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TEXTILE STRUCTURES -1

INTRODUCTION

What is Textile
Textile, any filament, fibre or yarn that can be made
into fabric or cloth, and the resulting material itself.
The term of textile is derived from the Latin textilis
and the French texere, meaning to weave, and it
originally referred only to woven fabrics.
It has, however, come to include fabrics produced
by other methods. Thus, threads, cords, ropes,
braids, embroidery, nets, and fabrics made by
weaving, knitting, bonding, felting, or tufting are
textiles.

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INTRODUCTION

What is Textile
Some definitions of the term textile would also
include those products obtained by the papermaking
principle that have many of the properties associated
with conventional fabrics.

Parameters of Affecting on Textile Structures

Arrangement of fibre molecules

Molecular Properties

Fibre Properties

Yarn Properties

Yarn Structure

Fabric Structure

Fabric properties +

Garment Construc

Garment Performance

Interrelations of fibres, yarns, and fabric structure

and properties

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Contoh Fibre Molecular Structures

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Parameter Affecting Fibre and Yarn into Fabric Properties

Converting Raw Material into a Product

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REFERENSI
Hearle, JWS, et.al., The Structural Mechanics of Fibers,
Yarns, and Fabrics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Goswami, B.C., et.al., Textile Yarns, Technology,
Structure and Applications, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Morton, W.E., et.al., Physical Properties of Textile Fibers,
The Textile Institute, Manchester.
Jurnal-Jurnal terkait dengan Textile Structure

TEXTILE STRUCTURES - 2

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CLASSIFICATION OF FIBERS
Introduction
The history of fibers is as old as human civilization.
Traces of natural fibers have been located to ancient
civilizations all over the globe.
For many thousand years, the usage of fiber was limited
by natural fibers such as flax, cotton, silk, wool and plant
fibers for different applications.
Fibers can be divided into natural fibers and man-made
or chemical fibers.
Flax is considered to be the oldest and the most used
natural fiber since ancient times

Fiber or Textile Fiber

Difinition:
A unit of matter which is capable of being spun into a
yarn or made into a fabric by bonding or by interlacing
in a variety of methods including weaving, knitting,
braiding, felting, twisting, or webbing, and which is the
basic structural element of textile products.
It is a smallest textile component which is microscopic
hair like substance that may be man made or natural.
They have length at least hundred or thousand times to
that of their diameter or width

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Fiber or Textile Fiber

Classification of Fibers:
Natural Fibers
Vegetable Fibers
Animal Fibers
Mineral fibers
Man Made Fibers
Regenerated Fibers
Synthetic fibers
Inorganic Fibers

Horizontal View of Fibers/Yarns

Acrylic Yarn

Polyester Yarn

Cotton Yarn

Rayon Rope

Nylon Rope

Wool Yarn

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Classification of fibers can be done by:

Type (Natural and Manufactured Fiber)
Length (Short staple, long staple, continuous filament)
Size (Ultra fine: micro or nano fiber), fine, regular,
course)
NATURAL FIBER
Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an
animal, vegetable or mineral source that can be convertible
after spinning into yarns and then into fabric.
Under them there are various categories:
o Plant or Vegetable Fibers
o animal Fibers
o Mineral Fibers

Vegetable fibers can be classified as:

o Fiber occurring on the seed (raw cotton, java
cotton)
o Stalk fiber (flax, ramie, hemp, jute)
o Tendon fiber from stem or leaves (manila or
abaca leafsheath, hemp, sisal, etc)
o Fiber occurring around the trunk (hemp,
palm)
o Fiber of fruit/ nut shells (Coconut fiber Coir)

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TEXTILE FIBERS

NATURAL

CELLULOSE BASE

BAST
Flax
Hemp
Jute
Ramie

LEAF
Manila
Sisal
SEED HAIR
Cotton
Kapok

PROTEIN BASE

STAPLE
Hair
Alpaca
Camel
Cashmere
Liama
Mohair
Vicuma
Wool
Sheep

FILAMENT
Silk
Spider

MAN MADE

MINERAL

Asbestos
Glass
Ceramic

ORGANIC

NATURAL POLYMER
BASE

Cellulose Base
Rayon
Lyocell
Acetate
Triacetate
Protein Base
Azlon
Alinginate
Rubber
Made from renewable
sources such as corn
Polylactic Acid (PLA)
and Polyglutamic Acid
(PGA) polymers

INORGANIC

SYNTHETIC POLIMER
BASE

Acrylic
Anidex
Aramid
Fluorocarbon
Modacrylic
Nylon
Olefin
Polycarbonate
Polyester
Saran
Spandex
Vinal
Vinyon

Glass
Metallic
Specialty