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    Kirby Lost in Space

    Загружено:

    azrncic
    space

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    a ona d Lost in Space ESTABLISHING THE LIMITS OF IDENTITY ‘The Cartan subject as seemed, to many contemporiry theorits, the lat (ond fis) bation ofthe curtene plital order I has been held reponse forthe atocies of tera, the subjeption ot ‘women, andthe poyhologiliineaes of Western individual, Lacan 5 objec to is pretense of Self enowledge and ele wenparency (pa Sealy in “Of che Subject of Cerin" n Fou Pandan oy ‘ap. By denying i location in language, the Cartesian sbjet cut {lel ff fom other subjects and from ehangeJenca Benji er F Sques is presumption of independence, the way rprenc tors | table relates to othes by banishing therm to prove fox ‘tence, Femina crits of sence, such Evelyn Fox Kell ned |, Sunda Harding, kave poisted to im paricpation in 2 ervcure of Inowlege inseparable fre domination anping tht the empiric] subject elses to the world only by sbjectiing it and viewing feat 4 cold dance, Mary Louis Prt desrtes how Paropean easel raraties of the Enlightenment lkewie siute the "Bee ofthe | country” in"“sweeping prospect that open up before or, more oie, beneath che uavler' eye” (Scratches on the Face ofthe Country” 143). Poneolonial crc point out how the imperial object held the as {ocsign lands and the people in dem apa, muinsining them = RR et oe te inal won ee of. soedcatual atin foreign, “exose." other inurar—separate fom the "sel, and ba meena he pops open "bu a2 a sally unk or, aernatelysnconported the people and eri Contempo theo sck to be down th advert Sounds oct with he Enlignennear inden ne ot 2 oppresion. might be god ook sas a oo rane! fein and attain ate TES tree how ace mp ea toning ponsve and reponse mail thea et sete anon pol ano anes pombe Er nee ” hee » tise it encountered into is own sel-image, obliterating thee diferece Postcolonial cit and nine crt of he Edighe en ne calogved the ways by wich the Engen ieee founded wel a he ees of ether cpt d wonl sand women sro ogo of pychoanaio™al spent be edie we he ae A lage pat ofthe potem withthe Enighteamea ins foie rhem [ue he tems inrtiangeiy one ee ‘levi seems, from its spatial form. The “individual” (ie has become: “apace of the subject." Its not clear, when comtemporary theorists deena spas sat ne” wk el ad a QR wg wrap me ie a te mot ek Gay et el cr Mr sway ha oe sae ooo ek soe cter sms, a” mig be peed MME eon rihanna sea ican, well ae eee it dion fm ME hing ten tras ec ee a 5 Mabaso Ft Pere eens consi ME Sow tee fennel fee te fe ne en peat at ery gn vad peer MMe ot in ve th ai nga oan dexrioaig' of so own acon! under the Wei Bf paoncens ‘slot (Fed: Jameson pits ut, i rato yet We rand twil carier ch pwr in Sefning ti Sod ‘pounding intentions sty. probable necsey bl rhe Stas finda, lowing ther fo get pte Rocked Sng ‘eh fhe st nd thd work os diy) eee 1 exloe some nec fo pus tt demand» ca dens tn of se oo ae nh Ge {oo nerd wih “uti” conception tate ‘elas ad sronomy the plc emelope of ramets nigees dt too much steton tao them aeey pono ee “ening” The wel wil rns on teen dat creed te sje ate randacved (hough inelned) el cold, desrmiing mabe, and stonome.Contemporny thee oe teh chalenging ts norm’ cain to ekeutvay rp ane snd ateming wo recontct abe where har assed oe ‘ait propose more pone frm premalpea snd oe Even fit never ened reli she mona ie of jetiy sl at power Than nigh be ers igs wee de ejecting them ia onder to ream is own primacy. Objet tht sre cepted ae pulled in though the wal ofthe abject andsnimted, hereby restoring the interior once again to bls homeo? The Cartesian mbject, the Enlightenment individual the autono- ‘Ne the sgt pf dhe Deemed ain th mpd he wy Be tat ef conglel poe see (eh agri tndetng Cnc fre bay eS Feces meted tw“ one anh es « ger See “ ‘ea came fom, While we might Sind the St esnutions of ind ‘dua in Dears most ers point tothe Enlighenmere ns Fetiod when the model wat Gt reazed~—that put nes pees sd widely atumed in dicous. The relation ofthe Engg ope or in pre-Columbian America Champlin and de Vath texts sgt that before, or alone, mapping Earopeen nd “American—theve exited another syle of spt! medaton [sre bused on marae, tht promoted a subject-in procen divided [scther Gom the emotions nor fom the omiprest demands of iy exinence. Ie dificle not to draw paaels Between thi le subject and che ayer on prc ov yet de aione of trots, o the imtersbjectvesject of American (pycho- ne) feminin, or the “immanent” intllcra of Foscalds exis. Sach romantic comparisons ate tempting: aera ial of are “oppositions!” practices, might there not be smarty ‘hem? But that conchsion & too exy 2 product of birary ghia way of ignoring the vast incompatible af each ofthese Spor nd cull periods, snd the practices developed in them sta Chapter Four willbe content dicta the ways postsrsturaiot azzmpted to move knowledge out ofthe binary pug, nto uid or conlated dfrentations repreentaine of pomtoders, 1 Ihe sail format of the Enlightenment individual and the En- coment socal environment hal, most pontracatlt roles Err Dispensing with carography (practice with coincident, bat bly revealing. tes otha historic period) should then be god BM exnogeaphy ircpanbly spies (nd perhaps produce?) explo. i eton then it shold sarprise us to “dnconer” st we wil, hatte Beene and even the practice of cartography ate used everywhere in ‘theory today. Fredric Jamesont “Posenoderis, othe Cultura Logie of Late Capt” will provide an example: though scveying flanguge ao inflener the work of Foucsak and ether pwr nee Eres (Mohanty among then) Jameion' refections on poster fam wil :eintroduce mapping ono the contemporary eri land ‘zaps and allow us to invessgate why eure theory as ied 0 ard D1 ipose of the Cares ego—and why that form of wbjetty ‘may nonetheless pest Jameson wil help to recomplete the at mens by revealing that simply dspensing with esabished boundaries ft no sare forma for wropia—at leat not for everyone. betinning Jameson contends, "wither sway” wil be ee ‘wo Remisance tex of exploration, one by Samuel de Cheep What ses of rubjctiviy preceded the autonomous ego the em pirical postion? Ie shard to Know nt lea because te tnd sec) “mia prerent me fom going beyond the bound of cages “one eet nt pc ef ne See SERS So aoe Ba oe tte ine et eee mares Tieseagto alerting ae omer iene maha tacoma am eet ang e per on eee “ As | noted in the previous chapter, rychoanais (pariculay object reltion) ft held tht the subject aad apace oars a he tied mediom that i divided bys sulectne Loredey tren Freud propose, the structure ofthe sl is sciced teach te maintain the ideal ofa encaped, subjctiviy that willbe the hallo of Catesan tonaluey, ches the elationaip berween subjet and envionment ir sacar a, {he second term evacuated 03 high degree to ensuite ccna inated primacy ofthe sel “The mapper isan alien in another way too: he iy and encodes Bimslf io his text a fregner Mapping incl cate de at subject i not a nave tothe Ind otherwise, the scviy woeld he neces. Who needs maps to get aro his own bowser Chane independene space fr his sudince a ithe were opty «mysterious imported objet before the principal ofthe court Tei absence i ectibed wishin the tnt eee i ” Cpr and enables andi is widh ds posdon of absence dat Chapin ‘Sent. [Newly all the exploren’ descriptions are generic, tlng only wether 3 spo is barren oc fir—and they called “baren csny Jocations magiicnt (the modern eye) with woodk, mounting snd seams. Their isenivty to thet srrounings Tes, Page sags rom thei “empieicl school of ratue™ (195). Roma tick, which would have given the explorer she lens ose in Nasr an inherene meaning or beauty (oo lew an idclogica projec), ws sail several centuries in the fitare. The interpenetration of subject nd vtooment that mats romantic’ forroundng of Netre dons not appear here: the interpretive fume one of objective meus, ‘ment motivated by the prospec of pot, Champa denies wih (Capi, and to the degree that he docs t,he postions hime at European nevabl allen tothe New World ‘But hit vaion doesnot even fds home in Earope is upended above the globe, up in the heavens someplace where he ca sce the whole word view the network of longitude and aes and pace topological features within is mee. The cstorapher remores his selffom the acuallandicape, externalizing the srroundigy fom body 10 that he ean reaprehend them through 1 comvestonabed ‘stem of representation in which all opographies, however tious ‘an be indiscriminately sbsitoted. Mapping septs the sabjoct ‘oncepeuly fom his 2c lesion. While any reprenttion sed be sido do the same. chs separation is mapping’ pper, tad ks ndged accel only tothe degsee that it doe 5a, ‘The tx carry 2 djunctareBeewcenpasages locating the subject 263 mapper and those “natave™ puns tha reveal» diferent ad of subject—and a dierent sense of space, Put of the fantom of ‘mapping it woud ser, ito entre thatthe relatonship Berton ‘nower and known remains uniectional The mapper dhol be thle to “mister his envionment, copy 2 secur and nope poston in elation ti without i alecing hin in setirn Ths once of superiority crumbles when the explorer’ earographi aptade deteriontes. When they ae loa diferent kindof ubgject emerges * diated, porous sl fsed with a chit and mebile eenronmear, ‘To actualy be inthe surroundings inepateofeparaing onc sl ‘fom them in ager objecave representation, i fr the explore, ‘© be los. "Being lou” may scem antheiel to the Ikcesure of Late gue ” ‘location, but it is the undedying eth of these text ani one of ‘hei mow sgsicant practical and aetive clementsBeese Chases hin and de Vics are foeigaer thie "beng ot” sper the rel ‘ation ofthe explorer inthe New Word Even when, according ‘© ther cleulations (pon which they depended inspite ofthe tha they were fequently mild), the explorers Knew where they ‘ete, operating inthe New Woeld prevented them rm sning te son of mastery they posened in tele homeland, where the fer carried them (one would stu) to destintions known it nce actos aleady ordered paces. ‘The environment Gat the explore experienced may have bad lie odo with the fied space we are sccstned vo occupying now f The flowing pase. in which Champlin desribes the mins P tars of his ship in ie and fog during bi woyage of 1611 nay beter ‘communicate what the experience of America wa ik in the bogies ‘ing. The lnd he fced ise appeared to have some ofthe asd aractrinics of this wold of water, Hosting ic, cacuting fog sad icknes, The account lass five pages (am ual length i th ‘sontet), but afew lines wil sic to capa i tno Te mest sgonened woul have low al jdgement in wich + noc; even the greet nagar the wor What eed ‘il nore than thee] wa the tot ce we cold tr ed Set that he gt wo coming on, ad that we could ma make 2 ‘ofa gute of league withou Endings tank erm ce (18 30) ‘The land Champlin faces appears chatic and unable, moving 2c- caraing © i own unpredcable logic. Champlain vison a his fonucioumen are increasingly compresed che land steibtcs are ‘gid until where he Weems the whole world The explree B ® eblenly lated, but since he doesnot know where hei the eae soament rather than being 2 sable Geld he moves actos, apps 1 be reorganizing around him, The Nate American emitonment wat in real ways dynamic. Thee were few permanent setemens,#pos ‘hat could be mapped in the manner of European cde: thet re ‘0 stable boundaries to cro or ientfable terres to locate Locations were Suid, defined by comet along the edges of moving sup of peoples. ‘Champlain observes Requeny “If the land were leed up grain a Cpr Te ‘would foursh exellendy” (4), The phase “leared up” though cides of aston, fhflly convey his tendency to sce tne nd sa problem, ating awaiting order (The phate inthe og French er difehés” [3] The American environment wil no“ conform tan ead exahsed plan, one with fixed sites connec. by well-beaten paths, asin Europe. The landcape tel along the ‘pathways ofthe senses and penetrate the body teseby endungeing the hermescaly sealed subject. The envtonment ofthe explored ‘resembles that duordeed fagmened world of the pre-Ovad phe described by Fread in relation tothe “oceanic ling” tt thew location int doesnot lsd to» kind fifa pleasure. Relea @ amniery. For Champs, who mision was sucenfl oven ich eng ofthe vel of mastery are ra. His naratve retain atlas de pe of mastering his eovronment. De Vis bat given op even tht post ‘bili He diagnoses the Buropeans postion nthe American lanseape sich more lacy By the sie we reached my previo camp, wa pully cer {0 allt we were nprepacd tg rte ia we teen pope, ‘eal did not Know where topo wl mt peas ‘Srelesutn bor oe can inagine wine woah Beta ie t ‘rings Temoté nd dete of aye oferta o es itereting that de Vea sees icy in remaining as wll in leprting.Cartogrphicorienetion woald sem precy adequate for sting ur ofa place (ded, hati is main funtion), but we ey realize how sce i i for sting pu. Because he cannot spurte himself rom the environment, kes on an uncifevenised goal inside” and “ouside” ‘make any difrence 2 ovieeng principle, In the abience of Jn whichsuch messresa¢ “here and "ther and the ditinesons berween them cease to ext-ceat, hat ucve map, movement ha no relevance ‘The tenon the explorers are 20 frequently "lo is that ehey ae sing somewhere, but are unable w imegrate conceptual pace and 4 ‘eal pac, and even their conceptual space fagmentary (he ime seuetore describes our experiences of being lit ade) Beng "let ot only describes the subject in spaceie esses he subject epee ‘The elevaon of the abject overt seroundingipce collate a 2 [ne em ang te epton digas, then d- somposing the pure comparenentaiation of the abject "Betng on™ ‘comes something lke a eras of diferenation, + tyafncdon of the logic enurng ordered space | would exteud dhs obseration to Crores tat che Enlightenment sabjecthinaintenance of the dee, se between intsiorry and eerirty enables 2 stationry organ Esai fr the exeral word--both phycal and social. Adisoraly, {would soggst that one of the prime characterises ofthe init a” sth teleologicalorenesion contin in tne rahe ty Feoaiionsuructuraion in space Mainaining » sabe pace ouside lows a subject to maintain hs form even a he moves though ie ‘Upreting the ditincion of nea and far, mide and ouvide, eng ‘nto quesion whats poper tothe mbjec, E _ mite of his long calubiaton wid dhe Indian, de Vaca remains oe” throughout his Journey hough at some times he smote so ‘tao st other) because he & continually diverted fom his waht sch oward the Spanish colony He fe loa even when te Indians the accompanies know exact where they a. He lw becaie hit cance of orientation rales on geting on of place. sepa fmt fom i rather than becoming integral inclved wih He ‘> comienly Busated by the coming wandeting of hs hors (we, wore abut 9 get on st toring the lc vig ll ante oaks uo Geno es whe el athe top oth Buri was oa of ove way nd we decid on ur eae on te wine "When the Undlanssw out determin to spt ths cone, they warmed us tht we would En ny nee cy pean or anything ch ea (108-165) ‘Ther it slang confictberseen the intentions of the Indians, which appeared to be bused om eaily revied naratives tending towaed immediate goa, and that of de Vaca, who wishes to te i one érection, on 3 sight ine © _ De Via frequently receives invitations to “become” a “nin.” ‘Bot the explores are incapable, ideclogically at wel 36 practically of doings. Colonization wat from the tart artanged hierarchically hot Em 3 meeting benween equa: the explorer with to lndunee and ones the word they meet, bot tke great pains to be sue tat ‘wl noe sobanily inform them in etn, They erate the others Fey meet, keeping their own wbject potion inthe form ef the E “ ht oe TIE ta nS s se op ah wt yf. sacl 7 fo Seyiiceenne en ae Pores Snalagenwencnts Soccer cant re tel get hecho Sen cities wees ae sg en aap tion between cartography, capitalism, and authority the admixture of ot ope areas meer montis emacs teres Ire sons Gamal et Sheen ae ee hin declres: “They are 2 people who hive no fined abode... For they spend the winter now in one place snd now in another acid, ' they find the bex hunting” (48). Champlai admonishes them not ‘only for thie profigaey and lak of fresh, but abo for thei ck of fxed addres. Frederick Turner writes, “Indeed, the primi harmonious and precise knowledge of their haba came in the P yrocen ofthe 'Euopeanizaon’ of the globe tobe the very math of ‘he primitive self” (1). Thur thei lind could be taken fom them by Earpeas who wierd no quit, even if the see entailed Shodhed. [But as Todorov demonstrate cv thi formation that mapping preceded the Hoodthed—conceal the inherent power of mapping "Pechaps there i impli wroplaniam in thas feducing maton © the we of violence, especially since violence at we knows can tke orm that are not really suber bat lee obo,” (181) The relation ‘of power to knowledge in conguet i not, Tedorov argc contingent ‘bt constitute (181), Mapping embodies colonization: matraling the lind according to + European logic emses the order it might foxmely have ponesed, converting tito Eoopean lind, The col iss crated the land a they explored it coring to New World af | they were unoccupied—blenk vipa Their naming Inerlly tars ‘ermed the and nt one tha Amerie orginal nab occupying 2 ferent world, could not. ‘The European explorers atempeed to maintain the ovronment ‘on the “outide” in order to proerve cei mastery of As de Vacs} tesimonies elt, the Europeans alto needed to main the Nase ‘Americans a externa ia onder to reinfore thet own sabjectity BY ‘srbucnginfriorr to the Nave American people and thet spatial Prices, thse tex anctioned to concrete individual and naire the Native American’ exclusion fom The oid lines that cto imply avs between the sbjet andthe land abo reinforced the ‘Buropean subject’ white Western deny, CCrrogrphy helped advance and consummate the primacy of boundaries It demarcated serrtorie within occupied land oexablsh legal ownership, and, ast projected overseas, it uncioned to denote the separation berween Eorope and thote spaces designated “other” In sociological ters, moreover, it dtinguished "sek" fom “other in the American instance, ctography nat the mente between ‘human and nonhuman, civilized and sage. My argument has be OF he mow fl nd ect ah fig ha aye etal fe wo onay the Borns» By te abe Saal towing rp, nd wen By ke ae at bing out own tnd a indo ches tthe ae eptinoveivn snd Chay produced Seon Breen ofc ec i} " Whe item tout ht mapping woul wd wo precede ca ‘inion hee Champlin come e manga ger as soppy + diet issuer in making Se pow d's comme et ibn teenie prope. The fc caopaphy gh Cnet ‘eowen crs andthe sje poston kine Tomehoe telock with i ipeater “rit conn ogpy according oth own can mati ‘ps the exloren made, howgh ceed a cone Be cs th New Wed taepne into the new se logoff Esrope, Beas the Nate Aten dl not nap sce Esopesn sandan, Europeans Bevel that they dot fay decry eoship tothe land Nave Amero geoph ba ‘es could otberecopized bythe Eutopens wee aso a ownesip in ft they could ot be rcoputed val Nae Ameria racic of ration her cs ofa o ste dl no amount the Eurpesn view oer eal de.” Ai Powel stn ot Nate American indie od depended moe upon res ofcatay we han wes socal ss pire Dremised on cleanly ditingushing besneen entity in the mtu _nvreament the prychic environment and Bay the scl eo Jemesons ensy “Postmodernism, of the Cultural Logic f Late Cpieism’” describes postmodern aa scene where de maui ct | space has abolished categories of ime, but pace foe ha exceeded ‘is tadional orgsnieation. He sees postmodernist an expanding ‘dor of smal unordered by a selective gr of meaning Beteres whose clement there are no iertchis, and within which dseace and ference are increasingly calpud. Jamon pun the new tos ‘manageability of bil space with te slipping away ofan ordered, obvious direction for intellectual and pobtical practice. Here he b ‘oto fa rom the explores i either station che whole purrs oftepesenting spaces to detenine away tow) Jameson tetone te secolonise cis dapmented and i eminent bike he ‘xplorer eo import maps meson’ dscipion is surpebsingy fain, in the ight of those ‘nade by Champlin and de Vic. The divorenation contempory space imposes i exemplified fr Jmeon in postmadera achiew His description of ate capil mace caches intentonaly dae, fing culmination ina description of the Bonaventure Neva in Ler ‘Angee: {Lm more. it whe comes consyng hth se penne of pace you inden Yam ened wn ek ‘re nak spon br wo te eugene ‘olan ay loge You sets hyper to yee tnd body Ths been obvi, nee ete apeng Se ee 1m 1977, tht nobody coud ever Gnd ty of ee ane ey ome Eno my pencil pit hee at te moe {peee_potmodenlpemace—h fly ceeded nie the cpt of the inal Raman body eee nal at ‘ne inmate srtoundings peep and copseny potion na mappable tea well 5) ate ” “Posmodernsn” reproduce on higher evel the anxieties and assumptions concerning spac, pice and cremation tha srk the ‘exe of Champin and de Vic, ls thrust hardly conscrntne oo Jescion carves out for himself an authori potion bot ssoney Marx ad productively engaged with postmodern cule (shoud [expres here my admiration far this xy, which & enormously pro,

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