A SIX MONTH INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

FIRM OF TRAINING
PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTE P.M.B 20, EFFURUN DELTA
STATE

BY

EASTER BENJAMIN
ENG1105475

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN

PERIOD/DURATION OF TRAINING
APRIL - SEPTEMBER 2016

UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING SCHEME (UBITS)
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT:

PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTE P.M.B 20, EFFURUN

DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.

BY

EASTER BENJAMIN
ENG1105475

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN,
BENIN CITY,
EDO STATE, NIGERIA.

PERIOD/DURATION OF TRAINING
APRIL - SEPTEMBER 2016

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I wish to acknowledge God almighty for all his love throughout the period
of my industrial training.
Special thanks are due many individuals who contributed to the success of
my training amongst whom are my Mother Mrs Rita Amos for all her assistance,
my sister, Ufuoma, my industrial based supervisors; Mr. Esabunor Reuben, Mr.
Shehu, Mrs. Tracy Akimoji.
I also wish to acknowledge my colleagues at P.T.I Israel, Endurance, Erriga,
Anthony, charles, Nelson.

ABSTRACT
This report entails a detailed description of work done by me
throughout the period of training at Petroleum Training Institute (P.T.I)
Effurun Delta State. The report consists of two sections A and B representing
the two different sections I was attached. The first chapter is an introductory
chapter describing the main aims and objectives of The Student Industrial
Work Experience Scheme and description of my place of attachment i.e.
Petroleum Training Institute. Section A is the Drilling/production laboratory
which contains chapters 2 to 5 which consists of Crude oil quality and
quantity determination, Crude oil emulsion treatment in the laboratory,
Drilling fluids and field tests on drilling fluids.
Section B which is the Production workshop contains Chapters 5 to 8
which consists of Well completion, Flow station and operations, Well testing
and valves. This report ends in conclusion and references.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page

Acknowledgement -

ii

Abstract-

iii

Table of content- -

iv

1.1 History of SIWES- 1.2 Relevance of SIWES to Engineering1.3 Objectives of SIWES1.4 Importance of SIWES1.5 About Petroleum Training Institute1.6 Mission of PTI1.7 The Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences-

1
2
3
3
4
4
4

2.2 Specific gravity and A. P. I gravity determination of crude oil-

2.3 Crude oil quantity determination- -

11

2.4 Introduction to gauging and sampling-

12

2.5 How various gauging and sampling instruments are used-

12

2.6 Reports and records on Gauges-

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction

CHAPTER TWO
Crude oil quality determination by testing for some of its properties
2.1 Basic sediments and water9 BS&W0 determination
using different methods-

13

18

18

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Crude oil emulsions- -

3.1 Formation and types of crude oil emulsions-

3.2 Emulsifying agents and demulsification theories of crude oil emulsions- 19

3.3 Methods of treating crude oil emulsions-

20

3.4 Demulsification theories of emulsion-

22

3.5 Significance of Emulsion Seperation

23

3.6 Bottle Test Method- -

23

3.7 Emulsion Treatment carried out by Me- -

24

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Introduction to drilling fluids-

28

4.1 Functions of drilling fluids- -

28

4.2 Composition and types of drilling fluids- -

32

4.3 Field tests on drilling fluids-

35

4.4 Mud density determination- -

36

4.5Viscosity of drilling mud determination- -

37

4.6Filtration

40

4.7Sand content of drilling mud determination-

41

4.8pH of drilling mud determination- -

42

43

49

5.1 Consideration before well completion-

50

5.2 Methods of Well completion-

52

5.3 Various completion components- -

54

5.4 Changing the bean or choke-

58

60

6.1 Considerations for having perfect flow station- -

61

6.2 Overview of Operations in a Flow Station

61

6.3 How Flowlines are connected-

63

6.4 Crude separation process- -

65

4.9 Clay Chemistry and Clays in drilling fluidsCHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Well Completion-

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Flow station- -

6.5 Separator-

66

6.6 Dehydration of Natural Gas-

68

6.7 Gas measurement-

69

6.8 Changing the plate in the orifice chamber-

70

6.9 Primary requirement of Tank lay out-

73

CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 Well Testing- -

75

7.1 Objectives of well testing- -

75

7.2 Who uses well test information-

76

7.3 Preparation for well testing- -

77

7.4 Some types of well tests-

78

79

7.5 Procedures for putting a well on testCHAPTER EIGHT

8.0 Valves- -

81

8.1 Classification of valves-

81

8.2 Types of valves-

83

8.3 Identification of different valves- -

84

8.4 Identification of valves on the wellhead- -

85

Conclusion -

87