The University of Notre Dame

Portfolio Item 5 - Essay Formatting

Virginia Gamble
Introduction to ICT for Teachers
Unit Number: ED1113
Prof. Jean Macnish, ICT Co-ordinator
School of Education, Fremantle campus
Due Date: 25th October 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS
APA Style
Sample .......................................................................... 1
Overview ............................................................................
............... 1
Discussion ..........................................................................
............... 1
Examples ............................................................................
............... 2
Format ................................................................................
................2
Summary ............................................................................
............... 3
References .........................................................................
............... 4

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Weintraub, D. Graduation

APA Style Sample

Overview
American Psychological Association style is primarily used in the social science
disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA), and shows
many similarities, but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses the APA
in detail. Addressing plagiarism has become a major challenge in education Bretag
(2013) and Hosny and Fatima (2014) and educating students in referencing correctly
with the APA 6th is one way of trying to overcome the problem.

Discussion
APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than
indicating the author's name and page number, APA includes author's name and date
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of publication. The page number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the
citation when using a direct quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's
name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in parentheses
directly after the name. If the name is not mentioned include the author's name and
date in parentheses at the end of the source material. And, if you use a direct quote,
place the page number after the publication date within the parentheses.

Examples

Notethedifferencebetweenthefollowingthreeexamples:
Terrence(1999)haspresentedpoignantexamplesfrom150interviews.However,it
hasbeenpointedoutthattheresearchwasconductedinaselective,highlybiased,
way.(Strong&Porter,1998)(Strong,1998)Alloftheintervieweeshavebeencalled
exceptionstothenorm(Strong&Porter,1998,p.5).
Notethefirstexampleparaphrasesanauthorthatisnamedinthesentence,the
secondexampleparaphrasesauthorsthatarenotnamedinthesentence,andthethird
exampleprovidesadirectquote(thustheinclusionofthepagenumbers)butalso
doesnotidentifytheauthorswithinthesentence.Iftheauthorswereidentified
withinthesentenceinthethirdexample,theauthors'nameswouldbefollowedby
theyearofpublicationandonlythepagenumberswouldbeintheparenthesesatthe
endofthequote.

Format

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Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls the
Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA Works
Cited format. With APA you include the initial of the author's first name rather than
the complete name, the publication date immediately follows the author's name in
parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with quotation marks. The lists
are still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence of an author) and
the first line is flush left while subsequent lines in the same entry are indented in
(approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with referencing is
Notre Dames referencing guide at http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box3040351. There is also a summary downloadable help document available at:
http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459 In APA Style, you include a
reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper (APA, Bibliography Versus
Reference List, n.d.). A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a
paper whereas a bibliography may include resources that were consulted but not
cited in the text as well as an annotated description of each one.

Summary

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA 6th
referencing style for all written documents. In addition to in text referencing and the
reference list there are a number of formatting requirements to ensure your essay
complies with APA standards. Get to know the APA 6th.

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References

APA.(n.d.).Bibliographyversusreferencelist.Retrievedfrom
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quickguideonreferences.aspx#Bibliography
Bretag,T.(2013).Challengesinaddressingplagiarismineducation.PLoSmedicine,10(12),
e1001574.doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001574
Hosny,M.,&Fatima,S.(2014).AttitudeofStudentsTowardsCheatingandPlagiarism:
UniversityCaseStudy.JournalofAppliedSciences,14(8),748757.
doi:10.3923/jas.2014.748.757
Strong,R.L.,&Porter,M.(1998).Grammaticalcombinations.InS.Parker&K.Gibson
(Eds.),Languageandliteracy(pp.540578):Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity
Press.
Terrence,H.S.(1999,November1).Studentsuccessincommunitycolleges.Oregonian,pp.
A6A7.
Weintraub,D.Graduation[photograph].Retrievedfrom
http://quest.eb.com/search/139_1920759/1/139_1920759/cite

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