Project

Doc. No.
Ship
Name
Revisi

BOILER DESIGN 100,012 HP

Akhmad Hidayat Rajab (4214100019)

: BOILER DESIGN
: 01-42 14 019-BO
: Oil Carrier
KM. KARAENG
:

LPP
Lwl
Ldisp
B

=
=
=
=

85.00
87.55
86.28
14.50

m
m
m
m

6.30

DATA UTAMA KAPAL YANG DI RANCANG

Vs
=
13
knot
=
6.69
Radius Pelayaran
=
777
mil laut
=
1,439.0
Daerah Pelayaran
=
Balikpapan - Tanjung Priok
Lcb simpson
=
0.50
m
(dibelakang midship kapal)
2
-6

m
/s
(0.94252 x 10 )
air laut (25 )=
=
9.43E-07

5.48

Cm
Cp
L/B
B/T
Cwp
Fn
( )
( )
( )

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.98
air laut
0.68
Lama Pelayaran
5.86
SHP direncanakan
2.65
0.76
DATA NSP DIAGRAM
=
0.98
1m
=
0.67
1 knot
=
0.68
1 mil laut

9.81

m/s

ton/m
1.025
72
jam
100,019 HP

=
=
=

=
=

KONVERSI SATUAN
3.28
ft
0.51
m/s
1.85
km
=

=
=
=

1025 kg/m
3.0 hari

1,852.0 m

1 m /s
ft /s
=
10.37
1 m/s
=
3.60 km/jam
1 HP
=
0.75
kW
1 kW
=
1.34
HP
DATA PERHITUNGAN
Based from ABS and ASME section VIII Clasification requirement for 100,000 HP - 200,000 HP are to be meet
1. Input Data
Steam pressure , drum , approx
=
960.00 psig
Steam pressure , superheater outlet
=
875.00 psig
Steam pressure , drum , approx
=
955.00 F
Steam flows
Superheated
=
185,520 lb/hr
Desuperheated
=
16,870 lb/hr
+
202,390 lb/hr
Feed water temperature
=
226.00 F
Efficiency (based on 1,5 % radiation and unaccounted for losses and 15% excess air)
Efficiency
=
83.5 %
Fuel total heating value (standard Bunker C + added heat in air)
Fuel total heating value
=
19,264 Btu/lb
Fuel required
=
14,349 lb/hr
Air temperature, leaving steam air heater
=
278.00 F
Air flow (16.07 lb/lb oil at 15% excess air)
=
230,600
Flue gas flow (Wg)
=
245,000 lb/hr
Furnance exit temperature (TE 1)
=
2,300 F
Furnance exit temperature Radiation (TE 2)
=
2,415 F
Effective flame radiating (TF)
=
1,950 F
Adiabatic flame temperature (TA)
=
4,250 F
(100% Theoritical air)
e%
Cbwl
Cblpp

=
=
=

2.45 %
0.66
0.68

2. Furnance Calculation
3

Furnance volume (VF)

2,655.0 ft

Projected surface (ST)

1,200.0 ft

RHAS (Radiant Absorbing Surface) Or (SC)

1,175.0 ft

2
2

3. Furnance Rating at Rated Power

3

With a fuel higher rating values

=
18.5000 Btu/ft
Realease rate = Fuel required x fulel higher / Furnace Volume
Realease rate

99.984 Btu/ft

Oil rate / RHAS

=
12.21 lb/ft
Dari satisfactory , Furnace exit gas temperatur dan heat absorption dapat dihitung sesuai furnace surface area seperti dibawah :

Item

Projected

Surface Effectiveness
Factor (See Fig. 8 of
Chapter 2)

m/s
km

RHAS

Real waterwall

190.00

Surface Effectiveness
Factor (See Fig. 8 of
Chapter 2)
1.00

Front waterwall (2-INC

7/8
TUBES WITH 2 - in. average
spacing)

175.00

0.86

150.00

Screen and floor

Side waterwall and roof
Amount

435
400
1,200.0

1.00
1.00

435.00
400.00
1175

Item

Projected

4. Adiabatic sensible heat in the combustion gases

Lower heating values (LHV)
Fuel sensible heat (qf)
Air temperatur (ta)
Average spesific heat of combustion air (Cp)
Air fuel ratio (R)
Base temperature (to)
Perfect combustion the sensible heat
Qtr =LHV + Qf + (ta-to) CpR
Btu/lb
R+1
Qtr = 1216.47 Btu/lb

=
=
=
=
=
=

17,500.0
46.000
278.0
0.2
13.98
80.0

RHAS
190.00

Btu/lb
Btu/lb
F

Adibiatic sensible flame temperature TA is found to be 3990 F or 4450 R look at figure 2 of chapter 2
=
=
=
=
=
=

Lower heating values (LHV)

Fuel sensible heat (qf)
Air temperatur (ta)
Average spesific heat of combustion air (Cp)
Air flow ratio (R)
Base temperature (to)
Perfect combustion the sensible heat
Qtr =LHV + Qf + (ta-to) CpR
Btu/lb
R+1
Qtr = 1,073.46 Btu/lb
5. Firing Density
WF = Fuel required
PF = Furnance pressure

=
=

14,349 lb/hr
1.00 atm

VF = Volume Furnance

2,655.0 ft

Wf
PF x Vf

17,500.0
46.0
278.0
0.24
16.1
80.0

Btu/lb
Btu/lb
F

(Based pressure vessel)

5.404519774

6. Flame Emmisivity
-(K*PF*L)

EF = 0.951 (1 - e
)
PF = Furnance pressure
K = Concentration Factor

=
=

VF = Volume Furnance
L = Radiating path length
L = 0.6

2,655.0 ft

8.308184 ft

-(K*PF*L)

EF = 0.951 (1 - e
EF =
0.563397

1 atm
0.06 (You must look grafik figure 7 Furnance factor chapter 2)

7. Reasonable degree for accuracy

To know the values of reasonable degree for accuracy we can calculated with formula :
FRC =

FRC =

SC
ST
0.98

8. Calculated The FE, FA

To found FE,FA value or shape emissivity factor you must plot and interpolation the EF and FRC to figure 6 on chapter 2
NO
1
2
3

SC/ST
A
0.80
0.98
1.00

FE,FA
B
0.38
0.32

FE,FA =
FE,FA = 0.32625
9. Calculated Qc/Qs
Qc/SC 1 = 1713 x FE,FA [(TA/1000)^2 x (TE2/1000)^2) - 1]
2

52841.15323 Btu/ft -hr

Qc/SC 1 =

Qc/SC 2 = 1713 x FE,FA [(TA/1000)^2 x (TE/1000)^2) - 1]

2

58314.65523 Btu/ft -hr

Qc/SC 2 =

10. qta and qTe

From the values of Furnance Exit Temperature Radiation (TE2) and Adiabatic flame temperature (TA) we can found qT And qte
to used grafik on figure 2
TE 2 =
TA =
Qta =
Qte =

2,415
4,250
550
1100

F
F
Btu/lb
Btu/lb

VALUES FROM PLOTTING

GRAFIK

11. Tabel Asummed Several Values Of The Furnance Exit Temperature

Assumed TE, F
Assumed TE, R
TA, R

2,300.0 F
2,415.0 F
4,250.0 F
2

(Qc/Sc)1

52,841.2 Btu/ft -hr

(Qc/Sc)2
Qta
Qte

58,314.7 Btu/ft -hr

550.0 Btu/lb
1,100.0 Btu/lb

12. Tube Surface Temperature In The Furnace

The furnance consists of 2 - in , - OD 0.165 in thick, ASME 178 A
2

SW =
284.00 ft
TS = (ts + (Qc/Sc) * (X/k))
ts =
541 inch
Do =
2.00 inch
Di =
1.84 inch
thick =
0.165 inch
k=
310 Btu/hr-ft-F
X = 1/2 Do log (Do/Di)
X=
0.0374
TS =
TS =

By design calculated appropriate exit temperature furnace and

input data look at asme section VIII

(ts + (Qc/Sc) * (X/k))

548.034 F

13. Estimating the corrected furnance exit temperature

Tf =[ ((TE+TE)/2)+TS]/2
Tf = 1482 F
14. Temperature Coeficient
Ft = 0.00003875 Tf + 0.1035
Ft = 0.160909
15. Screen Arrangement (ASME SECTION VIII)

Item Arrangement

Tube Diameter

inch
Screen (2 rows)
Super heater 10 rows)
Generating Bank (24 Rows)

2.00
1.25
1.25

Transverse
Pitch
inch
3.50
1.88
1.88

16. Superheater by radiation from the furnance

QSHR = AFL x (Qc/Sc)
Where :
A = Screen projected area

Back
Pitch
inch
2.40
1.75
2.37

Gas Flow
Area
ft2
100.00
70.00
75.00

Heating
Surface
ft2
795
4,065
11,460

A=LxB
2

A=
990 ft
FL = Screen leakage factor for a tube pitch/ diameter ratio
FL =
1.75
Qc/Sc =
QSHR =
QSHR =

58,314.66 Btu/ft -hr

A x FL x (Qc/Sc)
101,068,409 Btu/hr

17. Flue Gas Flow Convection

QSHe = Wg x Cp (T1-T2)
Where :
Wg =
Cp =
T1 =
T2 =

245,000 lb/hr
0.2
2,300 F
1,950 F

QSHe = Wg x Cp (T1-T2)
QSHe =
20,965,875 Btu/hr
18.Economizer Arrangement
From flue gas flow convection we can look at ASME Section VIII The Economizer Arrangement as follows
Gas temp. entering
GAS temp. leaving
Change in gas., Delta Tg
Gas sensible heat entering
Gas sensible heat leaving
Change in gas sensible heat
Gas Flow (Wg)
Feed temp. entering
Feed enthalpy entering
Feedwater flow
Feed Water enthalpy rise

631
316
315
149
65
84
245,000
284
255
202,390
102

F
F
F
Btu/lb
Btu/lb
Btu/lb
lb/Hr
F
F
lb/Hr
lb/Hr