Unit 2: Cell

Structure and
Function
Cells & Heredity
Chapter 1

2.1 Discovering Cells

I. The Microscope

Microscope: instrument that makes small

objects look larger

simple = one lens

compound = more than one lens multiplies
magnification (ex: 10 x 40 = 400)

Turn and talk to the person next to

you:

- What do you know about cells?

II. Overview of Cells

what an object is
made of

Cell: the basic units of structure and function

of living things
how an organism:
1. stays alive
2. reproduces

*1 cm2 of your skins surface contains more

than 100,000 cells!

Robert Hooke (1663) observed cork

These pores, or cells, were not very deep, but
consisted of a great many little boxes

Cork

What would you expect to see if you observed

these under a microscope?

Teeth
Pond Water

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

described little animals in lake water

III. Cell Theory

1. All living things are composed of
cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things.
3. All cells are produced from other
cells.

Unit 2: Cell
Structure and
Function
Cells & Heredity
Chapter 1

2.1 Discovering Cells

2.2 Looking Inside Cells

FUNCTION / DEFINITION

ORGANELLE

protects and supports cell

cell wall

uses sunlight to make food

chloroplast

passageways to carry materials around the cell

endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)

stores water, food, and waste

vacuole

regulates what enters and leaves cell

cell membrane

directs all cells activities

nucleus

produces cells energy

mitochondria

makes proteins

ribosomes

breaks down food and worn-out cell parts

lysosomes

receives materials from ER and sends to other

parts of the cell

golgi bodies

If a cell was a __________________________,

the...
nucleus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
ribosomes
Golgi bodies
chloroplasts
vacuoles
lysosomes

would be the...

Unit 2: Cell
Structure and
Function
Cells & Heredity
Chapter 1

2.1 Discovering Cells

2.2 Looking Inside Cells
2.3 Passive Transport

2.3 Passive Transport

TURN & TALK:
What comes to mind when you hear
passive and active?

I. Passive Transport
passive transport:
movement of
dissolved materials
through a cell
membrane without
using cellular energy

diffusion: the process by which molecules move

from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration
-ORdiffusion: the process by which small molecules
move across the cell membrane

concentration: amount of a substance in a

given volume

TURN & TALK:

What is the concentration of a solution of 24g of
salt dissolved in 2 liters of water?

osmosis: diffusion of water molecules through

a selectively permeable membrane (window
screen)

Learning by
osmosis?

II. Active Transport

active transport: the movement of materials
through a cell membrane using cellular energy

Organization of Life

Unit 2: Cell
Structure and
Function
Cells & Heredity
Chapter 1

2.1 Discovering Cells

2.2 Looking Inside Cells
2.3 Chemical Compounds
in Cells