oe UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL SCHOOL OF STATISTICS & ACTUARIAL SCIENCE Test 2 October 1, 2014 COURSE AND CODE GB BIOSTATISTICS METHODS (STAT305) INSTRUCTIONS: © Answer ALL questions. © The marks for each question are indicated. © Time allowed is 1 ¥% hours © Give your answers on the exam paper.UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL EXAMINATIONS 1 October 2014 Biostatistics Methods (Stat305) 2 QUESTION 1 a) List the different conditions under which the Fisher’s exact test is more preferable to asymptotic chi-square tests | 4 points | (0) When Fhe expectes! Cell Curty ore less Phan S ( Small sample ) 7 (QD) blhen te datibr tom ti — (3) [hon the date are Sparse Gare] (yg) Unbalanced hate Pimeaell Gis b) Explain briefly what we mean by sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. [3 points) Sensvitg = PC test PoScRYe disease = the number of People classA#red @s olcseased Ly He thagprrstc test over Be total nambor $ eae ete Pecdeec 2 ie fo de people ¢ 2 ce Ad Bod — arnt En teste fe assa ecu: 14 poins/ “4 When the results f margcnal assecceton (Gembined table) demonstrate a dffevad ASS0 cca him from fhe asse coutim of Parka tibles Comdctonal assouxtin) then & oS called Sompsor's PavadotUNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL EXAMINATIONS 1 October 2014 Biostatistics Methods (Stat305) 3 4) Suppose an investigator is interested in evaluating whether or not treatment regimens differ by gender. The following table displays the number of male and female patients according to their treatment regimens. Based on the data, is there evidence of a significant relationship between gender and treatment regimen among the patients? Use @ =0.05 [8 points } Gender “Treatment Regimen Diet and Oral Insulin Total exercise __| Hypoglycemies Female I 147 435 256 338 Male 147 392 323 362 Total 204 827 379 7700 monde Fegurran Oe fee conde or Ce sec) t / 2germe Hn Gender and Heed ss0cced) dont (thote & cre. heper a eS", Mag aL iO be = oak = El bee ouch 62 1) 7° ay ta! eo Coll (A pe Gg 3 etl(a2)- (evple—UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL EXAMINATIONS Biostatistics Methods (Stat305) QUESTION 2. Given we have a pair of 2 by 2 contingency tables , bath of which provide information about the same dichotomous random variables representing exposure and disease, but that originate from two distinct studies. The following data come from two studies that investigate risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer. 1 October 2014 Study 7 Disease ‘Term Pregnancies status None [One or more Total Cancer 31 80 ii No cancer 5 379 a2 Total 124 459 383 ‘Study 2 Disease Term Pregnancies status None [One or more Total ‘Cancer 39 149 188 No cancer 7 465 339 Total 113 614 THT 5 a) Estimate the odds ratio of developing ovarian cancer for women who have never had a term pregnancy versus women who had one or more for both studies. (2 points) b) Based on the odds ratios , compare the odds of developing ovarian cancer for the two groups of women. ©) Test the homogeneity of odds ratio for the two studies.( 6 points) ((2 points) 4) Calculate the estimate of the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio and interpret. (4 points) ©) Test the null hypothesis that the common odds ratio is equal to 1. Explain what this null hypothesis indicates with reference to the data. (6 points) Ww OR stacy | eee C43 (8) ORsrayre (33) 6 = eH (I¥4) = Gi)GH) =/-5%4 64UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL EXAMINATIONS | October 2014 Biostatistics Methods (Stat305) 6 A722 Sous tbe $3 y ( oe (0440) ) (ip.axousr +t) ipa t20 83) ae x Al = : ; a tee Jo done WO fee?" ae -nte Week Ge coe ik Le dont e ros fe! cone — Ads od Perea eee D pu a Fhe pop oak at yo ce 4wo a ode ee Sant i os au 5 e (A) Umin ee adi 4 ade es aa) ane N oe yer _— bar W2* hia + ——UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL EXAMINATIONS 1 October 2014 Biostatistics Methods (Stat305) 7 The test sigbetkic 7 fa f [Ee 5 eta)|~ Ye) Zz vyoar( Ge ) 4° a [ (a, +e _ (ecote@n) | av Vartar) + var(ar) gra 7. of | Carey = 58 2 1s0r +183 i ° Hen we cesect MH ee a vd odels CMe” The Samm a to 1: a i : 4 “ 7 7 et Her 0! me pee eeennalag “aed thot ylo ro eS ee ot fs ve nen a ee tern ppd»Pore f ighor odds F deve F cance ¢UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL EXAMINATIONS 1 October 2014 Biostatistics Methods (Stat305) 9 Some quantities and formulas: Hoos(l) = 3.84 Zins(2) = 5.99 Zoos =1.96 where 6, =log(W,) and — 2 4aidiiny al HO bein)UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL EXAMINATIONS 1 October 2014 Biostatistics Methods (Stat305) 10 n m E(a,) = S71 ang ny Pel ett tattle va a ,) = ae ar may 2 re) {f= «1-5 ecok $f 2 X mh ue nL var(In(RR)) =——Pe 4 Pe n, D. n, Py var(In( W )) oan et + td a c d o|- Confidence interval s In RR) + Z SS .e Cin( RR )) In vw) + Z of S.e (In Ww ))