block

Cement: 1.2 x 8.67 = 10.4bags


59

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE

MASONRY

Sand: 1.20 x .60 = .72cu. m.


Gravel: 1.20 x .93 = 1.12cu. m.

:Le

'~O)

Summary
169 bags portland cement
13 cu. m. sand
16 cu. m. gravel
!

r,..... .. '"

Cl..!,.

o..!.
O..!,.

O.

I,.....",

55 x 215 x 125 mm

Decorative blocks are made out from either cement mortaror


clay. These type of construction materials had been widely used
for ventilation and decorative purposes.

I:

.0 0.0

'A

2-5 DECORATIVE BWCKS

0-0
0.0

""-0 O='O

ITALIAN

!
I

!
i
I

00

~(Q)(Q)

ggQ)

BOLIVIAN

100 x 180 x 180 mm

TABLE 2-7 QUANTITY OF DECORATIVE BLOCKS,

CEMENTANDSANDPER 100BLOCKS

I'

Size
cm.
5
5
5
5
10
10
10

.f.

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

Number
per sq. m.
200
133
100
80
50
40
33

10
15
20
25
20
25
30

40 kg. Cement Mortar


Class Mixture
A
B
.120
.180
.270
.180
.360
.240
. .450
.300
.720
.480
.900 .
.600
1.080
.720

Sand
per
100 blocks

.010
.015
.020
.025
.040
.050
.060

0
LUZ

100 x 140 x 240 mm

q.Q

&

~g~

t
i
i

i
i
{
'!.
L
i.

}'
r
t,

~k

t
6 x
10 x
10 x
10 x
10 x
10 x

h
12 x
14 x
14 x
24 x
14 x
19 x

I
19
19
23
24
39
39

..

38.5
33.3
27.8
16.0
16.7
12.5

A
.346
.612
.684
.882
.972
1.062

- 60

B
.230
0408
0456
.588
.648
.708

100blocks
.0192
.0340
.0380
.0490
.0540
.0590

O?J

Oq 1>0<1

at]
Q<.:I qlJ
1>0<1 1>00
/:Jot! r10t

EIQL5
TABLE 2-8 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR VARIOUS
TYPES OF BRICKS PER HUNDRED BLOCKS
Size
Number
40 kg. Cement
Mixture Class
cm.
persq. m.
Sandper

r;1l)

1atJ
q17l=]

Doa
r1Ati

100 x 250 x 250 mm

CORINTHIAN

&1
ROMAN

100 x 230 x 250 mm

FIGURE2-11
61

MA~ONRY

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUcnON ESTIMATE


500cm"

TABLE 2-9 QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR ADOBE


MORTAR PER SQUARE METER.
Com.Size

No. per
sq.m.

15x15x45
15x20x45
15 X 30 X 30
15x 30x40
15 X30 X 45

. Average

12
10
11
8
6.5

40 kg. Cement
Classof Misture
B
D
C
.281
.252
.228
.208
.190

.211
.189

.176
.158
.143
.130
.119

.171
.156
.143

50 kg. Cement
Class of Mixture
B
C
D
.222
.164
.200 '.147
.180
.133

.141
.126
.114

.165
.151

.104
.095

.122
.111

500cm.

45

Sand
cU.m.

.024
.021
.019
.017
.016

Buttress

BUTTRESS and FOOTING


Buttress
No.
Number
cross
,of
of stone
section course
Derm. ht.

t
li'

'::
!

~
~;

U~

".

30 X 45
45x45
45x60
45x75
45 x 95

150

Groundline
0

2
3'

4
5
6

12
18
24
30
36

FIGURE 2-14

AND SAND

SOLUTION

Cement Mortar per Stone


40 kg. Cement
Class of Mixture
Sand
B
CU.m.
C
0

A. ADOBE STONE

'

1. Determine the length of the fence minus the space occupied by the buttresses.

11'

~
'I

'

.027
.029
;027"
.032
.034

.021
.0/2
.021
.024
.025

.017
:018
.017
.020
.021

.0023
.0025
.0023
.0026
.0028

= 15.00 m. - (.30 x 3 posts)


L = 14.1meters.

Le'ngth

2. Solve for the net area of the wall.

~'

Net area = 14.10 m. x 2.00 m~ht.


An = 28.20 meters

"'

ILLUSl'RATION 2-7

3. Refer to Table 2-9. Using a 15 x 15 x 45 cm. adobe stone;

Multiply:
From Figure 2-14, compute for the quantity of stone, cement
and sand using class .C. concrete.

'

28.20 x 12 = 338.4 say 339 pes.

0".

. -64
~

.30

thickness = 20 mm.

TAJ!&LE2-10 QUANTITY OF ADOBE STONE, CEMENT


FOR BUITRESES AND FOOTINGS

,:'

uttress

PLAN

j
"

500cm.

65

SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCI'ION ESTIMATE


B. BUTl'RESS

MASOl'l'RY

Cement:

1j2 x .021

Sand: 112 x .0023

= 2.35 say 3 bags


=

.26cu. m.

1. The total height of the four posts :


3. Fence Footing = 82 pes. Refer to Table 2-10. Using class

2.00m. x 4 posts

"

8.00m.

"C" mixture;
Multiply :

2. Referto Table 2-10. Using a 30 x 45 buttress;


Multiply:

Cement: 82 pes. x .021


Sand: 82 pes. x .0023

= 1.72 say 2 bags.

= .18 cu. m.

8.00 x 12 pes. per meterheight = 96 pieces


:.. 4 (see table2-10)

Add the stone footingper buttress

D. CEMENT PLASTER (One Face)


(

96 + (4 pes. x 4 posts) = 112pes.

I
,):

1. Find the total surface area of the wall plus the surface
area of the buttresses to be plastered.

3. Lengthof the fence minus the space occupied ~ the

I"
I.

buttressfooting.

15.00~. - (.45 x 3)

Length

= 13.65 m.

.~ ,."

4. Multiplyby 6 stone per meter length (See Table 2-10).

= 15.00m. +

= 16.2 m.

Area = 16.2 m:
'",-,:.,"

2 (.15) + (.15

x 6)

x .1.50m. height

, A = 24.3 sq. m.

13.65m. x 6 = 82 pes.
F,

2. Refer to Table 2-11. Using 40 kg. cement class "c" mixture;


Multiply:

c. Cement Mortar

Cement: 24.3 x .225 = 5.5 say 6 bags


Sand :,-24.3x .025 = .61 cu. m.

1. Fencewallarea = 2820 sq. m.


'i'.

1
t
!

5
~

.-

Refer to Table 2-9.-Using cfass C.mixture 4,0kg. cement

Multiply:

.'

Cement~' :~:'28.20"x.211
Sand:' 2820 x .024

5.95 say- 6 bags


say 7 cu. m.

= .68

2. Buttress(post)and Footing = 112 pieces


Referto Table 2-10. Using cfass .C. mixture 40 kg.cement

Multiply:.
"

I!

66

3. This is for one side plaster only.However,if two sides


willbe plastered,doublethe quantity.
SUMMARY

533 pes. 15 x 15 x 40 Adobe stone


17 bags portland cement.
2.0 cubic meter sal'!d
67 .

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