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PCB 2023
DRIVE MECHANISMS
Outcomes
Contents
Introduction
Production Mechanisms
Introduction
Introduction (contd)
Introduction (contd)
1. Primary Drive
Introduction (contd)
2. Secondary Drive
Introduction (contd)
3. Tertiary Drive
Introduction (contd)
Primary production
mechanisms:
Solution gas drive
Gas cap drive
Water influx or
aquifer drive
Compaction drive
Gravity drainage
At discovery, reservoirs
may be saturated or
under-saturated
Solution gas
expansion,
mobile evolved
gas
Pb
Time
Pressure
Pb
Time
Water Drive
Active aquifer
Key issue-relative
size of aquifer to
hydrocarbon
accumulation
1 V
c
V P
Water Drive
Two types:
Water Drive
Water Drive
Producing GOR
Remains constant since reservoir
undersaturated.
Pressure
Declines as aquifer
decompresses
Productivity
remains high.
Reduces as water
production
increases
Compaction Drive
Not a common drive
mechanism.
Characteristics can be
dramatic as a result of
increase in net
overburden stress as
pore pressure reduced.
Nature of the rock or its
consolidation determines
extent of mechanism
Gravity Drainage
Gravity Drainage
Combination Drive
Reservoir Performance
Gas-Oil ratio
pressure decline
water production
Oil production
Characteristics
Reservoir pressure
Gas-Oil Ratio
Production rate
Water production
Well behaviour
Expected recovery
Trend
Declines rapidly
First low then rises through a
maximum
First high, then declines rapidly
None
Requires artificial lift early
5-30% STOIIP
Characteristics
Reservoir pressure
Gas-Oil Ratio
Production rate
Water production
Well behaviour
Expected recovery
Trend
falls slowly and continuously
Rises continuously
First high, then declines gradually
Absent or negligible
Long flowing life depending on gas
cap
20-40% STOIIP
Water Drive
Characteristics
Reservoir pressure
Gas-Oil Ratio
Water production
Well behaviour
Expected recovery
Trend
Remains high
Steady
Early and increases to large amount
Flow until water production excessive
up to 60% STOIIP
Recovery
GOR
Water flooding
Water source sea water, aquifer above oilbearing formation, produced water.
Gas injection
gravity over-ride
chanelling
Chemical flooding