I.

Abstract
A magnet is any material that can attract or repel magnetic materialsThe
study of such phenomenon falls under magnetismAside from permanent
magnet, the magnetic force can also be set up by a moving charge and by
an electric current in aconductor.
Magnetic fields are areas where an object exhibits a magnetic
influenceThe field affect neighboring objects along things called magnetic
field linesA magnetic object can attract or push away another magnetic
objectYou also need to remember that magnetic forces are not related to
gravityThe amount of gravity is based on an objects mass, while
magnetic strength is based on the material that the object is madeof.
The magneticfield lines around a longwire which carries an electriccurrent
form concentriccircles around the wireThe direction of the magnetifield is
perpendicular to the wire and is in the direction the fingers of your
righthand would curl if you wrapped them around the wire with your
thumb in the direction of thecurrent.
II. Objectives
For
Experiment
405
that
is
entitled
as
MagneticFieldsandMagneticForceonecan state that the study seeks(i)to
study the nature of magneticfields around the poles of magnets(ii)to
determine the magnitude of magneticforce on a currentcarrying wire
and(iii)to study the nature of the relationships between magneticforce and
magneticfield, current, length and orientation of currentcarrying wire.
III. Results and Discussion
In the first part of our experimentwe exhibited the effect of the magnetic
field to the iron filings by showing the various patterns it created for each
setup of the magnetsMagnets are composed of different magnetic fields
which are formed by moving electricfields and electricalcurrentsTo
determine the illustration of the different magnetic fieldsiron filings were
used to demonstrate the loops formationWhen we set-up the magnets in
various polarities, magnetic fields differ as shown in the magneticloopsFor
the same poles of the magnets it illustrated a magneticfield that are
diverging from each otherWhile a magneticfield with unlike polemagnets
tend to attract each otherFor the first illustration of the Umagnets it shows
a magneticfield similar to the unlikepoles of the barmagnetLastly for the
setup of the Umagnets and the iron ringit exhibits a magneticfield which is
deflected to the ironring preventing the ironfilings from going inside the
ironrings jurisdiction.
In the secondpart of the experimentwe measured the magneticforce of
different numbers of magnets with the use of the digitalbalanceTo have a
reading of the magneticforce in grams, we used the digitalbalance. We
have found out that when we increase the number of magnets, the
magneticforce will also increasetherefore the relationship between the two

is directlyproportionalWe have also proved that when we used all the

magnets and increase the current, the magneticforce will also increase
which means that the larger the current, the larger the magnetic force
acting on the systemWe can also use the length of the loop to change the
value of the magneticforceIn our experiment we used different lengths of
the conductors and as shown in our data we have proved that the length
and the magneticforce has a directlyproportional relationshipThe
orientation of the coil could also affect the value of the magneticforce
because when the coil is parallel to its magneticfield, the magneticforce
becomes smaller and turns to 0 or it doesnt have any magneticforce
leftbut when the coil is perpendicular to its magneticfield the
magneticforce increases and it is maximized.
There are manyfactors that can affect the experiments datasome of the
sourcesoferrors are the calibration and reading of the digitalbalance
because when its not calibrated carefullythe magnets weight will also be
added
to
the
magneticforce
which
will
result
to
a
wrongdataWrongplacements of the barmagnets and Umagnets will result
to different illustration of its magnetic field.
IV. Conclusion
I therefore conclude thatmagnetic forces are produced by the
electricallycharged particles in motionwhich are present in the middle of
the magneticpoles and can attract or repel the chargesMagnetifields are
formed in loops which starts to from northpole to southpoleThe magnetic
lines in the magneticfield will never converge to each other because it will
result to 2 tangents in the fieldline which is not possible because there
should be one magneticfieldvector which has a singledirection.
In the magneticforce, there are fourvariables that can change its value
which are the length of the conductorthe strength of magneticfieldthe
current and its angle between the current carrying wire and the
magnetifieldThe magneticforce has a directlyproportional relationship to
each of these variables which is proven by the data we gathered in our
experimentfor the angle of the currentcarrying wirewe have found out that
when the orientation of the coil is parallel to the magneticfieldthe
magneticforce acting on the system becomes zerobut when its orientation
is perpendicularthe magnetic force will be greater.
To enhance and polish the experiments data we can minimize our error
and mistakes by settingup the apparatusproperly and use the loopsand
powersupply for the current carefullyAlso one of the possible source of
errors can be the varyingvalues in the currentWrongsetup of the magnets
and the small amounts of ironfilings will result to a differentillustration of
the magnetic fieldTherefore, we must know how to illustrate the data and
evaluate it using the theory of the experiment.