The Effect of Different

Amounts of
Clinoptilolite on the
Health of Radish
Plants

Abstract
This experiment investigated whether the addition of Clinoptilolite to soil would affect
the health of Early Scarlet Globe Radish plants. The hypothesis was that If 5%, 10%, and 15%
Clinoptilolite are added to a soil mixture with 30% organic waste and the remaining percents of
topsoil, then the group with 15% Clinoptilolite will be the healthiest. Current farms use
conventional chemical fertilizers that are harmful to the environment. Clinoptilolite, a natural
globally abundant mineral, is more cost effective than conventional fertilizer. First, seeds were
sown in 1500 mL soil mixtures, one with 70% topsoil and 30% organic waste, one with 65%
topsoil, 30% organic waste, and 5% Clinoptilolite, one with 60% topsoil, 30% organic waste, and
10% Clinoptilolite, and one with 55% topsoil, 30% organic waste, and 15% Clinoptilolite were
mixed. Then, the plants were watered and measured over a 19 day period. Then, the plants were
massed and the roots measured. Chlorophyll was then extracted and calculated, using a Spec-20
and Arnons equation. Soil tests were then performed. The control group had the greatest
average height, at 5.384cm, Level 2 had the greatest number of plants, at 34.Level 2 had the
greatest amount of chlorophyll, at 0.04147mL/gram of leaf matter. Level 1s plants had the most
mass, at 6.71 grams. Level 2s leaf matter had the most mass, at 3.92 grams. Overall, Level 2
had the healthiest plants, contrary to the hypothesis of level 3 having the healthiest plants.
Introduction
Zeolites are one of the most abundant minerals in the world, being mined in many
countries across the globe. Although zeolites have been on this earth for hundreds of millions of
years, they were only recently discovered to be an economical alternative to traditional fertilizing
agent. Zeolite is cheaper than conventional fertilizer. Since zeolites are naturally occurring, they

produce minimal pollution. This would be very useful for all farming applications, especially
third world countries and rural farmers, who cannot afford conventional fertilizer. Fertilizing
properties of zeolite are a recent, important discovery, with huge ramifications, if properly
applied.
Zeolite is a broad term, with many variations and types. Clinoptilolite is the best
zeolite for a fertilizer. The chemical compound of clinoptilolite is (Na, K, Ca)2 - 3Al3(Al,
Si)2Si13O36. It is in the class of silicates, a member of the subclass of sub silicates, part of the
group of Zeolites, part of the family of heulandites. Clinoptilolite is hydrated sodium potassium
calcium aluminum silicate. Clinoptilolite can be used as a gas absorber, chemical sieve, odor
neutralizer, and fertilizer. The reason for its versatility is that it is highly porous. It absorbs
toxins naturally, in air, water, and soils. Clinoptilolite is able to hold a large amount of moisture.
All of these contribute towards being a feasible fertilizing source. Clinoptilolite is commonly
found in Mexico, Southeastern United States, China, Canada, Italy, and Turkey. It is vitreous in
luster.(mineral gallery) Clinoptilolites Chemical compositionZ is 1.89 percent Potassium, .46
percent Barium, 3.21 percent Sodium, and .90 percent Calcium. It is .02 percent Manganese,
6.60 percent Aluminum, .39 percent iron, 30.32 percent Silicon, 1.52 percent Hydrogen, and
54.68 percent Oxygen. Clinoptilolite has an average density of 2.15.(Clinoptilolite-Na).Since the
Chernobyl disaster 500,000 tons of Clinoptilolite has been used to help contain and eliminate
toxins. The Romans used Clinoptilolite to purify water from their aqueducts. In the 1980s, it
was used to clean pool water in the United States and Europe.(zeolite fun facts). Zeolite is one
of the most abundant minerals in the zeolite family, causing it to be cheap and easily attainable
worldwide. Clinoptilolite has been used to remove strontium and cesium from radioactive
wastes, because it is an ion exchanger.
3

There are many commercial fertilizers on the market for consumers. With all of the
options, consumers are confused about which one is the best for their needs, in price and
nutrients. Many options are generic fertilizers, for unspecified plants, just for general health and
growth of plants. For these, the three main nutrients needed are phosphorous, nitrogen, and
potassium. Nitrogen is a large factor in the growth and healthiness of foliage. It helps early
plant growth and causes plants to keep growing leaves. Phosphorous helps with seed production
in plants. Potassium helps plants resist disease and causes an increased vigor. There are liquid,
granule, and slow release fertilizers. Liquid fertilizers are normally applied with watering.
Granule fertilizers are applied at the first planting, mixed in with the soil, or on top of the soil, at
a later time. Slow release fertilizers come in granule form, but are specially formulated to
release nutrients slowly(Harrington n.d). When picking out fertilizers, you must pay attention the
numbers on the bag. There will be three numbers, separated by dashes. The first number is the
percent of Nitrogen in the mix. The second number is percent of Phosphorous, and the third is
Potassium. These numbers are important in knowing your plant specifics and requirements.
Fertilizers can be very expensive, for a large scale farm. This is where Clinoptilolite comes in.
When combined with an organic waste high in nitrogen, Clinoptilolite will be an excellent
fertilizer.
One of the studies the researcher read, the researcher tested clinoptilolite on the growth of
corn (Zea mays L.).(Krystle A. Rabai, 2013) The things tested were commercial fertilizers,
alone, and mixed with clinoptilolite, and regular soil. This was very useful to the researcher, as it
is evidence that clinoptilolite is a useful fertilizer. This document was very useful in scientific
reasoning and formulas that can, hopefully, extrapolated and applied to the researchers designs.

Another study the researcher examined was about using Clinoptilolite as a fertilizer in
coal waste tainted soil. (J.Leggo, 2013). This demonstrates the cleansing effects and natural
purifying benefits of Clinoptilolite. Even in coal waste, plants grew healthily with the addition
of clinoptilolite based fertilizer. This is another validation of the previous data the researcher
gathered.
A third study the researcher examined was the uses of clinoptilolite in agriculture. (Ersin
Polat, 2004). This contains lots of scientific data and explanations for the uses of clinoptilolite.
This research contains information about the ion exchanging properties of clinoptilolite. It also
includes data about feed additive properties of clinoptilolite. It provides many references and
data charts, useful in the researchers experiment.
The researcher was interested in this project because his family gardens excessively, and
has relatives with a farm. Commercial fertilizers are expensive and in poorer countries, difficult
to access. This will help with crop growth worldwide. The researcher hypothesized that if 30%
Clinoptilolite and organic waste mix is applied to Wisconsin fast plants (Brassica Rapa), then the
greatest plant growth, in height, mass, and leaf count will occur. The independent variable was
the concentration of clinoptilolite and organic waste mixture in topsoil. The dependent variables
were plant height, number of leaves, and plant mass. The researcher was using Brassica Rappa
because it will reach full flowering in a minimal number of weeks. Theresearcher learned
whether Clinoptilolite is an effective fertilizer or not. This will help third world countries, and
rural farmers, as Clinoptilolite is cheap and easily accessible.
Methods and Materials
First, wearing gloves, Create four 1500mL of soil mixtures, one with 70%
Hyponex potting soil and 30% organic humus and manure mixture, one with 65%
5

Hyponex potting soil, 30% organic humus and manure mixture, and 5% Zeomax
Clinoptilolite, one with 60% Hyponex potting soil, 30% organic humus and manure
mixture, and 10% Zeomax Clinoptilolite, and one with 55% Hyponex potting soil, 30%
organic humus and manure mixture, and 15% Zeomax Clinoptilolite. Next place 150mL
of soil mixture into each of 10 3 inch plant pots for each level and place each level into a
different tray. Next, water with 15mL tap water, each two days, with 1 1000mL beaker of
tap water in the tray for extended duration of absence. Next, place in a Plant Lab with
Gro-Lux lights on a twelve hour on, twelve hour off cycle. After growing for 19 days,
and measuring with a metric ruler, use a scoopula to loosen dirt around plant and remove
plant. Then, clean the roots, measure the root length and mass the plants and leaf matter
using a balance. Then, wearing gloves, a lab coat, and goggles, grind 1 gram of leaf
matter and 5mL of 99.5% pure reagent grade isopropyl alcohol, measured with a 10mL
graduated cylinder and pipettes, with and mortar and pestle for five minutes for every
level. After that, pour into a funnel lined with number 8 filter paper and wash the mortar
and pestle with 3mL distilled water. Pour this water into the funnel, allowing to drain
into a 10mL graduated test tube for 24 hours. Place alcohol into the test tube until 10mL
of liquids are present. Cap and shake. Then, place into Spec-20 test tubes and run a 645
and 663nm test for each level, using the absorbance setting on the Spec-20. Record
numbers and input into Arnons Equation. Then, perform soil tests on the soils of each
level with a Rapitest soil test kit.
Results
This experiment was originally designed to test whether the addition of
Clinoptilolite would affect the health of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants. Data was collected

using excel spreadsheets And graphs were made of mass, average height, and growth of each
plant level over time. ANOVA and t-tests were performed through fathom.
First, the heights of radish plants were compared using an ANOVA test. The resulting pvalue was 0.0092, which means that there is a statistically significant difference in heights.
Then, t-tests were performed for control and level 1, control and level 2, control and level 3,
level 1 and level 2, level 1 and level 2, and level 2 and level 3.The control and level 1 and control
and level 2 resulted in values less than 0.05, which means that there was a statistical difference
between the groups. The remainder of tests resulted in a value over 0.05, meaning that there was
no statistical difference. The t-values and p-value may not be accurate due to the limited trial
size. A difference in number of plants may have created bias in the data.
Conclusion and Future Studies
The original hypothesis was that If 5%, 10%, and 15% Clinoptilolite are
added to a soil mixture with 30% organic waste and the remaining percents topsoil, then
the group with 15% Clinoptilolite will be the healthiest. This hypothesis was disproven,
as Level 2 was the healthiest overall. The control group was the tallest, but level two had
the most leaf matter, as well as the greatest number of plants and greatest amount of
chlorophyll. Level 1 was second healthiest, with the greatest overall mass, second
highest leaf mass and second most plants. Control was third healthiest, with tallest plants
and second most chlorophyll. Level 3 was the least healthy, with no values being first or
second greatest.
One of the improvements that could have been made to this
experiment is a longer growth time. This would have enabled more
height data, as well as a chlorophyll test for each pot, not each level as
7

was done. Another improvement that could have been made to this
experiment is a greater number of plants. This would have allowed
more data and a more accurate mean.
One of the future studies that could be experimented upon is an exact replica of
this experiment except with a different plant. This could test if Clinoptilolite improves
the health of all plants
References
Clinoptilolite-Na. (n.d.). Retrieved from Mineral data: http://webmineral.com/data/ClinoptiloliteNa.shtml
Ersin Polat, M. K. (2004). USE OF NATURAL ZEOLITE (CLINOPTILOLITE) IN ARGICULTURE.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research , 183-189.
Harrington, J. (n.d.). How does plant fertelizer work? Retrieved from garden guides:
http://www.gardenguides.com/76968-plant-fertilizer-work.html
J.Leggo, P. (2013). Enhancing the Growth of Plants on Coal. International Journal of Environment and
Resource , 59-66.
Krystle A. Rabai, O. H. (2013). Use of formulated nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound
fertilizer. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture (EJFA) , 713-722.
mineral gallery. (n.d.). Retrieved from the mineral clinopilolite: http://www.galleries.com/Clinoptilolite
zeolite fun facts. (n.d.). Retrieved from zeocem: http://www.zeocem.com/interesting-facts-about-zeoliteclinoptilolite

Appendix
Photo 1: First Plant Measurement

These photos were taken on January 13, 2014. This photo was the first measurement of plant
height. The top left photo is the control group. The top right photo is Level 1. The bottom left
photo is level 2. The bottom right photo is level 3.
Photo 2: Plant Leaf Mass

This photo was taken on January 29, 2014. This photo shows the leaf matter from level 2. The
mass of the leaf matter is 3.91 grams, the most of all levels.
Photo 3: Mineral Clinoptilolite

10

This picture was obtained from

http://www.netartsbaytoday.org/html/zeolites_of_oceanside.html. This picture shows

Clinoptilolite as a large, pure mineral. The type used in the experiment was granulated.
Table 1: Control Group

Plant
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Day Day Day Day Day Day

4
5
6
7
8
15
1.2
2.4
2
3.3
3.7
6.5
1.4
1.7
2.1
2.6
4.1
4.8
0.5
0.7
3.3
3.6
3.3
6
0.6
1
2.2
3.9
4
5.1
2.3
2.5
3.2
2.5
3.2
5.5
0.9
1.1
3.7
3
2.6
5.6
2.8
2.8
2
4.4
5.1
4.3
0.3
0.5
1.5
3.1
2.7
7.4
2.2
1.1
3
2.6
4.1
6.6
0.5
2.2
1.3
1.6
3.6
6.5
0.4
0.9
4.5
4.8
3.2
1.1
0.3
3.6
1.2
2
1.2
4.5
1.7
0.8
2.5
3.6
3.8
5.3
0
1.9
2.9
3.2
5.4
5.7
0
2.3
2.8
3.3
1.8
5.2
0
1.8
2
2.7
4.2
7.7
0
1.5
2.6
1.7
3.7
7.1
0
2.2
1.5
3
3.6
5.7
0
1.6
2.9
2
2.1
2.6

Da Da
y
y
18 19
5.4 6.1
4.6 4.4
5.1 5.6
4 5.5
5.7 5.6
6.5 5.7
3 3.6
4.8 5.6
8
8
7.4 7.5
7.1 6.9
4.4 3.9
1.3 1.9
6.2 5.6
6.1 6.1
7.1 7.1
6.2 6.3
6 6.2
6.4
7
11

20
21
22
23
24
25
Average
Height

0
0
0
0
0
0
1.1
615
3

0
0
0
0
0
0
1.7
157
8

0
0
0
0
0
0
2.4
842

0.9
3.1
0.7
3.6
0
0
2.8
347
8

3.1
2.3
1.4
3.1
0
0
3.2
739
1

4.1 3.1 3.9

3.4 4.9 5.1
5.5 5.9 4.3
5.2 4.3 4.9
0 3.6 6.4
0 0.9 1.4
5.2
782 5.1 5.3
6
2 84

This table shows the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over time in
the control group. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown.
The average heights of germinated plants are shown at the bottom of the table.
Table 2: Level 1

Plant
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Day
Day
Day
Day 4 Day 5
Day 6
Day 7
Day 8 15
18
19
1.7
2.2
3.2
0.7
4.6
5.2
5.9
5.4
0.7
2.8
1.9
3.6
4
5.1
6.2
6.2
1.6
1.7
3.6
4.2
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.9
2
1
1.2
3.3
2.6
3.7
4.3
3.4
0.2
2.2
1.9
3.7
1.8
3.9
3.1
3.1
2.4
2.9
2.5
2.5
0.9
2.5
3.4
4.7
1.7
2.8
3
1.8
1.8
3.2
4
4.1
2
1.2
1.4
3.2
2.4
3.7
4.1
4.3
2.3
1.3
1.9
3.8
2
3.9
3.5
4.4
2.8
2.4
1.7
1.6
5.2
6.1
4.5
5
1.8
2.3
4.4
2.2
4.2
4.1
6.2
6.6
1.6
2.5
3.6
3.4
3.7
4.7
4.4
4
2.4
2.3
2.4
4.5
4
3.9
4.2
4.4
2
3
1.4
1.3
3
5.9
3.6
4.4
1.1
2.2
3
2.6
4.1
3.9
4.8
4
1.2
2.2
3.1
4.2
2.5
4.5
4.1
6.1
0
2.6
3.2
3.6
3.3
4
4
4.1
0
1.7
3.1
3.2
2.2
4.5
2.4
3.4
0
2.2
3.3
2.1
2.7
5.1
4.7
4.6
0
2.2
1.2
3.4
3.8
5.1
4.6
4.4
0
1.4
1.8
3.1
4
4.2
4.2
4.1
0
0
2.9
2.7
3.2
4
3.4
3.6
0
0
2.8
2.8
3.4
4.4
4.1
4.8
0
0
2.7
3.2
3.8
3.5
4.2
3.4
12

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average
Height

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.718
75

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1476
19

1.7
2.5
1.9
2.8
0
0
0
2.5035
71

2
1.6
3.2
3.7
2.1
0
0
2.8724
14

2.6
2.2
3.3
2.2
3.3
4.6
2.6
3.187
09

2.6
3.8
3.7
3.5
1.2
5
2.9
4.07
74

3.4
4.6
3.5
3.1
4.3
3.5
4.3
5.2
2.3
3.4
5.5
0
2.6
0
4.14
5 4.386

This table shows the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over time in
level 1. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown. The
average heights of germinated plants are shown at the bottom of the table.
Table 3: Level 2

Plant
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

Day 4
Day 5
Day 6
Day 7
Day 8
3.1
3.5
1.3
1.6
2.1
2.4
1.3
1.2
5.2
0.5
2.2
3
1.6
1.7
2.5
0.3
1.4
1.9
2.3
5.5
1.6
0.6
2.1
2
2.5
1.9
2.9
3.6
4
2.7
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.5
4
1.6
0.3
1.9
2.5
2.5
1.2
0.5
1.4
1.3
2.8
2.2
1.2
2.1
2.2
1.9
1.6
2.9
1.6
1.6
2.1
0.8
1.9
2.4
3.3
2
0
2.4
3.1
3.5
3.3
0
2.4
1.1
1.7
3.8
0
1.5
1.6
2
1.9
0
2
1.5
3.5
2.5
0
2.5
0.9
1.6
3.5
0
0
1.5
2.1
2.6
0
0
2
2.3
2.7
0
0
1.6
1.1
2.7
0
0
1.3
1.7
2.9
0
0
3.1
1.2
1.7
0
0
2.6
2.9
1.8

Day
15

Day
18
4.5
4
6
3
4.1
4.9
4.3
3.5
3
6.1
3.1
4.5
5
2.9
3.7
3.1
6.2
5.7
3.3
3.5
4.1
4.2
4

4.6
4
7
3.5
4.1
3.2
4.7
3
3.1
5
3.6
4.1
3.2
5.1
4.4
3.3
5
6.6
3.2
3
4.7
4.4
3.7

Da
y
19
5.2
3.9
6.9
4
4.1
5.1
5.3
3.5
3.2
5.2
3.2
2.8
5.3
5.1
4.6
3.1
5.4
4.3
4.3
3.5
6.6
3.7
4.6
13

24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Average
Height

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.708
333

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.805
882

3
3.1
2.6
3
3.1
2.5
3
3.3
0
0
0
2.158
065

3.5
3.8
3.1
1.9
2.6
2.5
3.7
0
0
0
0
2.463
333

1.4
2.6
3.5
4
4
4.5
2.9
3.2
4
4.3
0
2.875
758

2.4
1.7
4.6
2.7
4
6
4.3
3.8
5
5.3
0
4.136
364

3.5
2.1
4.3
4
4.3
0.5
5
4.1
4.6
4
5
4.055
882

3.2
2.9
4.6
4.6
0.9
4.1
4.8
3.5
4.2
4.4
6.1
4.
3

This table shows the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over time in
level 2. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown. The
average heights of germinated plants are shown at the bottom of the table.
Table 4: Level 3

Day
Day
Day
Plant Number
Day 4 Day 5
Day 6
Day 7
Day 8
15
18
19
1
0.4
1.1
2.3
2.8
2.9
3.9
3.4
3.8
2
0.2
0.9
1.7
2.4
2.5
5
3.9
5
3
0.5
0.6
2.2
0.7
0.7
5.1
2.6
3
4
1.6
1.7
3.5
1.1
2
1.4
5.9
5.5
5
2.4
2.7
1.7
3.1
3.2
5.2
4.5
5.9
6
0.5
1.1
2.6
4.3
4.1
4
5.3
1.6
7
1.7
2.2
0.6
2
2
5.4
1.4
5.7
8
0.3
0.4
3
2.8
3.1
5.5
4.7
5.4
9
2.2
0.6
2.9
0.9
0.7
2.6
5.2
6.1
10
1.7
2.6
0
3
1.2
3.9
6.1
4.6
11
0
2.4
0
3.7
3.8
4.6
4
4
12
0
0
0
4.5
3
4.4
4.2
13
0
0
0
0
0
3.2
1.9
3.1
14
0
0
0
0
0
3.5
3.3
1.7
15
0
0
0
0
0
3.2
3
3.9
16
0
0
0
0
0
3.9
3.6
4.3
17
0
0
0
0
0
1.4
3.5
4.2
18
0
0
0
0
0
1.3
4.2
3.8
19
0
0
0
0
0
6.1
7.1
7.3
20
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
2.1
21
0
0
0
0
0
4.8
4.5
4.3
22
0
0
0
0
0
5.1
6
4.9
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.5
6.2
Average
1.15
1.481
2.277
2.436
2.558
3.913
4.173
4.373
14

Height

818

778

364

333

636

913

This table shows the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over time in
level 3. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown. The
average heights of germinated plants are shown at the bottom.
Table 5: mass

Mass of Early Scarlet Globe Radish

Plant
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Contr Level
Level
Level
ol
1
2
3
0.24
0.28
0.17
0.15
0.17
0.22
0.2
0.23
0.26
0.18
0.19
0.13
0.18
0.25
0.44
0.26
0.2
0.17
0.17
0.11
0.21
0.17
0.24
0.1
0.08
0.19
0.18
0.22
0.34
0.19
0.13
0.1
0.26
0.25
0.19
0.18
0.26
0.14
0.26
0.14
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.21
0.18
0.21
0.1
0.1
0.37
0.26
0.18
0.08
0.32
0.25
0.26
0.22
0.11
0.22
0.1
0.17
0.17
0.23
0.21
0.11
0.24
0.17
0.21
0.14
0.14
0.19
0.12
0.15
0.33
0.22
0.13
0.17
0.18
0.13
0.21
0.14
0.18
0.18
0.19
0
0.08
0.29
0.25
0
0.04
0.29
0.19
0
0.04
0.22
0.09
0
0.01
0.23
0.13
0
0
0.21
0.23
0
0
0.22
0.17
0
0
0.13
0.23
0
15

913

29
30
31
32
33
Average
Mass

0
0
0
0
0
0.191
2

0.22
0.34
0.19
0.08
0.15
0.207
879

0.29
0.09
0.21
0.16
0.19
0.190
606

0
0
0
0
0
0.155
5

This table shows the masses of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants. The plants were
cleaned and massed with roots. The different columns represent different levels.
Graph 1: Control

The Height and Number of Early Scarlet Globe Radish Plants in The Control Group Over Time.
9
8
7
6
5
Day 4 of Plants(cm)
Day 5
Day 6
Height
4

Day 7

Day 8

Day 15

Day 18

Day 19

3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425
Plant Number

This graph illustrates the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over
time in the control group. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from
day sown. The different colors represent data from different days.
16

Graph 2: Level 1

The He ight and Numbe r of Early Scarle t Globe Radish Plants in Le ve l 1 Ove r Time .
7

Day 4
Day 5

Day 6
Day 7
Day 8

Day 15
Day 18

He ight of Plants(cm)

Day 19
Day 4

Day 5
Day 6

Day 7
Day 8

Day 15
Day 18
Day 19

Plant Numbe r

This graph illustrates the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over
time in level 1. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown.
The different colors represent data from different days.
Graph 3: Level 2

17

The He ight and Numbe r of Early Scarle t Globe Radish Plants in Le ve l 2 Ove r Time .
8
7
6

Day 4
Day 5

Plant Height(cm)

Day 6
Day 7

Day 8
Day 15

Day 18
Day 19

2
1
0

Plant Numbe r

This graph illustrates the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over
time in level 2. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown.
The different colors represent data from different days.
Graph 4: Level 3

18

The He ight and Numbe r of Early Scarle t Globe Radish Plants in Le ve l 3 Ove r Time .
8
7
Day 4

Day 5

He ight of Plants(cm)

Day 6
Day 7

Day 8

Day15
Day 18

Day 19

1
0

Plant Numbe r

This graph illustrates the number and height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants over
time in level 3. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown.
The different colors represent data from different days.

19

Graph 5: Average Heights

Ave rage He ights of Early Scarle t Globe Radish Plants Ove r Time
6
5
4
Control

Average Height of Plants(cm)

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Day me asure d(from day sown)

This graph illustrates the mean height of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants of each level
over time. The plants were measured at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, and 19, from day sown. The
different colors represent the different levels.

Graph 6: Mass
Mass of Early Scarle t Globe Radish Plants(grams)
0.5
0.4

Control

0.3

Mass of Plants(grams)

Level 1

0.2

Level 2

0.1

Level 3

Number of Plants

20

This graph illustrates the mass of Early Scarlet Globe radish plants in the different levels.
The radish plants were massed 19 days after they were sown. The different colors represent the
different levels.

21