THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

Began in 1896 and really ended only in 1901.

At first, it was a war of independence against the Spain.
Later,it turned into a war of independence against the United State.
The first part of revolution was a success.
Many of our best heroes were killed during the revolution.
After the discovery of the Katipunan ,Bonifacio gathered his men in the
hills of balintawak.
Balintawak was the place north of Manila which was then a secret
meeting place of the katipuneros.
On August 26,1896,the fiery Bonifacio stopped all the talking .There is
no other way,he told them, enough is enough! He angrily tore his
residence certificate(Cedula).
-It was the symbol of Spanish oppression of Filipinos.
The katipuneros led by Bonifacio started the Revolution.

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CAUSE OF THE REVOLUTION

The abuses of Spanish officials and priests;
Persecution of Filipino leaders who defended the rights of their fellow
countrymen;
Filipinos 'desire to regain their independence;
Discovery of the Katipunan and Bonifacios call for revolution.

FIRST BATTLE OF THE REVOLUTION

The first battle of the revolution took place at the town of San Juan del
Monte at dawn of Sunday, August 30 ,1986.
Bonifacio and some 1000 katipuneros attacked the Spanish arsenal at San
Juan.
It was bloody and awful battle.
The Filipinos were armed only with bolos,a few handmade guns (paltics)
old rifles,bamboo spears, and amulets (anting-anting).
The superior weapons' of the Spanish Armed forces won the day.
The Filipinos lost and retreated.
They left 153 dead comrades behind.
The revolution quickly spread like wild fire in Southern Luzon. The Spanish
Governor General, Ramon Blanco, declared a state of war in eight provinces;
Manila,Bulacan,Pampanga,Nueva Ecija,Tarlac,Laguna,Cavite,and
Batangas.
EXECUTION OF RIZAL AND OTHER MARTYRS

 The Spanish officials terrorized the Filipinos and executed many of their
famous leaders.
Many Filipino patriots were arrested and put in prison at Fort Santiago.
About 1,000 Filipinos were exiled to Guam, Africa and other Spanish prisons
abroad.
The martyrdom of their leaders made the Filipinos more angry at the Spanish
officials.
The famous martyr of the Philippine revolution 1896 was Dr.Jose Rizal.
Rizal was allowed to leave Dapitan and go to Cuba as a volunteer doctor in
the Spain army. He was arrested and taken back to Manila. He was put in
prison at fort Santiago and tried by the military court . He was found guilty of
being a traitor to Spain and sentenced to death.
At dawn of December 30,1896, Rizal was shot by a firing squad at the
Luneta.
AGUINALDO AND FILIPINO VICTORIES IN BATTLE
The Filipinos freedom fighter fought with crude wepons: bolos, clubs , stones,
bamboo, spears, old musket, and homomade guns (paltiks).
The Filipinos won many battles against the Spanish Government troop.
The Greatest victory in the battle of the Filipino was won by Emilio Aguinaldo
in the battle of Binakayan, Cavite on November 9 to 11,1896.
Thousands of Filipinos were inspired to join the revolution in the nearby
provinces.
The Filipino revolutionaries captured, Las Pias, Paraaque, and other towns
around in manila.
RIVALRY BETWEEN BONIFACIO AND AGUINALDO
The revolutionaries was divided in two.
Magdalos- Aguinaldos group
Magdiwangs- Bonifacios group.
Aguinaldo win his battles while Bonifacio lost all his battle.
Bonifacios supporters refused to help Aguinaldo when they were attacked
similarly.
Aguinaldos followers, did not help the Magdiwangs when they fought the
Spaniard.
TEJEROS ASSEMBLY
Both rival groups decided to meet at Tejeros, Cavite on March 22, 1897.
They wanted to settle the controversy on Leadership because a revolution
must have only one leader.

 They decided to elect the officers of a Revolutionary Government.

Bonifacio was over-confident. His followers outnumbered the followers of
Aguinaldo.
Aguinaldo wasnt able to attend the election because he was fighting the
Spanish army at Imus.
Bonifacio was elected as the new leader.
He did not know that the Filipinos no longer wanted him as the leader.
Aguinaldo won the majority vote for new President of the First Revolutionary
Government.
Bonifacio lost even the position of Vice- President and the other lower
positions.
As a consolation, Bonifacio was elected to the last office of secretary of the
interior but even the lowest position was protested by Daniel Tirona.
THE DEATH OF BONIFACIO
At the Battle of Limbon, Bonifacio and his men lost the fight and were taken
prisoners.
Andres was wounded and his brother Ciriaco was killed.
His wife Gregoria de Jesus was one of the prisoners.
The Revolutionary Government tried Bonifacio and his brother Procopio by
military court martial at Maragondon on May 5, 1897 and they were found
guilty by sedetion they were sentenced to death.
Aguinaldo reduced their sentence to life imprisonment but was able to cancel
that order and execute Bonifacio.
On May 19, 1897 Andres and Procopio were shot by a firing squad of
Aguinaldos soldiers in near Maragondon.
Under the command of Major Lazaro Makapagal.
THE BIAK-NA-BATO
The revolution went from bad to worse for the Filipinos.
Aguinaldo lost one battle after another.
Aguinaldo moved his war camp many times away from Cavite.
On November 1, 1897 the filipinos revolutionaries leaders approved a
constitution for anew Government.
This became a Biaknabato Republic.
On Nov. 1 to Dec. 30, 1897 Aguinaldo was again elected as President of
the Biaknabato Republic.

PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO

 No one side could win the revolution.The Filipinos could not win. The Spanish
government could not win .
Spanish Governor General Primo de Rivera told the Spanish Cortes
(Parliament): I Can captured their Biaknabato headquarters.
So he sent the olive branch of peace to Aguinaldo .He offered to end the
fighting on both sides.
Aguinaldo decided to accept the peace offer of Governor Primo de Rivera.
Dr. Pedro A. Paterno, a prominent Filipino ,acted as the go-between in the
peace negotiations.
- He succeeded in negotiating the agreement to end the fighting
between the Filipinos and the Spaniards.
This was historic Pact of BiaknaBato signed by General Aguinaldo and
Governor General Primo Rivera on Dec. 14 and 15 1897.

AGUINALDOS EXILE TO HONGKONG

Peace was proclaimed in the Philippines after the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
Gen. Aguinaldo and other revolutionary leaders went to exile in Hong Kong
as a part of agreement.
Aguinaldo and his companions reached Hong Kong on December 30, 1897.
NO PEACE AFTER BIAK-NA-BATO
Both the Filipinos and the Spaniards broke their peace agreement at Biak-naBato.
Spanish
Spain did not pay P1.7 million
war indemnity to the Filipinos.
Only P600,000 was paid.
Spanish officials continue to
arrest and punish Filipino who
surrendered.

Filipino

 Aguinaldo spend the money to

buy more arms and ammunition.
They did not surrender all their
weapons.

They wanted to continue the

revolution.