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First Name:
CHEMISTRY 205/4
ID #
Number of pages: 13
18:00 - 19:00
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. This is a multiple choice examination.
2. Circle only one answer number for each question. There is only one correct answer for each question.
3. If you circle more than one answer number for a question, you will get a Azero@ for that question.
4. If you have already circled an answer and you change your mind, erase the other answers, or clearly cross
them out. Ambiguous answers will be counted as being wrong.
5. Only the circle around the question number will count. I will not read any calculation or anything else you
may write on the questionnaire.
6. Do no write anything else on the front of the pages. Use the back of the questionnaire and/or the scrap
paper you have been provided with for your calculations.
7. Answer every question.
8. All the questions are worth the same mark.
9. All group numbers used throughout this questionnaire are in the current official numbering system defined
by the IUPAC.
10. When you are finished writing your exam, raise your hand and remain seated. The teacher or the invigilator
will come to pick up your questionnaire and have you sign the attendance sheet, after checking your ID card.
Do NOT leave your seat until the teacher allows you too.
Avogadro=s number: 6.022 x 1023
Answer # 2
Warning: A theory explains a body of facts, while a law does not.
2.
Answer # 4
density = mass/volume => = m/V => V = m/
=> V = 100 g / 0.00133 g/cm3 => V = 75200 cm3
1. 100 g of oxygen (density = 0.00133 g/cm3)
3
2. 500 g of ethanol (density = 0.789 g/cm )
=> V = 500 g / 0.789 g/cm3
=> V =
634 cm3
3. 700 g of magnesium (density = 1.74 g/cm3)
=>V = 700 g / 1.74 g/cm3
=> V =
402 cm3
3
3
4. 800 g of sodium chloride (density = 2.16 g/cm ) => V = 800 g / 2.16 g/cm
=> V =
370 cm3
5. 1,100 kg of aluminum (density = 2.70 g/cm3)
=> V = 1100000 g / 2.70 g/cm3 => V = 407000 cm3
3
The smallest volume is 370 cm for 800 g of NaCl => Answer # 4
3. Tell which of the following statements is incorrect, regarding matter at ambient temperature:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In a solid, the particles are packed closely to one another and usually in a regular array.
In a solid, no motion of the particles is possible.
A liquid is a fluid.
Nuclear energy
Chemical energy
Thermal energy
Gravitational energy
Electrostatic energy
Answer # 3 : Thermal energy is due to the motion of atoms, molecules, or ions, at the particulate level,
therefore, it is a kinetic energy, not a potential energy.
5. Tell how many significant figures there are in the following number: 0.03205007500
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5
8
10
11
12
6. Tell who is the scientist who related the volume of gases to the number of particles contained in the gas,
regardless of which gas it is.
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Gay-Lussac
Lavoisier
Dalton
Proust
Avogadro
Answer # 5 : it is Avogadro
Avogadros hypothesis: At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the
same number of particles.
7. A reaction of 1 L of chlorine gas with 3 L of fluorine gas yields 2 L of a gaseous product. All gas
volumes were measured at the same conditions of temperature and pressure. Give the formula of the gaseous
product
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ClF
Cl2F3
ClF3
ClF5
ClF7
Answer # 3 : ClF3
Use Avogadros hypothesis
1V(Cl2) + 3V(F2) 2V(product)
Cl2 + 3 F2 2 molecules of product, for a total of 2 Cl atoms and 6 F atoms : Lavoisiers law of
conservation of mass + Daltons atomic theory (chemical reactions involve reorganizing the way atoms are
bound together; the atoms themselves are not changed)
2 Cl atoms + 6 F atoms 2 molecules containing a total of 2 Cl atoms + 6 F atoms = 2 ClF3
Cl2 + 3 F2 2 ClF3 (the reaction is balanced) => The gaseous product is ClF3.
8. An element is hard, malleable, loses electrons when it forms compounds, and it reacts very slowly with
oxygen at ambient temperature. Tell which of the following categories it belongs to:
1.
Group 1
2.
Transition elements
3.
Halogens
4.
Chalcogens
5.
Noble gases
Answer # 2 : transition elements
4
Answer # 5 : Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by observing very high deflection of a small number
of particles (a beam of He2+ ions from radioactive decay of uranium) by a metal sheet, and no/little
deflection of most.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10. Bromine is a mixture of three isotopes. One of the isotopes has an atomic mass of 78.92 amu and has a
relative abundance of 25.34 %. Another isotope has an atomic mass of 80.92 amu and a relative abundance of
24.66% . Tell what is the average atomic mass of the third isotope.
1.
2.
3.
79.89 amu
78.52 amu
79.26 amu
5
4.
5.
80.23 amu
80.97 amu
AlP
AlP2
Al2P
Al2P3
Al3P2
Magnesium chloride
6
2.
3.
4.
5.
Magnesium chlorate
Magnesium chlorite
Magnesium perchlorate
Magnesium hypochlorite
Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chlorate
Magnesium chlorite
Magnesium perchlorate
Magnesium hypochlorite
MgCl2
Mg(ClO3)2
Mg(ClO2)2
Mg(ClO4)2
Mg(ClO)2
Diarsenic pentoxide
Arsenic oxide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic(II) oxide
Arsenic(V) oxide
1
2
3
7
4.
5.
4
6
164.2 g/mol
242.1 g/mol
126.3 g/mol
149.8 g/mol
142.0 g/mol
16. In 1987, the first substance to act as a superconductor at a temperature above that of liquid nitrogen (77
K) was discovered. Its percent composition by mass is the following:
Y: 13.35 % Ba: 41.22 % Cu: 28.62 % O: 16.81 %
Tell what is its chemical formula.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
YBa3Cu2O7
YBa2Cu3O6
Y2Ba2Cu2O6
YBa4CuO6
YBa2Cu3O7
The percent composition by mass is the mass m of each element contained in 100 g of compound.
1. Determine the number of moles n of each element in 100 g of compound using the formula n = m/M.
13.35 g
n(Y) = ---------------- = 0.15015 mol Y
88.91 g/mol
41.22 g
n(Ba) = ------------------- = 0.3002 mol Ba
137.33 g/mol
28.62 g
n(Cu) = ----------------- = 0.4504 mol Cu
63.55 g/mol
16.81 g
n(O) = ------------------- = 1.0507 mol O
15.999 g/mol
2. Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest, i.e. by n(Y) = 0.15015
n(Y)
------- = 1
n(Y)
n(Ba)
0.30002
--------- = ------------ = 1.9993 2
n(Y)
0.15015
n(Cu) 0.4504
------- = ------------ = 2.9997 3
n(Y)
0.15015
n(O)
1.0507
--------- = ------------ = 6.9998 7
n(Y)
0.15015
17. Balance the following equation and give the coefficient of O2 in the balanced equation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3
4
6
9
12
Balance H :
Balance O :
Checking:
7 C, 8 H, 18 O
7 C, 8 H, 18 O
18. When aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and ammonium nitrate are mixed together, tell what happens.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SnO
SnO2
SnF4
10
4.
5.
SnF2
Sn3F8
SnO :
SnO2
SnF4
SnF2
Sn3F8
-2 for O => +2 for Sn => Allowed => Not a mixed oxidation state compound
-2 for O => +4 for Sn => Allowed => Not a mixed oxidation state compound
-1 for F => +4 for Sn => Allowed => Not a mixed oxidation state compound
-1 for F => +2 for Sn => Allowed => Not a mixed oxidation state compound
-1 for F => +8/3 for Sn => Not integer => Not allowed
=> Sn3F8 is the mixed oxidation state compound Sn(II)2Sn(IV)F8 => Answer = 5
20. Potassium dichromate reacts with ethanol in aqueous acidic medium according to the following
unbalanced equation:
Cr2O72-(aq) + C2H5OH (l)
Cr3+(aq) + CO2(g)
Balance the equation and give the stoichiometric coefficient of H2O in the balanced equation.
1.
5
2.
6
3.
10
4.
11
5.
12
Answer # 4 => 11 H2O
Change of oxidation number: Cr : +6 to +3 => requires 3 e- / Cr
C : -2 to +4 => gives 6 e- / C
Reduction half reaction
Oxidation half reaction
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Cr2O72-(aq)
Cr3+(aq)
C2H5OH (l)
CO2(g)
C2H5OH (l)
2 CO2(g)
2 Cr3+(aq)
2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)
2 CO2(g)
3) Balancing H by adding H+ :
14 H+(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq)
62 Cr
3+
(aq) +
7 H2O
62 CO (g) + 12 H (aq)
2
62 Cr
3+
(aq) +
62 CO (g) + 12 H (aq) + 12 e
2
6 e- + 14 H+(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq) 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O 3 H2O(l) + C2H5OH (l) 2 CO2(g) + 12 H+(aq) + 12 e6 e- required for 2 Cr => 3 e-/Cr as expected
12 e- given off for 2 C => 6 e-/C as expected
6) Multiplying the reduction half reaction by 2 in order to have the same number of electrons in both half
reactions :
12 e- + 28 H+(aq) + 2 Cr2O72-(aq)
64 Cr
3+
(aq) +
14 H2O
3 H2O(l) + C2H5OH (l)
62 CO (g) + 12 H (aq) + 12 e
2
64 Cr
3+
(aq) +
=> The reaction is balanced, the stoichiometric coefficient of H2O is 11 => Answer # 4
13