Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
EE/ECE Department
Jaro, Iloilo City

ECE 4104
LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 7
BIDIRECTIONAL COUNTERS

Submitted by:
Name: de la Cruz, Lanz Christian C.
Jabatan, John Dave V.
Pias, Earl Joseph C.
Course and Year: BSEE-4
Lab. Schedule: 1000 1300 M
Group No.: ___
Date Submitted: ____________
Grading Criteria:
Content (50%): ____________________
Accuracy (25%):____________________
Presentation (15%):_________________
Punctuality (10%):__________________
TOTAL (100%):_____________________
Instructor: Engr. Ramon Alguidano
I. Objectives

To identify the terminals of the seven segment display decoder.

To enable to show the exact output of a seven display decoder with the
use of 7447 IC.
To produce the decimal numbers from the binary inputs.
To simulate with the use of seven segment display decoder.

II. Basic theory:

Display
Segment

Decoder
Display

(BCD

to

7-

Decoder)

A
Digital
Decoder IC is a
device which converts
one digital format
into another and one
of the most commonly
used device for doing this is called the Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) to 7Segment Display Decoder. 7-segment LED (Light Emitting Diode) or
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) type displays provide a very convenient way
of displaying information or digital data in the form of numbers, letters or
even alphanumeric characters.
Typically, 7-segment displays consist of seven individual colored LEDs
(called the segments), within one single display package. In order to
produce the required numbers or HEX characters from 0 to 9 and A to F
respectively, on the display the correct combination of LED segments need
to be illuminated and BCD to 7-segment Display Decoders such as the
74LS47 do just that.
A standard 7-segment LED display generally has 8 input connections,
one for each LED segment and one that acts as a common terminal or
connection for all the internal display segments. Some single displays also
have an additional input pin to display a decimal point in their lower right or
left hand corner.

In electronics, there are two important types of 7-segment LED digital

display.
1. The Common Cathode Display (CCD) In the common cathode
display, all the cathode connections of the LEDs are joined together to logic
0 or ground. The individual segments are illuminated by application of a
HIGH, logic 1 signal to the individual Anode terminals.
2. The Common Anode Display (CAD) In the common anode
display, all the anode connections of the LEDs are
joined together to
logic 1 and the individual
segments
are
illuminated
by
connecting
the
individual
Cathode
terminals
to
a
LOW,
logic
0
signal.

Electrical connection of the individual diodes for a common cathode

display and a common anode display and by illuminating each light emitting
diode individually, they can be made to display a variety of numbers or
characters. So in order to display the number 3 for example, segments a, b,
c, d and g would need to be illuminated. If we wanted to display a different
number or letter then a different set of segments would need to be
illuminated. Then for a 7-segment display, we can produce a truth table
giving the segments that need to be illuminated in order to produce the
required character as shown below.

It can be seen that to display any single digit number from 0 to 9 in

binary or letters from A to F in hexadecimal, we would require 7 separate
segment connections plus one additional connection for the LEDs common
connection. Also as the segments are basically a standard light emitting
diode, the driving circuit would need to produce up to 20mA of current to
illuminate each individual segment and to display the number 8, all 7
segments would need to be lit resulting a total current of nearly 140mA, (8 x
20mA).
Obviously, the use of so many connections and power consumption is
impractical for some electronic or microprocessor based circuits and so in
order to reduce the number of signal lines required to drive just one single
display, display decoders such as the BCD to 7-Segment Display Decoder
and Driver ICs are used instead.

Binary Coded Decimal

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD or 8421 BCD) numbers are made up
using just 4 data bits (a nibble or half a byte) similar to the Hexadecimal
numbers we saw in the binary tutorial, but unlike hexadecimal numbers that
range in full from 0 through to F, BCD numbers only range from 0 to 9, with
the binary number patterns of 1010 through to1111 (A to F) being invalid
inputs for this type of display.

Binary Pattern

III. Schematic Diagrams

7447 IC

IV. Equipment

Seven-segment display screen

7447 IC
Seven Segment Display
Logic Trainer
9 volts battery
Connecting wires
Breadboard

V. Procedures
1. Refer the connection of the seven-segment display and the 7447 IC to
the schematic diagrams shown above. Connect the terminals a, b, c, d,
e, f, & g of the IC to the corresponding terminals in the seven-segment
display.
Connect
the
terminals
A, B, C & D to
the
switches
located
in the logic
trainer.
Connect
the
blank
input,
blank
output
and
display
Testing by connecting the TTL terminal to the Ground
test
to
the
+5V
terminal
of the logic
trainer.
2. Test the
circuit
by
opening
the switches.
Using the 4-bit binary system check the results if the output or the
displayed values are correct.
3. Finalize the results.

VI. Results

Experimentation results in accordance with truth table

Experiment obeyed the rules of the excitation (truth)

table

VII. Computer Simulations

VIII. Synthesis

IX. Observation
In the experiment, the seven-segment display decoder is accompanied
by an IC in order to get the exact output display. A common cathode is used
for the segment display; the common terminals are connected with a 330
resistor connected to the ground terminal of the logic trainer. TTL of the IC is
initially connected to the ground to check if the seven-segment display is
functioning as intended. When the terminals of the IC are improperly
connected to the seven-segment display decoder, the output display
becomes wrong. For simulating using software, the seven-segment display
decoder is just quite similar to the actual one, but instead of having common
terminals, it only has a clock which needs to be connected to the 5V supply
to produce an output display. In simulating, this clock terminal complicates
the circuit since it indicates a clock that must be connected to a power
source.

X. Conclusion
In conclusion, seven-segment display is an electronic display device
used for displaying decimal numbers from 0 9. There are two types of
display decoders, the common cathode and the common anode. In
common anode, all the negative terminals (Cathode) of all the 8 LEDs are
connected together and all the positive terminals are left alone. In common
cathode, the positive terminals (Anodes) of all the 8 LEDs are connected
together and all the negative terminals are left alone. IC 7448 have 4
terminal inputs which reads in binary and the output is shown in the sevensegment display. Connecting the wrong terminals of the seven-segment
display in the IC 7447 will still show an output but turning on the inputs in
binary will not show the exact equivalent of it in the display. Therefore, in
connecting the seven-segment display to the IC 7447, the schematic
diagrams must be strictly followed.