ISSN(Online): 2320-9801

ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2015

Smart Traffic Control System for Emergency

Vehicle Clearance
Veera Venkatesh, Nazneen Syed
M.Tech Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VR Siddhartha Engineering College,
Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VR Siddhartha Engineering College,
Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT: Traffic congestion is a major problem in cities of developing Countries like India. Growth in urban
population and the middle-class segment consume vehicles to the rising number of vehicles in the cities. Congestion on
roads eventually results in slow moving traffic, which increases the time of travel, thus be notable as one of the major
issues in metropolitan cities. Emergency vehicles like ambulance and re trucks need to reach their destinations at the
earliest. If they spend a lot of time in traffic jams, valued lives of many people may be in danger. Here the image
sequences from a camera are analyzed using various edge detection and object counting methods to obtain the most
efficient technique. Then, the number of vehicles at the intersection is evaluated and traffic is efficiently managed. The
traffic signal indication continuously glows to green as long as the emergency vehicle is waiting at the traffic lane.
After the vehicle crossed the junction, automatically the traffic signals follow the previous pattern generation of traffic
signals. This can be implemented in LABVIEW.
I.INTRODUCTION
Traffic congestion is a major problem in cities of developing Countries like India. Growth in urban population and the
middle-class segment consuming vehicles significantly to the rising number of vehicles in the cities. Congestion on
roads eventually results in slow moving traffic, which increases the time of travel, thus stands-out as one of the major
issues in metropolitan cities. So, there is loss of life due to the delay in the arrival of ambulance to the hospital in the
golden hour. The main reason is that traffic signals are used to manage conflicting requirements for the use of road
space often at road junctions by allocating the right side of a way to different sets of mutually compatible traffic
movements during distinct time intervals.
Current traffic control technique involving magnetic loop detectors buried in the road, infrared and radar sensors on the
side provide limited traffic information and require separate systems for traffic counting and for traffic surveillance.
Inductive loop detectors do afford a cost effective solution, but they are focus to a high failure rate when installed in
broken road surfaces, decrease roadway life and block traffic during maintenance and restore. Infrared sensors are
affected to a greater degree by confusion than video cameras and cannot be used for effective observation. In compare,
video-based systems offer many advantages compared to traditional techniques. They provide more traffic information,
merge both surveillance and traffic control techniques, are easily installed, and are scalable with progress in image
processing techniques.
II.LITERATURE SURVEY
Ayush Kr. Mittal and Deepika Bhandari proposed a green wave system. It is used to provide clearance to any
emergency vehicle by turning all the red lights to green on the path of the emergency vehicle, for this reason providing
a complete green wave to the desired vehicle. A green wave is the synchronization of the green phase of traffic
signals. With a green wave setup [1], a vehicle passing through a green signal will continue to receive green signals as
it travels down the road. Advantage of the system is that GPS inside the vehicle does not require additional power. The
biggest disadvantage of green waves is that, when the wave is disturbed then the disturbance can cause traffic problems
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DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2015. 0308016

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ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2015

that can be exacerbated by the synchronization. In such cases, the line of vehicles in a green wave grows in size until it
becomes too large and some of the vehicles cannot reach the green lights in time and vehicles must stop. This is called
over-saturation.
Suresh Sharma, A.Pithora, G.Guptha, M.Goel, and M. Sinha proposed a RFID system. The use of RFID traffic control
to avoid problems that usually arise with standard traffic control systems, particularly those related to image processing
and beam interruption techniques are discussed. This RFID system [2] deals with multivehicle, multilane, multi road
junction areas. It provides an efficient time management scheme, in which a active time schedule is worked out in real
time for the road of each traffic column. The real-time operation of the system gives the judgment of a traffic
policeman on duty. Number of vehicles in each column and the routing are proprieties which upon the calculations and
the judgments are done. The disadvantage of this work is that it does not discuss what methods are used for
communication between the emergency vehicle and the traffic signal controller.
Geetha.E, V.Viswanadha, Kavitha.G proposed an intelligent auto traffic signal control system. Traffic congestion is
one of the major issues to be considered. Generally Vehicular traffic intersects at the junctions of the road and are
controlled by the traffic signals. Traffic signals need a good coordination and control to ensure the smooth and safe
flow of the vehicular traffic. During the rush hours, the traffic on the roads is at its peak. Also, there is a possibility for
the emergency vehicles to stick in the traffic jam. Therefore; there is a need for the dynamic control of the traffic during
rush hours. Hence, they propose a smart traffic signal controller. The proposed system tries to minimize the
possibilities of traffic jams, caused by the traffic lights, to some extent by clearing the road with higher density of
vehicles and also provides the clearance for the emergency vehicle if any. The system is based on the PIC 16F877A
micro controller, IR sensors and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology [3]. The code for this project is
compiled in high tech C compiler and the simulated with Proteus software.
N. Ahmed Surobhi and Abbas Jamalipour proposed a M2M-Based Service Coverage. In a realistic mobility model that
includes users post-emergency complex behavioral changes. Later on, this paper proposes a machine-to-machine
(M2M) networking-based service coverage framework [4] for post-emergency environments. The proposed outline
performs not only accurate prediction of the proposed user mobility but also best imitation, utilizing these predictions,
of the central server to achieve continuous service coverage. In addition, the outline requires no supervision and fewer
resources to perform these functions due to use of the M2M networking.
Xue Yuan, XiaoliHao, Houjin Chen, and Xueye Wei proposed a novel descriptor for a TSR system, known as the Color
Global LOEMP. The Color Global LOEMP is a framework that is able to effectively combine color, global spatial
structures, global direction structures, and local shape information. In addition, the Color Global LOEMP is robust to
illumination conditions, scale, and rotation variations. In order to verify the effectiveness of the detection module, [5]
two traffic sign data sets, i.e., the Spanish traffic sign set and the authors data set, were tested. Furthermore, two traffic
sign data sets, i.e., the GTSRB data set and the authors data set, were tested to validate the efficiency of the
recognition module. The images were captured under different conditions of geometric deformation, damage, weather,
and lighting. Different image features, such as the HOG feature, color histogram features, and nine sorts of LBP-based
features, were used for the purpose of comparison, and the experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the
proposed method.
From the current problem section, it can be seen that, existing technologies are insufficient to handle the problems of
congestion control, emergency vehicle clearance. We implement Intelligent Traffic Control System for Emergency
Vehicle Clearance. The image sequences from a camera are analyzed using various edge detection and object counting
methods to obtain the most efficient technique. Afterward, the number of vehicles at the intersection is evaluated and
traffic is efficiently managed. The traffic signal indication continuously glows to green as long as the emergency
vehicle is waiting at the traffic lane. After the vehicle crossed the junction, automatically the traffic signals follow the
previous pattern generation of traffic signals.

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ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2015

IV.METHODOLOGY
Programming Tool:
A programming tool or software development tool is a computer program that software developers use to create,
maintain, debug or otherwise support other programs and applications. The term refers to relatively simple programs,
that are combined together to accomplish a task. The ability to use a variety of tools productively is one hallmark of a
capable software engineer. The majority basic tools are a source code editor and an interpreter or compiler, which are
used continuously.
LabVIEW:
LabVIEW stands for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. It is a system design platform and
development environment intended for a visual programming language from National Instruments. The graphical
language is named "G" which means G-code. It is originally released for the Apple Macintosh. LabVIEW is commonly
used for instrument control, data acquisition and industrial automation on a difference of platforms including Microsoft
Windows, various versions of Linux, UNIX, and Mac OS X.
System
Initialization

Camera

Read Video

Image
Comparison

Traffic
Lights

Traffic Light
Controller

Object
Counting

Fig-1: Flow Chart

Still camera is fixed at traffic signals. Camera takes continuous images regularly with some time difference (1sec or 2
sec), then compare the images one by one. Edge detection detects the edges of the objects, so we can easily identify the
emergency vehicle. The object counting counts the frames and subtracts the objects in the captured images. So, we can
identify the flow of traffic at signals. In Fig-1 we can get clear information about the process of project. Then the traffic
light controller increases the signal time period and it turn red light to the all remaining signals.
V. RESULTS
The duration of traffic video recorded for about 2 minutes in fig-2. The next step is to divide the video clip into frames.
For this purpose a LabVIEW VI for converting AVI file to a series of JPEG images. The video clip in AVI format is
sent as input to the VI. The output generated is a set of images as depicted. The road with traffic was identified at
Vijayawada city and smart camera at a fixed point in a clear day light environment. The duration of traffic video
recorded for about 2 minutes. Farther it is to divide the video clip into image frames. For this purpose a LabVIEW VI
for converting AVI file to a series of JPEG images. The video clip in AVI format is sent as input to the Fig-3. Fig-2 is
gives to the base path to the Fig-3. It gives the video of the camera. We give the tracking object to the anther side of the
input. By running of video if the tracking object is obtain then the VI is tracks the object and check the how many
objects in the frames and what time period they travelling. So we can take the time taken by the object to the signals. In
some traffic signals we contain heavy traffic on roads. We use the traffic signal VI to control the signals. If any
emergency vehicle is detected it increase the signal time period in which way vehicle coming in Fig-4. This VI is
connected to the vehicle tracker vi. Then we can easily control signals when emergency vehicle detected.

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2015

Fig-2: camera.vi

Fig-3: Vehicle Tracking

Fig-4: Signal controller

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2015

Fig-5: Result of the project

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
The vehicle classification system is used to automate the process of traffic monitoring system by making identification
and classification of moving vehicles on road. The system uses LABVIEW for image processing of vehicle sample
images. Automatic traffic density estimation and vehicle classification through video processing is very important for
traffic management especially in mega cities. With automatic traffic signal control based on the traffic density in the
route, the manual effort on the part of the traffic policeman is saved. As the entire system is automated, it requires very
less human intervention. If they spend a lot of time in traffic jams, precious lives of many people may be in danger.
With emergency vehicle clearance, the traffic signal turns to green as long as the emergency vehicle is waiting in the
traffic junction. The signal turns to red, only after the emergency vehicle passes through. Further enhancements can be
done to the VI by testing it with RFID readers. Also GPS can be placed into the emergency vehicle detection VI, so that
the exact location of emergency vehicle is known. Currently, we have implemented system by considering one road of
the traffic junction. It can be improved by extending to all the roads in a multi-road junction.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A. K. Mittal and D. Bhandari, A novel approach to implement green wave system and detection of stolen vehicles, in Proc. IEEE 3rd Int.
Adv. Compuer., Feb. 2013, pp. 10551059.
S. Sharma, A. Pithora, G. Gupta, M. Goel, and M. Sinha, Traffic light priority control for emergency vehicle using RFID, Int. J. Innov. Eng.
Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 363366, 2013.
Geetha.E, V.Viswanadha, Kavitha.G, Design of an Intelligent Auto Traffic Signal Controller with Emergency Override, International Journal
of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014.
N. Ahmed Surobhi and Abbas Jamalipour, M2M-Based Service Coverage for Mobile Users in Post-Emergency Environments, IEEE
Transactions On Vehicular Technology, VOL. 63, NO. 7, September 2014.
Xue Yuan, XiaoliHao, Houjin Chen, and Xueye Wei, Robust Trafc Sign Recognition Based on Color Global and Local Oriented Edge
Magnitude Patterns, IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation Systems, VOL. 15, NO. 4, August 2014.

BIOGRAPHY
V. Venkatesh pursuing M.Tech in VR Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, A.P, India. I received B.Tech from
DJR Institute of engineering & Technology, Vijayawada, A.P, India. My interested areas are Intelligent Transportation
Systems, Location Based Systems, Electronic toll collection & Telecommunication.
Nazneen Syed Assistant professor in VR Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, A.P, India. She received M.Tech
from VR Siddhartha Engineering College, VR Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, A.P, India. She interested areas
are Intelligent Transportation Systems, Electronic toll collection & Wireless Communication Networks.
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